College & Association of Acupuncturists of Alberta
Minimum Standards for
Professional Acupuncture Education
Standards, Requirements and Guidelines
for Acupuncture Programs in Alberta
Date Approved: XXX
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 4
1. Background ..................................................................................................... 4
2. Scope and Limitations ..................................................................................... 4
I. STANDARDS RELATED TO AN ORGANIZATION THAT OFFERS AN
ACUPUNCTURE PROGRAM ................................................................................ 6
1. Intention and Statement of Purpose ................................................................ 6
2. Legal Organization and Program Management .............................................. 6
3. Resources and Accounting Administered by the Director of the Private
Vocational Training Act ......................................................................................... 7
4. Publications and Advertising .......................................................................... 7
II. STANDARDS RELATED TO ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS ............... 9
III. STANDARDS RELATED TO PROGRAM OF STUDY ........................ 10
1. Program length .............................................................................................. 10
2. Core curriculum ............................................................................................ 11
3. Syllabi ........................................................................................................... 14
4. Clinical observation and supervised clinical practice ................................... 14
5. Off-campus clinical training ......................................................................... 17
6. Faculty and clinical supervisors .................................................................... 17
7. Evaluation of student progress and achievement .......................................... 18
IV. STANDARDS RELATED TO PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION ....... 19
1. Chief administrator ....................................................................................... 19
2. Records ......................................................................................................... 19
3. Faculty and course evaluation ....................................................................... 20
4. Student services and activities ...................................................................... 20
5. Student grievances ........................................................................................ 20
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6. Transfer of credit ........................................................................................... 21
7. Communication ............................................................................................. 21
V. STANDARDS RELATED TO PHYSICAL SPACE, FACILITIES,
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER LEARNING RESOURCES ................................. 21
1. Physical space, facilities and equipment ....................................................... 21
2. Teaching clinic .............................................................................................. 22
3. Library and other learning resources ............................................................ 22
VI. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................... 23
Appendices ....................................................................................................................... 26
Appendix 1: Standards of Competency and Practice, Alberta Health and
Wellness, April 2005 ................................................................................................... 26
Appendix 2: Entry-Level Occupational Competencies for the Practice of
Traditional Chinese Medicine in Canada (May 2010) ............................................. 27
Appendix 3: National and International Acupuncture Education: Program
Duration (basic comparison) ...................................................................................... 38
Appendix 4: Program duration of other health professions in Alberta ................. 39
Appendix 5 – Common Diseases ................................................................................ 41
Appendix 6 – Common Drugs .................................................................................... 43
Appendix 7 – TCM Herbs list .................................................................................... 45
Appendix 8 –TCM Herbal Formula list – 172 Total ............................................... 54
Appendix 9 – Recommended References for Alberta Acupuncture Registration
Exam ............................................................................................................................. 62
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INTRODUCTION
1. Background
The profession of acupuncturists has been regulated in Alberta since 1988 under the
Health Disciplines Act and the Acupuncture Regulation. It used to be governed by the
Acupuncture Committee under the Health Disciplines Board. The College and
Association of Acupuncturists of Alberta (the CAAA) was appointed by the Minister of
Health to regulate the profession of acupuncturists effective January 1, 2011.
The mandate of the CAAA is to regulate the profession in the public interest by setting
high standards of practice, competency, education and ethical conduct. Education is the
foundation of any health profession. Public access to safe, competent and ethical
treatments depends, to a great extent, on the quality of education that acupuncturists have
received.
The primary purpose of this is to establish minimum standards in the essential areas of
acupuncture education so that acupuncture educational programs can successfully deliver
the competencies required in the Standards of Competency and Practice (appendix 1), as
well as the Entry-Level Occupational Competencies for the Practice of Traditional
Chinese Medicine in Canada (appendix 2).
Many experts have been involved in developing the Minimum Standards for Acupuncture
Education. Their contribution to the profession is sincerely appreciated.
2. Scope and Limitations
Standards adopted by current approved acupuncture programs in Alberta and those of
reputable programs in other jurisdictions were referenced in developing Minimum
Standards for Professional Acupuncture Education. The proposed minimum standards
address five major areas:
a. standards related to an organization that offers an acupuncture program;
b. standards related to admission requirements;
c. standards related to the program of study;
d. standards related to program administration; and
e. standards related to physical space, facilities and equipment and other learning
resources.
The Alberta Standards of Competency and Practice in Alberta require “Acupuncturists
have knowledge of…basic Chinese herbology to determine how herbs complement health
and disease and interact with acupuncture treatment.” (2005)
To facilitate future national consistency and labour mobility CAAA recommends all
programs use the standards outlined in the Pan Canadian Exam (or equivalent) Blueprint
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and Performance Indicators for Entry Level Competencies documents (2015). These
documents include as appendices the defined minimum standards for TCM herbology
examination in other Canadian jurisdictions. By ensuring their programs cover at
minimum this material, it helps the student make an informed choice and facilitates
movement of students between programs and ultimately benefits a student by potentially
allowing them to qualify to write these examinations if they which they may wish.
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I. STANDARDS RELATED TO AN ORGANIZATION THAT OFFERS AN
ACUPUNCTURE PROGRAM
Educational institutions must meet the following criteria to ensure students
receive quality education in a safe and optimal learning environment.
1. Intention and Statement of Purpose
a. The educational institution must have a clear statement of purpose,
mission statement, or set of program objectives that indicate the intention
to effectively train their students to become highly educated,
knowledgeable, skillful and ethical professionals.
b. The program must reflect the philosophy and core values of the profession
as defined by the College and Association of Acupuncturists of Alberta.
c. These notions should appear in the mission statement of the program and
should be reflected throughout its entire organization, administration and
operation.
d. The educational institution must have a system in place to regularly assess
that the objectives mentioned in the mission statement or statements of
purpose are satisfactorily met.
2. Legal Organization and Program Management
a. The educational institution must be legally organized and authorized to
conduct its operation in Alberta. In the case of private educational
institutions in Alberta, they need licensing under the Private Vocational
Training Act. Public educational institutions like universities, require
accreditation through the Ministry of Advanced Education of Alberta.
b. The acupuncture program must be managed by competent directors, a
chief executive officer, a program chair and/or president who are
ultimately responsible for the delivery of the acupuncture program. A
governance structure must be in place to ensure effective control over the
program’s affairs with a clear description of the responsibilities of all
administrators involved.
c. The acupuncture program must seek advice and guidance from
stakeholders in the profession. This can be achieved through the
establishment of an advisory committee or a process of consultation with
stakeholders with an advisory capacity.
d. Administrative staff must ensure accurate records management, systematic
and secure filing and maintenance of: student records, patient records at
the teaching clinic, minutes of student meetings, faculty meetings,
advisory committee meetings and management meetings. They also
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administer program policies, student and faculty evaluations and other
administrative documents.
e. The administrative staff should also be able to provide and organize
teaching schedules, academic year calendars and all other publications
related to the acupuncture program.
3. Resources and Accounting
Administered by the Director of the Private Vocational Training Act
a. The educational institution must have adequate financial, human,
educational and clinical resources to support the acupuncture program.
b. The program must have sufficient funding to guarantee that students will
be able to complete the entire program and resources will remain in place
for all staff, faculty and students.
c. Evidence of adequate financial resources can be presented through a
detailed business plan and regular, audited financial statements.
4. Publications and Advertising
Publications, advertisement and recruitment activities and materials not only
affect students’ decisions to enrol in an acupuncture program but also provide
the public with an accurate notion of the scope and status of the profession of
acupuncturists among other health professions.
a) All publications, including those used for advertising and recruitment
purposes must be professional, truthful and accurate.
b) The educational institute must provide to the public, at least the following
information:
o mission statement
o statement of purpose or educational objectives
o clear and detailed admission requirements
o curriculum
o academic year calendar and course schedule with key dates for
applications, withdrawals
o fees, tuition and other costs for enrolment in the program
o a list of administrators and faculty of the program
o conduct and attendance policies such as in the Student Handbook
o a non-discrimination policy
o and, the approval status
c) All information in publications and advertising must be clear and accurate
and must not be deceptive, unfair or misleading.
d) The institution must not give an exaggerated impression of their services,
curriculum or opportunities for its graduates.
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e) Acupuncture programs should not make invalid or unverifiable claims of
being superior to competing institutions.
f) Acupuncture programs must keep versioned editions of all documents and
the dates they were effective.
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II. STANDARDS RELATED TO ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS
Acupuncture is a medical system based on the holistic principles of traditional
Chinese medicine. It has its own theoretical foundation, diagnosis, treatment
principles and treatment methods, standards of competency and standards of
practice. Acupuncture education is academically challenging and requires
sufficient hands-on clinical practicum. For students, it is a huge commitment in
terms of finance and time to enroll in an acupuncture program.
The primary purpose of admission requirements is to ensure prospective students
possess potential aptitude, interest and study skills required to complete the
acupuncture training program successfully. Admission standards should reflect
that only those applicants who can achieve the educational objectives of the
program be accepted into the program.
Completion of an approved acupuncture program does not guarantee successful
challenge of a registration examination or registration with CAAA or other
acupuncture/TCM regulatory body.
The prerequisite for admission to acupuncture program should be at minimum:
a) Successful completion of at least two (2) academic years of post-
secondary education at the baccalaureate level from an institution
recognized by the CAAA Council; or
b) Successful completion of at least one (1) academic year of post-secondary
education in health science at the baccalaureate level from an institution
recognized by the CAAA Council; or
c) High school graduates with a minimum overall average of 75 percent, with
no course grade lower than 70 percent in English Language Art 30 and 80
percent in one of the three basic science courses: Biology 30, Chemistry
30 or Science 30.
Additional admission requirements:
d) English Language Proficiency. Not withstanding a, b or c above, for those
applicants whose first language is not English, they must prove their
language proficiency through one of the following tests:
o Paper-based TOEFL (PBT) score of 550 out of a range of 310 -
677; or
o Internet-based TOEFL (IBT) score of 80 out of a range 0 – 120; or
o IELTS (Academic) no score below benchmark 5 in any section.
e) If a translation service is used, all original documents (or certified copy
thereof) must accompany the translation.
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f) A clear Criminal Record check within the previous 12 months and
Vulnerable Sector Information Check, including no open youth record,
issued within three months of the start of the program intake.
g) The educational institution may assess and accept credits from students
who transfer from another approved acupuncture program. However, at
least one (1) academic year must be completed in the program that grants
the certificate, diploma or degree. A maximum of 50 percent of courses
may be transferred from any other institution(s).
III. STANDARDS RELATED TO PROGRAM OF STUDY
The professional program in acupuncture is responsible to design its own
curriculum and for successful delivery of its curriculum. The structure and content
of the curriculum must ensure that competencies required in the Standards of
Competency and Practice, and the Entry-level Occupational Competencies for the
Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Canada are adequately covered. The
delivery of its curriculum shall lead competent students to achieve the
professional competencies of an independent acupuncture practitioner.
This document defines the requirements that programs must contain to adequately
prepare students to challenge the entry level exams. As exams evolve over time so
to will the minimum standards required to enter the practice. Students must realize
that how the basic curriculum is delivered varies between institutions and they
must choose the program and delivery that suits their specific needs. Standards
related to program of study will focus on such areas as program duration, core
curriculum, clinical practice, faculty qualifications, and off-campus training.
1. Program length
The minimum length of the professional acupuncture curriculum must be at least
three (3) full academic years, which is approximately 27 calendar months, 90
instructional weeks, six (6) semesters or nine (9) trimesters. The total number of
hours must not be less than 2,800 hours which consists of direct, interactive
instruction and clinical component of at least 500 hours. The maximum time
frame to complete an acupuncture program shall be not more than six (6) calendar
years.
The Council of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine Association (U.S)1 has
established that minimum standards of training for full Acupuncture and Oriental
Medicine programs should be 3,200 hours following 500 hours of college level
1 Standards for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine. Council of Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine Association (CAOMA) http://sonic.net/~brianf/caoma/aom_standards.htm
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training in basic science.2 Typical training programs for acupuncturists and
doctors of Traditional Chinese Medicine (D.TCM) are three (3) or four (4) years
in duration, comprising of 2,500 to 3,500 hours of structured time with direct,
interactive contact between students and faculty or supervisors.
Appendix 3 shows the duration of acupuncture education in other jurisdictions
around the world.
