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Presented by:
Jennifer Hill
Jedediah Hinkley
Hyun Namkoong
Deshira Wallace
MILITARY SEXUAL TRAUMA
1. Report ing
2. Whistleblower Protection Act
3. Universal Screening Policy
4. Media Advocacy Strategies
5. Social Marketing Strategies
6. All ies & Opponents
7. Timeline
8. Next Steps
MILITARY
SEXUAL
TRAUMA
(Liveyourdream.org)
EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM
1.26,000 estimated sexual assaults in 2012
2.Sexual assault is an incident,
not a diagnosis
3.Negative health outcomes
PROBLEM POLICY ADVOCACY MARKETING BIG PICTURE
(Liveyourdream.org)
("Department of Defense," 2013)
1,000 sexual
assaults 1,000 combat
wounds
Total: 34,000 sexual assaults in
2006 alone
Total: 32,000 combat wounds
from entire Iraq War
PROBLEM POLICY ADVOCACY MARKETING BIG PICTURE
(Platt & Allard, 2011)
Num
ber
of S
erv
ice M
em
bers
(S
M)
1,3
99,6
22 Male
SM
1,1
95,3
13 (
85
%)
Fe
ma
le S
M
204
,30
9 (
15
%)
~94,804
(Prevalence)
M: 4% reported SA
since enlistment
F: 23% reported SA
since enlistment
~26,000
(Incidence)
F: 27% reported
SA in 2012 (6.1%
of total SM)
M: 30% reported
SA in 2012 (1.2%
of total SM)
Estimated MST (2012)
(Defense Manpower Data Center, 2012; U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 2013)
WHERE DO REPORTS GO?
26,000 Estimated Incidents
3,374 Reported Sexual Assaults (13%)
2,558 Unrestricted
Reporting (76%)816 Restricted
Reporting (24%)
238 Convictions
(0.9%)
(Department of Defense, 2013)
TOP TWO REASONS FOR NOT REPORTING
PROBLEM POLICY ADVOCACY MARKETING BIG PICTURE
Fear of retaliation or reprisal
Discomfort using chain of command
54% of women and 27% of men did not report
because they feared retaliation or punishment
47% of women and 20% of men did not report
because they had heard other victims had a
negative experience
60% of women and 36% of men did not report
because they believed it would not be
kept confidential
(Ramming, 2002; USCCR, 2013; Pershing, 2003 )
Introduced by Senator Mark
Warner
Referred to Senate Armed
Services Committee (ASC)
in May 2013
Currently delayed in ASC
MILITARY WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTION
ENHANCEMENT ACT OF 2013 (S. 1081)
PROBLEM POLICY ADVOCACY MARKETING BIG PICTURE
(Congress.gov, 2013 )
WHISTLEBLOWER PROTECTION
What it misses…Right for whistleblowers to challenge illegal
retaliation at an administrative due process
hearing
Why this is a problem…DoD Office of Inspector General will continue to
be the only fact-finder to enforce victim rights
(Blaylock, 2013; Government Accountability Office, 2012 )
Military Whistleblower Reprisal Protection Act
currently exists, which specifically makes retaliation
illegal
However…
60% of women who
reported unwanted sexual
contact believed they experience
some sort of reprisal or retaliation
WHY THE WHISTLEBLOWER BILL IS IMPORTANT
(USCCR, 2013)
UNIVERSAL SCREENING POLICY
• Integrated as part of the annual
Periodic Health Assessment
given to all active duty and select
reserve members of the U.S.
