Migration to the CDB Architecture

Migration to the CDB Architecture

30-APR-2020

Mike DietrichMaster Product ManagerDatabase Upgrade and Migrations@MikeDietrichDE

Laura Garcia VillarealOU PreSales Manager

Mike Dietrich

Master Product ManagerDatabase Upgrade and Migrations https://MikeDietrichDE.com

@MikeDietrichDECopyright © 2020 Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Slides | https://MikeDietrichDE.com

Copyright © 2020 Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Agenda

AutoUpgrade and CDB Migration

Oracle Multitenant

Further Information


1

2

3

AutoUpgrade


The recommended way to upgrade databases

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Download | Get the latest autoupgrade.jar

• MOS Note: 2485457.1


https://support.oracle.com/epmos/faces/DocumentDisplay?id=2485457.1

Upgrade | AutoUpgrade


upg>

Job Console

11.2.0.412.1.0.2

12.2.0.1

18c

autoupgrade.jarMOS Note: 2485457.1

2MB

config.cfg

autoupgrade.jar

12.2.0.1

18.5.0

19c

19c


AutoUpgrade to Oracle 19c

Migration to Oracle Multitenant


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Oracle Multitenant | Oracle 19c

• You don't have to use Oracle Single-/Multitenant with Oracle 19c

• Oracle 18c and Oracle 19c belong to the Oracle Database 12.2 release family

• For further details see MOS Note: 742060.1



And by the way …

• Since Oracle 19c you can have 3 user-created PDBs without need for a Multitenant license!!!

• https://mikedietrichde.com/2019/09/17/3-pdbs-included-with-oracle-19c-and-desupport-of-non-cdbs-with-20c/


https://mikedietrichde.com/2019/09/17/3-pdbs-included-with-oracle-19c-and-desupport-of-non-cdbs-with-20c/

Upgrade to 19c | Migration to Multitenant


Oracle 11.2.04

AutoUpgrade

Oracle 19.7.0

CDB

PDB$SEED

Oracle 19.7.0

CDB

PDB$SEED

1 ⃣ 2 ⃣ Plug into CDB

3️ ⃣ noncdb_to_pdb.sql

Oracle 19.7.0

Conversion with

AutoUpgrade One-Command Orchestration

AutoUpgrade | Migration to Multitenant

• Use this parameter in your config file• The receiving CDB must be precreated already

#

# Specify the SID of the target CDB to plug into after upgrade

#

upg2.target_cdb=CDB2


Agenda


Oracle Multitenant

Further Information


1

2

3

Migration

Oracle Multitenant


• Non-CDB• No change to

previous releases


Oracle Multitenant | Deployments 19c

• CDB: Three Tenants• No extra license

• Available with SE2 / EE

• Three user-created PDBs included

• SPFILE: max_pdbs=3

• CDB: Multitenant• Multitenant license

required

• Available with EE only

• Up to 252 PDBs

• Up to 4096 PDBs in the Cloud and on Engineered Systems

PDB$SEED

PDB$SEED

…

Oracle Multitenant | Concept

CDB1

PDB$SEED

CDB2

PDB$SEED

CDB3

PDB$SEED

PDB$SEED


Redo Control Flashbackspfile

PDB$SEED

Oracle Multitenant | Resource Sharing


Oracle Multitenant | Connecting

• CDB$ROOT• $> sqlplus / as sysdba

• PDB• $> sqlplus "sys/oracle@PDB1 as sysdba"

• $> sqlplus "sys/oracle@//localhost/pdb1 as sysdba"

• $> export TWO_TASK=pdb1

$> sqlplus "sys/oracle as sysdba"

• Switch between containers• SQL> alter session set container=pdb1;

• SQL> alter session set container=cdb$root;

CDB

PDB$SEED

CDB

PDB$SEED

CDB

PDB$SEED


Oracle Multitenant | Resource Manager

• Memory Management• SGA_MIN_SIZE - minimum sga size

• IO Resource Managment [IORM]• MAX_IOPS - maximum I/O requests per second

• MAX_MBPS - maximum MB per second of I/O

• Can't be set in the CDB$ROOT and on Exadata

• Can be dynamically altered

• CPU Consumption• CPU_COUNT - number of cpu cores

Can be set onPDB level


Oracle Multitenant | Components/Options

• Create CDBs with fewer options: DBCA's "CUSTOM" mode creation• https://mikedietrichde.com/2018/08/08/creating-cdbs-non-cdbs-with-

less-options/


https://mikedietrichde.com/2018/08/08/creating-cdbs-non-cdbs-with-less-options/


• Only "Advanced Configuration" + "Custom Database" gives you:


Be aware!