Appendix 4 shows the duration of educational programs of other health
professions in Alberta.
2. Core curriculum
Generally, the structure and content of the curriculum must lead students to
achieve the professional competencies of an independent acupuncturist as listed in
the Standards of Competency and Practice, and the Entry-level Occupational
Competencies for the Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Canada.
Areas to be covered in the curriculum include the following:
a. Biomedical Clinical Sciences
An acupuncture program curriculum must include courses that teach students the
following concepts of biomedical clinical sciences:
Terms and concepts of biomedicine
Human anatomy, surface anatomy, physiology and pathology
Basic biochemistry and cellular metabolism
Control systems of the body involved in homeostasis and dysfunction and
immunity
Basic interpretation of laboratory and diagnostic tests and procedures and how
they relate to the common diseases listed in Appendix 5
Identification of conditions that require urgent medical treatment and
immediate referral for medical and paramedical services
Infectious diseases and infection control procedures
Dysfunction and classification of common diseases in Appendix 5
Relate Biomedical to TCM concepts
Basic biomedical pharmacology in Appendix 6
Based on the assumption that students have sufficient credits and adequate training
in basic sciences including general Biology and Chemistry where the total amount
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of instructional hours for biomedical clinical sciences shall be at least 300 hours,
not including the time for First Aid and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation training.
b. Acupuncture and TCM specific courses
Curriculum areas related to acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
include:
History and development of acupuncture and TCM in China, North America
and worldwide
Basic foundational concepts of TCM and acupuncture
o Yin/Yang
o Five elements (phases)
o Body substances : qi, blood, body fluids, essence, spirit
o Constitution
o Etiology
o Pathogenesis
o Prevention
o Health Preservation
o Principles of treatment
o Zang – Fu (organ theories)
o Channels and collaterals
TCM diagnostic procedures, defining treatment objectives and planning
Acupuncture points
o Points of the 14 channels
o Extra Points
o Five transporting points
o Source points
o Connecting Points
o Clefts points
o Front-Mu Points
o Back-Shu Points
o Lower sea points
o Eight confluents points
o 8 meeting (influential) points
o Mother/child points
o Channel crossing points
o Ah shi points
o Ear and Scalp acupuncture
Treatment techniques
o Needle insertion: depth, duration, manipulation and withdrawal
o Tonification and sedation of Qi
o Moxibustion: application, direct & indirect,
o Cupping techniques
o Electro-Acupuncture techniques
o Basic Tui’na techniques (acupressure)
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o Special acupuncture techniques including seven-star (plum-blossom)
needling, bleeding, scalp acupuncture, auricular acupuncture and wrist-
ankle acupuncture
o Gua-sha
o Qi Gong, Tai Chi
o Lifestyle modifications
o Diet therapy in TCM
Basic Chinese Herbology - Appendix #7 TCM Herbs List and & Appendix #8
Formula List from PCE
Application of acupuncture treatment to a broad range of internal and external
diseases and disorders
Appropriate management of adverse reactions to acupuncture treatments
Safe handling and maintenance of acupuncture related tools and materials
c. Interpersonal skills
Communication skills written, verbal, non-verbal and listening
Assess capacity to comprehend and consent to treatment
Explaining concepts in plain language, TCM and biomedical terminology
Effectively respond to interpersonal conflict
Develop and manage productive and effective interpersonal relationships
Develop and manage productive and effective professional relationships
Demonstrate compassion, respect and empathy towards patients
Maintain practitioner / patient boundaries
Managing reactions that may arise during the course of treatment and the
ability to make appropriate referrals
d. Ethics and Practice Management
Practice in a manner that accords patient dignity and observes patients’ rights
Understand relevant legislation governing the practice of acupuncture in
Alberta and Canada
Confidentiality: Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy (FOIPP),
(Personal Information Protections Act (PIPA), Health Information Act (HIA)
Informed Consent
Practice with Integrity: understanding the scope of practice, recognizing and
practicing within limits of competency
Patient Record: generation and maintenance of patient record
Patient referral to other health professionals
Professional conduct and appropriate interpersonal behaviour:
Professional liability
Building and managing an ethical and legal practice including: contracts,
advertising, payment, billing and third party reimbursement
Develop and maintain operational and management procedures
Professional development and practitioner self care
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Please note: The curriculum must be delivered in a structured format with
interactive, direct contact between students and faculty or supervisors. Distance-
learning programs are not acceptable for the purpose of registration as an
acupuncturist in Alberta.
3. Syllabi
A syllabus is an academic document that communicates course information and
defines expectations and responsibilities. It must be prepared for each course or
major unit of instruction. The syllabus must be made available to faculty
members, distributed to each student in the course, and be maintained in the
program’s curriculum files.
A syllabus must contain at least the following:
the purpose of the course
the objective of the course in specific terms and outcomes or acquired skills
the prerequisites of the course
an outline of the content of the course or detailed laboratory instruction
the methods of instruction
the types of grading system
the requirements of the course and their weightings (e.g., paper, projects
exams)
relevant dates including exams, assignments and Drop Date
required and recommended reading
4. Clinical observation and supervised clinical practice
A professional program in acupuncture must provide a clinical education
component of sufficient volume, variety, and quality to fulfill its educational
purposes. Clinical education consists of clinical observation and supervised
clinical practice which leads the student through gradually increasing levels of
responsibility for patient care resulting in the ability to function independently by
graduation. The clinical education component of an approved acupuncture
program must provide a minimum of 500 hours of clinical observation and
supervised clinical practice. Throughout the clinical education component,
students also have the opportunity to learn basic clinic management, patient
record keeping and other related professional competencies.
a. Clinical observation
Clinical observation provides the opportunity for students to observe
acupuncturists/supervisors or senior student interns performing acupuncture
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and/or other treatment techniques in a clinical setting. Minimum of 70% of
observation hours must be obtained following a Clinic Supervisor and the
remainder can be following a senior student Intern.
Safety and clean needle techniques shall be taught prior to clinical observation
and periodically reinforced throughout the acupuncture program. Although
observers are not needling patients, they are in the direct vicinity of patients and
needles, and should be well informed and trained in the necessary procedures for
needle stick, adverse reactions and exposure to bodily fluids.
The Program must provide a clinical orientation at the start of Observation hours
and again prior to Internship hours in student clinic procedures as well as the
customary practices of the program. This clinical orientation should define
expectations of roles and behaviours for all participants in the student clinic. They
must further provide an orientation to any transfer student prior to starting clinical
observation or internship or if there are changes to the program or physical space.
The clinical orientations should also be documented, reviewed and updated as
policies or procedures change.
b. Supervised clinical practice
Students need to acquire experience in direct treatment of patients and all aspects
of the treatments including patient interviews, diagnosis, treatment planning,
providing treatments and patient follow-up. Clinical Practicum programs must
provide patients for students to practice and further develop skills learned in the
didactic portion of training.
Effective clinical supervision of students is critical to a successful internship.
Students should have maximal supervision while treating patients. This allows
the supervisor to provide accurate and immediate feedback to the student, as well
as assess the students’ skills and competency moving forward through the
program. The ratio of a clinical supervisor to supervised students shall not be
more than 1:5 at any time.
Particularly, each supervisor must:
approve the treatment plan before treatment is provided as evidenced by the
supervisor’s signature;
be physically present with the student while the student is performing the
restricted activity; for the first 50 treatments a student intern performs;
be available for consultation and to assist the student in performing the
restricted activity as required, after the first 50 treatments; and
be able to observe, promptly intervene and stop or change the actions of the
student being supervised without unduly interrupting the care of the person on
whom the restricted activity is being performed.
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An acupuncture program must ensure that each student participates sufficiently in
the supervised care of patients. A minimum of 200 patient visits is required
where students can learn to treat a wide variety of conditions with acupuncture.
The primary care of a patient cannot be assigned to more than 2 students at the
same time. Additionally, the following minimums must be met:
five (5) New patient Intakes
two (2) Internal Medicine cases
two (2) Gynecology cases
three (3) of any of the following: neurological, oncology, dermatology,
pediatrics, or cardiovascular. For these cases that are less commonly seen
in student clinic up to 5 students may participate in the treatment of the
case.
Not more than 35% total cases of musculo-skeletal pain related conditions
Teaching clinic schedule, patient records and student’s reported clinic hours shall
all match.
Clinic Log Book
Students trained in Alberta will be required to keep a log book of all treatments
they observe and provide as an intern. This log book will be required to be
submitted with transcripts and other required documents for application to write
the Alberta Acupuncture Registration Exam (AARE) and for registration as a
member of the CAAA if the candidate sits licencing exams outside the province.
The Log book must contain the following information on each treatment observed
or provided:
Non-disclosing patient identification: patient id # within the institution’s
filing system or Initials. Enough to verify on audit not enough to violate a
patient’s right to privacy
Date of treatment (observation)
Treatment number X/200
Clinic Supervisor (s) Initials or signature on Treatment Plan and secondary
signatures if CS changes during shift or any alteration from proposed
Treatment plan
Basic history on the patient, reason for seeking treatment, SOAP notes, etc.
TCM Diagnosis and pattern differentiation
proposed Treatment Plan, including acupuncture, suitable herbal formula, diet
or lifestyle modifications
Treatment provided if different from proposed plan with student notation as
to why the change and initials of Clinic Supervisor of change. Examples
might include: rash on acupuncture point so ashi point nearby used instead,
patient requested Yin Tang, patient was uncomfortable with leg position so
acupuncture point___ was removed.
Additional notes observed by intern (observer)
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All treatment notes must be compliant with the Patient record keeping policy on the
patient files. The Log book is intended to be verified as a synopsis of the full patient
record and will be used to verify the student has completed the minimum number of
patient visits and to ensure the student has treated a variety of conditions as part of the
clinical practicum. It will be returned to the student upon acceptance to write the
AARE.
5. Off-campus clinical training
Acupuncture clinics that accommodate students for fulfilling their clinical practice
requirements in off-campus locations must meet the same standards as on-campus
teaching clinics. These clinics must have an official affiliation with the
educational institution and the institution must exercise academic oversight
equivalent to the one exercised in the on-campus teaching clinic.
Supervisors must meet the same qualifications for clinical instruction as in the on-
campus teaching clinic. All other requirements that apply to on-campus teaching
clinic such as the log book, patient record keeping etc. are still applicable.
Maximum allowable hours completed off campus cannot exceed 35% of total for
the program practicum.
6. Faculty and clinical supervisors
An acupuncture program must maintain a faculty that is academically qualified
and numerically sufficient to perform the responsibilities assigned to it. Faculty
members must demonstrate competency in the specific field they teach, which
includes proper professional education, practical professional experience, and
teaching experience. All instructors must have five (5) years of professional
experience in the subject matter.
The responsibilities of faculty members include the following:
design lesson plans, tests, exams and assignments
evaluate student’s work and progress
maintain attendance and academic records
provide remedial assistance if necessary
ensure that course objectives are met
keep course content updated
keep their knowledge updated according to the latest developments within the
field of their teaching
Clinical supervisors must be registered acupuncturists in Alberta in good standing,
and must have at least five (5) years’ clinical experience recognized by the
Council. They must have the skills and experience to assist with students’ learning
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and improvement of treatment skills. They must have full professional liability
insurance.
Programs must ensure students have a minimum of three (3) different Clinical
Supervisors responsible for assessing and evaluating students’ progress over the
clinical practicum.
The acupuncture program shall provide faculty members and clinical supervisors
with opportunities for professional growth and development.
7. Evaluation of student progress and achievement
The program shall demonstrate and document an assessment system that provides
accurate information to students and tracks students’ progress in knowledge,
skills, and competencies through the program.
Assessment in the form of examination shall be conducted at an appropriate level
to ensure students meet the requirements of the course. Number and complexity
of questions shall accurately reflect the objectives of the course.
All examinations must be proctored for the entirety of the exam.
The program must establish a grading system to ensure consistency. Instructor
shall report results of examinations and assignments to the program administrator
in an un-editable format in a timely manner.
Students shall be given their grades in each course: after each exam or
assignment, at the end of each semester and be provided with final transcripts in a
timely manner.
Final Transcripts must include:
Course Name or number
Year and term
Instructor
Final grade
Any course a student registers in must be appear on the transcript regardless of
outcome i.e. pass, withdraw or fails a course.
