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Ming Nie You Zhou Citigroup & Risk Management Slide 2 About Citi Citicorp Regional consumer banking business Institutional clients group Citi Holdings Brokerage and assets management Local consumer lending Special asset pool Slide 3 Slide 4 Income Statement Continued Slide 5 Slide 6 Slide 7 Slide 8 Slide 9 Ratios of Citi Slide 10 Income summary 3Q 2010 Slide 11 Recent Stats Slide 12 Recent States Slide 13 Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) U.S government purchases assets and equity from financial institutions to help them to overcome financial crisis and revive the financial industry Signed in Oct 2008 Purchase or insure up to 700 billion troubled assets Slide 14 Entering TARP: Oct & Dec 2008: Citi raised $25 billion, and $20 billion through sales or preferred stock and warrants to the US Treasury Jan 2009: Citi issued $7.1 billion of preferred Stock to the US Treasury and FDIC July 2009: $25 billion preferred stock was exchanged to 7.7 billions shares of Citis common stock July 2009: $20b preferred stock issued to U.S treasury and $7.1b preferred stock issued to U.S treasury and FDIC were exchanged to trust preferred securities Slide 15 Result Paid U.S government approximately $2.2 billion dividends for preferred stock Paid $800 million interest for trust preferred securities Slide 16 Repayment of TARP Dec 2009: Citi repaid $20 billion of the trust preferred securities to U.S treasury $1.8 of the $7.1 billion were cancelled Dec 2009: Citi raised about $20.3 billion through issuance of common equity Citi made approximately $439.8 billion credit available to U.S borrowers After exiting from TARP: US Treasury holds 27% of common stock US Treasury and FDIC continue to hold $5.3 billion of trust preferred securities Slide 17 Risk Management Overview Credit risk Market risk Liquidity risk Price risk Operational risk Legal risk Reputational exposures Slide 18 Risk Management Guiding Principals a common risk capital model to evaluate risks; a defined risk appetite, aligned with business strategy; accountability through a common framework to manage risks; risk decisions based on transparent, accurate and rigorous analytics; expertise, stature, authority and independence of risk managers; and empowering risk managers to make decisions and escalate issues. Slide 19 Taking intelligent risk Citi must carefully measure and aggregate risks, must appreciate potential downside risks, and must understand risk/return relationships. Slide 20 Shared responsibility Risk and business management must actively partner to own risk controls and influence business outcomes. Slide 21 Individual accountability All individuals are ultimately responsible for identifying, understanding and managing risks. Slide 22 Risk Management Structure Business Chief Risk Officer: focal point for risk decisions in companys major business groups Regional Chief Risk Officers: Accountable for risks in their geographic areas Product Chief Risk Officers: Accountable for risks within their speciality (real estate, structured products, etc) Slide 23 Credit Risk Losses result from borrowers or counterparties are not able to fulfill its obligation Business activities may involve credit risk: Lending Sales and trading Derivatives Securities transactions Settlement Act as an intermediary Credit Risk Slide 24 Credit Overview 2009: Citi reduced its aggregate loan portfolio by $102.7 billion $591.5 billion. Dec 2009: Coverage ratio of total loans increased to 6.09% from 4.27% in Dec 2008 Net credit losses of $30.7 billion during 2009 increased $11.7 billion from year-ago levels Dec 2009: Consumer non-accrual loans totalled $18.6 billion, Corporate non-accrual loans were $13.5 billion Slide 25 2010 outlook Credit costs will still be a significant driver of Citis financial performance Asia and Latin America will show improvement in credit trends North America will show a slight improvement Slide 26 Outstanding loans - consumer Slide 27 Outstanding loans - Corporate 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Slide 28 Outstanding loans Percentage of net unearned income Slide 29 Credit loss Slide 30 Forgone interest revenue on loans Slide 31 Consumer Loan Modification programs Programs to assist borrower with financial difficulties Involves: modifying the original loan terms reducing interest rates extending the remaining loan duration waiving a portion of the remaining principal balance Slide 32 U.S. Treasurys Home Affordable Modification Program (HAMP) reduce monthly mortgage payments to a 31% housing debt ratio by lowering the interest rate and extending the term of the loan and remove some principal of certain eligible borrowers December 2009, about $7.1 billion first mortgages entered into HAMP Slide 33 Short term & Long term programs Short term Long term Interest reduction up to 12- month Loan volume under short term program increased significantly troubled debt restructuring Term of loans are modified to long term Provide permanent interest reduction Slide 34 Credit risk mitigation Citigroup uses credit derivatives and other risk mitigants to hedge some portion of its credit risk In 2008, $95.5 billion of credit risk were hedged successfully In 2009, $59.6 billion of credit risk were hedged successfully Slide 35 Highly leveraged financing transactions Agreement to provide borrower higher level of funding