www.ecn.nl  

MILENA GASIFICATION

Bram  van  der  Dri0  2  October  2014  BGE,  Alkmaar,  The  Netherlands  

BIOMASS DOES NOT FIT! we need a trick

The  world  is  based  on  coal,  natural  gas,  oil  

•  GasificaEon  converts  solid  fuel  to  gaseous  fuel  •  Opens  the  door  to  exisEng  energy  systems:  

–  Boilers  –  Engines  –  Turbines  –  Chemistry  –  Fuels  –  Refineries  –  Steel  industry  

GASIFICATION

3  

wood,  agricultural  residues,  waste,  coal,  …  

H2,  CO,  CH4,  …  

ECN develop-operate-license

•  Develops  gasificaEon  technology:  –  MILENA,  CFB,  OLGA,  biomass-­‐to-­‐SNG,  waste-­‐to-­‐power,  bioAromaEcs,  …  •  Operates  small  (1-­‐10  kg/h)  and  large  (50-­‐150  kg/h)  test  faciliEes  •  Licenses  technologies:  

–  Royal  Dahlman,  Thermax,  HoSt  

 •  Acts  as  consultant  for  third  parEes  •  Performs  specialized  analyses  on  gases,  on-­‐site  •  Performs  Due  Diligence  for  e.g.  investors  

ECN DEVELOPMENTS commercially available innovations

•  GasificaEon  concept:  MILENA  –  Unique  for  its  solid  fuel  flexibility  in  terms  of  size,  shape,  sort  –  Tested  with  wood,  straw,  waste,  plasEc,  grass,  coal,  lignite,  …  –  Very  high  efficiency  due  to  complete  conversion  –  High  heaEng  value  gas  (N2-­‐free),  yet  operaEng  with  air  –  Compact  and  cheap  –  Commercially  available  from  Royal  Dahlman  and  Thermax  

•  Gas  cleaning  concept:  OLGA  –  Complete  tar  removal  –  Complete  parEcles  removal  –  No  loss  of  gases  –  Commercially  available  from  Royal  Dahlman  

www.m

ilena

techno

logy.com

 www.olgatechn

olog

y.com  

ECN DEVELOPMENTS new innovations

•  Upgrading  to  natural  gas  quality  (SNG):  –  Complete  system  available  from  biomass  to  bio-­‐NaturalGas  

(other  words:  Green  Gas,  bioSNG,  bioMethane,  Renewable  Natural  Gas)  

–  Preparing  4  MW  demonstraEon  plant  in  Alkmaar,  NL  

•  Co-­‐producEon  of  bio-­‐chemicals:  –  SeparaEon/producEon  of  bio-­‐aromaEcs    –  SeparaEon/producEon  of  bio-­‐ethylene  –  ProducEon  of  bio-­‐diesel  (Fischer-­‐Tropsch)  –  ProducEon  of  bio-­‐LNG  (Liquefied  Natural  Gas)    

 

   

     

MILENA  gasifier   OLGA  tar  removal   HDS  reactor  Further  gas  cleaning  

Methanation  reactors  

1  bar   1  bar   6  bar   6  bar   6  bar    

www.m

bioSNG.com  

BioSNG

SCALE natural gas (equivalent) capacity

1  MW   10  MW   100  MW   1  GW   10  GW   100  GW  

102   103   104   105   107   108   Nm3/h  

DigesEon  (biogas)  

Small  gas  field  

Shell  GtL  Pearl  Qatar  

Thermal  gasificaEon  

Slochteren    field  (NL)  

SNG  plant  CHP  plant  

0.001   0.01   0.1   1   10   100   bcm/y  

NL   EU  

WHAT IS bioSNG?

•  BioSNG  =  Green  Gas,  BioMethane,  Renewable  Natural  Gas  •  BioSNG  is  idenEcal  to  Natural  Gas  (NG):  

–  It  is  totally  exchangeable  and  miscible  with  NG  –  It  can  be  transported  together  with  NG  –  It  can  be  stored  together  with  NG  –  It  is  used  as  NG  •  It  is  made  from  biomass  

Other  facts:  •  Can  be  made  with  high  efficiency  •  Proven  technology  for  coal  

SNG is HOT! proven technology for coal

•  China  in  2016:    020  bcm/y  SNG  •  China  2020  target:    100  bcm/y  SNG  •  China  plans:    200  bcm/y  SNG  •  All  coal-­‐to-­‐SNG  •  Typical  size:  4  bcm/y  =  5  GW  gas  •  Other  plants  in  US,  Korea  

