Mining Area C, Life of Project: Troglofauna Assessment€¦ · the Life of Project EMP. Findings...

Prepared for:

BHP Billiton Iron Ore

Mining Area C, Life of Project:

Troglofauna Assessment

February 2015

Final Report



Prepared for:


September 2015

Final Report

Mining Area C, Life of Project: Troglofauna


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Bennelongia Pty Ltd

5 Bishop Street

Jolimont WA 6014

P: (08) 9285 8722

F: (08) 9285 8811

E: [email protected]

ACN: 124 110 167

Report Number: 225

Report Version Prepared by Reviewed by Submitted to Client

Method Date

Draft 1 Andrew Trotter Stuart Halse email 27 October 2014

Draft 2 Andrew Trotter Stuart Halse

Danilo Harms email 9 December 2014

Final 1 Andrew Trotter Stuart Halse

Michael Curran email 16 February 2015

Final 2 Andrew Trotter

Michael Curran Stuart Halse email 26 August 2015

Final 3 Stuart Halse Danilo Harms email 8 September 2015

K:\Projects\B_BHPBIO_56\Troglofauna Report\Final\Sent\Corrected\July 2015_ BEC_Mining Area C Troglofauna Report_final_8ix15a

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information supplied by the Client. © Copyright 2015 Bennelongia Pty Ltd.



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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Background

Mining Area C is located approximately 100 kilometres north-west of Newman in the central Pilbara

region of Western Australia. The Northern Flank Valley is an active mining operation in the north-

eastern corner of the mining lease and comprises 14 deposits, namely the Marra Mamba deposits A, B,

C, D, E, F and R, the Brockman Detrital Deposit and six Brockman bedrock deposits (P1-6) on the

Packsaddle Range.

An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was conducted in 1997 via the Public Environmental

Review (PER) process of BHP Billiton Iron Ore’s proposal to mine 14 iron ore deposits in the Northern

Flank Valley at Mining Area C (i.e. deposits A, B, C, D, E, F, R, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 and the Brockman

Detrital Deposit).

The PER was assessed by Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) Bulletin No. 913 in 1998 and a

Ministerial Statement of Approval (MS 491) was issued by the Minister for the Environment in

December 1998 under Part IV of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 (EP Act).

Two deposits were assessed in the PER – C Deposit and the Brockman Detrital Deposit. In addition to

the specific assessment of these two deposits, MS 491 provided an on-going mechanism for the

development of the remaining 12 deposits subject to the Mining Area C Environmental Management

Plan (EMP) being reviewed and updated to the requirements of the EPA.

Deposits A, B, C, D, E, F, P1, P3, P4 and the Brockman Detrital have been described and assessed in

previous versions of the EMP. EMP Revisions 1 through to 5 currently describe mining below the water

table (A, C, E, F, P1 and P3 deposits) and above the water table (B, D, P4 and Brockman Detrital

deposits) at Mining Area C.

Project Description

BHP Billiton Iron Ore is seeking access to the remaining deposits at Mining Area C through the

development of a Life of Project EMP (Revision 6). A preliminary project description includes:

access to the P2, P5, P6 and R deposits;

current and planned pit boundaries (including extensions to all approved pits) and

Overburden Storage Area (OSA) boundaries;

below water table mining of all deposits and placement of overburden in mined out voids;

construction and use of haul and access roads;

out-of-pit topsoil, Run-of-Mine and low grade ore stockpiles;

continued groundwater abstraction and usage to meet operational demands;

additional infrastructure required to support the future mine plan; and

closure and progressive rehabilitation.

Objective

This report provides information about the potential effects on troglofauna of the developments

proposed in the Life of Project EMP (Revision 6). Potential effects on troglofauna were assessed using

available information on the troglofauna species present within the areas likely to be impacted by the

proposed development; namely, the four proposed new mine pits at deposits P2, P5, P6 and R, as well

as the proposed modifications to the approved indicative mine pits. These areas are referred to in the

remainder of the report as the ‘Project Area’.

The objectives of this assessment were:

(1) To identify the troglofauna species present in the Project Area.



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(2) To determine the future conservation status of the troglofauna species present in the Project

Area.

(3) To assess the potential impacts on troglofauna species from the developments proposed in

the Life of Project EMP.

Findings

Troglofauna surveys in the Project Area were conducted in accordance with the recommendations of

EPA Environmental Assessment Guideline 12 and Guidance Statement 54A. Altogether, 82 species

have been recorded from the Project Area and adjacent Reference Area. Twelve of these species are

widespread in the Pilbara, whereas 70 species are known only from the Central Pilbara. Twenty (29%)

of these 70 species are known only from the Project Area, or the Project Area and the adjacent

approved indicative mine pits.

It is difficult to determine the level of threat to the 20 species (of which 13 species or 65% are

singletons) that are currently known only from within the Project Area, or the Project Area and the

approved mine pits. This is mainly because while current distributions almost certainly underestimate

the true ranges of the species because of the small number of records of each species, the extent of

underestimation is not known.

Habitat characterisation suggested there is little difference in the structure of the rock between

commercial grade iron ore (i.e. the mine pits) and surrounding areas. The differences between the two

areas are mainly subtle variation in the extent of mineralisation that affects the commercial viability of

mining rather than differences in habitat structure that will affect the density and distribution of

troglofauna. Thus, it is inferred the 20 ‘restricted’ species are likely to have wider ranges than currently

documented.

Seventeen of the 20 species are considered unlikely to have ranges that are limited to Project Area and

approved indicative mine pits, and the proposed development is considered to present only a low

level of threat to the conservation of these species. The level of threat to three species (Hanseniella sp.

B08, Symphyella sp. B03, and Parajapygidae sp. S03) is uncertain because there is currently little

information on which to infer likely ranges of these species.

It is considered that all significant threats to troglofauna will occur during mining (the excavation of

mine pits). No additional threat to troglofauna conservation is expected following mine closure.



