Midterm PracticeFamous Fallacies, TFTD, Hurley 4.1 -
4.7
For the Midterm …I will provide you with a categorical proposition, like…
All cars that are not Mazdas are cars with good jingles
I’ll ask you for its quality qualifier quantity quantifier copula distribution letter name terms
1
How many quantifiers are there? List them…
2
How many qualifiers are there? List them…
3
Memorize distribution!
All SD are PNo SD are PD
Some S are PSome S are not PD
4
Standard Form…
Which is in standard form, and why?
No Jimmy Johns subs are slathered in mustard
Some eyebrow tweezings are less than pain free procedures
5
Consider:No non-A are B (T) Contrapositiona.Some non-A are B. (F)b.All A are non-B. (Und.)c.No non-B are A. (T)d.Some non-A are not B. (T)e.No non-B are A. (Und.)
6
Consider:All A are non-B. (F) Obversiona.All A are non-B. (F)b.All non-B are A. (Und.)c.No A are non-B. (Und.)d.No A are non-B. (F)e.Some non-A are not B. (T)
7
Consider:Some A are not non-B. (T) All A are non-B.a.Contraposition (T)b.Contrary (F)c.Conversion (T)d.Obversion (T)e.Contradictory (F)
8
Consider:Some non-A are B. (F) Some B are non-A.a.Subcontrary (T)b.Conversion (Und.)c.Contraposition (Und.)d.Conversion (F)e.Contraposition (F)
9Assume Aristotle (Traditional standpoint).Consider:Some A are non-B. (F) Some A are not non-
B. (F)a. Illicit, contraryb. Illicit, subalternationc. Subcontraryd. Illicit, subcontrarye.Contraposition
10No S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint)
After filling in the diagram …a.Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in area 1.b.Areas 1 and 3 are shaded.c.Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in area 2.d.There is an X in area 2.e.Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks.
11All S are P. (Boolean standpoint)
After filling in the diagram …a.Areas 1 and 3 are shaded.b.Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks.c.Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in area 2.d.There is an X in area 2.e.Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks.
12Shade area 2 and place an X in area 1.
Which of the following would be valid inferences:a.shaded area 2.b.an X in area 3.c.an X in area 1.d.shaded 1.e.no X’s or shadings.
13Shade area 1 and place an X in area 2.
Which of the following would be valid inferences:a.shaded area 2.b.an X in area 3.c.shaded area 1, and X in area 2.d.shaded 1.e.no X’s or shadings.
14Assume Aristotle (Traditional standpoint).Consider:No non-A are B. (T) Some non-A are not B.
(F)a. Illicit, subalternationb. Illicit, contradictoryc. Contradictoryd. Illicit, subcontrarye.Conversion
15
Assume Boolean (Modern) standpoint.Consider:No A are B. (T) Some A are B. (F)a.Existential fallacyb.Illicit, contradictoryc. Contradictoryd.Illicit, subcontrarye.Conversion
16
Assume Boolean (Modern) standpoint.Consider:No A are B. (T) All A are B. (F)a.Existential fallacyb.Illicit, contraryc. Contradictoryd.Illicit, subcontrarye.Conversion
17
Assume Aristotle (Traditional standpoint)All red sounds are rough flavors.
Some red sounds are rough flavors.a.Existential fallacyb.Valid, contradictoryc. Valid, subcontraryd.Invalid, subalternatione. Invalid, contrary
18Know these Famous Fallacies:
No Fallacy!Ad Hominem (abusive, circumstantial, you too!)Appeal to Pity (ad misericordiam)Appeal to Force (ad baculum)Appeal to the People (ad populum)Appeal to Unqualified Authority (ad vericumdiam)Faulty Dilemma (compare to ultimatum)CompositionDivisionWeak AnalogyHasty Generalization
19Know these sorts of definition…
RealGenus-DifferenceVerbalOstensiveOperationalStipulativeReportiveEnumerativeEtymologicalSynonymous
20
Know the 3 theories of truth, and their general problems…
21
“There were only 2 people in the room at the time of the murder … we can, therefore, exclude the fact that there was a large crowd in the room at that time.”
Is this a correct, or incorrect use of the notion of a fact?
22
Identify the species, genus, and difference at work in these Genus-Difference definitions…
An elephant is an animal with a trunk
A laptop is a computer made to sit in your lap
22 (continued)
Elephant = animal trunk
Laptop = computer for your lap
Species Genus Difference
Species Genus Difference
23
Read section 4.7 on your own.
You will have 4 sentences to translate, but none of them will involve converting a single statement into 2 categorical propositions.
Good luck!