Normally through corporate acquisitions or management buy-outs Principal and interest payment absorb a significant of cash flow generated by borrowers business Risk of default will be higher, so a higher interest rate and fees will be charged Slide 36 Market Risk Slide 37 1. Liquidity risk Capital resources Liquidity Slide 38 Capital has historically been generated by earnings from Citis operating business. Generally, capital is used primarily to support assets in Citis businesses and to absorb market, credit, or operational losses. Citigroups capital management framework is designed to ensure that Citigroup and its principal subsidiaries maintain sufficient capital consistent with Citis risk profile and all applicable regulatory standards and guidelines, as well as external rating agency considerations. Slide 39 Risk-based capital guidelines issued by the Federal Reserve Board Risk-based capital ratios: the Tier 1 Capitalthe sum of core capital elements, such as qualifying common stockholders equity, as adjusted, qualifying non-controlling interests, and qualifying mandatorily redeemable securities of subsidiary trusts, principally reduced by goodwill, other disallowed intangible assets, and disallowed deferred tax assets. Total Capital also includes supplementary Tier 2 Capital elements, such as qualifying subordinated debt and a limited portion of the allowance for credit losses. Both measures of capital adequacy are stated as a percentage of risk- weighted assets. In conjunction with the conduct of the 2009 Supervisory Capital Assessment Program (SCAP), US banking regulators developed a new measure of capital termed Tier 1 Common, which has been defined as Tier 1 Capital less non-common elements, including qualifying perpetual preferred stock, qualifying non-controlling interests, and qualifying mandatorily redeemable securities of subsidiary trusts. Slide 40 To be well capitalized under federal bank regulatory agency definitions, a bank holding company must have a Tier 1 Capital ratio of at least 6%, a Total Capital ratio of at least 10%, and a Leverage ratio of at least 3%, and not be subject to a Federal Reserve Board directive to maintain higher capital levels. Citigroups regulatory capital ratios: Slide 41 Components of capital under regulatory guidelines Slide 42 Citibank, N.A. components of capital and ratios under regulatory guidelines Well capitalizedTier 1 Capital ratio of at least 6%, a Total Capital (Tier 1 Capital + Tier 2 Capital) ratio of at least 10%, and a Leverage ratio of at least 5%, and not be subject to a regulatory directive to meet and maintain higher capital levels. Slide 43 The estimated sensitivity of Citigroups and Citibank, NAs capital ratios to changes of $100 million in Tier 1 Common, Tier 1 Capital, or Total Capital (numerator), or changes of $1 billion in risk-weighted assets or adjusted average total assets (denominator) based on financial information as of Dec 31,2009: These sensitivities only consider a single change to either a component of capital, risk-weighted assets, or adjusted average total assets. Slide 44 Citigroups cash flows and liquidity needs are primarily generated within its operating subsidiaries. Exceptions exist for major corporate items, such as the TARP repayment, and for equity and certain long-term debt issuances, which take place at the Citigroup corporate level. Citigroup sources of funding include deposits, collateralized financing transactions and variety of unsecured short- and long-term instruments. In addition to growing its deposit base and engaging in long-term debt funding, Citi has been actively building its structural liquidity by reducing total assets. Slide 45 Management of liquidity Citigroup runs a centralized treasury model where the overall balance sheet is managed by Citigroup Treasury through Global Franchise Treasurers and Regional Treasurers. A uniform liquidity risk management policy exists for Citigroup, its consolidated subsidiaries and managed affiliates. Liquidity management is overseen by the Board of Directors through its Risk Management and Finance Committee and by senior management through Citigroups Finance and Asset and Liability Committee (FinALCO). Asset and Liability Committees are also established for each region, country and/or major line of business. Slide 46 Monitoring liquidity Slide 47 liquidity gaps and limits measures potential funding gaps over various time horizons in a standard operating environment limits are established such that in stress scenarios, entities are self-funded or net providers of liquidity. the risk tolerance for liquidity funding gaps is limited based on the capacity to cover the position in a stressed environment. liquidity ratios cash capital ratioa broader measure of the ability to fund the structurally illiquid portion of Citigroups balance sheet than traditional measures such as deposits to loans or core deposits to loans. stress testing simulated liquidity stress testing is periodically performed for each major operating subsidiary and/or country. intended to quantify the likely impact of an event on the balance sheet and liquidity position and to identify viable funding alternatives that can be utilized in a liquidity event. Slide 48 stress testing (continued) as a result of the recent financial crisis, Citigroup increased the frequency, duration, and severity of certain stress testing, particularly