Midterm Review

Use to complete study

Chapter 1 Definitions1. Cell – The smallest unit that can

perform all of life processes. (page 7)2. Metabolism – The sum of all chemical

processes that occur in an organism. (p 7)

3. Theory – An explanation that is based on observation, experimentation and reasoning (p 19)

4. Hypothesis – An explanation that is based on observations that can be tested. (p 16)

5. Homeostasis – The maintenance of a constant internal environment. (p 8)

6. List the 7 characteristics of life.

Cellular organization

Reproduction

Metabolism

Homeostasis

Heredity

Responsiveness

Growth and Development

Midterm Review

7. What process produces more of the same species?Reproduction

8.Using the following words, place them in order.SUNPLANTPLANT EATERMEAT EATER

9. How and why do scientists design experiments?

With a general idea of the results.

They have expectations for what is going to happen.

10. How do scientists test hypotheses?

By the use of experiments.

These experiments must be able to produce the same results multiple times.

Midterm Review11. In science we often use the word

theory, what does theory mean in science when compared to everyday language?

A theory unites and explains a broad range of observations based on experiments.

Chapter 212. Acidic – Ph less than 7. Example

lemon juice (P 33)13. Basic – Ph greater than 7.

Example soap. (P 33)14. Enzyme – Type of protein that

speeds up metabolic reactions. (P 40)

15. What organic molecules get classified as carbohydrates?

MonosaccharidesDisaccharidesPolysaccharides

ALL CALLED SUGAR

Midterm Review16. How do animals store extra glucose?

Glycogen17. List the two types of nucleic acids

DNARNA

18.What is stored inside of DNA?Hereditary information

19. Describe the shape of the DNA molecule.

Double Helix or

Spiral staircase

Chapter 320. Membrane- Regulates what enters and

exits the cell.21.Nucleus- In eukaryotic cells, a membrane

bound organelle that contains the DNA. (P 58)

22.Chloraplasts- An organelle in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs. (P 66)

23.Organelle-Small body found in the cytoplasm of a cell that are specialized to perform a specific function. (P 58)

Midterm Review24. When using a microscope what

determines if the image is clear or not?

Resolution25. How do we determine the total

magnification of a microscope?Objective lens X eye piece

24. When using a microscope what determines if the image is clear or not?

The resolution.

25. How do we determine the total magnification of a microscope?

Multiply the optical lense magnification by the objective lense magnification.

26. What is considered to be the smallest unit of life?

Cells

27. List the differences between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell.

• Eukaryote Nucleus organelles Linear DNA Large Reproduce slowly

(24+ hours) Examples: Plants,

animals, fungi & protists

• Prokaryote No nucleus No membrane

bound organelles Circular DNA Small Reproduce quickly

(20 min.) Examples: Bacteria

28. What organelle is involved in photosynthesis?

Chloroplasts

Chapter 429 Hypertonic – A solution whose solute

concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside a cell. Causes a cell to shrink. (P 77)

30 Hypotonic – A solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside a cell. Causes a cell to swell (P 77)

31. Describe the process of diffusion.

The movement of a particle from high concentration to low concentration. Form of passive transport. Does not require energy

32. If a molecule is to large to be transported by diffusion how is it absorbed into the cell?

Endocytosis

Chapter 533.ATP – Organic molecule that acts of the

main energy source for cell processes (P 37)

34. Heterotroph – Obtains organic food by eating other organisms. (P 95)

35. Autotroph – Produces its own nutrients from inorganic substances. (P 94)

36.Photosynthesis.- The process by which plants, algea and some bacteria use sunlight and carbon dioxide and water to make carbohydrates and oxygen (P 94)

Midterm Review37. What is energy used for?

Growth, reproduction, movement, active transport

38. What is the ultimate source of energy?

Sun

39. What is glycolysis and what does it produce?

Splitting of a glucose molecule produces 2 pyruvate molecules

40. What happens in the process of cellular respiration?

Breaking down food molecules to release energy.

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 +6H2O + energy

Midterm Review41. When oxygen is present what are the

two stages of cellular respiration ?1. Glycolysis2. Aerobic respiration

42. When oxygen is absent what happens?– Fermentation

Midterm Review43. Cells produce energy more

efficiently in the presence of what?

Oxygen

44. Write the equation for photosynthesis

6CO2 +6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

Carbon + water yields sugar + oxygendioxide

45. Write the equation for cellular respiration.

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 +6H2O + energy

Sugar + Oxygen yields Carbon dioxide +water + energy.