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CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ VIII 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1. Overview of Operation ................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Approvals History ............................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.3. Current Proposal ............................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.4. Report Objectives ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 1.5. Survey Program ................................................................................................................................................................. 4

2. BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1. Troglofauna ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4

2.1.1. Habitat Requirements.............................................................................................................................................. 4 2.1.2. Principal Impact of Mining on Troglofauna .................................................................................................... 5 2.1.3. Other Impacts of Mining on Troglofauna ....................................................................................................... 5

2.2. Legislative Framework .................................................................................................................................................... 6 3. PROJECT AREA .......................................................................................................................................... 6 4. HABITAT REVIEW ..................................................................................................................................... 6

4.1. Geological Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 6 4.2. Drilling Results ................................................................................................................................................................... 7

5. TROGLOFAUNA SURVEYS ....................................................................................................................... 7 5.1. Troglofauna Surveys in the Vicinity of Mining Area C ....................................................................................... 7 5.2. Troglofauna Occurrence and Abundance ............................................................................................................... 9 5.3. Species Identification Issues ....................................................................................................................................... 10 5.4. Troglofauna Distributions............................................................................................................................................ 10

6. IMPACT EVALUATION .......................................................................................................................... 10 6.1. Known Species Ranges ................................................................................................................................................. 10 6.2. Species Ranges in Relation to Project Area.......................................................................................................... 23 6.3. Threat to Species ............................................................................................................................................................ 30 6.4. Mine Closure ..................................................................................................................................................................... 31

7. CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................................... 31 8. REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................... 31 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................................... 34

Appendix 1 - Summary of Timing of all Troglofauna Survey at Mining Area C ........................................ 35 Appendix 2 - Troglofauna Field and Laboratory Methods ................................................................................. 37 Appendix 3 - Drill Holes Sampled in the Project and Reference Area ........................................................... 38 Appendix 4 - Troglofauna Records from the Project Area and the Reference Area ................................ 43 Appendix 5 – Records of troglofauna (excluding widespread species, likely to be troglophiles) and

other drill holes sampled for troglofauna ................................................................................................................. 55

LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1. MINING AREA C IN RELATION TO OTHER BHP BILLITON IRON ORE PROJECTS AND EXPLORATION LEASES. ......... 2 FIGURE 2. THE PROJECT AREA AT MINING AREA C CONSISTS OF PROPOSED INDICATIVE MINE PITS AND PROPOSED

EXTENSIONS TO APPROVED INDICATIVE MINE PITS. .............................................................................................................. 3 FIGURE 3. DRILL HOLES SAMPLED FOR TROGLOFAUNA WITHIN THE PROPOSED PITS AND SURROUNDING REFERENCE AREA. 8 FIGURE 4. ABUNDANCE OF TROGLOFAUNA IN THE PROJECT AND REFERENCE AREA AT MINING AREA C. .......................... 18 FIGURE 5. PSEUDOSCORPIONES AND SCHIZOMIDS COLLECTED ONLY FROM THE PROJECT AREA, OR THE PROJECT AREA

AND ADJACENT APPROVED INDICATIVE MINE PITS. ............................................................................................................. 19 FIGURE 6. ARANEAE COLLECTED ONLY FROM THE PROJECT AREA, OR PROJECT AREA AND ADJACENT APPROVED

INDICATIVE MINE PITS. ........................................................................................................................................................... 20 FIGURE 7. ISOPODA AND MYRIAPODA COLLECTED ONLY FROM THE PROJECT AREA, OR PROJECT AREA AND ADJACENT

APPROVED INDICATIVE MINE PITS. ........................................................................................................................................ 21 FIGURE 8. HEXAPODA COLLECTED ONLY FROM THE PROJECT AREA, OR PROJECT AREA AND ADJACENT APPROVED

INDICATIVE MINE PITS. ........................................................................................................................................................... 22



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LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1. NUMBERS OF SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM THE PROJECT AREA AND REFERENCE AREA. ............................................ 9 TABLE 2. TROGLOFAUNA SPECIES RECORDED FROM THE PROJECT AREA AND REFERENCE AREA, WITH THEIR KNOWN WIDER

DISTRIBUTION INDICATED. ..................................................................................................................................................... 11 TABLE 3. HIGHER LEVEL IDENTIFICATIONS (IMMATURE OR INCOMPLETE SPECIMENS). ............................................................. 16 TABLE 4. TROGLOFAUNA SPECIES KNOWN ONLY FROM THE PROJECT AREA OR THE PROJECT AREA AND THE ADJACENT

APPROVED MINE PITS. ............................................................................................................................................................ 25



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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Overview of Operation Mining Area C is located approximately 100 kilometres (km) north-west of Newman in the central

Pilbara region of Western Australia (Figure 1). The Northern Flank Valley is an active mining operation

in the north-eastern corner of the mining lease and comprises 14 deposits, namely the Marra Mamba

Iron Formation deposits A, B, C, D, E, F and R, the Brockman Detrital Deposit and six Brockman Iron

Formation bedrock deposits (P1-6) on the Packsaddle Range.

Iron ore is mined using conventional open pit methods, and then crushed, screened and loaded onto

trains at the Mining Area C ore handling facilities for transport via rail to Port Hedland. Mining Area C

operates under Ministerial Statement 491 (MS 491) within the Area C Licence Boundary (Figures 1B, 2).

1.2. Approvals History An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Mining Area C was conducted in 1997 via the Public

Environmental Review (PER) process. The PER presented BHP Billiton Iron Ore’s proposal to mine 14

iron ore deposits in the Northern Flank Valley at Mining Area C (i.e. deposits A, B, C, D, E, F, R, P1, P2,

P3, P4, P5, P6 and the Brockman Detrital Deposit).

The PER was assessed by Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) Bulletin No. 913 in 1998 and

MS 491 was issued by the Minister for the Environment in December 1998 under Part IV of the

Environmental Protection Act 1986 (EP Act).

Only two deposits were specifically assessed in the PER – C Deposit and the Brockman Detrital

Deposit. In addition to the specific assessment of these two deposits, MS 491 provided an on-going

mechanism for the development of the remaining 12 deposits. This involves the Mining Area C

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) being reviewed and updated to the requirements of the EPA

as the other deposits came on line. MS 491 also required that each new version of the EMP be made

available for public review to the requirements of the EPA.

Deposits A, B, C, D, E, F, P1, P3, P4 and the Brockman Detrital have been described and assessed in

previous versions of the EMP. EMP Revisions 1 through to 5 describe the current extent of mining

below the water table (A, C, E, F, P1 and P3 deposits) and above the water table (B, D, P4 and

Brockman Detrital deposits) at Mining Area C.

1.3. Current Proposal BHP Billiton Iron Ore is seeking access to the remaining deposits at Mining Area C through the

development of a Life of Project EMP (Revision 6). The preliminary project scope includes:

access to the P2, P5, P6 and R deposits;

current and planned pit boundaries (including extensions to all approved pits) and

Overburden Storage Area (OSA) boundaries;

below water table mining of all deposits and placement of overburden in mined out voids;

construction and use of haul and access roads;

out-of-pit topsoil, Run-of-Mine and low grade ore stockpiles;

continued groundwater abstraction and usage to meet operational demands;

additional infrastructure required to support the future mine plan; and

closure and progressive rehabilitation.



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Figure 1. Mining Area C in relation to other BHP Billiton Iron Ore projects and exploration leases.



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Figure 2. The Project Area at Mining Area C consists of proposed indicative mine pits and proposed extensions to approved indicative mine pits.



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1.4. Report Objectives This report provides information about the potential effects on troglofauna of the developments

proposed in the Life of Project EMP (Revision 6). Potential effects on troglofauna were assessed using

available information about the troglofauna species present within the areas likely to be impacted by

the proposed development. These areas are the four proposed new mine pits at deposits P2, P5, P6

and R, as well as the proposed modifications to the approved indicative mine pits. The areas are

referred to in the remainder of the report as the ‘Project Area’ (Figure 2).

