MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT’S GOALS
World leaders came together in New York on 25 September 2008 for a high-level event convened by the UN Secretary-General and the President of the UN General Assembly to renew commitments to achieving the Millennium Development Goals by 2015 and to set out concrete plans and practical steps for action.
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT’S EIGHT GOALS
1. End hunger
2. Universal education
3. Gender equity
4. Child health
5. Maternal health
6. Combat HIV/AIDS and other diseases
7. Environmental Sustainability
8. Global Partnership
1.- End hunger
Reduce those suffering from hunger &
poverty by half.
2.- Universal education
Ensure that all boys and girls complete a full course of primary schooling.
3.- Gender equity
Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education
4.- Child health
Reduce by two thirds the mortality rate of children under five.
5.- Maternal health
Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio
6.- Combat HIV / AIDS
Halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and other diseases
7.- Environmental sustainability
Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and
programs
8.- Global partnership
Develop open trading and financial systems that are non-discriminatory
MANDALA
Mandala (Sanskrit maṇḍala "essence" + "having" or "containing", also translates as "circle-circumference" or "completion", both derived from the Tibetan term dkyil khor) is a concentric diagram having spiritual and ritual significance in both Buddhism and Hinduism. The term is of Hindu origin and appears in the Rig Veda as the name of the sections of the work, but is also used in other Indian religions, particularly Buddhism. In the Tibetan branch of Vajrayana Buddhism, mandalas have been developed into sandpainting.
Buddhist mandala
MANDALAS IN HISTORY
Neolithic
Society changes from nomadic to sedentary.
The most important example is Stonehenge (England).
MANDALAS IN HISTORY
Ancient Egypt
There are some pictures in pyramids, representing mandalas.
They are elements of concentration.
MANDALAS IN HISTORY
India
Mandalas have an enormous importance in countries like India and Tibet.
Full of symbolism, they are usually very complex pictures.
MANDALAS IN HISTORY
Tibet
Mandalas appear in the eighth century (B.C.)
They are part of Tibetan’s ceremonies and education.
MANDALAS IN HISTORY
Europe
Mandalas are used in sacred buildings, for example in gothic cathedrals.
Color Symbolism
BLUE
• Coolness
• Infinity
• Ascension
• Purity
• Healing
BLACK
•Primordial
•Darkness
•Hate ,
WHITE
• Learning
• Knowledge
• Purity
• Longevity
RED
• Life force
• Preservation
• The sacred
• Blood
• Fire
GREEN
• Balance
• Harmony
• Vigor
• Youth
• Action
YELLOW
• Rootedness
• Renunciation
• Earth
EUNATE BHI
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT, 2009
Music: Travelin' Soldier (Dixie Chicks)