Students must be provided assessment of their progress or status prior to key
program drop dates, which are based on the program’s design, and must be
published so they are known to students. Drop dates must match regulation for
refund of tuition after training begins as per Private Vocational Training Act.
Students must be provided with progress report upon request.
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Based on the assessment results, the program can conduct systematic review of its
educational objectives and make efforts to improve the quality of professional
education delivered to students.
IV. STANDARDS RELATED TO PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION
1. Chief administrator
An acupuncture program must appoint a chief administrator who is responsible
for the entire operation of the program, administration of the policies and
procedures, and communication with faculty and students.
The program shall have administrative staff of a size appropriate to the size of the
program. The administration must be qualified and well organized with clearly
defined roles and responsibilities.
The administration shall develop policies and procedures to govern operation of
the program, and ensure established policies and procedures are followed.
Each program must have its own Student Handbook and Clinic Handbook and
Code of Student Conduct.
2. Records
The program must have accurate and complete record keeping system that is
compliant with all applicable privacy legislations such as Freedom of Information
and Protection of Privacy Act, Personal Information Protection Act and Health
Information Act. Role based access to all records is required.
Student records, including academic, attendance and financial records, shall be
maintained and stored at the site of the program for all students currently enrolled
in the program. The program shall have a written policy for storage of and access
to student records to ensure security and confidentiality. Student records must be
retained by the program for a period of at least 3 years after their graduation.
The program must maintain patient records which shall be kept accurate, secured,
complete and confidential with respect to the generally accepted standards of
health care practice. The program must maintain patient files for student clinic
separate from patient files of any member, or other healthcare provider, even if
they practice out of the same clinic space. Any patient who is seen by a member
and in the student clinic must have a separate patient file for the student clinic.
Records of patients who are treated by students under supervision must be signed
by the student and the supervisor(s) on duty. Students must only have access to
those patient files that they are actively assigned to and only on during their
school hours. No after-hours access to physical or electronic records is permitted.
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Electronic records require the same security to access as physical records except
that they must be backed up and the back up stored off-site. Additionally, policies
should be in place to define the procedures for back up and who is responsible for
this.
3. Faculty and course evaluation
The program must have a policy regarding faculty and course evaluations. The
purpose is to provide faculty with feedback on the quality of their teaching and to
encourage improvement of instruction. Faculty and course evaluations shall be
conducted at the end of a course by the students and/or by other faculty after class
visits. The faculty evaluation should be based on fulfillment of teaching
responsibilities. It shall be conducted in an anonymous manner, and the evaluation
results must be communicated to the faculty member in a timely manner.
Documentation demonstrating faculty evaluation by the administration and
student feedback should be kept on file for the full length of time a student is
enrolled in the program.
4. Student services and activities
The program must have services available for students to assist them with their
educational, personal and professional growth, facilitate communication between
students, faculty, staff and administration, and create good student morale while
making progress toward their career goals.
Student services may include student study groups, student committees and other
activities to the benefits of students. Student services should be documented in
Student Handbook that detail their rights, privileges and responsibilities, and
disciplinary proceedings for violations of those responsibilities.
5. Student grievances
The program must have a fair, efficient and effective complaints resolution
process to review and respond to grievances made by students. This process needs
to be published in the Student Handbook (or other such document) and should be
part of the student orientation. The entire procedure must be accurately
documented and maintained in file for at least three (3) years following the
initiation of any complaints.
The complaint resolution process must include someone outside the original
complaint and must eliminate any faculty or staff from multiple roles in the
process.
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 21
The program must have an appeal policy in place for students to appeal grades or
any other administrative decisions. This policy shall provide clear instruction on
appeal procedures, such as how and when to file an official appeal.3 The appeal
process should include a neutral third party, who has no vested interest in the
outcome.
6. Transfer of credit
Credits are awarded after successful completion of a teaching unit.
An acupuncture program may accept transferred credits from another professional
program which is considered equivalent to the requirements for graduation from a
professional acupuncture program. However, at least 50% of the courses or credit
hours must be taken in the acupuncture program of the institution granting the
certificate or degree. The acupuncture program can only accept transferred credits
for those courses which the applicants have achieved the educational objectives.
7. Communication
The administration must ensure effective communication with faculty members,
students, governing body of the profession, government departments, and other
relevant organizations, such as faculty evaluation feedback, student grades,
grievances, announcements, and new policies and regulations, etc. Copies of
communication sent/received as well as minutes for meetings must be kept on file.
V. STANDARDS RELATED TO PHYSICAL SPACE, FACILITIES,
EQUIPMENT AND OTHER LEARNING RESOURCES
1. Physical space, facilities and equipment
The facilities of the program must be safe, functional, adequate and accessible to
ensure the welfare of students, faculty, staff and patients, including those with
disabilities. Facilities must meet local fire, safety and health standards.
The physical space, facilities and equipment of the institution must be cleaned and
repaired as needed on a regular base to ensure a healthy environment for faculty,
students, patients and staff.
3 See also: Practices and Procedures for Appeals under Section 11.1 of the School Act. Accessible online:
www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/education/administration/legislation-
policy/legislation/studentappeals/sab_procedures_manual.pdf
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 22
The program shall have appropriate media and learning equipment adequate for
delivery of the curriculum.
Classroom size and clinic size shall be appropriate to the number of students and
patients.
2. Teaching clinic
The teaching clinic must comply with local environmental, health and safety
legislation. The clinic must be equipped and staffed in the same way as a regular
acupuncture clinic, and its size has to be adequate to accommodate all students,
supervisors and patients that are using the teaching clinic at any given time.
The teaching clinic must be sufficient space for a waiting room, reception area,
secure file storage, treatment rooms, gathering space for students with storage for
personal belongings, private discussion area and supervisor’s office, washroom(s)
and storage space for equipment.
3. Library and other learning resources
A library and other learning resources must be appropriate to the curriculum and
readily available and accessible to students and faculty. A copy of each of the
program’s required and recommended texts books should be available along with
those references designated for the Alberta Acupuncture Registration Exams.
The library’s materials should contain a good amount of recent and contemporary
items such as books, TCM related magazines, multi-media learning materials that
can contribute to the educational objectives of the Acupuncture program.
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 23
VI. CONCLUSION
Acupuncture is a system based on the holistic principles of traditional Chinese medicine,
with its own theoretical foundation, diagnosis, treatment principles and treatment
modalities, as well as standards and competency and practice. The Entry-level
Occupational Competencies for the Practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine outlines the
competencies required for a practitioner to perform a job function with a specified level
of proficiency independently. The Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture
Education is intended to set out the standards, requirements and guidelines for a
professional acupuncture program to provide students with the required knowledge,
competency, skills and attitudes.
The standards proposed in this document are based on research and are in line with
requirements implemented in other jurisdictions, both nationally and internationally.
Education is the foundation of a profession. Current acupuncture programs in Alberta
shall conduct a self-review based on the standards proposed, and make adjustments as
needed to further improve the quality of education.
It is sincerely hoped that this document will benefit students, acupuncture education
providers, and the profession of acupuncturists in Alberta. Improved standards of
education will improve the competence and skills of acupuncturists, which will ultimately
benefit Albertans by receiving safe, quality and ethical treatments by acupuncturists in
Alberta.
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 24
References and Sources
Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine. (2016, February 27).
Accreditation Manual. Retrieved from http://acaom.org/governing-documents/
Acupuncture Foundation Professional Association. (2017). AFPA Training Standards.
Retrieved from http://afpa.ie/afpa-training-standards/
Acupuncture Regulation. Alberta Regulation 42/1988.
Acupuncture Training Programs, California Code of Regulations. tit. 16, § 3.5 (2005,
January 1). Retrieved from
http://www.acupuncture.ca.gov/pubs_forms/laws_regs/index.shtml
Alberta Health and Wellness. Workforce Policy and Planning Health Workforce
Division. (2005, April 20). Standards of Competency and Practice. Retrieved
from http://acupuncturealberta.ca/regulations-policies/
British Acupuncture Council. (2011, October). Standards of Education and Training for
Acupuncture. Retrieved from http://www.baab.co.uk/downloads/key-
accreditation-documents.html
Canadian Alliance of Regulatory Bodies for TCM Practitioners and Acupuncturists.
(2010, May). Entry-Level Occupational Competencies for the Practice of
Traditional Chinese Medicine in Canada. Retrieved from
https://www.ctcmpao.on.ca/resources/forms-and-documents/
Council of Acupuncture Oriental Medicine Associations. (n.d.). Standards for
Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine. Retrieved from
http://sonic.net/~brianf/caoma/aom_standards.htm
Curricula, Admission requirements, Acupuncture program information of Reeves
College, Edmonton; Grant MacEwan University, Edmonton; CCTCMA, Calgary;
ACATCM, Calgary and CITCM, Calgary, provided by CAAA.
Health and Care Professions Council. (2014, July). Standards of Education and Training
Guidance. Retrieved from http://www.hcpc-uk.org/education/standards/
Health Disciplines Act, Revised Statutes of Alberta (2000, c. H-2). Retrieved from
http://www.qp.alberta.ca/570.cfm
Mei, M. F. (2006, October). Chinese Medicine Education – A Global View [Web log
post]. Retrieved from http://mfm.acumedic.com/2012/01/chinese-medicine-
education---a-global-view/
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 25
Robinson, N. G. (2016). Why we need minimum basic requirements in science for
acupuncture education. Medicines, 3(3), 21; doi:10.3390/medicines3030021.
Standards of Competency and Practice, Alberta Health and Wellness rev. April 2005
State of Georgia Non-public Postsecondary Education Commission. (2016, October).
Minimum Standards and Criteria Non-public Postsecondary Education
Commission (NPEC) Institutions. Retrieved from https://gnpec.org/about-
gnpec/minimum-standards/
WHO Consultation on Acupuncture. (1996, November 1). Guidelines on Basic Training
and Safety in Acupuncture. Retrieved from
http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Jwhozip56e/
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 26
Appendices
Appendix 1: Standards of Competency and Practice, Alberta Health and Wellness,
April 2005
http://acupuncturealberta.ca/pdfs/regulations/standard-competency-practice.pdf
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 27
Appendix 2: Entry-Level Occupational Competencies for the Practice of Traditional
Chinese Medicine in Canada (May 2010)
Canadian Alliance of Regulatory Bodies for TCM Practitioners and Acupuncturists
Copyright © 2010 Canadian Alliance of Regulatory Bodies for TCM Practitioners and
Acupuncturists All rights reserved
INTRODUCTION
The Occupational Competencies were developed by the Canadian Alliance of Regulatory
Bodies for Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners and Acupuncturists over the period
January 2008 – October 2009. They were updated in May 2010, at which time
Performance Indicators and Assessment Blueprints were established.
The development process involved the identification of proposed competencies by an
inter-provincial committee of experienced Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
practitioners and educators, working with a consultant4. The committee utilized source
documents from various countries describing TCM education and practice, as well as the
expertise of its members.
This was followed by surveys of practitioners in British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario,
Québec and Newfoundland & Labrador, to determine the extent to which the proposed
competencies were deemed by practitioners to be important, frequently used and
appropriate as entry-level requirements.
The Occupational Competencies are subject to the approval of the regulatory authority in
each jurisdiction. They are intended to identify the job tasks in which entry-level TCM
practitioners and acupuncturists should be proficient, in order to provide safe, effective
and ethical practice.
The members of the Alliance gratefully acknowledge the Government of Canada, under
the Foreign Credential Recognition Program, for funding this project in partnership with
BC's Ministry of Advanced Education and Labor Market Development.
Canadian regulatory jurisdictions currently utilize different occupational titles to regulate
the practice of TCM.
OCCUPATIONAL COMPETENCIES AND ENTRY-LEVEL PROFICIENCY
An Occupational Competency is defined as a job task that can be carried out to a
specified level of proficiency.
The following statement defines Entry-Level Proficiency:
When presented with routine situations, the entry-level practitioner applies each relevant
competency in a manner consistent with generally accepted standards in the profession,
4 Catalysis Consulting, www.catalysisconsulting.net
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 28
without supervision or direction, and within a reasonable timeframe. The practitioner
selects and applies competencies in an informed manner. The practitioner anticipates
what outcomes to expect in a given situation, and responds appropriately.
The entry-level practitioner recognizes unusual, difficult- to- resolve and complex
situations which may be beyond his / her capacity. The practitioner takes appropriate and
ethical steps to address these situations, which may include seeking consultation or
supervision, reviewing research literature, or referring the client.