The objectives of this assessment were:

(1) To identify the troglofauna species present in the Project Area.

(2) To determine the future conservation status of the troglofauna species present in the Project

Area.

(3) To assess the potential impacts on troglofauna species from the developments proposed in

the Life of Project EMP.

1.5. Survey Program The troglofauna surveys undertaken at Mining Area C, on which this report is based, have been part of

a broad-scale subterranean fauna survey known as the Regional Subterranean Fauna Sampling

Program (RSFSP) that began in November 2007. To date, the RSFSP has resulted in survey of more

than 30 mining and exploration areas across the Pilbara (Figure 1). The program includes recent

surveys in the vicinity of Area C Mine at East Packsaddle and West Packsaddle and the land

immediately around Area C Mine. Troglofauna surveys at Mining Area C itself were designed around

14 iron ore deposits, including P2, P5, P6 and R.

2. BACKGROUND

2.1. Troglofauna Troglofauna are air-breathing subterranean animals that occur in small fissures, cavities and other

spaces in the underground matrix. Most troglofauna species have limited dispersal capacity and,

therefore, have highly localised distributions (Lamoreux 2004; Halse and Eberhard 2014). As a result of

having small ranges, troglofauna species are vulnerable to extinction through habitat loss, and their

conservation significance has been recognised by the EPA in the requirement for assessment and

protection during developments that may affect their habitat (EPA 2013).

The earliest troglofauna surveys focussed on caves. However, since the documentation of troglofauna

in pisolitic channel iron deposits (CID) in the Robe Valley area (Biota 2006), troglofauna have been

found in mineralised habitats throughout the Pilbara region. The region supports more species of

troglofauna than any other Australian region, with about 650 morphospecies collected to date (Halse

and Pearson 2014). In comparison, 974 species have been collected from the extensively studied and

globally important Balkans Peninsula (Sket et al. 2004). Further discussion of the importance of the

western half of Australia for troglofauna is provided by Guzik et al. (2010) who emphasised the

outstanding importance of Australian arid regions generally, but especially the Pilbara and Yilgarn

regions, for all subterranean fauna.

2.1.1. Habitat Requirements

Troglofauna habitat is usually considered to be found in the vadose zone from the lower layers of soil

a few metres below the ground surface to the interface with groundwater (Halse and Pearson 2014).

Troglofauna occupy interstices, vugs, cavities and fissures within this realm and their occurrence is

therefore closely linked to geology. If no fissures or voids are present, no troglofauna will occur.



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When subterranean spaces are present, the pattern of spaces largely determines the abundance and

distribution of troglofauna. Vertical connectivity with the surface is important for supplying carbon

and nutrients to maintain populations of different species (e.g. plant roots are an important surface

connection), while lateral connectivity of voids is crucial to underground dispersal. At present the

understanding of factors controlling the distributions of individual troglofauna species in the Pilbara is

poorly developed. There is strong biological evidence that mesas comprise isolated habitat for some

(but not all) troglofauna species in the Robe Valley (Biota 2006; Harvey et al. 2008). Little can be said

about the degree of species isolation associated with dykes and faulting, although valleys often

appear to act as barriers (Bennelongia unpublished data).

Troglofauna occur widely in the mineralised iron formations of the Pilbara (Bennelongia 2008a, b, c;

2009a, b; Biota 2006). There is relatively little information about the occurrence of troglofauna outside

mineralised habitats because mine development has been the primary reason for most of the

sampling programs. However, it has been shown that troglofauna occur in calcrete and alluvium in

the Pilbara (Edward and Harvey 2008; Rio Tinto 2008), Yilgarn (Barranco and Harvey 2008; Platnick

2008; Bennelongia 2009c) and elsewhere in Western Australia (Biota 2005a, b).

2.1.2. Principal Impact of Mining on Troglofauna

Only impacts causing direct habitat loss are likely to threaten the persistence of troglofauna species.

Typically, the only mining activity leading to direct habitat loss for troglofauna is mine pit excavation.

2.1.3. Other Impacts of Mining on Troglofauna

There has been little research into the impact of reduced habitat quality, rather than habitat removal,

on troglofauna. Factors potentially reducing habitat quality include changed habitat structure,

reduced energy sources, ingress of pollutants and reduced humidity. Overall, it is considered here

that these factors are more likely to reduce animal densities than threaten species persistence.

Possible consequences of some factors are summarised below:

(1) Percussion from blasting. Blasting may have indirect effects on troglofauna through reducing

or altering underground structure (usually via rock fragmentation and collapse of voids). It is

also possible that blast impacts could detrimentally affect some troglofauna directly through

concussion. Both types of effects are likely to dissipate rapidly with distance from the pit and

blasting is not considered here as a significant impacting activity beyond the pit boundary.

(2) Overburden stockpiles and waste dumps. These artificial landforms may reduce inputs of

nutrients and dissolved organic matter to subterranean habitats through reduced rainfall

recharge. Recharge will be reduced because water runs off stockpiles rather than infiltrating

through them. While stockpiles and dumps may create a shadow of reduced energy sources,

this is likely only to reduce the quality of habitat. It should be noted that tree roots, which are

removed by all forms of land clearing, may provide an important source of energy and

nutrients to troglofauna.

(3) Contamination of landforms by hydrocarbons. Any contamination is likely to be localised and

minimised by engineering and management practices for the containment of hydrocarbon

products. It is not considered here as a likely risk to troglofauna.

(4) Lowering the watertable in the vicinity of the mine pits. Lower water tables are sometimes

thought to have the potential to impact on troglofauna by altering humidity. The humidity

requirements of troglofauna are not well documented. While it has been stated that cave

species require humidity greater than about 80% (Humphreys 1990), species in the landscape

matrix are more likely to require humidity of very close to 100% (Howarth 1980; Hadley et al.

1981; Howarth and Stone 1990). While pit excavation can cause drying of habitat through the



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walls of the pit, in most situations dewatering below an undisturbed surface probably has little

effect on humidity at depth (see Bennelongia 2008d).

2.2. Legislative Framework

The EPA has recently updated its advice on assessment of troglofauna with the release of

Environmental Assessment Guideline 12 (EPA 2013), which supersedes the framework provided in

Guidance Statement No. 54 (EPA 2003). The recommendations regarding sampling methods in

Guidance Statement 54A (EPA 2007) remain in place. The Mining Area C survey was conducted

according to the general principles laid out in these documents.