related to the interconnection of idiosyncratic and systemic risk. market triggers internal or external market or economic factors that may imply a change to market liquidity or Citigroups access to the markets appropriate market triggers are also established and monitored for each major operating subsidiary and/or country credit ratings Citigroups ability to access the capital markets and other sources of funds, as well as the cost of these funds and its ability to maintain certain deposits, is dependent on its credit ratings. Slide 49 One primary business function: providing financial products that meet the needs of customers. Net interest revenue (NIR): difference between the yield earned on the non-trading portfolio assets and the rate paid on the liabilities. NIR is affected by changes in the level of interest rates. Slide 50 Slide 51 modify pricing on new customer loans and deposits enter into transactions with other institutions enter into off-balance-sheet derivative transactions that have the opposite risk exposures Therefore, regularly assesses the viability of strategies when it believes those actions are prudent additional measurements: stress testing the impact of non-linear interest rate movements on the value of the balance sheet analysis of portfolio duration and volatility, particularly as they relate to mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities the potential impact of the change in the spread between different market indices Slide 52 Slide 53 The following table shows the risk to NIR from six different changes in the implied-forward rates. Each scenario assumes that the rate change will occur on a gradual basis every three months over the course of one year. Slide 54 Monitored using: Factor sensitivities Value-at-risk (VAR) Stress testing Slide 55 Factor sensitivities Expressed as the change in the value of a position for a defined change in a market risk factor, such as a change in the value of a Treasury bill for a one-basis- point change in interest rates. Citigroups independent market risk management ensures that factor sensitivities are calculated, monitored and, in most cases, limited, for all relevant risks taken in a trading portfolio. Slide 56 VAR Estimates the potential decline in the value of a position or a portfolio under normal market conditions. The VAR method incorporates the factor sensitivities of the trading portfolio with the volatilities and correlations of those factors and is expressed as the risk to Citigroup over a one-day holding period, at a 99% confidence level. Based on the volatilities of and correlations among a multitude of market risk factors as well as factors that track the specific issuer risk in debt and equity securities. Slide 57 Stress testing Performed on trading portfolios on a regular basis to estimate the impact of extreme market movements. Independent market risk management, in conjunction with the business, develops stress scenarios, reviews the output of periodic stress-testing exercises, and uses the information to make judgments as to the ongoing appropriateness of exposure levels and limits. Slide 58 Each trading portfolio has its own market risk limit framework encompassing these measures and other controls. Total revenues of the trading business consist of: customer revenue, which includes spreads from customer flow and positions taken to facilitate customer orders proprietary trading activities in both cash and derivative transactions net interest revenue In 2009, negative trading-related revenue (net losses) was recorded for 58 of 260 trading days. Of the 58 days on which negative revenue was recorded, two days were greater than $400 million. Slide 59 The following histogram of total daily revenue or loss captures trading volatility and shows the number of days in which Citigroups trading-related revenues fell within particular ranges. Slide 60 Back-testing Citigroup periodically performs extensive back-testing of many hypothetical test portfolios as one check of the accuracy of its VAR. The process in which the daily VAR of a portfolio is compared to the actual daily change in the market value of its transactions. Is conducted to confirm that the daily market value losses in excess of a 99% confidence level occur, on average, only 1% of the time. The VAR calculation for the hypothetical test portfolios, with different degrees of risk concentration, meets this statistical criteria. Slide 61 Market environment Expectations of future price and market movements Vary from period to period Slide 62 VAR to Citigroup in the trading portfolios (including the total VAR, the specific risk-only component of VAR, and total general market factors only, along with the yearly averages: Slide 63 The range of VAR in each type of trading portfolio: Slide 64 VAR for Citigroups Securities and Banking business (ICG Citicorp VAR, which excludes Consumer): Slide 65 Slide 66 Operational risk Risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, systems or human factors, or from external events. Includes the reputation and franchise risk associated with business practices or market conduct in which Citi is involved. Managed through an overall framework designed to balance strong corporate oversight with well-defined independent risk management. Slide 67 The framework includes: Recognized ownership of the risk by the business Oversight by independent risk management