•  Commercially  available  technology  (coal)  •  BioSNG  interest,  mainly  in  Europe  

SNG Synthetic Natural Gas

•  For  power  producEon  •  For  (high-­‐T)  heat  producEon  •  For  chemistry  •  For  transport  

•  With  exisEng  infra  •  With  storage  •  With  quality  control  •  With  secure  supply  

BIOMASS-to-SNG complete operating facility at ECN

 

   

     

MILENA  gasifier   OLGA  tar  removal   HDS  reactor  Further  gas  cleaning  

Methanation  reactors  

1  bar   1  bar   6  bar   6  bar   6  bar    

70%  energy  efficiency  from  wood  to  bioSNG  

Natural  Gas  in  

10  seconds!  

DEMONSTRATION PLANT 4 MW wood-to-SNG plant in Alkmaar (NL)

MILENA gasification

KEY IDEA: char waste becomes fuel

15  

+

25%

75%

energy production:

fuel + air (λ > 1) à flue gas + heat

energy consumption:

fuel + heat à gas

gasification:

fuel + air (λ~0.3) à gas + char/coke

+ char/coke

RESULT: SUPERIOR EFFICIENCY and relaxed conversion requirements

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Cold  Gas  Efficien

cy

Fraction  of  carbon  converted  into  combustible  gas  (CO)

 2nd  generation  gasification

 1st    generation  gasification

•  Case:  pure  C  as  fuel  •  C  is  either:  -­‐  gasified  to  H2/CO  -­‐  combusted  (air)  -­‐  lost  

•  Energy  producEon  and  energy  consumpEon  is  matched  

•  1G:  half  the  non-­‐gasified  C  is  combusted  

•  2G:  all  the  non-­‐gasified  C  is  combusted  

•  Energy  deficiency  (if  any)  is  covered  by  combusEon  of  gas  

MILENA:  superior  efficiency  

MILENA TECHNOLOGY

17  

BONUS MOLECULES

HYDROCARBONS because the conversion temperature is <<1000°C

molecules  more  valuable  than  CH4  

also  worth  m

ore  than  CH4

 ?!  

“instant”  natural  gas:  +10%  energy  efficiency!    

BENEFIT of separating the valuable molecules

1.  Increased  income  

2.  Higher  efficiency  

3.  Simpler  process  

Methane:  6  €/GJ  Ethylene,  Benzene:  22  €/GJ  

Steam  demand  reduces  0.05  MW  steam/MW  biomass  

Several  catalyEc  reactors  omiqed  

CONCLUSIONS

•  Whereas  Natural  Gas  is  considered  a  transiEon  energy  source  itself,  bioSNG  makes  this  even  beqer.  •  Biomass  is  a  perfect  feedstock  for  producing  bioSNG,  since  it  produces  much  methane  instantly  when  heated.  •  MILENA  is  a  technology  with  superior  efficiency,  without  the  need  for  air  separaEon,  and  without  combusEble  waste.  

•  Energy  and  chemicals  make  a  perfect  marriage:  synergy  in  many  aspects  –  AromaEcs  co-­‐producEon  can  reduce  producEon  costs  of  SNG  by  25%  

•  SNG  and  P2G  make  a  smart  couple:  cheap  and  simple  outlet  for  excess  H2  –  Power-­‐to-­‐Gas  can  increase  biomass-­‐to-­‐SNG  yield  with  100%  

CONCLUSIONS

•  A  complete  wood-­‐to-­‐BioSNG  facility  is  operated  at  ECN  in  Peqen  (NL).  •  An  up-­‐scaled  demonstraEon  plant  is  planned  in  Alkmaar  (NL).    

•  InVesta  is  the  innova=on  center  a?ached  to  the  Alkmaar  plant,  to  test  inven=ons,  train  people,  house  students,  show  visitors  around,  …  

THANKS FOR THE ATTENTION

publicaEons:  www.ecn.nl/publicaEons        fuel  composiEon  database:  www.phyllis.nl  tar  dew  point  calculator:  www.thersites.nl  IEA  bioenergy/gasificaEon:  www.ieatask33.org    Milena  indirect  gasifier:  www.milenatechnology.com  OLGA:  www.olgatechnology.com  /  www.renewableenergy.nl    SNG:  www.bioSNG.com  /www.bioCNG.com        

Bram  van  der  Dri,    ECN  Westerduinweg  3  P.O.  Box  1  1755  LE  Peqen  1755  ZG  Peqen  The  Netherlands  The  Netherlands      T  +31  224  56  45  15  vanderdri0@ecn.nl    M  +31  610  909  927    www.ecn.nl  

23