Development beyond entry-level proficiency is to be encouraged. This involves
Advanced Skills, Expert Skills and Leadership:
The practitioner working at an advanced level has extensive experience and exhibits a
more in-depth understanding of clinical situations. Decision-making and treatment flow
more efficiently because the practitioner readily perceives which aspects of a presenting
situation are the important ones, and how they should be addressed. The practitioner
working at an advanced level deals effectively with most unusual, difficult-to-resolve and
complex situations. Beyond the advanced level, practitioners may be recognized as
experts or leaders in their fields, who contribute to the advancement of the profession.
FRAMEWORK FOR THE OCCUPATIONAL COMPETENCIES
The Occupational Competencies are grouped into the following Practice Areas:
1. Interpersonal Skills
2. Professionalism
3. Practice Management
4. Traditional Chinese Medicine Foundations
5. Fundamentals of Biomedicine
6. Diagnostics and Treatment
7. Acupuncture Techniques
8. Herbal Dispensary Management
9. Safety
Within each Practice Area, the Occupational Competencies are identified as
Common (applicable to both Acupuncture and Herbology)
Acupuncture (unique to the practice of Acupuncture)
Herbology (unique to the practice of Herbology)
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 29
PRACTICE AREA 1 - INTERPERSONAL SKILLS
Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology
1.1 Utilize professional communication.
a Speak effectively, using appropriate
terminology.
b Write effectively, using appropriate
terminology.
c Comprehend written information. d Comprehend information presented orally. e Respond to non-verbal communication. f Respond to sources of interpersonal conflict. g Ensure effectiveness of communication.
1.2 Develop and maintain effective inter-
professional relationships.
a Develop productive working relationships.
b Work cooperatively in an interdisciplinary
health care setting.
1.3 Develop and maintain effective relationships
with patients.
a Show respect toward patients as individuals. b Exhibit compassion toward patients.
c Maintain practitioner / patient boundaries.
d Facilitate honest, reciprocal communication.
e Encourage patient to take responsibility for
his/her health.
PRACTICE AREA 2 - PROFESSIONALISM
Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology
2.1 Comply with legal requirements.
a Apply to practice current, relevant federal and
provincial / territorial legislation.
b Apply to practice current requirements of
regulatory body.
c
Apply to practice current, relevant
requirements of municipal and other local
authorities.
2.2 Practice in a manner that accords patient
dignity and reflects patient rights.
a Ensure that patient is aware of treatment plan,
its benefits and risks.
b Ensure ongoing, informed consent.
c Respect patient rights to privacy and
confidentiality.
d Terminate course of treatment when
appropriate.
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 30
Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology
2.3 Maintain practitioner self-care.
a Maintain personal health and wellness in the
context of professional practice.
b Exhibit professional deportment. 2.4 Practice with professional integrity.
a Practice within limits of expertise.
b Modify practice to enhance effectiveness.
c Remain current with developments in
acupuncture practice.
d Remain current with developments in TCM
herbology practice.
e Exhibit professional behavior.
PRACTICE AREA 3 - PRACTICE MANAGEMENT
Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology
3.1 Maintain patient records. a Ensure complete and accurate records.
b Ensure security and integrity of records. 3.2 Utilize effective business strategies a Ensure sound financial management.
b Establish office procedures and supervise staff
accordingly.
c Employ ethical business practices.
PRACTICE AREA 4 – TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE FOUNDATIONS
Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology
4.1
Apply fundamental knowledge of the
following Traditional Chinese Medicine
principles in diagnosis and treatment.
a yin yang b wu xing (five elements)
c zang xiang (organ theories)
d jing-luo & shu xue (channels, collaterals, and
Acupuncture points)
e qi, xue, jin ye, jing, & shen (qi, blood, body
fluid, essence, spirit)
f ti zhi (constitution) g bing yin (etiology) h bing ji (pathogenesis) i yu fang (prevention)
j zhi ze (principles of treatment) k yang sheng (health preservation)
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 31
Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology
4.2 Apply fundamentals of Acupuncture in
diagnosis and treatment.
a Characterize the following points:
i jing xue (points of the 14 channels)
ii jing wai qi xue (extra points)
b
Apply knowledge of the following
special groupings of points, in treatment
planning:
i wu shu xue (five transporting points)
ii yuan xue (source points)
iii luo xue (connecting points)
iv xi xue (cleft points)
vi mu xue (front / mu points)
vii xia he xue (lower sea points)
viii ba mai jiao hui xue (eight confluent
points)
ix ba hui xue (eight meeting (influential)
points)
x zi mu xue (mother / child points) xi jiao hui xue (channel crossing points) xii a shi xue (ah shi points) xiii ear and scalp Acupuncture c Select points for assessment.
d Select points or areas for therapy. e Select stimulation techniques.
f
Apply knowledge of precautions and
contraindications for application of
stimulation techniques.
g Apply knowledge of: i tui na / an mo (acupressure) ii qi gong / tai ji iii gua sha
4.3
Apply knowledge of the following
properties and functions of TCM herbs
in treatment planning:
a si qi (four properties)
b wu wei (five flavors)
c sheng jiang fu chen (ascending,
descending, floating, sinking)
d gui jing (channel tropism)
e actions
f indications
g toxicity
h pao zhi (processing of herbs)
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 32
Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology
4.4 Apply knowledge of herbal formulating
strategies, with reference to:
a composition of formula
b modification of formula
c functions & classifications
d combinations & compatibility
e dosage form & methods of administration
f dosage
g potential adverse effects
h contraindications & precautions
4.5 Apply knowledge of the following herb
interactions in treatment planning:
a herb – drug interactions
b herb – herb interactions
c herb – food interactions
d herb – natural health product interactions
PRACTICE AREA 5 - FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOMEDICINE
Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology
5.1 Apply basic biomedical concepts to TCM
practice.
a human anatomical structures b biochemical processes
c control mechanisms d infectious diseases and infection control e dysfunctions and common diseases
5.2 Relate biomedical diagnostic and treatment
approaches to TCM practice.
a diagnosis and treatment methods b pharmacology
5.3 Integrate TCM and biomedical concepts.
a
Relate biomedical information concerning
patient’s condition and treatment to TCM state
of health.
b
Communicate TCM diagnostic and treatment
information for use by other health care
workers, and to third parties.
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 33
PRACTICE AREA 6 - DIAGNOSTICS & TREATMENT
Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology
6.1 Establish priorities for assessment and
treatment planning.
a Identify chief complaint.
b Initiate assessment based upon chief
complaint.
c
Recognize conditions that require urgent
medical treatment, and direct patient
appropriately.
d Modify assessment strategy based upon
emerging information.
e Initiate collaboration, consultation or
referral as appropriate.
6.2 Assess patient.
a Collect information using wang zhen
(TCM diagnostic inspection method).
b Collect information using wen zhen
(TCM diagnostic inquiry method).
c
Collect information using wen zhen
(TCM diagnostic auscultation and
olfaction methods).
d Collect information using qie zhen (TCM
diagnostic palpation method).
e Measure vital signs.
f Conduct relevant non-invasive physical
examination.
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 34
Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology
6.3 Analyze assessment information.
a
Organize and interpret the collected
information using the following TCM
syndrome differentiation methods:
i
ba gang bian zheng (eight principles
differentiation)
ii
zang-fu bian zheng (organ theory
differentiation)
iii
wu xing bian zheng (five elements
differentiation)
iv san jiao bian zheng (triple warmer
differentiation)
v wei qi ying xue bian zheng (four levels
differentiation)
vi liu jing bian zheng (six stages
differentiation)
vii qi xue jin ye bian zheng (qi, blood, body
fluid differentiation)
viii bing yin bian zheng (pathogenic factors
differentiation)
ix jing luo bian zheng (meridian
differentiation)
b
Incorporate information obtained from
biomedical diagnostic data, medical and
health history.
c Make TCM diagnosis.
6.4 Establish treatment plan based on
diagnosis.
a Determine treatment goals and strategies.
b Take into account precautions and
contraindications.
d Adapt treatment according to patient
characteristics and needs.
e Select appropriate points, point
combinations and / or treatment areas.
f Select appropriate course of acupuncture
treatment and therapeutic modalities.
g Devise applicable TCM herbal formula.
h Devise appropriate course of herbal
treatment.
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 35
Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology
6.5 Provide acupuncture treatment.
a Adapt clinical setting to enhance comfort
and safety.
b Position patient for treatment.
c Locate selected points on patient.
d Apply treatment techniques.
e Monitor and respond to patient condition
during treatment.
6.6 Implement herbal treatment plan.
a Instruct patient on accessing TCM herbal
formula.
b Instruct patient on administration of TCM
herbal formula.
6.7 Monitor effectiveness of treatment
plan and modify where necessary.
a Evaluate effectiveness of treatment plan
on an ongoing basis.
b Modify treatment plan to enhance
effectiveness.
6.8 Educate and counsel patient.
a Explain etiology and pathogenesis of
condition.
b Explain TCM concepts as they apply to
patient condition.
c Inform patient of possible side effects
and reaction to treatment.
d Advise patient on yu fang and yang sheng
(prevention and health preservation).
e Counsel patient on compliance with
treatment recommendations.
PRACTICE AREA 7 - ACUPUNCTURE TECHNIQUES
Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology
7.1 Perform needling. a Perform filiform needling.
b Perform dermal (plum blossom, seven star)
needling.
c Perform intra-dermal tack needling. d Perform three-edge needling. 7.2 Perform moxibustion. a Perform direct moxibustion. b Perform indirect moxibustion. c Perform needle-warming moxibustion.
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 36
Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology
7.3 Perform treatment utilizing supplementary
devices.
a Perform stimulation using heat lamps.
b Perform stimulation using electro-acupuncture
devices.
7.4 Perform cupping. 7.5 Perform tui na.
PRACTICE AREA 8 – HERBAL DISPENSARY MANAGEMENT
Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology
8.1 Maintain herbal inventory.
a Identify appropriate supply for herbs.
b Assess quality of herbs with reference to:
i packaging
ii labeling
iii physical properties
iv available quality assurance information
c Store herbs in appropriate conditions,
including:
i environment
ii security
iii monitoring
d Maintain records with respect to inventory.
8.2 Prepare and dispense herbal formulas.
a Verify formula information is clear,
complete and accurate.
b Verify availability of components and
confirm substitution if required.
c Confirm identity of components.
d Compound formula.
e Apply packaging.
f Apply labeling.
g Provide instructions for storage and use.
h Maintain dispensing records.
PRACTICE AREA 9 - SAFETY
Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology
9.1 Evaluate patient risk profile.
a Determine risk profile relative to acupuncture
treatment.
b Determine level of risk relative to TCM herbal
treatment.
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 37
Occupational Competencies Common Acupuncture Herbology
9.2 Provide a safe working environment.
a Maintain current knowledge of communicable
diseases and infection control techniques.
b Apply universal precautions for infection
control.
c Ensure effective supervision of staff and / or
students.
d
Inspect facilities on a regular basis for
electrical hazards, fire risk and physical
hazards that may cause accidents, and take
action to minimize.
e Establish procedures and route for emergency
evacuation of facilities.
f
Establish procedures to maximize protection of
self, staff and patients in the event of abusive or
violent behavior.
9.3 Manage risks to patients.
a Include safety precautions in herbal treatment
plan.
b Manage adverse reactions and accidents
resulting from treatment.
c Respond appropriately to medical emergencies.
d Manage blood-to-blood contact and provide
direction for post-exposure follow up.
e Clean spills of blood and other body fluids.
f Control and extinguish small fires.
9.4 Ensure that equipment is safe and
functional.
a Select equipment that enhances patient safety. b Maintain equipment in good working order.
c Clean and equipment regularly, and disinfect as
appropriate.
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 38
Appendix 3: National and International Acupuncture Education: Program Duration
(basic comparison)
Jurisdictions Program duration Details Ireland (AFPA) 3 years
U.S.A. (CAOMA) 3 – 4 years 2,500 – 3,500 hrs.
California 4 years, 8 semesters, 12 quarters, 9
trimesters or 36 months
1,548 hours of theoretical training
plus 800 hours of clinical
instruction.