Armed Forces
• Purpose: Identify and connect
survivors of sexual assault to
health services
(NIAAA)
PROBLEM POLICY ADVOCACY MARKETING BIG PICTURE
Behavioral Beliefs
about Reporting
Evaluations of
Reporting
Normative Beliefs
of Military to
Encourage Reporting
Motivation to Comply
with
Reporting Options
Attitude towards
Reporting
Subjective Norm
(approval of reporting)
in the Armed Forces
Intent to Report Reporting MST
Perceived
Control in Reporting
MST
Perceived Power
in Reporting
THEORY TO INFORM POLICIES
(Montano & Kasprzyk, 2008)
Construct How to AddressT
heo
ry o
f P
lan
ned
Beh
avio
rBehavioral Beliefs about Reporting Belief that the universal screening policy and whistleblower protections
engender positive or negative experiences, determined both at pretest before
implementation and then at posttest during evaluation
Evaluations of Reporting Evaluation of universal screening policy and whistleblower policy will occur
annually for first 5 years, then biennially thereafter
Normative Beliefs of Military to
Encourage Reporting
Creating materials demonstrating that each referent (i.e., military leaders,
unit, family) encourage reporting
Motivation to Comply with
Reporting Options
USP will encourage all persons to comply with reporting at periodic health
assessments; Whistleblower will encourage more “Unrestricted reporting”
use
Perceived Power in Reporting USP will provide a pathway to convenient reporting; Whistleblower will
provide more perceived power for the victim to pursue investigations into
their assault
Attitude toward Reporting Encourage MST victims to report by conveying that reporting is in line with
the values of the military and that MST will not be tolerated
Subjective Norm in the Military Whether Armed Forces approve or disapprove of reporting behaviors
Perceived Control in Reporting
MST
Educating active duty members to know where to report, how to report, and
what happens after reporting
EXAMPLES OF PRIOR POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
Whistleblower Protection Act
Veteran Health Administration Universal Screening
Policy
(AP)
Reducing public health burden
Assist in securing benefits for
veterans
VHA universal screening policy shown to be
successful
POTENTIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF PROPOSED
SOLUTIONS
(Kimerling et al, 2011)
2013 Nov DecJan2014
Feb Mar Apr May 2014
Today
Consortium in Washington, DC
4/28/2014
Send out press release
3/31/2014
Meet with DoD/VHA on Screening
3/17/2014
Town halls
3/16/2014
Release radio segments
2/14/2014
Final products to
press
2/4/2014
Contact Congress members
1/13/2014
Contact DoDleadership
1/9/2014
Schedule March 16-21 town halls
12/16/2013
Create campaign/slogan
prototype
12/9/2013
Set up FaceBook page
11/25/2013
PROBLEM POLICY ADVOCACY MARKETING BIG PICTURE
SIMPLIFIED MEDIA ADVOCACY TIMELINE
DC Consortium
Meeting Congress persons and Staff members
Town hall meetings
Op-Eds/Press Releases
MEDIA ADVOCACY STRATEGIES
MAKING IT NEWSWORTHY
Anniversary/Seasonal Peg: Sexual Assault Awareness Month
Injustice: Military personnel are the only U.S. citizens without these protections
Irony: “The people who protect us are not being protected”
Celebrity: Ms. Veteran America
FRAMING
Responsibility
Equality
Gain
KEY MESSAGES
Screening and reporting both identify and connect
victims of sexual assault to health care services
Letting sexual assault run unchecked in the ranks is
damaging to unity, disciple, and cohesion
MODELS FOR MEDIA ADVOCACY STRATEGIES
Task-Oriented
• Authentic voice press-releases, multimedia videos for implementing USP
• Clarify definition of sexual assault
Diverse Actors
• Advocacy organizations
• Survivors
• Health organizations
Responsibility and Equality
• USP framed with these lenses
Consensus Building
• Utility of USP
• Need for clarifying definition of sexual assault
Pre-Contemplation
• Preliminary press releases & Op-eds
Contemplation
• Legislators meet with advocates, town hall meetings
• Call senators
Preparation
• Prepare bill
• Garner support for bill
Action
• Bring bill to floor
• Pass it
Maintenance
• Enforce law
• Diffusion of innovations process
Tra
nsth
eore
ticalM
odel
Socia
l Action M
odel
(Prochaska, Redding & Evers, 2008; Minkler, Wallerstein & Wilson, 2008)
1) “Know your rights”
2) Understand Changes to USP
Strategies include educating Service
members of reporting options and
reducing perceived barriers to
reporting
SOCIAL MARKETING STRATEGIES
PROBLEM POLICY ADVOCACY MARKETING BIG PICTURE
Before the policy changes
pass
Marketing for after the policies
pass
TARGET AUDIENCE
1) Use of Services2) Increase Reporting Behavior
Primary Audience: Victims
Increase Awareness of
Services
Secondary Audience: Active
Duty Service Members
THEORY TO INFORM SOCIAL MARKETING
BehaviorIncrease
reporting
behavior
Cues to
ActionSocial
marketing
materials
External
Variables
PERCEIVED
THREAT
Perceived BarriersPunishment, lack of safe
way to report, shame,
confidentiality,
embarrassment,
retaliation, discharged
from military
Perceived BenefitsHealth care, safer military
environment, benefits for
PTSD, more likely to get
VA benefits
Perceived
Susceptibility +
Perceived Severity
Self-EfficacyMajor focus of
campaign
materials
Net
benefits
(Champion & Skinner, 2008)
DELIVERY CHANNELS
Safe Helpline YouTube DoD SAPRO
Fort Bragg SHARP
Military Academies
Sexual assault is a crime punishable by the Uniform Code of Military Justice
If anyone has ever had unwanted and inappropriate sexual contact with you when you said no, when you were unable to say no, when you told the person to stop, when the person threatened violence, when the person used their authority over you…
Reporting sexual assault will get you the help you need. It can also help make sure this crime doesn’t happen to someone else .