Legislative protection of species and communities in Western Australia is provided at two levels. The

Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WC Act) operates at the state level, while the Environment Protection

and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) operates at the commonwealth level. No

troglofauna communities or species listed under the EPBC Act occur at Mining Area C or nearby areas

(Department of Environment 2014). Similarly, no troglofauna species listed under the WC Act occurs

at Mining Area C or in the vicinity (Department of Parks and Wildlife [DPaW] 2013). Communities are

not listed under the WC Act but a list of threatened communities prepared by the DPaW is endorsed

by Minister for the Environment. No threatened troglofauna community occurs in the vicinity of

Mining Area C.

There is a further, informal process whereby priority species and priority ecological communities

(PECs) are listed by DPaW. No troglofauna-based PECs occur in the Project Area, although two

troglofauna-based PECs occur in the Pilbara approximately 300 km west of Mining Area C

(Subterranean invertebrate communities of mesas in the Robe Valley region, and Subterranean

invertebrate community of pisolitic hills in the Pilbara).

3. PROJECT AREA Mining Area C consists of two parallel ranges: the Jirrpalpur Range on the south side of the Northern

Flank valley and the Packsaddle Range to the north. Both ranges typically occur as elevated and

elongated ridgelines, with the 14 recognised deposits identified along the ranges on the basis of

higher grades of recoverable iron ore than the surrounding landscape.

The Project Area represents the additional mine pit excavations beyond those currently approved that

are proposed under the Life of Project EMP (Revision 6). These excavations are the proposed mine

pits at P2, P5, P6 and R deposits, and the proposed modifications to approved indicative pits listed in

Table 1 (illustrated in Figure 2).

As already stated, this report documents the troglofauna species occurring within the Project Area.

However, a Reference Area outside the proposed and approved mine pits but within the Area C

Licence Boundary was also sampled to provide information on the wider occurrence of species within

the Project Area. Species collected in this Reference Area are reported irrespective of whether they

also occur in the Project Area.

4. HABITAT REVIEW A review of the local geology at Mining Area C was undertaken by BHP Billiton Iron Ore to

characterise troglofauna habitat (BHP Billiton Iron Ore 2015) and results of the review are summarised

below.

4.1. Geological Overview Mining Area C consists of two parallel ranges of outcropping Banded Iron Formation (BIF). These are

the Jirrpalpur Range made up of Marra Mamba Iron Formation on the south side of the Northern



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Flank valley and the Packsaddle Range made up of Brockman Iron Formation to the north. Both

ranges typically occur as elevated and elongated ridgelines, with deposits identified on the basis of

higher grades of recoverable iron ore than the surrounding landscape.

The valley which lies between the Jirrpalpur Range and Packsaddle Range is colloquially known as the

Mining Area C valley. It is formed by preferential weathering and erosion of the relatively soft

Wittenoom Formation. Dolomite, a member of the Wittenoom formation, readily dissolves in water,

leading to the formation of large pores, voids and cavities that are prospective for troglofauna.

The ‘hardcap’ zone, formed from continued weathering of the surface of the deposits and surrounding

landscape, constitutes a semi-continuous carapace across the ranges. The formation of hardcap is not

limited to a particular rock type and has been observed on unconsolidated sediments, BIF and ore

(Crowe 2012). This zone can be extremely variable in texture and is known to contain frequent voids

and cavities. Cavities on a scale of metres are occasionally observed during drilling and mining.

Hardcap alteration is usually strongest near the surface and often grades into semi-hardcap and then

unaltered rock with depth. This stratum is considered to provide important habitat for troglofauna.

The BIF host rock, precursor to iron ore, consists of finely bedded chert, iron oxides and silicates. The

texture of this rock type is fine-grained and dense, with few to no voids and essentially no

intergranular pore spaces. Inter-bedded within the iron formation are shales and cherts that can form

bands up to 40 m thick. The shales and cherts are similarly non-porous. Thus, it is unlikely that

unaltered BIF contains significant troglofauna habitat. In contrast, the weathering processes that form

commercial grade ore within BIF host rock lead to formation of voids and cavities that provide highly

prospective troglofauna habitat.

4.2. Drilling Results The Packsaddle Range extends for 50 km, with approximately 25 km of the range falling within the

Mining Area C Licence Boundary. The Mining Area C iron ore deposits within the Packsaddle Range

(P1 to P6) are hosted by the Dales Gorge and Joffre members of the Brockman Iron Formation.

Drilling at Packsaddle Range deposits suggests cavities occur throughout the profile of the BIF, with

pores identified at depths of up to 90 m. As expected, cavities have been found to be more prevalent

in altered BIF and hardcapped zones.

The iron ore found within Jirrpalpur Range (A to F, and R deposits) is part of a continuous belt of

enrichment within Marra Mamba Iron Formation that has a strike length of over 25 km. South Flank

on the southern margin of the Jirrpalpur Range has similar geology to that of the Northern Flank (A to

F deposits), with ore hosted in Marra Mamba Iron Formation. Drilling at the Jirrpalpur Range deposits

suggests cavities also occur throughout the profile of the BIF to a depth of 90 m from the surface. As

at Packsaddle Range, cavities have been found to be more prevalent in altered BIF and hardcapped

zones.

5. TROGLOFAUNA SURVEYS

5.1. Troglofauna Surveys in the Vicinity of Mining Area C Baseline troglofauna surveys were commissioned by BHP Billiton Iron Ore at Mining Area C between

2007 and 2015 and undertaken by Bennelongia and Subterranean Ecology (see Appendix 1 for timing

of sampling). To date, over 4000 samples targeting troglofauna have been collected from drill holes in

the vicinity of Mining Area C (including East Packsaddle and West Packsaddle), South Flank

exploration area (5 km south of Mining Area C) and Jinidi (18 km east of Mining Area C) (Figure 1).



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Figure 3. Drill holes sampled for troglofauna within the proposed pits and surrounding reference area.



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At least 92 species of troglofauna belonging to 17 orders have been collected within the Mining Area

C licence boundary (Bennelongia 2014a, b). At South Flank, 56 species of troglofauna belonging to 17

Orders have been collected (Bennelongia 2013a). At Jinidi, there are at least 29 species belonging to

14 Orders (Bennelongia 2013b). In addition to the work conducted on BHP Billiton Iron Ore’s

tenements, a small survey at Rio Tinto’s Hope Downs mine, approximately 3.5 km east of Mining Area

C, collected four species of troglofauna belonging to four Orders (Biota 2011).

Data documenting the occurrence of troglofauna within the Project Area itself were obtained from

788.5 samples (Figure 3; Table 1). Of these samples, 307.5 were collected at Jirrpalpur Range and 481

at Packsaddle Range.

Information on the wider distribution of troglofauna outside the Project Area was obtained from 364

samples in the Reference Area. In addition, information on the distribution of widespread species

collected from the Project Area was compiled using records from approved mine pits within Mining

Area C, the vicinity of Mining Area C (but outside the Licence Boundary) and other parts of the Pilbara.

Details of sampling methodology and a complete list of drill holes sampled within the Project Area

and the Reference Area (with coordinates) are given in Appendix 2 and Appendix 3, respectively.