U.K. (BAB) 3 years (FT), 3600 hrs. (Including 1200 hrs.
structured time with 400 hrs. of
clinical practice)
Australia 3 – 5 years
New Zealand 3 – 5 years
WHO
Recommendation
2,500 hrs. and basic biosciences education
Jurisdictions Program duration Details CTCMA - BC 1900 hours of which 450 hours
are Clinical practicum
1900 hours over 3 years 450 clinical practicum
and of that 225 are supervised practice hours.
EOCPIA Common and Acupuncture
NB Identical for TCM Herbalist except in
EOCPIA, Common and Herbology apply
http://www.ctcma.bc.ca/resources/education-
program-review/
TCMPAO - ON 3 years full time education, and
500 direct patient contact hours
https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/130027
OAQ - QC 3 years full time One program offered in French only
http://acupuncture.crosemont.qc.ca/
TCMPANL - NL No Program https://ctcmpanl.ca/learn-about-traditional-chinese-medicine/education-of-
an-acupuncturist/ gives no indication of a
program available in NL
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 39
Appendix 4: Program duration of other health professions in Alberta
Regulatory Body Program
Duration
Classroo
m Hours
Internship Board Exams
Alberta College &
Association of
Chiropractors (ACAC)
4 years 4,500
hrs.
(Includin
g 600
hrs. of
internshi
p)
600 hours
(included in
the 4,500
hrs.)
ACAC registration requirements include
passing national board exams.
College of Alberta
Dental Assistants
(CADA)
2 years NAIT is
a two
year
diploma
program
900 hours. Must successfully pass the National Dental
Assisting Examining Board (NDAEB)
written examination.
College of Registered
Dental Hygienists of
Alberta (CRDHA)
3 years Successful completion of the written
examination delivered by the National
Dental Hygiene Certification Board
(NDHCB) of Canada is required.
College of Dieticians
of Alberta (CDA)
4 years 35 – 40
weeks
Must successfully complete the Canadian
Dietetic Registration Examination.
College of
Naturopathic Doctors
of Alberta (CNDA)
4 years Must successfully complete the written
NPLEX examinations.
College of Midwives
of Alberta
4 years Objective Structured Clinical Exam
(OSCE). Valid certification in neonatal
resuscitation, CPR and managing
obstetrical emergencies.
College of Licensed
Practical Nurses of
Alberta
2 years Canadian Practical Nurse Registration
Exam (CPNRE)
College of Registered
Psychiatric Nurses of
Alberta (CRPNA)
3 years 45-
credits.
Registered Psychiatric Nurses of Canada
Examination (RPNCE)
Alberta College of
Occupational
Therapists (ACOT)
4 years 28 weeks Canadian Association of Occupational
Therapists (CAOT) National Certification
Exam.
Alberta College of
Optometrists (ACO)
4 years Canadian Assessment of Competency in
Optometry (CACO) exam.
Alberta College of
Paramedics
10 mo (EMT)
2 yrs (EMT-P)
The College administers Provincial
Registration Examinations at the EMT and
EMT-P levels.
Physiotherapy Alberta
College & Association
4 years The Canadian Alliance of Physiotherapy
Regulators (The Alliance) administers the
Physiotherapy Competency Examination
(PCE)
College of Physicians
and Surgeons of
Alberta
Medical
degree from a
school listed in
the
International
Medical
Education
Check
each
program
Residency Passed the Medical Council of Canada
Evaluating Examination (MCCEE), if you
obtained your medical degree outside
Canada or the U.S. or have Doctor of
Osteopathy degree from the U.S.
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 40
Directory.
College of Alberta
Psychologists (CAP)
3 years 1600 hours Oral Exam: to be completed prior to
moving to Standards for Supervision form
B)
Examination for Professional Practice in
Psychology (EPPP Exam): can be
completed at any time during the
registration process.
Alberta College of
Social Workers
(ACSW)
2 years 1500 hours Association of Social Work Boards
(ASWB) exams.
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 41
Appendix 5 – Common Diseases
Infectious & Parasitic Diseases
1. bacillary dysentery
2. cholera
3. epidemic encephalitis
4. leptospirosis
5. malaria
6. mumps
7. schistosomiases
8. typhoid fever
9. viral hepatitis
Respiratory Diseases
10. bronchial asthma
11. bronchitis
12. pneumococcal pneumonia
13. pneumothorax
14. primary bronchopulmonary carcinoma
15. pulmonary tuberculosis
Cardiovascular Diseases
16. chronic heart failure
17. chronic lung cardiomyopathy
18. hypertension
19. ischemic heart disease
20. rheumatic fever
21. rheumatic heart disease
22. viral myocarditis
Gastrointestinal Diseases
23. acute pancreatitis
24. chronic gastritis
25. gastrointestinal ulcers
26. hepatocirrhosis
27. primary hepatic carcinoma
28. stomach carcinoma
29. ulcerative colitis
Urinary System Diseases
30. chronic glomerulonephritis
31. chronic renal failure
32. urinary tract infection
Hematological Diseases
33. aplastic anemia
34. leukemia
35. leukopenia & agranulocytosis
36. thrombocytopenic purpura
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 42
Endocrine Diseases
37. diabetes
38. hyperthyroidism
Nervous System Diseases
39. acute cerebrovascular diseases
40. epilepsy
41. facial paralysis
42. Guillain-Barre syndrome
43. Meniere's disease
44. neurosis
45. sciatica
46. trigeminal neuralgia
Acute Poisoning
47. acute poisoning
48. organic phosphate insecticide poisoning
Reference: Western Medicine Internal Medicine Foundations (for Chinese medicine,
acupuncture and tui-na specializations), 1986, by Yin Fengli et al, Shanghai Science and
Technology Publishing House
Source: Pan-Canadian Standards for Traditional Chinese Medicines Practitioners and
Acupuncturists. Performance Indicators and Assessment Blueprints for the Entry Level
Occupational Competencies May 2015 revision – Appendix 6
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 43
Appendix 6 – Common Drugs
Efferent Nervous System Pharmacology
1. Adrenergic drugs (noradrenaline; isoproterenol; adrenaline; ephedrine; dopamine)
2. Antiadrenergic drugs (propranolol; acetabulol; atenolol; metoprolol)
3. Anticholinergic drugs (atropine)
4. Cholinergic drugs (pilocarpine; nicotine; pyridine; neostigmine)
Central Nervous System Pharmacology
5. Analgesic drugs (morphine; codeine; naloxone; dolantin; fentanyl; methadone;
pentazocine, oxycontin)
6. Antiepileptic & antiparkinsonism drugs (phenytoin; ethosuximide; valproate;
phenobarbital; clonazepam; levodopa)
7. Antipyretic analgesic drugs (aspirin; paracetamol; indomethacin; ibuprofen;
aminopyrine; phenylbutazone)
8. Central stimulants (caffeine; coramine; doxapram)
9. Psychotherapeutic drugs (chlorpromazine; haloperidol; imipramine; amitriptyline)
10. Sedative hypnotic drugs (benzodiazepines; barbituates)
11. Cannabis
Cardiovascular System Pharmacology
12. Antianginal drugs (nitroglycerin; beta blockers; dipyramidole; nifedipine)
13. Antiarrhythmic drugs (quinidine; procainamide; lidocaine; phenytoin;
propranolol; amiodarone; verapamil)
14. Antihypertensive drugs (reserpine; beta blockers; prazosin; hydralazine;
hydrochlorothiazide; captopril)
15. Cardiac glycosides (digoxin)
16. Diuretic drugs (thiazides; furosemide; antisterone; spironolactone; triamterene;
mannitol)
17. Drugs for hyperlipidemia (clofibrate; nicotinic acid; cholestyramine)
Respiration, Gastrointestinal, Hematologic and Uterine Pharmacology
18. Drugs for gastrointestinal tract disorders (antacids; H2 receptor antagonists;
magnesium sulfate; irritant laxatives; diphenoxylate; loperamide)
19. Drugs for respiratory tract disorders (salbutamol; aminophylline; beclomethasone)
20. Hematologic and hemapoetic drugs (heparin; dicoumarol; warfarin; aspirin;
vitamin K; ferrous sulfate; folic acid; vitamin B12)
21. Uterine stimulant drugs (oxytocin; ergot; prostaglandins)
Endocrine Pharmacology
22. Adrenal steroids and related drugs (cortisone; hydroxycortisone; prednisone;
prednisolone; dexamethasone)
23. Drugs for diabetes mellitus (insulin; tolbutamide; metformin)
24. Drugs for hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism (thyroxine; triiodothyronine;
methylthiouracil; carbimazole)
25. Endogenous peptides and their antagonists (histamine; diphenhydramine;
cimetidine; prostaglandin; 5-HT; methsergide; angiotensin)
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 44
Chemotherapy
26. Antibacterial drugs (penicillins; cephalosporins; erythromycin; clindamycin;
aminoglycosides; tetracyclines; chloramphenicol)
27. Antimycotic & antiviral drugs (griseofulvin; amphotericin B; nystatin;
clotrimazole; amantadine)
28. Antineoplastic drugs (cyclophosphamide; methotrexate; mercaptopurine;
fluorouracil; hydroxyurea; bleomycin; vincristine; colchicine)
29. Antiparasitic drugs (chloroquinine; primaquine; pyrimethamine; piperazine;
pyrantel; mebendazole)
30. Antituberculotic drugs (isoniazid; streptomycin; rifampicin; ethambutol;
pyrazinamide)
31. Sulfonamides & other drugs (sulfisoxazole; sulfadiazine; sulfamethoxazole;
sulfamidine; phthalylsulfathiazole; sulfacetamide; silver sulfadiazine; sulfamylon;
trimethoprim; furantoin)