Be really aware!


• Remove or add options• https://mikedietrichde.com/2017/07/26/remove-clean-components-

oracle-11-2-12-2/


Oracle Multitenant | catcon.pl

• Execute scripts with catcon.pl• MOS Note: 1932340.1 - How to execute sql scripts in Multitenant environment

(catcon.pl)

• Example: Run preupgrade_fixups.sql in all containers

$> $ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin/perl

$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catcon.pl

-n 1

-d $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs/UPGR/preupgrade

-l /home/oracle/upgrade

-b preupfix

preupgrade_fixups.sql



Oracle Multitenant | Local Undo

• Default since Oracle 12.2.0.1• Requirement for Flashback Pluggable Database, Hot Cloning and other features

• In STARTUP UPGRADE mode: SQL> alter database local undo ON;

SYSTEM

SYSAUX

TEMP

UNDO

DATA

SYSTEM

SYSAUX

TEMP

UNDO

DATA

SYSTEM

SYSAUX

TEMP

UNDO

CDB

PDB$SEED


Oracle Multitenant | Creation of a PDB

• Fast provisioning:

• Admin user can be deleted afterwards

• PDB is ready to use within seconds

create pluggable database PDB1

admin user adm identified by pwd

file_name_convert=('pdbseed',’pdb1');

CDB1

PDB$SEEDPDB$SEED


• Local cloning:

• parallel can speed up the process• Default: cpu_count

• Monitoring in v$session_longops

• kpdbfCopyTaskCbk (datafile copy)

• kcrfremnoc (redo file copy)

Oracle Multitenant | Cloning of a PDB

• Remote cloning via Database Link:

create pluggable database PDB2 from

PDB1 file_name_convert=('pdb1','pdb2')

parallel 8;

create pluggable database PDB1 from

PDB1@dblink_to_cdb1

file_name_convert=('CDB1','CDB2');

CDB1

PDB$SEEDPDB$SEED

CDB1

PDB$SEED

CDB2

PDB$SEED


Oracle Multitenant | Hot Cloning insightsP P P P P

P P P P

P P P

PP P

DataFile2DataFile1 Undo

− Source PDB remains open for read and write− Read and copy in parallel− On-going operations imply a “dirty read”− Some data changes not included in initial file copy− Ship and apply redo to catch up with source− Apply undo to rollback uncommitted transactions

DataFile1 DataFile2Undo

Redo Log

P P P P P

P P P P

P P P

PP P

P P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

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Legend

Uncommitted blockchanged in intervalBlock changed in intervalCommitted in intervalUncommitted redoUndo written in intervalCommitted in interval

P

P


Oracle Multitenant | Relocate a PDB

• Relocate via Database Link:create pluggable database PDB1 from PDB1@dblink_to_cdb1

relocate availability max

file_name_convert=('/oradata/CDB1/pdb1','/oradata/CDB2/pdb1');

CDB1

PDB$SEED

CDB2

PDB$SEED

Redo

Redo


Oracle Multitenant | Upgrade and Plugin

• Upgrade non-CDB to CDB version

• Start database read only

• Create XML manifest file

• Shutdown database

• Plug into CDB

• Sanity script

• https://mikedietrichde.com/2017/03/08/converting-an-12-1-non-cdb-and-plug-it-into-an-12-2-cdb/

exec DBMS_PDB.DESCRIBE('PDB1.xml');

create pluggable database PDB1

using ('PDB1.xml') nocopy tempfile reuse;

start ?/rdbms/admin/noncdb_to_pdb.sql

CDB1

PDB$SEED

PDB1

xml

Read Only

noncdb_to_pdb.sql


https://mikedietrichde.com/2017/03/08/converting-an-12-1-non-cdb-and-plug-it-into-an-12-2-cdb/

