Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) : Treatment and prophylaxis with Oxidizers.

Dmitri Popov. PhD, Radiobiology. MD (Russia)

Advanced Medical Technology and Systems Inc. Canada.

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

• Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is viral respiratory illness first reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It is caused by a coronavirus called MERS-CoV. Most people who have been confirmed to have MERS-CoV infection developed severe acute respiratory illness. They had fever, cough, and shortness of breath. About 30% of people confirmed to have MERS-CoV infection have died.

• http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/mers/

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

• Countries in or near the Arabian Peninsula with MERS Cases

• Saudi Arabia• United Arab Emirates (UAE)• Qatar• Oman• Jordan• Kuwait• Yemen• Lebanon• Iran

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

• Countries with Travel-associated MERS Cases• United Kingdom (UK)• France• Tunisia• Italy• Malaysia• Philippines• Greece• Egypt• United States of America (USA)• Netherlands• Algeria• Austria• Turkey

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

• Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory infection caused by the newly identified MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS-CoV is a betacoronavirus derived from bats. Camels have been shown to have antibodies to MERS-CoV, but the exact source of infection in camels has not been identified. A strain of MERS-CoV known as HCoV-EMC/2012 found in the first patient in London in 2012 was found to have a 100% match to Egyptian tomb bats.

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

• Early reports compared the virus to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and it has been referred to as Saudi Arabia's SARS-like virus. The first patient, in June 2012, had a "seven-day history of fever, cough, expectoration, and shortness of breath. One review of 47 laboratory confirmed cases in Saudi Arabia gave the most common presenting symptoms as fever in 98%, cough in 83%, shortness of breath in 72% and myalgia in 32% of patients.

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome#Signs_and_symptoms

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

• There were also frequent gastrointestinal symptoms with diarrhea in 26%, vomiting in 21%, abdominal pain in 17% of patients. 72% of patients required mechanical ventilation. There were also 3.3 males for every female.[3] One study of a hospital based outbreak of MERS had an estimated incubation period of 5.5 days (95% confidence interval 1.9 to 14.7 days).[4] MERS can range from asymptomatic disease to severe pneumonia leading to the acute respiratory distress syndrome.[3] Renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and pericarditis have also been reported.[5]

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome#Signs_and_symptoms

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

• Chest X-ray findings tend to show bilateral patchy infiltrates consistent with viral pneumonitis and ARDS. Lower lobes tend to be more involved. CT scans show interstitialinfiltrates.

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome#Signs_and_symptoms

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

• Although MERS-CoV has been shown to antagonize endogenous IFN production, treatment with exogenous types I and IIIIFN (IFN-α and IFN-λ, respectively) have effectively reduced viral replication in vitro. When rhesus macaques were given interferon-α2b and ribavirin and exposed to MERS, they developed less pneumonia than controlanimals. 5 critically ill patients with MERS in Saudi Arabia with ARDS and on ventilators were given interferon-α2b and ribavirin but all ended up dying of the disease. The treatment was started late in their disease (a mean of 19 days after hospital admission) and they had already failed trials of steroids so it remains to be seen whether it may have benefit earlier in the course of disease. Another proposed therapy is inhibition of viral protease. Researchers are investigating a number of ways to combat the outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, including using interferon, chloroquine, chlorpromazine, loperamide, and lopinavir.

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

There has been evidence of limited, but not sustained spread of MERS-CoV from person to person, both in households as well as in health care settings like hospitals. Most transmission has occurred "in the circumstances of close contact with severely ill patients in healthcare or household settings" and there is no evidence of transmission from asymptomatic cases. Cluster sizes have ranged from 1 to 26 people, with an average of 2.7.ferent forms of herpes.

• Can we use this method for Plague treatment?

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

• Plague treatment with Na Cl O.• Использование: медицина, для лечения острой и

хронической генерализированной вирусной инфекции, а именно, гепатита С, герпеса, ВИЧ-инфекции.

• Method of treatment with Sodium hypochlorite currently in use in medical practice for treatment of different forms of Viral Infections - Viral hepatitis; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); different forms of herpes, EBOLA, Yearsenia Pestis.

• Can we use this method for MERS treatment?

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

• Plague: Treatment with Na Cl O, IV, endo-lymphatic.

• (Разрешение Фармкомитета МЗ СССР N 418 от 13.04.91).

• Approved by National Pharmaceutical Department. Ministry of Public Health. Russia

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

Sodium hypochlorite is a chemical compound with the formula Na Cl O - well known disinfectant preparation and used for destruction of viruses and bacteria on external surfaces.

• Sodium hypochlorite is a Disinfectant.• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinfectantn disinfectant preparation and used for destruction

of viruses and bacteria on external surfaces. 1. Sodium hypochlorite is a Disinfectant.2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinfectant

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

• Sodium hypochlorite is very commonly used. Common household bleach is a sodium hypochlorite solution and is used in the home to disinfect different surfaces. In more dilute form, it is used in swimming pools, and in still more dilute form, it is used in drinking water. When pools and drinking water are said to be chlorinated, it is actually sodium hypochlorite or a related compound—not pure chlorine—that is being used. Chlorine partly reacts with proteinaceous liquids such as blood to form non-oxidizing N-chloro compounds, and thus higher concentrations must be used if disinfecting surfaces after blood spills.

• In more diluted and ionized form can be used for I/V administration and treatment for deadly, severe form of viral or bacterial infection.

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

• Electrolyzed water or "Anolyte" is an oxidizing, acidic hypochlorite solution made by electrolysis of sodium chloride into sodium hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid. Anolytehas an oxidation-reduction potential of +600 to +1200 mV and a typical pH range of 3.5––8.5, but the most potent solution is produced at a controlled pH 5.0–6.3 where the predominant oxychlorine species is hypochlorous acid.

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

• Sodium hypochlorite is a chemical compound with the formula NaClO. It is composed of a sodium cation (Na+) and a hypochlorite anion (ClO−); it may also be viewed as the sodium salt of hypochlorous acid.

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

• A new effective method of countermeasure against biological weapons, antiviral treatment of acute and chronic viral hepatitis B and C and against other viral diseases was used in medical practice in hospitals. Research show this method as effective method against severe viral infections, warfare, and outbreak infections, Biological warfare, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, EBOLA, SARS, MERS.

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

• Under way

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

• Under way

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

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Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

• Under way