Independent review by Citis Audit and Risk Review (ARR) Goal: Keep operational risk at appropriate levels relative to the characteristics of Citigrourps businesses, the markets in which the company operates its capital and liquidity. And the competitive, economic and regulatory environment. Slide 68 Framework To monitor, mitigate and control operational risk, Citigroup maintains a system of comprehensive policies and established a consistent, value-added framework for assessing and communicating operational risk and the overall effectiveness of the internal control environment. Operational Risk Council provides oversight Council works with the business segments and the control functions to help ensure a transparent, consistent and comprehensive framework for managing operational risk globally. Slide 69 Framework The process for operational risk management: Identify and assess key operational risks Establish key risk indicators Produce a comprehensive operational risk report Prioritize and assure adequate resources to actively improve the operational risk environment and mitigate emerging risks The operational risk standards facilitate the effective communication and mitigation of operational risk both within and across business. Slide 70 Measurement and Basel II Required to capture relevant operational risk capital information Enhanced version of the risk capital modelBasel II capital calculations Uses a combination of internal and external loss data to support statistical modeling of capital requirement estimates, which are then adjusted to reflect qualitative data regarding the operational risk and control environment. Slide 71 Information Security Information security and the protection of confidential and sensitive customer data Citi has implemented an Information Security Program that complies with the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and other regulatory guidance. The Information Security Program is reviewed and enhanced periodically to address emerging threats to customers information. Slide 72 Country risk The risk that an event in a foreign country will impair the value of Citigroup assets or will adversely affect the ability of obligors within that country to honor their obligations to Citigroup. Country risk eventssovereign defaults, banking or currency crises, social instability, and changes in governmental policies Country risk includes local franchise risk, credit risk, market risk, operational risk and cross-border risk. Slide 73 The country risk management framework includes country risk rating models, scenario planning and stress testing, internal watch lists, and the Country Risk Committee process. The Citigroup Country Risk Committee is the senior forum to evaluate Citis total business footprint within a specific country franchise with emphasis on responses to current potential country risk events. The Committee regularly reviews all risk exposures within a country, makes recommendations as to actions, and follows up to ensure appropriate accountability. Slide 74 Cross-Border risk The risk that actions taken by a non-US government may prevent the conversion of local currency into non-local currency and/or the transfer of funds outside the country, among other risks, thereby impacting the ability of Citigroup and its customers to transact business across borders. Examples include actions taken by foreign governments such as exchange controls, debt moratoria, or restrictions on the remittance of funds. The above actions might restrict the transfer of funds or the ability of Citigroup to obtain payment from customers on their contractual obligations. Slide 75 Recent example of this risk Venezuelan Bolivar Devaluation Slide 76 Slide 77 Cross-border outstandings are reported under Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) regulatory guidelines. All countries where total FFIEC cross-border outstandings exceed 0.75% of total Citigroup assets: Slide 78 Derivatives The global derivatives portfolio by internal obligor credit rating, as a percentage of credit exposure: The global derivatives portfolio by industry of the obligor as a percentage of credit exposure: Derivative Obligor Information: Slide 79 Credit valuation adjustments (CVA) Citigroup applies the fair value adjustments to derivative carrying values CVA are used to OTC derivative instruments, in which the base valuation generally discounts expected cash flows using LIBOR interest rate curves. Not all counterparties have the same credit risk, a CVA is necessary to incorporate the market view of both counterparty credit risk and Citis own credit risk in the valuation. Slide 80 Derivatives activities Commitments to buy or sell at a future date a financial instruments, commodity or currency at a contracted price and may be settled in cash or through delivery. Futures and forward contracts Commitments to settle in cash at a future date or dates that may range from a few days to a number of years, based on differentials between specified financial indices, as applied to a notional principal amount. Swap contracts Give the purchaser, for a fee, the right to buy or sell within a limited time a financial instrument, commodity or currency at a contracted price that may also be settled in cash. Option contracts Slide 81 Reasons for entering into derivative contracts Trading purposes customer needs Trading purposes own account Slide 82 Hedging Hedge