Go to SafeHelpline.org for confidential support with trained staff through online chat. If you cannot access the internet, the phone number is the same inside the U.S. or via the Defense Switched Network (DSN): 877-995-5247
DSN users can dial US toll -free numbers by simply dialing 94 + the 10-digit toll-free number.
For those unable to call toll -free or DSN, call 202-540-5962
CAMPAIGN MATERIALS
Go to SafeHelpline.org or call 877-995-5247
Go to SafeHelpline.org or call 877-995-5247
Behavioral Beliefs
about Reporting
Evaluations of
Reporting
Normative Beliefs
of Military to
Encourage Reporting
Motivation to Comply
with
Reporting Options
Attitude towards
Reporting
Subjective Norm
(approval or reporting)
in the Armed Forces
Intent to Report Reporting MST
Perceived
Control in Reporting
MST
Perceived Power
in Reporting
Cue to Action
to Reporting
Perceived Benefit
to Reporting
Perceived Severity
to Reporting
Perceived Barriers
to Reporting
BRINGING IT ALL TOGETHER
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Gen. Martin Dempsey
Current Military Personnel
Armed Service Committee
Sen. Carl Levin (D-MI)
Opponents
DoD SAPRO
Congress members (not on
ASC)
Sexual Assault Victims
Spouses of Victims
Former Military Officers
Whistleblowers
IPV Advocacy Groups
SWAN
Allies
ALLIES & OPPONENTS
2013 Nov DecJan2014
Feb Mar Apr May 2014
Today
Consortium in Washington, DC
Apr 28
Begin radio segments
Apr 9
Run op-edsApr 4
Send out press release
Mar 31
Release radio segments
Feb 14
Final products to press
Feb 4
Contact Congress members
Jan 13
Contact DoDleadership
Jan 9
Test campaign prototypes
Jan 6
Schedule March 16-21 town halls
Dec 16
Create campaign/slogan
prototype
Dec 9
Set up FaceBook page
Nov 25
Nov 25 Dec 30Create website
Nov 25 Mar 31Recruit spokesperson & advocate
Dec 2 Jan 31Write op-eds
Jan 2 May 31Organize attendance to summer town halls
Set up meetings ASC/sympathetic Congresspersons
Jan 13 Mar 1
Post mediaMar 1 Mar 10
Create Consortium agenda & press releaseMar 3 Mar 15
Create signs for Rally
Mar 5 Mar 17
Finalize Consortium agenda & speaking points
Apr 1 Apr 18
Tim
elin
e
SEXUAL ASSAULT CLIP
“[It is] not good enough to compare [the military] to the rest
of society…We must hold [the military] to a higher standard,
and that’s what the American people demand.”
– Pentagon spokesman George Little (2013)
“We get it…We know that the larger issue is a cultural
problem, which has allowed demeaning behavior and
attitudes towards women to exist…”
– Acting Navy Secretary Sean O’Keefe (1991)
“…culture change is essential for the Military Services to
improve how they prevent and address sexual assault.”
– Defense Task Force (2009)
“…ban on women created a two-tiered military culture that
fostered tolerance of sexual harassment and sexual assault”
– Gen. Martin Dempsey Joint Chiefs of Staff, Chairman
(2012)
“Creating a culture free of the scourge of sexual assault
requires establishing an environment where dignity and
respect is afforded to all, and where diversity is celebrated
as one of our greatest assets as a force.” – Chuck Hagel,
Secretary of Defense (2013)
“Ending sexual assault in military isn’t just a women’s issue.
This is about justice and ensuring men and women get
support they need.” – Sen. Kelly Ayotte (R-NH) (2013)
Thank you
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