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MineralsMinerals
4 requirements to be 4 requirements to be considered a mineral:considered a mineral:
1.1. NaturallyNaturally OccurringOccurring (not manmade) (not manmade)
4 requirements to be 4 requirements to be considered a mineral:considered a mineral:
2.2. InorganicInorganic – not from living things – not from living things
Arsenic mineralsArsenic minerals
4 requirements to be 4 requirements to be considered a mineral:considered a mineral:
3.3. Unique Unique chemicalchemical compositioncomposition (chemical (chemical formula)formula)
CalciteCalcite
4 requirements to be 4 requirements to be considered a mineral:considered a mineral:
4.4. Definite Definite structuralstructural patternpattern (crystalline) (crystalline)
QuartzQuartz
Earth’s CompositionEarth’s Composition Elements found on Earth: Elements found on Earth: 117117 but but
only only 88 are common are common Elements found in minerals: about Elements found in minerals: about 1212
Relationship to RocksRelationship to Rocks Are minerals rocks? Are minerals rocks? YesYes Are all rocks minerals? Are all rocks minerals? NotNot alwaysalways Why? Not all Why? Not all rocksrocks fit the criteria of fit the criteria of
a a mineralmineral
Mineral FormationMineral Formation PrecipitationPrecipitation: minerals : minerals settlesettle out of out of
solutionsolution CrystallizationCrystallization: structured : structured
organization of organization of atomsatoms Crystal Crystal sizesize: depends on amount of : depends on amount of
timetime to grow to grow
Physical Properties:Physical Properties:1.1. ColorColor – this is the LEAST RELIABLE – this is the LEAST RELIABLE
One mineral can come in One mineral can come in manymany colorscolors Many minerals can be the Many minerals can be the samesame colorcolor
QuartzQuartz
Physical Properties:Physical Properties:2.2. StreakStreak – the color of the mineral in – the color of the mineral in
powderedpowdered form form May be different than its May be different than its colorcolor MoreMore reliable reliable
PyritePyrite
Physical Properties:Physical Properties:3.3. LusterLuster – how it shines or – how it shines or reflectsreflects light light
MetallicMetallic (shiny) vs. (shiny) vs. nonmetallicnonmetallic (dull, glossy) (dull, glossy)
Metallic LusterMetallic Luster Nonmetallic Luster Nonmetallic Luster
Physical Properties:Physical Properties:4.4. HardnessHardness – resistance to being – resistance to being
scratchedscratched Moh’sMoh’s hardness scale hardness scale Ranges from Ranges from 11 (soft) to (soft) to 1010 (hard) (hard)
HardnessHardness Each number is a different Each number is a different mineralmineral Ex: 1= Ex: 1= TalcTalc, 10=, 10=DiamondDiamond, 7= , 7= QuartzQuartz
HardnessHardness The hardness of tools used to identify The hardness of tools used to identify
minerals can also be on the scaleminerals can also be on the scale
Ex: Fingernail = Ex: Fingernail = 2.52.5 Penny = Penny = 3.53.5 Glass = Glass = 5.55.5 Steel nail = Steel nail = 6.56.5
Physical Properties:Physical Properties:5.5. CleavageCleavage – tendency of a mineral to – tendency of a mineral to
split along planes of weaknesssplit along planes of weakness Up to Up to 33 planes planes
Physical Properties:Physical Properties:6.6. FractureFracture – uneven breaks (no – uneven breaks (no
cleavage)cleavage)
Other Possibly Useful Other Possibly Useful Properties:Properties:
1.1. MagneticMagnetic
Other Possibly Useful Other Possibly Useful Properties:Properties:
2.2. TasteTaste (not recommended) (not recommended) Ex: Ex: HaliteHalite
Other Possibly Useful Other Possibly Useful Properties:Properties:
3.3. AcidAcid test – some minerals bubble in test – some minerals bubble in hydrochlorichydrochloric acid acid
Ex: Ex: CalciteCalcite
Other Possibly Useful Other Possibly Useful Properties:Properties:
4.4. DoubleDouble RefractionRefraction – can see two – can see two images through the mineralimages through the mineral
Ex: Ex: CalciteCalcite
Other Possibly Useful Other Possibly Useful Properties:Properties:
5.5. FluorescenceFluorescence: glow under UV light: glow under UV light
***IMPORTANT: The physical ***IMPORTANT: The physical properties of a mineral are due to the properties of a mineral are due to the internal internal arrangementarrangement of its of its atomsatoms!***!***
http://sciencereviewgames.com/srg/games/gong.php?id=33
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cjA2-MrWAVU