Reference: Pharmacology (for Chinese medicine, Chinese herbology specializations),
1984, by Wang Qinmao et al, Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House
Source: Pan-Canadian Standards for Traditional Chinese Medicines Practitioners and
Acupuncturists. Performance Indicators and Assessment Blueprints for the Entry Level
Occupational Competencies May 2015 revision – Appendix 7
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 45
Appendix 7 – TCM Herbs list
Materia Medica (Pin-yin, Chinese and Botanical name) 292 Total
A
1. Ai Ye 艾葉 Folium Artemisiae Argyi
B
2. Ba Ji Tian 巴戟天 Radix Morindae Officinalis
3. Bai Bian Dou 白扁豆 Semen Dolichoris Album
4. Bai Bu 百部 Radix Stemonae
5. Bai Dou Kou 白豆蔻 Fructus Amomi Rotundus
6. Bai Fu Zi 白附子 Rhizoma Typhonii
7. Bai Guo 白果 Semen Ginkgo
8. Bai He 百合 Bulbus Lilli
9. Bai Hua She Cao 白花蛇舌草 Herba Hedyotis Diffusae
10. Bai Ji 白芨 Rhizoma Bletillae
11. Bai Ji Li/Ci Ji Li 白蒺藜/刺蒺藜 Fructus Tribuli
12. Bai Jiang Cao 敗醬草 Herba Patriniae
13. Bai Jie Zi 白芥子 Semen Sinapis Albae
14. Bai Mao Gen 白茅根 Rhizoma Imperatae
15. Bai Qian 白前 Rhizoma Cynanchi Stauntonii
16. Bai Shao 白芍 Radix Paeoniae Alba
17. Bai Tou Weng 白頭翁 Radix Pulsatillae
18. Bai Wei 白薇 Radix Cynanchi Atrati
19. Bai Xian Pi 白蘚皮 Cortex Dictamni Radicis
20. Bai Zhi 白芷 Radix Angelicae Dahuricae
21. Bai Zhu 白朮 Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae
22. Ban Lan Gen 板藍根 Radix Isatidis
23. Ban Xia 半夏 Rhizoma Pinelliae
24. Bei Xie 萆薢 Rhizoma Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae
25. Bian Xu 萹蓄 Herba Polygoni Avicularis
26. Bie Jia 鱉甲 Carapax Trionycis
27. Bin Lang 檳榔 Semen Arecae
28. Bo He 薄荷 Herba Menthae
29. Bo/Bai Zi Ren 柏子仁 Semen Biotae
30. Bu Gu Zhi 補骨脂 Fructus Psoraleae
C
31. Can Sha 蠶砂 Faeces Bombycis
32. Cang Er Zi 蒼耳子 Fructus Xanthii
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 46
33. Cang Zhu 蒼朮 Rhizoma Atractylodis
34. Cao Dou Kou 草豆蔻 Semen Alpiniae Katsumadai
35. Cao Guo 草果 Fructus Tsaoko
36. Ce Bo Ye 側柏葉 Cacumen Biotae
37. Chai Hu 柴胡 Radix Bupleuri
38. Chan Tui 蟬蛻 Periostracum Cicadae
39. Che Qian Zi 車前子 Semen Plantaginis
40. Chen Xiang 沈香 Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum
41. Chi Shao Yao 赤芍藥 Radix Paeoniae Rubra
42. Chi Shi Zhi 赤石脂 Halloysitum Rubrum
43. Chi Xiao Dou 赤小豆 Semen Phaseoli
44. Chuan Bei Mu 川貝母 Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae
45. Chuan Lian Zi 川楝子 Fructus Meliae Toosendan
46. Chuan Xiong 川芎 Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong
47. Ci Shi 磁石 Magnetitum
D
48. Da Fu Pi 大腹皮 Pericarpium Arecae
49. Da Huang 大黃 Radix et Rhizoma Rhei
50. Da Ji 大薊 Radix Cirsii Japonici
51. Da Qing Ye 大青葉 Folium Isatidis
52. Da Zao 大棗 Fructus Ziziphi Jujibae
53. Dai Zhe Shi 代赭石 Haematitum
54. Dan Dou Shi/Chi 淡豆豉 Semen Sojae Praeparatum
55. Dan Shen 丹參 Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae
56. Dan Zhu Ye 淡竹葉 Herba Lophatheri
57. Dang Gui 當歸 Radix Angelicae Sinensis
58. Dang Shen 黨參 Radix Condonopsis Pilosulae
59. Di Fu Zi 地膚子 Fructus Kochiae
60. Di Gu Pi 地骨皮 Cortex Lycii Radicis
61. Di Long 地龍 Lumbricus
62. Di Yu 地榆 Radix Sanguisorbae
63. Ding Xiang 丁香 Flos Caryophylli
64. Dong Chong Xia Cao 冬蟲夏草 Cordyceps
65. Dong Gua Pi 冬瓜皮 Exocarpium Benincasae
66. Du Huo 獨活 Radix Angelicae Pubescentis
67. Du Zhong 杜仲 Cortex Eucommiae
E
68. E Jiao 阿膠 Colla Corii Asini
69. E Zhu 莪朮 Rhizoma Zedoariae
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 47
F
70. Fan Xie Ye 番瀉葉 Folium Sennae
71. Fang Feng 防風 Radix Ledebouriellae
72. Fen Fang Ji 粉防己 Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae
73. Feng Mi 蜂蜜 Mel
74. Fo Shou 佛手 Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis
75. Fu Ling 茯苓 Poria
76. Fu Pen Zi 覆盆子 Fructus Rubi
77. Fu Xiao Mai 浮小麥 Fructus Tritici Levis
78. Fu Zi 附子 Radix Aconiti Praeparata
G
79. Gan Cao 甘草 Radix Glycyrrhizae
80. Gan Jiang 乾薑 Rhizoma Zingiberis
81. Gao Ben 藳本 Rhizoma Ligustici
82. Gao Liang Jiang 高良薑 Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum
83. Ge Gen 葛根 Radix Puerariae
84. Ge Jie 蛤蚧 Gecko
85. Gou Ji 狗脊 Rhizoma Cibotii
86. Gou Qi Zi 枸杞子 Fructus Lycii
87. Gou Teng 鉤藤 Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis
88. Gu Sui Bu 骨碎補 Rhizoma Drynariae
89. Gua Lou 瓜蔞 Fructus Trichosanthis
90. Guang Fang Ji 廣防己 Radix Aristolochiae Fangchi
91. Gui Ban 龜板 Plastrum Testudinis
92. Gui Zhi 桂枝 Ramulus Cinnamomi
H
93. Hai Fu Shi 海浮石 Pumex
94. Hai Ge Ke 海蛤殼 Concha Cyclinae
95. Hai Jin Sha 海金沙 Spora Lygodii
96. Hai Zao 海藻 Sargassum
97. Han Lian Cao 旱蓮草 Herba Ecliptae
98. He Huan Pi 合歡皮 Cortex Albizziae
99. He Shou Wu 何首烏 Radix Polygoni Multiflori
100. He Zi 訶子 Fructus Chebulae
101. Hei Zhi Ma 黑芝麻 Semen Sesami Nigrum
102. Hong Hua 紅花 Flos Carthami
103. Hong Teng 紅藤 Caulis Sargentodoxae
104. Hou Po 厚朴 Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis
105. Hu Huang Lian 胡黃連 Rhizoma Picrorhizae
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 48
106. Hu Jiao 胡椒 Fructus Piperis Nigri
107. Hu Po 琥珀 Succinum
108. Hu Tao Rou 胡桃肉 Semen Juglandis
109. Hua Jiao 花椒 Pericarpium Zanthoxyli
110. Hua Shi 滑石 Talcum
111. Huai Hua 槐花 Flos Sophorae
112. Huang Bo/Bai 黃柏 Cortex Phellodendri
113. Huang Jing 黃精 Rhizoma Polygonati
114. Huang Lian 黃連 Rhizoma Coptidis
115. Huang Qi 黃耆 Radix Astragali seu Hedysari
116. Huang Qin 黃芩 Radix Scutellariae
117. Huo Ma Ren 火麻仁 Fructus Cannabis
118. Huo Xiang 藿香 Herba Pogostemonis
J
119. Ji Nei Jin 雞內金 Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli
120. Ji Xue Teng 雞血藤 Caulis Spatholobi
121. Jiang Can 僵蠶 Bombyx Batryticatus
122. Jiang Huang 薑黃 Rhizoma Curcumae Longae
123. Jiang Xiang 降香 Lignum Dalbergiae Odoriferae
124. Jie Geng 桔梗 Radix Platycodi
125. Jin Qian Cao 金錢草 Herba Lysimachiae
126. Jin Yin Hua 金銀花 Flos Lonicerae
127. Jin Ying Zi 金櫻子 Fructus Rosae Laevigatae
128. Jing Jie 荊芥 Herba Schizonepetae
129. Ju Hua 菊花 Flos Chrysanthemi
130. Ju Pi/Chen Pi 橘皮/陳皮 Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
131. Jue Ming Zi 決明子 Semen Cassiae
K
132. Ku Lian Pi 苦楝皮 Cortex Meliae
133. Ku Shen 苦參 Radix Sophorae Flavescentis
134. Kuan Dong Hua 款冬花 Flos Farfarae
135. Kun Bu 昆布 Thallus Laminariae Eckloniae
L
136. Lai Fu Zi 萊菔子 Semen Raphani
137. Li Zhi He 荔枝核 Semen Litchi
138. Lian Qiao 連翹 Fructus Forsythiae
139. Lian Zi 蓮子 Semen Nelumbinis
140. Ling Zhi 靈芝 Ganoderma lucidum
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 49
141. Liu Ji Nu 劉寄奴 Herba Artemisiae Anomalae
142. Long Dan Cao 龍膽草 Radix Gentianae
143. Long Gu 龍骨 Os Draconis
144. Long Yan Rou 龍眼肉 Arillus Longan
145. Lu Feng Fang 露蜂房 Nidus Vespae
146. Lu Gan Shi 爐甘石 Calamina
147. Lu Gen 蘆根 Rhizoma Phargmitis
148. Lu Hui 蘆薈 Aloe
149. Lu Rong 鹿茸 Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum
M
150. Ma Huang 麻黃 Herba Ephedrae
151. Ma Huang Gen 麻黃根 Radix Ephedrae
152. Mai Men Dong 麥門冬 Radix Ophiopogonis
153. Mai Ya 麥芽 Fructus Hordei Germinatus
154. Man Jing Zi 蔓荊子 Fructus Viticis
155. Mang Chong 牤蟲 Tanabus
156. Mang Xiao 芒硝 Natrii Sulfas
157. Ming Fan 明礬 Alumen
158. Mo Yao 沒藥 Myrrha
159. Mu Dan Pi 牡丹皮 Cortex Moutan Radicis
160. Mu Gua 木瓜 Fructus Chaenomelis
161. Mu Li 牡蠣 Concha Ostreae
162. Mu Tong 木通 Caulis Akebiae
163. Mu Xiang 木香 Radix Aucklandiae
N
164. Nan Gua Zi 南瓜子 Semen Cucurbitae
165. Niu Bang Zi 牛蒡子 Fructus Arctii
166. Niu Xi 牛膝 Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae
167. Nu Zhen Zi 女貞子 Fructus Ligustri Lucidi
O
168. Ou Jie 藕節 Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis
P
169. Pei Lan 佩蘭 Herba Eupatorii
170. Pi Pa Ye 枇杷葉 Folium Eruobotryae
171. Pu Gong Ying 蒲公英 Herba Taraxaci
172. Pu Huang 蒲黃 Pollen Typhae
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 50
Q
173. Qian Cao 茜草 Radix Rubiae
174. Qian Hu 前胡 Radix Peucedani
175. Qian Shi 芡實 Semen Euryales
176. Qiang Huo 羌活 Rhizoma seu Radix Notopterygii
177. Qin Jiao 秦艽 Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae
178. Qin Pi 秦皮 Cortex Fraxini
179. Qing Dai 青黛 Indigo Naturalis
180. Qing Hao 青蒿 Herba Artemisiae Annuae
181. Qing Pi 青皮 Pericarppium Citri Reticulatae Viride
182. Qu Mai 瞿麥 Herba Dianthi
183. Quan Xie 全蠍 Scorpio
R
184. Ren Shen 人參 Radix Ginseng
185. Rou Cong Rong 肉蓯蓉 Herba Cistanches
186. Rou Dou Kou 肉豆蔻 Semen Myristicae
187. Rou Gui 肉桂 Cortex Cinnamomi
188. Ru Xiang 乳香 Olibanum
S
189. San Leng 三棱 Rhizoma Sparganii
190. San Qi 三七 Radix Notoginseng
191. Sang Bai Pi 桑白皮 Cortex Mori Radicis
192. Sang Ji Sheng 桑寄生 Ramulus Taxilli
193. Sang Piao Xiao 桑螵蛸 Ootheca Mantidis
194. Sang Shen 桑椹 Fructus Mori
195. Sang Ye 桑葉 Folium Mori
196. Sang Zhi 桑枝 Ramulus Mori
197. Sha Ren 砂仁 Fructus Amomi
198. Sha Shen 沙參 Radix Glehniae
199. Sha Yuan Zi/Tong Ji Li 沙苑子/潼蒺藜 Semen Astragali Complanati
200. Shan Yao 山藥 Rhizoma Dioscoreae
201. Shan Zha 山楂 Fructus Crataegi
202. Shan Zhu Yu 山茱萸 Fructus Corni
203. She Chuang Zi 蛇床子 Fructus Cnidii
204. She Gan / Ye Gan 射干 Rhizoma Belamcandae
205. Shen Qu 神麴 Massa Medicara Fermentata
206. Sheng Di Huang 生地黃 Radix Rehmanniae
207. Sheng Jiang 生薑 Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens
208. Sheng Ma 升麻 Rhizoma Cimicifugae
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 51
209. Shi Chang Pu 石菖蒲 Rhizoma Acori Graminei
210. Shi Di 柿蒂 Calyx Kaki
211. Shi Gao 石膏 Gypsum Fibrosum
212. Shi Hu 石斛 Herba Dendrobii
213. Shi Jue Ming 石決明 Concha Haliotidis
214. Shi Jun Zi 使君子 Fructus Quisqualis
215. Shi Liu Pi 石榴皮 Pericarpium Granati
216. Shi Wei 石葦 Folium Pyrrosiae
217. Shu Di Huang 熟地黃 Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata
218. Shui Zhi 水蛭 Hirudo
219. Si Gua Luo 絲瓜絡 Vascularis Luffae Fasciculus
220. Su Mu 蘇木 Ligum Sappan
221. Su Zi/Zi Su Zi 蘇子 Fructus Perillae
222. Suan Zao Ren 酸棗仁 Semen Ziziphi Spinosae
223. Suo Yang 鎖陽 Herba Cynomorii
T
224. Tai Zi Shen 太子參 Radix Pseudostellariae
225. Tan Xiang 檀香 Lignum Santali Albi
226. Tao Ren 桃仁 Semen Persicae
227. Tian Hua Fen 天花粉 Radix Trichosanthis
228. Tian Ma 天麻 Rhizoma Gastrodiae
229. Tian Men Dong 天門冬 Radix Asparagi
230. Tian Nan Xing 天南星 Rhizoma Arisaematis
231. Ting Li Zi 葶藶子 Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae
232. Tong Cao 通草 Medulla Tetrapanacis
233. Tu Si Zi 菟蕬子 Semen Cuscutae
W
234. Wa Leng Zi 瓦楞子 Concha Arcae
235. Wang Bu Liu Xing 王不留行 Semen Vaccariae
236. Wei Ling Xian 威靈仙 Radix Clematidis
237. Wu Bei Zi 五倍子 Galla Chinensis
238. Wu Gong 蜈蚣 Scolopendra
239. Wu Jia Pi 五加皮 Cortex Acanthopanacis Radicis
240. Wu Ling Zhi 五靈脂 Faeces Trogopterori
241. Wu Mei 烏梅 Fructus Mume
242. Wu Wei Zi 五味子 Fructus Schisandrae
243. Wu Yao 烏藥 Radix Linderae
244. Wu Zei Gu/Hai Piao Xiao 烏賊骨/海螵蛸 Os Sepiellae seu Sepiae
245. Wu Zhu Yu 吳茱萸 Fructus Evodiae
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 52
X
246. Xi Xin 細辛 Herba Asari
247. Xi Yang Shen 西洋參 Radix Panacis Quinquefolii
248. Xia Ku Cao 夏枯草 Spica Prunellae
249. Xian He Cao 仙鶴草 Herba Agrimoniae
250. Xian Mao 仙茅 Rhizoma Curculiginis
251. Xiang Fu 香附 Rhizoma Cyperi
252. Xiang Ru 香薷 Herba Elsholtziae seu Moslae
253. Xiao Hui Xiang 小茴香 Frictus Foeniculi
254. Xiao Ji 小薊 Herba Cephalanoploris
255. Xie Bai 薤白 Bulbus Allii Macrostemi
256. Xie/Xue Jie 血竭 Resina Draconis
257. Xin Yi 辛夷 Flos Magnoliae
258. Xing Ren 杏仁 Semen Armeniacae Amarum
259. Xu Duan 續斷 Radix Dipsaci
260. Xuan Fu Hua 旋覆花 Flos Inulae
261. Xuan Shen 玄參 Radix Scrophulari
262. Xie/Xue Yu Tan 血餘炭 Crinis Carbonisatus
Y
263. Yan Hu Suo 延胡索 Rhizoma Corydalis
264. Ye Jiao Teng 夜交藤 Caulis Polygoni Multiflori
265. Yi Mu Cao 益母草 Herba Leonuri
266. Yi Ren 薏苡仁 Semen Coicis
267. Yi Zhi Ren 益智仁 Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae
268. Yin Chai Hu 銀柴胡 Radix Stellariae
269. Yin Chen Hao 茵陳蒿 Herba Artemisiae Scopariae
270. Yin Yang Huo 淫羊藿 Herba Epimedii
271. Yu Jin 郁金 Radix Curcumae
272. Yu Li Ren 郁李仁 Semen Pruni
273. Yu Mi Xu 玉米鬚 Stigma Maydis
274. Yu Xing Cao 魚腥草 Herba Houttuyniae
275. Yu Zhu 玉竹 Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati
276. Yuan Zhi 遠志 Radix Polygalae
Z
277. Zao Jiao Ci 皂角刺 Spina Gleditsiae
278. Ze Xie 澤瀉 Rhizoma Alismatis
279. Zhe Bei Mu 浙貝母 Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii
280. Zhe Chong 蟅蟲 Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga
281. Zhen Zhu Mu 珍珠母 Concha Margartifera Usta
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282. Zhi Ke 枳殼 Fructus Aurantii
283. Zhi Mu 知母 Rhizoma Anemarrhenae
284. Zhi Shi 枳實 Fructus Aurantii Immaturus
285. Zhi Zi 梔子 Fructus Gardeniae
286. Zhu Ling 豬苓 Polyporus Umbellatus
287. Zhu Ru 竹茹 Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam
288. Zi Cao 紫草 Radix Arnebiae seu Lithospermi
289. Zi Hua Di Ding 紫花地丁 Herba Violae
290. Zi Su Ye 紫蘇葉 Folium Perillae
291. Zi Wan 紫菀 Radix Asteris
292. Zong Lu Tan 棕櫚炭 Traachycarpi Carbonisatus
Source: Pan-Canadian Standards for Traditional Chinese Medicines Practitioners and
Acupuncturists. Performance Indicators and Assessment Blueprints for the Entry Level
Occupational Competencies May 2015 revision – Appendix 3
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 54
Appendix 8 –TCM Herbal Formula list – 172 Total
Please Note: Some formulas may contain ingredients that are endangered or extinct
and per the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora (CITES5) must not be used. Their listing here, and learning of
these formulas is for historical purposes and any practical use of such formulas or
ingredient should be adjusted and substitutions used where appropriate.
1. Formulas for relieving superficial syndrome (Jie Biao Ji 解表劑) (8)
1-1 Formula for relieving superficial syndrome with pungent and warm 辛溫解表 (4)
Ma Huang Tang Ephedra Decoction 麻黃湯
Gui Zhi Tang Cinnamon Twig Decoction 桂枝湯
Xiao Qing Long Tang Minor Blue-green Dragon Decoction 小青龍湯
Jiu Wei Qiang Huo Tang Nine-herb Decoction with
Notopterygium 九味羌活湯
1-2 Relieving superficial syndrome with pungent and cool 辛涼解表 (3)
Yin Qiao San Honeysuckle and Forsythia powder 銀翹散
Sang Ju Yin Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum
Decoction 桑菊飲
Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang Ephedra, Apricot Kernel, Gypsum and
Licorice Decoction 麻杏石甘湯
1-3 Relieving superficial syndrome with tonics 扶正解表 (1)
Bai Du San Toxin-Vanquishing Powder 敗毒散
2. Formulas for purgation (Xie Xia Ji 瀉下劑) (7)
2-1 Purging with cold energy herbs 寒下 (3)
Da Cheng Qi Tang Major Order the Qi Decoction 大承氣湯
Xiao Cheng Qi Tang Minor Order the Qi Decoction 小承氣湯
Tiao Wei Cheng Qi
Tang
Regulate the Stomach and Order the Qi
Decoction 調胃承氣湯
2-2 Purging with warm energy herbs 溫下 (2)
Wen Pi Tang
Warm the Spleen Decoction 溫脾湯
Da Huang Fu Zi Tang Rhubarb and Prepared Aconite Decoction 大黃附子湯
2-3 Purging with moistening/lubricating herbs 潤下 (2)
Ma Zi Ren Wan Hemp Seed Pill 麻子仁丸
Ji Chuan Jian Benefit the River (Flow) Decoction 濟川煎
5 https://www.cites.org/eng/disc/what.php & https://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 55
3. Formulas for harmonizing (He Jie Ji和解劑) (6)
3-1 Harmonizing Shao yang 和解少陽 (2)
Xiao Chai Hu Tang Minor Bupleurum Decoction 小柴胡湯
Hao Qin Qing Dan
Tang
Artemisia Annua and Scutellaria Decoction
to Clear 蒿芩清膽湯
3-2 Harmonizing Liver and Spleen 和解肝脾 (3)
Si Ni San Minor Bupleurum Decoction 四逆散
Xiao Yao san Rambling powder 逍遙散
Tong Xie Yao Fang Important Formula for Painful Diarrhea 痛瀉要方
3-3 Harmonizing Stomach and Spleen 和解脾胃 (1)
Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang Pinellia Decoction to Drain the Epigastrium 半夏瀉心湯
4. Formulas for clearing heat (Qing Re Ji清熱劑) (25)
4-1 Clear the heat in Qi portion/level 清氣分熱 (2)
Bai Hu Tang White Tiger Decoction 白虎湯
Zhu Ye Shi Gao Tang Lophatherus and Gypsum Decoction 竹葉石膏湯
4-2 Clear heat in the ying & blood portion/level 清血分熱 (2)
Qing Ying Tang Clear the Nutritive Level Decoction 清營湯
Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia
Decoction 犀角地黃湯
4-3 Clear the heat and detoxify 清熱解毒 (3)
Liang Ge San Cool the Diaphragm Powder 涼膈散
Huang Lian Jie Du Tang Coptis Decoction to Relieve Toxicity 黃連解毒湯
Pu Ji Xiao Du Yin Benefit Decoction to Eliminate Toxin 普濟消毒飲
4-4 Clear heat in both the Qi and blood 氣血兩清 (1)
Qing Wen Bai Du San Clear Epidemics and overcome Pathogenic
Influences Decoction6
清瘟敗毒散
4-5 Clear heat in the Zang-fu (organ network) 清臟腑熱 (9)
Long Dan Xie Gan Tang Gentiana Long Gan Cao Decoction to Drain
the Liver 龍膽瀉肝湯
Zuo Jin Wan Left Metal pill 左金丸
Yu Nu Jian Jade Woman Decoction 玉女煎
Ting Li Da Zao Xie Fei
Tang
Descurainia and Jujube Decoction 葶藶大棗瀉
肺湯
Shao Yao Tang Peony Decoction 芍藥湯
Dao Chi San Guide Out the Red powder 導赤散
Xie Bai San Drain the White powder 瀉白散
6 Original PCE Doc name was blank name pulled from Chen & Chen Chinese Herbal Formulas and Applications
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 56
Qing Wei San Clear the Stomach powder 清胃散
Bai Tou Weng Tang Pulsatilla Decoction 白頭翁湯
4-6 Clear the deficient heat 清虛熱 (4)
Qing Hao Bie Jia Tang Artemisia Annua and Soft-Shelled Turtle
Shell Deco 青蒿鱉甲湯
Qin Jiao Bie Jia San Gentiana Qinjiao and Soft-Shelled Turtle
Shell Powder 秦艽鱉甲散
Qing Gu San Cool the Bones Powder 清骨散
Dang Gui Liu Huang
Tang
Tangkuei and Six-yellow Decoction 當歸六黃湯
4-7 Clear the summer-heat 清暑熱 (4)
Liu Yi San Six to One Powder 六一散
Qing Shu Yi Qi Tang Clear Summer-heat and Augment the Qi
Decoction 清暑益氣湯
Xin Jia Xiang Ru Yin Newly Augment Mosla Drink 新加香薷飲
Qing Luo Yin Clear the Collaterals Decoction 清絡飲
5. Formulas for warming interior 溫裏劑 (8)
5-1 Warm up interior and expel cold 溫中袪寒 (4)
Li Zhong Wan Regulate the Middle Pill 理中丸
Xiao Jian Zhong Tang Minor Construct the Middle Decoction 小建中湯
Wu Zhu Yu Tang Evodia Decoction 吳茱萸湯
Da Jian Zhong Tang Major Construct the Middle Decoction 大建中湯
5-2 Restore yang and save critical (reverse counterflow) 回陽救逆 (2)
Si Ni Tang Frigid Extremities Decoction 四逆湯
Hui Yang Jiu Ji Tang Restore and Revive the Yang Decoction
from Revised Popular Guide 回陽救急湯
5-3 Warm up channels and disperse cold 溫經散寒 (2)
Dang Gui Si Ni Tang Tangkuei Decoction for Frigid Extremities 當歸四逆湯
Huang Qi Gui Zhi Wu
Tang
Astragalus and Cinnamon Twig Five-
Substance Decoction 黃耆桂枝五
物湯
6. Formulas for relieving interior-exterior 表裏雙解劑 (4)