../../../../TEMP/plugin_upgraded_database/plugin_upgraded_database_viewlet_swf.html

Oracle Multitenant | noncdb_to_pdb.sql

• Sanity script when plugging in a stand-alone database

• Irreversible

• Runs only once in the life of a database

• Rerunnable starting with 12.2

• Runtime depends ...

• See also:https://mikedietrichde.com/2017/06/08/noncdb_to_pdb-sql-take-long/


https://mikedietrichde.com/2017/06/08/noncdb_to_pdb-sql-take-long/

Oracle Multitenant | Full Transportable Export/Import

• Create a new PDB

• Create a database link

• Set tablespaces read only in source

• Copy data files

• Run impdp:impdp oow/passwd@PDB1

NETWORK_LINK=DB1 VERSION=12 FULL=Y

TRANSPORTABLE=ALWAYS METRICS=Y

LOGFILE=oow_dir:src112fullimp.log

TRANSPORT_DATAFILES='/oradata/ts1.dbf' …

CDB1

PDB$SEED

TablespacesRead Only

Datab

ase Link

impdp


Oracle Multitenant | Upgrade

Everything at once Unplug + Plug + Upgrade

CDB1

PDB$SEED

CDB1

PDB$SEED

PDB$SEED

CDB1

PDB$SEED

CDB2

PDB$SEED

PDB$SEED

Upgrade

UpgradeUpgrade

Upgrade

Upgrade


Oracle Multitenant | PDB Archive

• Unplug the PDB including all files

• See also:https://mikedietrichde.com/2017/05/22/issue-with-pdb-archives-in-oracle-12-2-0-1-in-asm

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1

UNPLUG INTO '/home/oracle/pdb1.pdb'

$ unzip pdb1.pdb

Archive: pdb1.pdb

inflating: system01.dbf

inflating: sysaux01.dbf

inflating: undotbs01.dbf

warning: stripped absolute path spec from /home/oracle/pdb1.xml

inflating: home/oracle/pdb1.xml


https://mikedietrichde.com/2017/05/22/issue-with-pdb-archives-in-oracle-12-2-0-1-in-asm

Oracle Multitenant | Save State

• You need to startup a PDB• ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 OPEN;

• By default PDBs need to be started manually• ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 SAVE STATE;

• This preserves the last state of a PDB

• ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 DISCARD STATE;

• This removes any state preservation


Oracle Multitenant | CON_ID

• Views:• USER_...

• ALL_...

• DBA_...

• CDB_... - CDB_views have CON_ID column• Plus some very creative names: PDB_...

• CON_ID

• 0: Pertains to the entire database

• 1: Object belongs to CDB$ROOT container

• 2: Object belongs to PDB$SEEDSet _exclude_seed_cdb_view=FALSE to see PDB$SEED's objects

• 3-4096: Object belongs to PDB with this CON_ID


Oracle Multitenant | Character Sets

• Since Oracle 12.2.0.1:• Mix of different character sets is possible

• CDB$ROOT must be AL32UTF8 to allow mixtures

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Oracle Multitenant | Flashback PDB

• Requirement: Local Undo configured

• How to?• SQL> alter session set container=PDB1;

• SQL> create restore point GRP guarantee flashback database;

• <…do something …>

• SQL> shutdown immediate

• SQL> flashback pluggable database PDB1 to restore point GRP;

• SQL> alter pluggable database PDB1 open resetlogs; *

• SQL> drop restore point GRP;


Multitenant | Silent Compatible Change

• Be aware when youunplug/plug betweendifferent environments• Default COMPATIBLE=19.0.0

• PDB's COMPATIBLE = CDB$ROOT's COMPATIBLE

No issue

• PDB's COMPATIBLE < CDB$ROOT's COMPATIBLE

PDB's COMPATIBLE will be increased automatically

No PDB downgrade will be possible in this case!

