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Middle Imperial Middle Imperial EraEra
ChinaChina
China and Japan
Quiz: Friday, December 6China, Chapter 12 p. 263-276Japan, Chapter 13, 278-290Chapter 13 hint: P 286-287
Due: Four pages of notes total Two pages for each Chapter
China: Reunification & China: Reunification & Renaissance Renaissance
Recall Political Developments:Recall Political Developments:
• Sui Dynasty (589-618)Sui Dynasty (589-618)– Reunification– Completion of Grand CanalGrand Canal connecting
northern & southern China
• Tang Dynasty (618-907) Tang Dynasty (618-907) – expansion
China during the Tang & Song DynastiesChina during the Tang & Song Dynasties
Song Dynasty (960-1279)Song Dynasty (960-1279)
Confucian Civil Service SystemConfucian Civil Service System• Reintroduced during Sui Dynasty;
expanded in Tang & Song era, especially
• Exams based on Confucian classics
Economic RevolutionEconomic Revolution
• Population doubled during Song era
• Agricultural prosperity– New variety of rice– New cash crops – e.g. tea,
sugar– Dikes, reservoirs, & dams– Water pumps
– P. 269
Terraced rice paddies in southern Terraced rice paddies in southern ChinaChina
Economic Revolution Cont.Economic Revolution Cont.
• Commercial growthCommercial growth• Manufacturing expands during this period Manufacturing expands during this period
1000-14501000-1450– Internal trade, facilitated by canals & paper $paper $– Overseas maritime trade facilitated by
magnetic compassmagnetic compass & junksjunks
• Growth in industryGrowth in industry– Esp. silk fabric, porcelain & paper– Water powered mills & bellows– Iron & steel
Chinese Junks
• Urbanization (growth of cities)Urbanization (growth of cities)– E.g. Kaifeng & Hangzhou (p. 268)
Other Technological Other Technological AchievementsAchievements
• Gunpowder• Mechanical
clock• Moveable type
(printing)
““Thunderbolt ball”Thunderbolt ball”
Social DevelopmentsSocial Developments
• Growth of scholar-eliteGrowth of scholar-elite• Declining status of womenDeclining status of women
– Increasing legal restrictions– Demand in cities for domestic servants
& concubines– Foot binding
Ideal woman’s Ideal woman’s foot = 3” long!foot = 3” long!
FOOT BINDING
Lotus Shoes
• The role of Women further diminishes during and after the Song Dynasty
FOOT BINDING Q & A!
• When did foot binding begin?– Tang Dynasty (618-907) among upper class
• Why?– It’s beautiful. Right?
• Another q: Would men find the deformed feet attractive?
• Was it always the same?– No—It got much more debilitating (and
widespread) during the later Qing Dynasty. (When was the Qing Dynasty?)
• Last one – 1636-1911
• The ideal foot: approx. 3 inches long!
Cultural DevelopmentsCultural Developments
• Women poets as exception
• Refined pastimes of the elite
• Landscape painting
P. 273-275