Da Chai Hu Tang Major Bupleurum Decoction 大柴胡湯
Fang Feng Tong Sheng
San
Ledebouriella Powder that Sagely Unblocks 防風通聖散
Ge Gen Huang Qin
Huang Lian Tang
Kudzu, Scutellaria and Coptis Decoction 葛根黃芩黃
連湯
Wu Ji San Five Accumulation Powder 五積散
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 57
7. Formulas for tonifying 補益劑 (18)
7-1 Qi tonic 補氣 (4)
Si Jun Zi Tang Four Gentleman Decoction 四君子湯
Shen Ling Bai Zhu San Ginseng, Poria, and Atractylodes
Macrocephala Powder 參苓白朮散
Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi
Decoction 補中益氣湯
Sheng Mai San Generate the Pulse powder 生脈散
7-2 Blood tonic 補血 (4)
Si Wu Tang Four-Substance Decoction 四物湯
Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang Tangkuei Decoction to Tonify the Blood 當歸補血湯
Gui Pi Tang Restore the Spleen Decoction 歸脾湯
Zhi Gan Cao Tang Honey-Fried Licorice Decoction 炙甘草湯
7-3 Both Qi and blood tonic 氣血雙補 (3)
Ba Zhen Tang Eight Treasure Decoction 八珍湯
Shi Quan Da Bu Tang All-Inclusive Great Tonifying Decoction 十全大補湯
Ren Shen Yang Rong
(Ying) Tang
Ginseng Decoction to Nourish the Nutritive
Qi 人參養榮(營
)湯
7-4 Yin tonic 補陰 (4)
Liu Wei Di Huang Wan Six-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia 六味地黃丸
Da Bu Yin Wan Great Tonify the Yin Pill 大補陰丸
Yi Guan Jian Linking Decoction 一貫煎
Zuo Gui Wan Restore the Left (Kidney) Pill 左歸丸
7-5 Yang tonic 補陽 (3)
Jin Kui Shen Qi Wan Kidney Qi Pill 金匱腎氣丸
Ji Sheng Shen Qi Wan Kidney Qi Pill from Formulas to Aid the
Living 濟生腎氣丸
You Gui Wan Restore the Right (Kidney) Pill 右歸丸
8. Formulas for tranquilization 安神劑 (6)
8-1 Tranquilizing the mind with heavy and compressing 重鎮安神 (2)
Zhu Sha An Shen Wan Cinnabar Pill to Calm the Spirit 硃砂安神丸
Ci Zhu Wan Magnetite and Cinnabar Pill 磁硃丸
8-2 Tranquilizing the mind with nourishing 滋養安神 (4)
Suan Zao Ren Tang Sour Jujube Decoction 酸棗仁湯
Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan Emperor of Heaven's Special Pill to Tonify
the Heart 天王補心丹
Bai Zi Yang Xin Wan Biota Seed Pill to Nourish the Heart 柏子養心丸
Gan Mai Da Zao Tang Licorice Wheat and Jujube Decoction 甘麥大棗湯
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 58
9. Formulas for astringing 固澀劑 (6)
Yu Ping Feng San Jade Windscreen powder 玉屏風散
Si Shen Wan Four-Miracle Pill 四神丸
Mu Li San Oyster Shell Powder 牡蠣散
Jin Suo Gu Jing Wan Metal Lock pill to Stabilize the Essence 金鎖固精丸
Zhen Ren Yang Zang
Tang
True Man's Decoction to Nourish the
Organs 真人養臟湯
Sang Piao Xiao San Mantis Egg-Case powder 桑螵蛸散
10. Formulas for regulating Qi 理氣劑 (10)
10-1 Improving Qi circulation 行氣 (5)
Yue Ju Wan Escape Restraint Pill 越鞠丸
Ban Xia Hou Po Tang Pinellia and Magnolia Bark Decoction 半夏厚朴湯
Zhi Shi Xie Bai Gui Zhi
Tang
Unripe Bitter Orange, Chinese Garlic, and
Cinnamon Twig Decoction 枳實薤白桂
枝湯
Hou Po Wen Zhong
Tang
Magnolia Bark Decoction for Warming the
Middle 厚朴溫中湯
Tian Tai Wu Yao San Top-Quality Lindera Powder 天台烏藥散
10-2 Bring Qi downward 降氣 (5)
Su Zi Jiang Qi Tang Perilla Fruit Decoction for Directing Qi
Downward 蘇子降氣湯
Ding Chuan Tang Arrest Wheezing Decoction 定喘湯
Xuan Fu Dai Zhe Tang Inula and Hematite Decoction 旋覆代赭湯
Ju Pi Zhu Ru Tang Tangerine Peel and Bamboo Shavings
Decoction 橘皮竹茹湯
Ding Xiang Shi Di
Tang
Clove and Persimmon Calyx Decoction 丁香柿蒂湯
11. Formulas for regulating blood 理血劑 (12)
11-1 Improve blood circulation and remove blood stagnation 活血袪瘀 (7)
Tao He Cheng Qi Tang Peach Pit Decoction to Order the Qi 桃核承氣湯
Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang Drive Out Stasis in the Mansion of Blood
Decoction 血府逐瘀湯
Fu Yuan Huo Xue Tang Revive health by Invigorate the blood
Decoction 復元活血湯
Bu Yang Huan Wu
Tang
Tonify the Yang to Restore Five (Tenths)
Decoction 補陽還五湯
Sheng Hua Tang Generating and Transforming Decoction 生化湯
Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan Cinnamon and Poria Pills 桂枝茯苓丸
Shi Xiao San Sudden Smile Powder 失笑散
11-2 Stop bleeding 止血 (5)
Xiao Ji Yin Zi Small Thistle Drink 小薊飲子
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 59
Shi Hui San Ten Partially-Charred Substances Powder 十灰散
Ke Xue Fang Coughing of Blood Formula 咳血方
Huang Tu Tang Yellow Earth Decoction 黃土湯
Huai Hua San Sophora Japonica Flower Powder 槐花散
12. Formulas for treating wind related diseases 治風劑 (10)
12-1 Expel external wind 疏散外風 (5)
Xiao Feng San Eliminate Wind Powder 消風散
Chuan Xiong Cha Tiao
San
Ligusticum Chuanxiong Powder to Be
Taken with Green Tea 川芎茶調散
Cang Er Zi San Xanthium Powder 蒼耳子散
Qian Zheng San Lead to Symmetry Powder 牽正散
Xiao Huo Luo Dan Minor Invigorate the Channels Special Pill 小活絡
丹
12-2 Distinguish internal wind 平熄內風 (5)
Ling Jiao Gou Teng
Tang
Antelope Horn and Uncaria Decoction 羚角鉤藤湯
Zhen Gan Xi Feng
Tang
Sedate the Liver and Extinguish Wind
Decoction 鎮肝熄風湯
Tian Ma Gou Teng Yin Gastrodia and Uncaria Decoction 天麻鉤藤飲
Da Ding Feng Zhu Major Arrest Wind Pearl 大定風珠
Di Huang Yin Zi Rehmannia Drink 地黃飲子
13. Formulas for treating dryness diseases 治燥劑 (8)
Qing Zao Jiu Fei Tang Eliminate Dryness and Rescue the Lung
Decoction 清燥救肺湯
Xing Su San Apricot Kernel and Perilla Leaf Powder 杏蘇散
Sang Xing Tang Mulberry Leaf and Apricot Kernel
Decoction 桑杏湯
Mai Men Dong Tang Ophiopogonis Decoction 麥門冬湯
Bai He Gu Jin Tang Lily Bulb Decoction to Preserve the Metal 百合固金湯
Yu Ye Tang Jade Fluid Decoction 玉液湯
Zeng Ye Tang Increase the Fluids Decoction 增液湯
Yang Yin Qing Fei
Tang
Nourish the Yin and Clear the Lungs
Decoction 養陰清肺湯
14. Formulas for eliminating dampness 袪濕劑 (17)
Ping Wei San Calm the Stomach Powder 平胃散
Huo Xiang Zheng Qi
San
Agastache Powder to Rectify the Qi 藿香正氣散
Yin Chen Hao Tang Artemisiae Yinchenhao Decoction 茵陳蒿湯
Ba Zheng San Eight Herb Powder for Rectification 八正散
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 60
San Ren Tang Three Seed Decoction 三仁湯
Gan Lu Xiao Du Dan Sweet Dew Special Pill to Eliminate Toxin 甘露消毒丹
Er Miao San Two-Marvel Powder 二妙散
Wu Ling San Five-Ingredient Formula with Poria 五苓散
Fang Ji Huang Qi Tang Stephania and Astragalus Decoction 防己黃耆湯
Zhu Ling Tang Polyporus Decoction 豬苓湯
Wu Pi Yin Five Peel Decoction 五皮飲
Zhen Wu Tang True Warrior Decoction 真武湯
Shi Pi Yin Bolster the Spleen Decoction 實脾飲
Bei Xie Fen Qing Yin Dioscorea Hypoglauca Decoction to
Separate the Clear 萆薢分清飲
Ling Gui Zhu Gan Tang Poria, Cinnamon Twig, Atractylodes and
Licorice Decoction 苓桂朮甘湯
Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang Angelica Pubescentis and Taxillus
Decoction 獨活寄生湯
Qiang Huo Sheng Shi
Tang
Notopterygium Decoction to Overcome
Dampness 羌活勝濕湯
15. Formulas for eliminating phlegm 袪痰劑 (11)
15-1 Dissolve phlegm and drying dampness 燥濕化痰 (2)
Er Chen Tang Decoction of Two Aged (Cured) Drugs 二陳湯
Wen Dan Tang Warm Gallbladder Decoction 溫膽湯
15-2 Dissolve phlegm and clear heat 清熱化痰 (3)
Qing Qi Hua Tan Wan Clear the Qi and Transform Phlegm Pill 清氣化痰湯
Xiao Xian Xiong Tang Minor Decoction (for Pathogens) Stuck in
the Chest 小陷胸湯
Gun Tan Wan Vaporize Phlegm Pill 滾痰湯
15-3 Dissolve phlegm and moisten dryness 潤燥化痰 (1)
Bei Mu Gua Lou San Fritillaria and Trichosanthis Fruit Powder 貝母瓜蔞散
15-4 Dissolve cold phlegm with warm herbs 溫化寒痰 (2)
Ling Gan Wu Wei
Jiang Xin Tang
Poria, Licorice, Schisandra, Ginger, and
Asarum Decoction 苓甘五味薑
辛湯
San Zi Yang Qin Tang Three Seed Decoction to Nourish One’s
Parents 三子養親湯
15-5 Dissolve phlegm and treat wind 治風化痰 (3)
Ban Xia Bai Zhu Tian
Ma Tang
Pinellia, Atractylodes Macrocephala and
Gastrodia Decoction 半夏白朮天
麻湯
Ding Xian Wan Arrest Seizures Pill 定癇丸
Zhi Sou San Stop Coughing Powder 止嗽散
16. Formulas for improving digestion 消導劑 (7)
Bao He Wan Preserve Harmony Pill 保和丸
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 61
Jian Pi Wan Strengthen the Spleen Pill 健脾丸
Zhi Shi Dao Zhi Wan Unripe Bitter Orange Pill to Guide out
Stagnation 枳實導滯丸
Mu Xiang Bin Lang
Wan
Aucklandia and Betel Nut Pill 木香檳榔丸
Zhi Zhu Wan Unripe Bitter Orange and Atractylodes Pill 枳朮丸
Zhi Shi Xiao Pi Wan Unripe Bitter Orange Pill to Reduce Focal
Distention 枳實消痞丸
Bie Jia Jian Wan Soft Shelled Turtle Pill 鱉甲煎丸
17. Formulas for parasite diseases 驅蟲劑 (2)
Wu Mei Wan Mume Pill 烏梅丸
Fei Er Wan Fat Baby Pill 肥兒丸
18. Formulas for abscess (yong yang) 癰瘍劑 (7) Xian Fang Huo Ming
Yin
Immortals' Formula for Sustaining Life 仙方活命飲
Wu Wei Xiao Du Yin Five Ingredient Decoction to Eliminate
Toxin 五味消毒飲
Yang He Tang Balmy Yang Decoction 陽和湯
Si Miao Yong An Tang Four-Valiant Decoction for Well Being 四妙勇安湯
Wei Jing Tang Reed Decoction 葦莖湯
Da Huang Mu Dan Pi
Tang
Rhubarb and Moutan Decoction 大黃牡丹皮
湯
Yi Fu Zi Bai Jiang San Coix, Aconite Accessory Root and Patrinia
Powder 薏苡附子敗
醬散
Source: Pan-Canadian Standards for Traditional Chinese Medicines Practitioners and
Acupuncturists. Performance Indicators and Assessment Blueprints for the Entry Level
Occupational Competencies May 2015 revision – Appendix 4
Minimum Standards of Professional Acupuncture Education Page 62
Appendix 9 – Recommended References for Alberta Acupuncture Registration
Exam
Please refer to Appendix A of current edition of the Candidate Handbook. At time of
printing, http://acupuncturealberta.ca/pdfs/examination/2018-CANDIDATE-
HANDBOOKv3.pdf