5.2. Troglofauna Occurrence and Abundance A total of 1650 specimens of troglofauna were collected in the Project Area and the adjacent

Reference Area (Table 2, Table 3, and Appendix 4). These specimens represent 82 of the 92 species

that have been recorded in the wider Mining Area C and belong to 17 orders (Table 2). They

represent five orders of arachnid (Pseudoscorpiones, 10 species; Palpigradi, 2 species; Schizomida, 7

species; Araneae, 12 species; Opiliones, 2 species) and one order of crustaceans (Isopoda, 5 species).

The myriapod fauna comprises one order of centipede (Scolopendrida, 4 species), two orders of

millipede (Polyxenida, 1 species; Spirobolida, 1 species), one order of Pauropoda (Tetramerocerata, 6

species) and one order of symphylans (Cephalostigmata, 4 species). Among the hexapod orders,

Table 1. Numbers of samples collected from the Project Area and Reference Area. S Trap = single trap, D Trap = double trap. *The number of samples collected was calculated as samples = (no. of scrape +

no. of S trap or D trap)/2.

Scrape S Trap D Trap Samples*

Jirrpalpur Range

A Pit Extension 20 18 3 20.5

B Pit Extension 75 56 18 74.5

C Pit Extension 11 9 1 10.5

D Pit Extension 34 28 6 34

E Pit Extension 28 19 8 27.5

F Pit Extension 43 31 13 43.5

R Pit 98 73 23 97

Packsaddle Range

P1 Pit Extension 14 11 2 13.5

P2 Pit 162 102 33 148.5

P3 Pit Extension 98 47 11 78

P4 Pit Extension 84 44 7 67.5

P5 Pit 73 80

76.5

P6 Pit 100 94

97

Reference Area 412 242 74 364



10

Diplura are represented by six species, Thysanura by five species, Blattodea by four species, Hemiptera

by two species, Coleoptera by 10 species and Diptera by one species (Table 2).

Insects were numerically dominant and more than 100 specimens were collected for each of the insect

species Sciaridae sp. B01/Sciaridae sp., Meenoplidae sp. B02/Meenoplidae sp., and Blattidae sp.

B06/Blattidae sp. (assuming conspecificity) (Figure 4, Table 2, and Table 3). Between 50 and 100

specimens were collected for each of the insect species Nocticola sp., Nocticola `BLA003` and millipede

species Lophoturus madecassus. Schizomids were also relatively abundant, particularly Draculoides

`SCH012` (29 specimens) (Table 2). Most species occurred at very low abundance and 20 species were

represented by only one specimen (singleton).

5.3. Species Identification Issues In several cases animals could not be identified to species level because they were damaged, juvenile

or the wrong sex for species determination. These animals are tabulated in the results at the lowest

level of identification achievable. One animal, Trigoniulidae sp., is listed in Table 2 because it

represents an additional species, while the other identifications are presented in Table 3 because they

are considered likely to belong to species already listed in Table 2.

5.4. Troglofauna Distributions Twelve of the 82 species collected in the Project Area and adjacent Reference Area are very

widespread in the Pilbara and are known from many locations beyond the Project Area (Palpigradi sp.

B01, Cormocephalus `CHI003`, Lophoturus madecassus, Pauropodidae sp. B01, Pauropodidae sp. B04,

Japygidae `DPL002`, Atelurinae sp. B02, Nocticola `BLA001`, Hemiptera sp. B02, Pselaphinae sp. B01,

Ptinella sp. B01, and Sciaridae sp. B01).

The remaining 70 species are considered likely to have ranges restricted to the Central Pilbara. Of

these 70 species, 20 are known only from the Project Area or from the Project Area and adjacent

approved indicative mine pits, including the Hope Downs Mine pit (Table 2). The 20 species consist of

one pseudoscorpion (Indohya sp. S02) (Figure 5); two schizomids (Draculoides `SCH018` and

Draculoides sp. B47) (Figure 5); six spiders (Gnaphosidae sp. B01, ?Theridiidae sp. B01, Anapistula sp.

B02, Prethopalpus pearsoni, Prethopalpus sp. {Araneae sp. S07} and Prethopalpus sp. B06) (Figure 6);

one slater (Troglarmadillo sp. B03) (Figure 7); four myriapods (Cryptops sp. B39, Pauropodidae sp. B12,

Hanseniella sp. B08, and Symphyella sp. B03) (Figure 7); and six hexapods (Parajapygidae sp. B27,

Parajapygidae sp. S03, Atelurinae sp. B04, Cryptorhynchinae sp. S03, Typhlozuphium longipenne and

Zuphiini sp. B03) (Figure 8). Twelve of the 20 species were recorded from one drill hole only (Table 4).

6. IMPACT EVALUATION Mining may potentially threaten species that have all of their range (or even nearly all of their

populations) restricted to the proposed mine pits, or the proposed mine pits and the approved

indicative mine pits.

6.1. Known Species Ranges Apart from actually having highly restricted ranges, there are two processes likely to have led to 20

species being known only from the Project Area, or Project Area and adjacent approved indicative

mine pits. These are that samples were not collected from across the full ranges of the species and

that the species were often not collected from drill holes in areas where they occurred because of low

species abundances and low collection efficiencies.



11

Table 2. Troglofauna species recorded from the Project Area and Reference Area, with their known wider distribution indicated. *Indicates proposed modification to approved pit, grey shading indicates species known only from proposed and/or proposed and approved mine pits. Note: Includes specimens collected as by-

catch during stygofauna sampling (see Appendix 4 for details).

Taxonomy

Jirrpalpur Range Packsaddle Range

Other Records

Linear

Range

(km)

Project Area

A* B* C* D* E* F* R P1* P2 P3* P4* P5 P6

Reference

Area

Number of Specimens

Arachnida

Pseudoscorpiones

Indohya `PSE005` 1 B Deposit Pit, C Deposit Pit, P4 Deposit Pit, South Flank 21

Indohya sp. S02 2 0.1

Lagynochthonius `PSE039` 1 1 6 B Deposit Pit, F Deposit Pit, Jinidi, South Flank, Elsewhere in

Pilbara

47

Lagynochthonius `PSE045` 2 1 P4 Deposit Pit 0.9

Lagynochthonius `PSE046` 1 1 1 P1 Deposit Pit, P4 Deposit Pit 16

Lagynochthonius sp. B19 1 Only record -

Lagynochthonius sp. S03 2 1 2 2.5

Tyrannochthonius `PSE050` 5 2 P4 Deposit Pit 2.3

Tyrannochthonius `PSE055` 1 3 1 A Deposit Pit, P4 Deposit Pit 17

Tyrannochthonius `PSE066` 2 1 1 A Deposit Pit, South Flank, Weeli Wolli 45

Palpigradi

Eukoenenia sp. S01 1 2 2 Boundary Ridge South 34

Palpigradi sp. B01 5 2 1 1 D Deposit Pit, Caramulla, Jimblebar, Mindy, Jinidi, Orebody