certain risks or reposition the risk profile of the Company Example: issue fixed-rate long-term debt and then enter into a receive-fixed, pay-variable-rate interest rate swap with the same tenor and notional amount to convert the interest payments to a net variable-rate basis Most common form of an interest rate hedgeminimizing interest risks inherent in specific groups of on-balance-sheet assets and liabilities Foreign-exchange contracts are used to hedge non-US-dollar- denominated debt, foreign-currency-denominated available- for-sale securities, net capital exposures and foreign-exchange transactions Slide 83 The notional amounts, for both long and short derivative positions, of Citigroups derivative instruments: Slide 84 Fair value hedges hedging of benchmark interest rate risk Citigroup hedges exposure to changes in the fair value of outstanding fixed-rate issued debt and borrowing. The fixed cash flows from those financing transactions are converted to benchmark variable-rate cash flows by entering into receive-fixed, pay-variable interest rate swaps. Citigroup also hedges exposure to changes in the fair value of fixed-rate assets, including available- for-sale debt securities and loans. The hedging instruments used are receive-variable, pay-fixed interest rate swaps. Slide 85 Fair value hedges hedging of foreign exchange risk Citigroup hedges the change in fair value attributable to foreign-exchange rate movements in available-for-sale securities that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the entity holding the securities, which may be within or outside the US. The hedging instrument employed is a forward foreign- exchange contract. Citigroup considers the premium associated with forward contracts (differential between spot and contractual forward rates) as the cost of hedging, this is excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and reflected directly in earning. Dollar-offset method is used to assess hedge effectiveness. Slide 86 Citigroups fair value hedges Slide 87 Cash flow hedges Slide 88 The pretax change in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) from cash flow hedges: Slide 89 Net investment hedges Citigroup uses foreign-currency forwards, options and swaps and foreign-currency-denominated debt instruments to manage the foreign-exchange risk associated with Citigroups equity investments in several non-US dollar functional currency foreign subsidiaries. The pretax loss recorded in foreign-currency translation adjustment within Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), related to the effective portion of the net investment hedges, is $4,560 million during the year ended December 31, 2009. Slide 90 Credit derivatives A bilateral contract between a buyer and a seller under which the seller agrees to provide protection to the buyer against the credit risk of a particular entity. Citi makes markets in and trades a range of credit derivatives, both on behalf of clients as well as for its own account. Through these contracts, the Company either purchases or writes protection on either a single name or a portfolio of reference credits. Citi uses credit derivatives to help mitigate credit risk in its corporate and consumer loan portfolio and other cash positions, to take proprietary trading positions, and to facilitate client transactions. The range of credit derivatives sold includes credit default swaps, total return swaps and credit options. Slide 91 Key characteristics of Citis credit derivative portfolio as protection seller Slide 92 Payment/performance risk Slide 93 Citis credit derivative portfolio Citi actively monitors its counterparty credit risk in credit derivative contracts. Approximately 85% and 88% of the gross receivables are from counterparties with which Citi maintains collateral agreements as of Dec 31, 2009 and 2008. A majority of Citis top 15 counterparties are banks, financial institutions or other dealers. Contracts with these counterparties do not include ratings-based termination events. Slide 94 Key characteristics of Citis credit derivative portfolio by counterparty and derivative form: Slide 95 Concentrations of credit risk Exist when changes in economic, industry or geographic factors similarly affect groups of counterparties whose aggregate credit exposure is material in relation to Citigroups total credit exposure. In connection with the Companys effort to maintain a diversified portfolio, the Company limits its exposure to any one geographic region, country or individual creditor and monitors this exposure on a continuous basis. Most significant concentrationthe US government and its agencies. Primarily results from trading assets and investments issued by the US government and its agencies. The Mexican and Japanese governments and their agencies are the next largest exposures. Slide 96 Risk Management Practice Risk management oversight for Citigroups U.S. pension plans and largest non-U.S. pension plans Managed by Citigroups Independent Risk Management Regional Units Slide 97 Risk Management Practices Periodic asset liability management and strategic asset allocation studies Monitoring of funding levels and funding ratios Monitoring compliance with asset allocation guidelines Monitoring asset class performance against asset class benchmarks Monitoring investor manager performance against benchmarks Quarterly risk capital measurement Slide 98