MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT

RELATIONSHIP: IOM’s approach

The migration–development nexus

• Modernisation theory

• Dependency theory

• Human Development

Migration and development theory

Human development approach

• 1990s: UNDP first Human Development Report (1990) introduced concept of human development

• “development of the people for the people by the people” (UNDP, 1993: 3). The process of enlarging people’s choices.

• Income / economic growth = means, not the end, of development.

• No direct link between income growth and human well-being;

• Human beings = means and the ends of development, agents of development - emphasis on self-reliance

Human Development“Human development is the expansion of

people’s freedoms to live long, healthy and creative lives; to advance other goals they have reason to value; and to engage actively in shaping development equitably and sustainably on a shared planet. People are both the beneficiaries and the drivers of human development, as individuals and in groups.”UNDP – Human Development Report (2010)

Migration and human development

• People’s ability to choose the place they call home = human freedom.

• Migration = expression of that freedom.

• People’s (voluntary) decision and ability to move (or not) across borders (and within a nation) = expression of human development, as:

• People need freedoms and resources (social, economic, human, cultural) to move.

• Mobility can enable people to increase their capabilities and freedoms and gain access to other resources, but may also occur under serious constraints.

Levels of Analysis

Enhancing migration’s positive impacts on development

Migration Resources

Social Cultural Human Economic

Areas of focus for IOM

•enabling, engaging and empowering transnational communities as agents for development (includes remittances and skills transfer)

•mainstreaming migration into national and local development planning

•supporting community development in both countries of origin and return

IOM 3 E Diaspora Strategy

• Engaging

• Enabling

• Empowering

Target: “facilitating orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of

people, including through the implementation of planned and well-

managed migration policies.”

Sustainable Development Goal 10 on reducing inequality within and among

countries

Post-2015 Sustainable Development Agenda

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