19, Orebody 35, Packsaddle East, South Flank, Wheelarra Hill,

Elsewhere in Pilbara

459

Schizomida

Draculoides `SCH012` 24 1 3 P1 Deposit Pit 12

Draculoides `SCH013` 3 1 1 1 2 P3 Deposit Pit, P4 Deposit Pit 10

Draculoides `SCH018` 6 Hope Downs Pit 5.8

Draculoides `SCH022` 8 Jinidi, Packsaddle East, South Flank, Weeli Wolli 36

Draculoides `SCH023` 1 2 South Flank 18

Draculoides sp. B32 4 Only records -

Draculoides sp. B47 2 7 A Deposit Pit 4.4

Araneae

?Gnaphosidae sp. B01 1 Only record -

Gnaphosidae sp. B01 1 Only record -



12

Taxonomy


Other Records

Linear

Range

(km)

Project Area

A* B* C* D* E* F* R P1* P2 P3* P4* P5 P6

Reference

Area

Number of Specimens

nr Encoptarthria sp. B01 1 1 Jinidi, South Flank 44

?Theridiidae sp. B01 1 Only record -

Anapistula sp. B02 1 Only record -

Linyphiidae sp. B03

(=Araneae sp. S05)

17 1 12 B Deposit Pit, P4 Deposit Pit, Packsaddle West, South Flank 23

Pelicinus sp. B02 1 B Deposit Pit, P3 Deposit Pit, P4 Deposit Pit 6.7

Prethopalpus pearsoni 2 P4 Deposit Pit 0.9

Prethopalpus sp.

(Araneae sp. S07)

1 Only record -

Prethopalpus sp. B06 1 B Deposit Pit 7.7

Prethopalpus sp. B18 3 3 4.8

Prethopalpus sp. B24 1 Only record -

Opiliones

Dampetrus sp. B01 (nr isolatus) 2 1 B Deposit Pit, C Deposit Pit, Packsaddle East 25

Opiliones sp. B02 1 Packsaddle East 27

Malacostraca

Isopoda

Armadillidae sp. B07 3 1 1.8

Troglarmadillo sp. B03 1 5 A Deposit Pit, D Deposit Pit, F Deposit Pit 17

Troglarmadillo sp. B13 1 South Flank 6.5

Troglarmadillo sp. B44 23 1 1

Troglarmadillo sp. B57 1 Only record -

Chilopoda

Scolopendrida

Cormocephalus `CHI003` 1 1 Elsewhere in Pilbara 153

Cryptops sp. B07 1 2 Jinidi, South Flank 43

Cryptops sp. B15 1 1 Packsaddle West 26

Cryptops sp. B39 1 Only record -

Diplopoda

Polyxenida

Lophoturus madecassus 5 34 6 3 1 3 10 4 12 A Deposit Pit, P1 Deposit Pit, P4 Deposit Pit, Alligator Jaws, 633



13

Taxonomy


Other Records

Linear

Range

(km)

Project Area

A* B* C* D* E* F* R P1* P2 P3* P4* P5 P6

Reference

Area

Number of Specimens

Boundary Ridge South, Governor Range, Hashimoto,

Homestead, Jimblebar, Mindy, Ministers North, Jinidi,

Orebody 19, Orebody 24, Orebody 25, Orebody 29, Orebody

31, Orebody 32, Orebody 35, Orebody 39, Packsaddle East,

Packsaddle West, South Flank, Western Ridge, Wheelarra Hill,


Spirobolida

Trigoniulidae sp. 1 N/A

Pauropoda

Tetramerocerata

Pauropodidae sp. B01

(Decapauropus ?tenuis)

6 2 2 B Deposit Pit, C Deposit Pit, E Deposit Pit, Hashimoto,

Jimblebar, Orebody 31, Packsaddle East, South Flank,


244

Pauropodidae sp. B04 1 P4 Deposit Pit, Mesa Gap, Western Ridge, Elsewhere in

Pilbara

128

Pauropodidae sp. B12 1 Only record -

Pauropodidae sp. B14 1 1 South Flank 9.9



Symphyla

Cephalostigmata

Hanseniella sp. B07 1 South Flank 24

Hanseniella sp. B08 1 3 P2 Deposit Pit, P3 Deposit Pit 0.9

Scutigerella sp. B03 1 South Flank 16

Symphyella sp. B03 1 Only record -

Entognatha

Diplura

Japygidae `DPL002` 2 1 1 1 4 A Deposit Pit, P1 Deposit Pit, P4 Deposit Pit, Alligator Jaws,

Camp Hill, Caramulla, Governor Range, Hashimoto,

Homestead, Jimblebar, Jinidi, Orebody 18, Orebody 24,

Orebody 25, Orebody 31, Orebody 32, Packsaddle West,

Rhodes Ridge, South Flank, Western Ridge, Elsewhere in

288



14

Taxonomy


Other Records

Linear

Range

(km)

Project Area

A* B* C* D* E* F* R P1* P2 P3* P4* P5 P6

Reference

Area

Number of Specimens

Pilbara

Japygidae `DPL007` 1 South Flank 5.7

Japygidae `DPL011` 1 1 Rhodes Ridge, South Flank 35

Parajapygidae `DPL020` 1 P1 Deposit Pit, P3 Deposit Pit, Jinidi 46

Parajapygidae sp. B27 1 Only record -

Parajapygidae sp. S03 1 Only record -

Insecta

Thysanura

Atelurinae sp. B02 1 12 Caramulla, Coondewanna, Governor Range, Hashimoto,

Homestead, Jimblebar, Jinidi, Orebody 18, Orebody 24,

Orebody 25, Orebody 31, Orebody 32, Orebody 39,

Packsaddle West, Weeli Wolli, Western Ridge, Wheelarra Hill,

Yandi, Elsewhere in Pilbara

458

Atelurinae sp. B04 1 Only record -

Dodecastyla crypta 3 1 1 2 5 5 6 5 11 A Deposit Pit, B Deposit Pit, D Deposit Pit, F Deposit Pit, P1

Deposit Pit, P3 Deposit Pit, P4 Deposit Pit, South Flank

19

Trinemura sp. B02 (nr watsoni) 1 P4 Deposit Pit, Jinidi, South Flank 35

Trinemura sp. B09 5 South Flank 18

Blattodea

Blattidae sp. B06 13 6 5 3 23 P4 Deposit Pit, Jinidi, South Flank 45

Nocticola `BLA001` 1 2 1 5 3 A Deposit Pit, B Deposit Pit, C Deposit Pit, D Deposit Pit, E

