8/7/2019 Migration Final

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

•

• PRESENTED BY-

•

• Sameer Patil- 31• Anil Patkare - 32

• Abhinita Poojary – 34

• Vaidehi Sakpal– 35•

•

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TOPIC

Migration affectingMetropolitan cities like

Mumbai.•

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““inancial / Commercial / Wealth of India,inancial / Commercial / Wealth of India,

Slum Capital of the World, City thatlum Capital of the World, City that

never sleeps, City Of Dreams, City on theever sleeps, City Of Dreams, City on the

Move, Most Commuter Friendly City, Theove, Most Commuter Friendly City, TheParadise of Public Trans ortaradise of Public Trans ort

mumbaimumbaiMumbaiMumbai

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 What is Migration ??????•

• Migration is the movement of people from one

place in the world to another for the purpose

of taking up permanent or semi permanent

residence, usually across a political

boundary.

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Types of MIGRATION• Internal Migration.

• External Migration.

• Emigration.

• Immigration.

• Population transfer.• Step Migration.

• Chain Migration.

• Return Migration.• Seasonal Migration.

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Types of MIGRATION

• Voluntary migration – The migrant makes the decision to move. – Most migration is voluntary. – Push and Pull Factors determine whom and

where.

–

• Forced Migration – Involuntary migration in which the mover has no

role in the decision-making process. – Slavery.

• About 11 million African slaves were brought to theAmericas between 1519 and 1867.

• In 1860, there were close to 4 million slaves in theUnited States.

 – Refugees. – Military conscription. – Children of migrants.

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Types of MIGRATION ..Contd

• Circular migration

 – A type of temporarymigration.

–

 – Associated withagriculturalwork.

–

 – The migrantfollows theharvest of various crops,moving fromone place to

another eachtime.

Fall / Winter

Spring Summer

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.

•Video

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Reasons to move?

• To find work.

• Earn money to send home (Remittances).

• Shortage of land, food or opportunities is rural areas.

• Freedom from traditional rural society.

• Pull of the bright lights.

• War, Natural disasters.

• Hope to receive support from Govt or NGO’s in theevent of food shortages.

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 Spatial Variation in

Migration.•

• Maharashtra, Delhi, Gujarat and Haryana havelargest net in Migrants.

• Largest numbers of out Migrants are from statessuch as Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.

• Among the Urban agglomeration (UA), Greater 

Mumbai received the higher number of in Migrants• Intra state in Migrants are largest in Greater Mumbai 

 

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Reasons of Migration to metropolitan city.Push Factor 

• Poverty.

• High Population.

• Pressure on the land.

• Lack of basis Infrastructural Facilities like health and education.

• Natural disasters such as flood, droughts, Cyclonic storms,earthquake and local conflict also give extra push to migrate.

•

Pull Factors

• Better Job opportunities.• Availability of regular work and relatively high wages.

• Better opportunities for education, better health facilities andsources of entertainment.

 

 

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Net Migration to Mumbai City (In Lakhs) 

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tion in census of India.

f Birth is different from the place of enumeration (30% of Total Population

nce – If the place of last residence is different from the place of enumerati

der the Internal Migration

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Social Consequences

• Causes anonymity, which creates social vacuum and sense of dejectionamong individuals.

• Continued feeling of dejection may motivate people to fall in the trap of anti-social activities like crime and drug abuse.

• Affects women more in rural areas Environmental Consequences

• Overcrowding put pressure on the existing social and physicalinfrastructure in the metropolitan cities.

• Unplanned growth of urban settlement and formation of slums colonies

• Due to over exploitation of natural resources cities are facing the acuteproblem of depletion of ground water, air Pollution and disposal of sewage and management of solid wastes.

  

•

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• Consequences of migration on metropolitan city

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• Economic Consequences 

• Unregulated migration to the metropolitan cities of India has causedovercrowding.

• Development of slums in industrially developed states such asMaharashtra Gujarat and Delhi is the result of unregulated migration.

• The under-development gets even worse due to out migration of skilledpeople.

• Demographic Consequences

• Results in imbalances in sex composition due to selective male or female

migration.• Rural areas face shortage of skilled People because most of skilled and

semi skilled people migrate to urban areas.

 

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Advantages of Migration to Cities where peoplemigrated•

• Income generation

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• Availability of cheap labour for Industry.

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• Use of skill and talent of migrated people.

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• Migrants act as agents of social change. The new ideas related to newtechnologies, family planning, girl’s education, etc. get spread from urbanto rural areas through them.

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• Migration also leads to intermixing of people from diverse cultures and

results in the evolution of composite culture.•

• The mind set of people changes. They start thinking broadly and the narrowviews changes.

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Disadvantages of Migration to Cities in which peoplemigrate.

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• Increase in Density of Population leading to slums.

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• Excessive use of resources, like land, water, fuel and electricity.

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• Unemployement

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• Increase in crime, thus security issues arises.

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• Adverse effect on health of local resident.

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• Illiteracy. (eg.Chinoy College)

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• Arises infrastructure problem.

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§ Non payment of tax by migrated people.

§ Effect on environment.

§ Outflow of revenue.

§ Illegal resident.

§ The under-development gets even worse due to out migration

of skilled people.

§ Unregulated migration to the metropolitan cities of India has

caused overcrowding.

§

§

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Solution on Migration Problem.

• Creation of employment Opportunities in every part of the country.

• Infrastructure development is required in those cities from where people

are migrating and also in those cities in which people are migrating.

• Good education facilities should be provided.

• Governance required on activities of development of the each state.

• Issuance of work permit for migrating people for fixed period.

• Government should introduce policy which keeps a check on migration

of people from one city to another.

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Thank you…Thank you…