Date post: | 19-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
View: | 214 times |
Download: | 0 times |
DEADLINES!
• February 22 [today]: submission of optional take-home exams
• March 1 [next week]: deadline for analytical papers
NEWS FLASHES• ALBA Summit (Havana)
Statements by Fidel and Raúl
Struggle for relevance (what with Obama)
Issues: Colombia, Honduras
Present: Cuba, Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador, “several” Caribbean nations
• Unity Summit for LAC (Cancún)Alternative to OAS
Exclusion of USA and Canada (!)
Issues: Honduras, Haiti, Falkland/Malvinas Islands
READING
• Smith, Talons, ch. 8
• Jorge Castañeda, ExMex: From Migrants to Immigrants, ch. 8 (Course Reader 6)
I. PATTERNS OF MIGRATION
INTRODUCTION
THE NUMBERS GAME(S)• Flows• Stocks• Proportions• Costs and benefits• Rates of assimilation
EMOTIONAL ISSUES AND POLITICAL DEBATES
•Ethnicity vs. melting pots•Diversity vs. tradition•Fairness vs. efficiency
NAFTA AND MEXICAN MIGRATION
•Claims and expectations•Preliminary realities•Hypotheses and prognostications
2 000 4 000 6 000 8 000
10 000 12 000 14 000 16 000 18 000 20 000 22 000 24 000 26 000 28 000
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2002 2003
Mill
ones
Mexican-Origin Population in United States, 1900-2003
Mx-born (9.9)
1 02 ° 9 8° 9 4°1 06 °1 10 ° 9 0° 8 6°1 14 °
3 0°
2 6°
2 2°
1 8°
E s t a d o s U n i d o s d e A m é r i c a
G o l f o d e M é x i c o
T ró p i c o d e C án ce r
B e l ic e
E sc a l a 1 :1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
O c é a n o P a c í fi c o G u a te m a la
1 02 ° 9 8° 9 4°1 06 °1 10 ° 9 0°1 14 °
3 0°
2 6°
2 2°
1 8°
Go l f o d e C a l i f o r n i a
(Ma r d e C o r t é s )
2 0 0 0 2 0 0 k m
Regional Origin of Mexican Migrants
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
12 000
14 000
16 000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Años
Remittances to Mexico, 1990-2003
MIGRATION AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS
• Context: joblessness everywhere• New entries down (not due to border
enforcement, since 95% of migrants without papers get through)
• Return migration stable (despite concern in Mexico about major increase)
• Within USA, unemployment among Latino men > Anglo men
II. QUESTIONS OF PUBLIC POLICY
DIMENSIONS
• ~12 million illegal immigrants in U.S.• 55-60% from Mexico• 25% of Mexico’s able-bodied male workforce now
in U.S.• U.S.-Mexican wage ratio ~ 8:1 or 10:1
THE RANGE OF POLICY CHOICE: LEGAL MIGRATION
•Revise legal quotas•Revise criteria for entry
THE RANGE OF POLICY CHOICE: ILLEGAL MIGRATION
•Strategies for restriction:
Building fencesBlocking corridors (e.g., Operation Gatekeeper)Withdrawing incentives and benefits (e.g., Prop 187)Punishing employers
•Strategies for opening:
Augmenting quotasGuest-worker programsEliminating barriers
•Strategies for reduction:
Targeting economic developmentCirculating informationAdditional steps?
Bush on Migration:
Phase 1: The Whole Enchilada (January-September 11, 2001)
Phase 2: Focus on Security
Phase 3: The Second Term
•Temporary amnesty for those here and employed
•Guest-worker program
•Eventual path to citizenship