Deposit Pit, F Deposit Pit, P1 Deposit Pit, P3 Deposit Pit, P4

Deposit Pit, Boundary Ridge South, Governor Range,

Homestead, Jinidi, Orebody 18, Orebody 19, Orebody 24,

Orebody 35, Packsaddle East, South Flank, Weeli Wolli,


343

Nocticola `BLA003` 1 4 1 1 20 22 42 A Deposit Pit, B Deposit Pit, F Deposit Pit, P1 Deposit Pit, P3

Deposit Pit, P4 Deposit Pit, Ministers North, Jinidi, Packsaddle

West, South Flank, Weeli Wolli, Yandi

55

Nocticola `cockingi` ms 22 South Flank 9.1

Hemiptera

Hemiptera sp. B02 2 6 1 5 9 1 3 B Deposit Pit, F Deposit Pit, P1 Deposit Pit, P4 Deposit Pit, 1184



15

Taxonomy


Other Records

Linear

Range

(km)

Project Area

A* B* C* D* E* F* R P1* P2 P3* P4* P5 P6

Reference

Area

Number of Specimens

Hashimoto, Homestead, Jimblebar, Jinidi, Orebody 19,

Orebody 24, Orebody 25, Orebody 32, Orebody 35, Orebody

39, South Flank, Wheelarra Hill, Elsewhere in Pilbara

Meenoplidae sp. B02 6 106 17 46 10 3 8 A Deposit Pit, B Deposit Pit, C Deposit Pit, F Deposit Pit, P1

Deposit Pit, P4 Deposit Pit, Jinidi, Packsaddle East, South

Flank

43

Coleoptera

Bembidiinae sp. B08 3 Elsewhere in Pilbara 43

Typhlozuphium humicolum 1 2 1 A Deposit Pit, P4 Deposit Pit, Jinidi 29

Typhlozuphium longipenne 1 Only record -

Zuphiini sp. B03 1 Only record -

Cryptorhynchinae sp. S03 1 Only record -

Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. B02 3 4 3 3 6 9 B Deposit Pit, D Deposit Pit, F Deposit Pit, P1 Deposit Pit, P3

Deposit Pit, P4 Deposit Pit, Packsaddle West, South Flank,


28

Ptinella sp. B01 45 Homestead, Orebody 24, Orebody 32, Packsaddle West,

Weeli Wolli, Elsewhere in Pilbara

45

nr Claviger sp. B01 1 Only record -

Pselaphinae sp. B01 3 3 1 B Deposit Pit, Hashimoto, Jinidi, Orebody 19, Orebody 24,

Orebody 31, South Flank, Elsewhere in Pilbara

312

Coleoptera sp. B06 2 Packsaddle West 13

Diptera

Sciaridae sp. B01 11 6 33 2 252 71 B Deposit Pit, P4 Deposit Pit, Alligator Jaws, Homestead,

Jimblebar, Mindy, Jinidi, Orebody 24, Orebody 25, Orebody

31, Orebody 32, Packsaddle West, Rhodes Ridge, South Flank,

Western Ridge, Elsewhere in Pilbara

416



16

Table 3. Higher level identifications (immature or incomplete specimens). *Indicates proposed modification to approved pit. Note: Includes specimens collected as by-catch during stygofauna sampling (see Appendix 4 for details).

Taxonomy


Possible Species

Project Area

A* B* C* D* E* F* R P1* P2 P3* P4* P5 P6 Reference

Area

Number of Specimens

Arachnida

Pseudoscorpiones

Chthoniidae sp.

1

1

Uncertain due to taxonomic resolution

Indohya sp.

1

Indohya `PSE005` or Indohya sp. S02

Lagynochthonius sp.

1

One of the 5 Lagynochthonius species in Table 2

Tyrannochthonius sp.

1

One of the 3 Tyrannochthonius species in Table 2

Palpigradi

Palpigradi sp.

2 Palpigradi sp. B01

Schizomida

Draculoides sp. 2 6

1 2 10

3 1 6

1 6

The Draculoides species collected at each

corresponding area

Araneae

Araneomorphae sp.

1

Uncertain due to taxonomic resolution

Linyphiidae sp.

6 Linyphiidae sp. B03

Prethopalpus sp.

1

1

Prethopalpus sp. B06 Prethopalpus sp. B18, for R

and P2 deposits, respectively

Opiliones

Opiliones sp.

1

Possibly Opiliones sp. B02

Diplopoda

Polyxenida

Lophoproctidae sp. 1 1 3 Lophoturus madecassus

Symphyla

Cephalostigmata

Symphyella sp. 1

Possibly Symphyella sp. B03

Entognatha

Diplura

Japygidae sp. 2 1

Japygidae `DPL002` or Japygidae `DPL007` or

Japygidae `DPL011`



17

Taxonomy


Possible Species

Project Area

A* B* C* D* E* F* R P1* P2 P3* P4* P5 P6 Reference

Area

Number of Specimens

Insecta

Thysanura

Atelurinae sp. 1 1

3

Dodecastyla crypta or Atelurinae sp. B02 or

Atelurinae sp. B04

Trinemura sp. 1 1 Trinemura sp. B02 (nr watsoni) or Trinemura sp. B09

Nicoletiidae sp. 1 Trinemura sp. B02 (nr watsoni) or Trinemura sp. B09

Thysanura sp. 1 Uncertain due to taxonomic resolution

Blattodea

Blattidae sp. 2 2 9 1 18 11 17 14 22 17 Blattidae sp. B06

Nocticola sp. 5 1 5 6 18 20 7

47

Nocticola `BLA001`, or Nocticola `BLA001` or

Nocticola `cockingi` ms

Hemiptera

Hemiptera sp. 1

Hemiptera sp. B02

Meenoplidae sp. 9 4 3 13 1 15 4 2 10 10 28 Meenoplidae sp. B02

Coleoptera

Zuphiini sp. 1 2 1

Zuphiini sp. B01 or Zuphiini sp. B03

Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. 1

Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. B02

Curculionidae sp. 1 Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. B02

Coleoptera sp. 1 Uncertain due to taxonomic resolution

Diptera

Sciaridae sp. 1

Sciaridae sp. B01



18

Figure 4. Abundance of troglofauna in the Project and Reference Area at Mining Area C.

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Sciaridae sp. B01/Sciaridae sp.

Meenoplidae sp. B02 (=Meenoplidae sp. S01)/Meenoplidae sp.

Blattidae sp. B06/Blattidae sp.

Nocticola sp.

Nocticola `BLA003`

Lophoturus madecassus/Lophoproctidae sp.

Ptinella sp. B01

Dodecastyla crypta

Draculoides sp.

Linyphiidae sp. B03 (=Araneae sp. S05)/Linyphiidae sp.

Draculoides `SCH012`

Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. B02 (=Curculionidae sp. S02)/Curculionidae Genus 1 sp.

Hemiptera sp. B02 (=Fulgoridae sp. S01)/Hemiptera sp.

