Middle Colonie

s

Colonies• New York• Pennsylvania• New Jersey• Delaware

Geography/Location• Rich soil which helped

plants and crops to grow• Plains, valleys, and

hills/mountains• Harbors, bays, rivers

• Deep rivers allowed larger ships to travel to inland settlements and allowed

colonists to trade.• Moderate climate which

made for a long growing season

Resources• Wildlife• Wheat• Corn• Barley• Grain• Were known as

the “Breadbasket Colonies” because they produced so much wheat, corn, and rye

•These became known as Cash Crops- crops grown to sell for profit

Reasons for settling

• Religious freedom

• Economic opportunity- People wanted to buy land and grow crops to make money.

Economy/Trade

• By the mid 1700’s Philadelphia and New York were important trading and manufacturing centers

• Merchants in Philadelphia and New York exported colonial goods to markets in Britain and the East Indies– Included wheat from Pennsylvania, New York, and

New Jersey

Industries• Breadbaskets• Raised livestock• Farmers• Shipping• Trading

People• Artisans – someone

who is skilled at making something by hand, such as silver spoons or wooden

chairs• Quakers – religious

people who were members of a church

• Slaves• Farmers

Artisans

• People who were skilled at making things by hand, like silver spoons or wooden chairs.

• Liked the big cities as there were more customers in a city

• Attracted by the free market economy-which means people could buy and sell what they wanted.

Women• Women made important contributions to the

economy– Ran farms, businesses such as clothing, grocery

stores, bakeries, and drugstores– Practiced medicine and acted as midwives– Colonial laws in this area limited their

opportunities• Most colonial women worked in the home

and ran the farm• Sometimes provided paid services like

washing clothes

Apprentice

• Someone who studies with a master to learn a new skill or business

• Boys learned shoemaking, printing or bookmaking

• Girls learned how to spin thread and weave cloth.

Roles

• Slaves-Unlike the New England colonies, slaves were somewhat more important in the Middle – Instead of the huge apprentice system, the Middle

Colonies used slave labor in its place– Worked as blacksmiths and carpenters– Could also be found in the shipbuilding industry

• Indentured servants filled a lot more of those needs than slave labor– They were not a life long commitment– After their term was done, they were gone

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Reference Material:

Houghton Mifflin Social

Studies United States History

Early Years Textbook