• PDB's COMPATIBLE > CDB$ROOT's COMPATIBLE

PDB can't be plugged in


Au

tom

atically

COMPATIBLE=12.2.0

COMPATIBLE=19.0.0

COMPATIBLE=19.0.0

CDB1

PDB$SEED

CDB2

PDB$SEED

Migration Strategies

Migration to and Fallback with Oracle Multitenant


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Move to Multitenant | High Level Overview

• Two approaches• Upgrade to matching version of CDB, then plugin as new PDB, then run sanity

script

• Migrate directly into PDB with Data Pump, TTS or FTEX

• Every approach requires unpredictable, often significant downtime• Can be reduced with Oracle GoldenGate

• Proven upgrade fallback strategies don't work• Export/import with Data Pump necessary as fallback

• Oracle GoldenGate can be used on top


Move to Multitenant | Typical Pitfalls

• DB components (e.g. Spatial, Label Security, Java etc.) not matching

• Patch levels

• noncdb_to_pdb.sql requires downtime

• Some features work differently • Unified Auditing

• Standby implementation, especially in ASM

• Performance monitoring, e.g. AWR


Move to Multitenant | Your "best" friend

• PDB_PLUG_IN_VIOLATIONS• select con_id, type, message, status from PDB_PLUG_IN_VIOLATIONS

where status<>'RESOLVED' order by time;


Non-CDB to CDB | Migrate with any technique

• Includes Data Pump, Transportable Tablespaces etc.

Oracle 10.1.0.2

Provisionnew PDB

Oracle 19.5.0

CDB

PDB$SEED

1⃣

2⃣ Migrate


Move to Multitenant | TTS MigrationSource - non-CDB Target - PDB

Views

Code

Grants

Trigger

DATATS

Alter UserCreate User

Set tablespaces read-only

Copy tablespace files DATATS

Export/import tablespace content info

Set tablespaces read-write

Rebuild logic (code, views, grants, roles, synonyms etc)

Views

Code

Grants

Trigger

Create new CDB/PDB

PDB$SEED

PDB


Non-CDB to CDB | Data Pump with Dumpfile

Oracle 11.2.0.4

Provisionnew PDB

Oracle 19.3.0

CDB

PDB$SEED

1⃣

2⃣ expdp

DUMP FILE DUMP FILE

3⃣ impdp


Non-CDB to CDB | Data Pump over NETWORK_LINK

Oracle 11.2.0.4

Provisionnew PDB

Oracle 19.3.0

CDB

PDB$SEED

1⃣2⃣

3⃣impdp withNETWORK_LINK

CreateDB Link


Non-CDB to CDB | Fallback: Data Pump w. dumpfile

Oracle 11.2.0.4

Oracle 19.3.0

CDB

PDB$SEED

1⃣2⃣expdp withVERSION=11.2.0.4

DUMP FILE DUMP FILE

impdp


Non-CDB to CDB | Upgrade

Oracle 11.2.0.4

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Oracle 19.5.0

Oracle 19.5.0

CDB

PDB$SEED

Oracle 19.5.0

CDB

PDB$SEED

1️ ⃣

2️ ⃣ Plug into CDB



Non-CDB to CDB | Upgrade - Fallback

Oracle 11.2.0.4

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Oracle 19.5.0

Oracle 19.5.0

CDB

PDB$SEED

Oracle 19.5.0

CDB

PDB$SEED

1️ ⃣

2️ ⃣ Plug into CDB


Flashbackto GRP


Move to Multitenant | Fallback for upgrades?

• Move to Multitenant is always a "Migration"

• Usual techniques don't exist• No downgrade

• No flashback to GRP

• Only available options• Data Pump export/import

• Oracle GoldenGate


A typical example from the Real World

Migrating to Oracle Multitenant with a distant physical standby database in place


Non-CDB to CDB with Standby | Initial Setup

Oracle 12.1.0.2

PROD10 TB size

Oracle 12.1.0.2

STBDY10 TB size

100 km distanceMaximum Protection


Non-CDB to CDB with Standby | AutoUpgrade

Oracle 19.7.0

PROD

Oracle 12.1.0.2

STBDY

Disable Broker - Defer Log Transport


Oracle 12.1.0.2

PROD

Non-CDB to CDB with Standby | Upgrade

Oracle 19.7.0

PRODOracle 12.1.0.2

STBDY

Oracle 19.7.0

PROD

Enable Log TransportEnable Broker


Non-CDB to CDB with Standby | Upgrade

Oracle 12.1.0.2

STBDY

Oracle 19.7.0

PRODOracle 19.7.0

STBDY

Up

grad

evi

a R

edo

Ap

ply


Non-CDB to CDB with Standby | Creation of CDB

Oracle 19.7.0

PRODOracle 19.7.0

STBDY

Oracle 19.7.0

PRODOracle 19.7.0

STBDY

CDB

PDB$SEED

CDB

PDB$SEED


Non-CDB to CDB with Standby | Conversion

Oracle 19.7.0

PRODOracle 19.7.0

STBDY

Oracle 19.7.0

PRODOracle 19.7.0

STBDY

CDB

PDB$SEED

CDB

PDB$SEED

PDB1

xml

Read Only

noncdb_to_pdb.sql

(runtime varies)

ASMAliasList

Execute in standby ASM instance

>> DOWNTIME <<


Non-CDB to CDB with Standby | Plugin of STBY

Oracle 19.7.0

PRODOracle 19.7.0

STBDY

Oracle 19.7.0

PRODOracle 19.7.0

STBDY

CDB

PDB$SEED

CDB

PDB$SEED

>> DOWNTIME <<


Non-CDB to CDB with Standby | Plugin of STBY

• Read more …• Data Guard PM:

http://www.stepi.net/2019/06/08/to-cdb-or-not-to-cdb-thats-the-question/

• MAA Team:MOS Note: 2273304.1Reusing the Source Standby Database Files When Plugging a non-CDB as a PDB into the Primary Database of a Data Guard Configuration


http://www.stepi.net/2019/06/08/to-cdb-or-not-to-cdb-thats-the-question/


Move to Multitenant | Summary

• Every migration is an architectural change

• Every migration requires downtime• Incremental backup procedures can lower migration downtime

• Oracle GoldenGate can help decreasing the downtime


Agenda


Oracle Multitenant

Further Information


1

2

3

https://mikedietrichde.com/2019/07/22/database-migration-from-non-cdb-to-pdb-overview/






Further Information

Finally …


Slides | https://MikeDietrichDE.com


HOL | https://MikeDietrichDE.com


Questions?

Thank you for your attention!



68

Oracle UniversityTraining Solutions

Laura Garcia VillarrealOU PreSales ManagerApril [email protected]


Introducing Oracle University

Learning Methods

Oracle Database Multitenant Training

Program Agenda

Introducing Oracle University

Oracle University is the official provider of training and certification for Oracle technologies and products.


Oracle University Provides Training Options for Every Learner and Business

Training On Demand

Recorded courses available via streaming for 90 days

Learning Subscription

Digital learning modules available via streaming for 1 year

Classroom Training

Traditional instructor-led training

Live Virtual Class

Instructor-led courses via Internet

Self-study Learning Instructor-led Training

Blended LearningCombination of instructor-led and self-study learning


30% Discount on Oracle Learning Subscriptions until May 31st 2020

➢ Pre-recorded Videos

➢ Captions and transcript

➢ Skill Checks

➢ Virtual Labs

➢ Course Manual

➢ Ask the Instructor

Multitenant Training

• Inside Database Administration training path

• Versions supported: 19c, 18c and 12c

• 4 days training

• Main topics: CDB basics, PDB Creation, Security, Upgrades Methods, Backup&Duplicate, Storage, Data Movement…

• Multitenant environment available to run labs


Questions?

Thank you for your attention!



75

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Laura Garcia VillarrealOU PreSales ManagerApril [email protected]

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Migration to the CDB Architecture

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