Troglarmadillo sp. B44

Nocticola `cockingi` ms

Atelurinae sp. B02 (=?Atelurodes sp. S02)

Nocticola `BLA001`

Palpigradi sp. B01/Palpigradi sp.

Pauropodidae sp. B01 (Decapauropus ?tenuis)

Japygidae `DPL002`

Lagynochthonius `PSE039`


Draculoides sp. B48

Tyrannochthonius `PSE050`

Pselaphinae sp. B01


Draculoides sp. B47

Prethopalpus sp. B18 (=?Araneae sp. S05)


Lagynochthonius sp. S03


Eukoenenia sp. S01

Atelurinae sp.

Trinemura sp. B09

Zuphiini sp. B03/Zuphiini sp.


Draculoides sp. B32

Armadillidae sp. B07

Hanseniella sp. B08

Typhlozuphium humicolum




Draculoides sp. B46

Dampetrus sp. B01 (nr isolatus)

Cryptops sp. B07 (=Scolopendrida sp. S02)

Japygidae sp.

Bembidiinae sp. B08

Chthoniidae sp.

Indohya sp. S02

nr Encoptarthria sp. B01

Prethopalpus pearsoni

Prethopalpus sp.

Opiliones sp. B02/Opiliones sp.

Cryptops sp. B15

Cormocephalus `CHI003`


Symphyella sp. B03/Symphyella sp.

Japygidae `DPL011`

Trinemura sp.

Coleoptera sp. B06

Lagynochthonius sp.

Lagynochthonius sp. B19

Tyrannochthonius sp.

Indohya `PSE005`

Indohya sp.

?Gnaphosidae sp. B01

?Theridiidae sp. B01

Gnaphosidae sp. B01

Pelicinus sp. B02

Prethopalpus sp. (Araneae sp. S07)

Prethopalpus sp. B06


Anapistula sp. B02

Araneomorphae sp.



Cryptops sp. B39

Trigoniulidae sp.





Hanseniella sp. B07

Scutigerella sp. B03

Japygidae `DPL007`

Parajapygidae `DPL020`

Parajapygidae sp. B27

Parajapygidae sp. S03

Atelurinae sp. B04

Nicoletiidae sp.

Trinemura sp. B02 (nr Watsoni)

Thysanura sp.

Typhlozuphium longipenne

Cryptorhynchinae sp. S03

Curculionidae sp.

nr Claviger sp. B01

Coleoptera sp.

Number of Specimens



19

Figure 5. Pseudoscorpiones and schizomids collected only from the Project Area, or the Project Area and adjacent approved indicative mine pits.



20

Figure 6. Araneae collected only from the Project Area, or Project Area and adjacent approved indicative mine pits.



21

Figure 7. Isopoda and myriapoda collected only from the Project Area, or Project Area and adjacent approved indicative mine pits.



22

Figure 8. Hexapoda collected only from the Project Area, or Project Area and adjacent approved indicative mine pits.



23

Sampling Limitations and Continuity of Habitat

Troglofauna sampling is likely to underestimate the true ranges of most troglofauna species because

it is spatially constrained. Drill holes are usually available for sampling only within the tenements of

the proponent company and only in areas considered to be prospective for mining. The effect of

these constraints is illustrated in Appendix 5.

Species Occurring at Low Abundance

When considering the likelihood of a species actually being restricted to the Project Area, or Project

Area and approved indicative mine pits, it must be emphasised that results of surveys completed to

date show a preponderance of low-abundance species in the troglofauna community at Mining Area

C. Low abundance species occur in both the Project Area and the Reference Area, and 19 (23%) of the

82 species were collected as single specimens (Table 2). Thirteen (65%) of the 20 species currently

known only from proposed or approved mine pits were singletons (Table 4).

Species collected as singletons are likely to be low abundance species and defining the ranges of such

species with any degree of accuracy is a perennial biological problem because range definition

requires extensive sampling (Miller et al. 1989, Guisan et al. 2006). While there is a general trend for

low abundance species to have smaller ranges than abundant species (Brown 1984), many low

abundance species are widespread although their occurrence may be patchy (Maurer 1990). Thus, few

direct inferences can be drawn about the likely ranges of species collected in the Project Area as

singletons. Instead the likely species range should be inferred using the known ranges of related

species and the potential continuity of the surrounding habitat.

6.2. Species Ranges in Relation to Project Area The likely distributions of the 20 species known only from the Project Area are inferred below (where

possible) based on four types of information. These are the ranges of related species, the results of

habitat profiling (BHP Billiton Iron Ore 2015), the locations of the species within the proposed mine

pits, and the extent of sampling in the vicinity of those records.

The habitat profiling undertaken by BHP Billiton Iron Ore (2015) is one the most comprehensive

assessments yet completed of the potential for areas in the Pilbara to provide habitat for troglofauna.

When combined with troglofauna sampling results, this profiling suggested that troglofauna habitat at

Mining Area C consists of faulted and fractured BIF and alluvial / colluvial deposits. In many areas (e.g.

Packsaddle Range), water flow has altered the texture of the host rock, creating cavities and vugs that

appear to provide suitable habitat for troglofauna in hardcapping. For most species, records of

troglofauna have been found either outside or both inside and outside areas of mineralisation (>50%

Fe) suggesting that the species are not solely reliant on mineralisation to create habitat. The dykes

(igneous intrusions) present do not appear to pose a barrier to movement for any of the species

investigated.

When inferring species ranges from habitat profiling information and geological mapping,

assumptions have often been made about the geological units used by the species. The degree of

uncertainty associated with these assumptions varies subtly between species, so conclusions about

whether species are restricted to the Project Area occupy more of a continuum than is reflected in the

two categories (unlikely or uncertain) used in Table 4.

Pseudoscorpiones

Pseudoscorpions are speciose within the Project and Reference Areas (Table 2). Determining the

range of pseudoscorpions has historically been difficult, owing to the low abundance of many species.

The observed ranges to date of Chthoniidae and Hyidae and in the Pilbara are highly variable and



24

complex (Bennelongia unpublished data). There is one pseudoscorpion species known only from the

Project Area.

Indohya sp. S02

The two records of Indohya sp. S02 have been collected very close to the proposed pit boundary at P6

Deposit (75 m and 35 m from the boundary) (Figure 5). Based on regional geological mapping, these

drill holes occur in ferricrete (laterite, unmineralised shales). The surface expression of this unit covers

approximately 0.37 km2 within the P6 Deposit and forms a continuous extension outside the proposed

pit area to the north east covering approximately 2.17 km2 (BHP Billiton Iron Ore 2015). Based on the

mapped geology and the topography of the area, there are no barriers to this species moving within

the same or similar geological units outside of the Project Area (BHP Billiton Iron Ore 2015). It is likely

that Indohya sp. S02 occurs more widely in the adjacent habitat (Table 4).

The other species of this genus collected at Mining Area C (Indohya `PSE005`) has a relatively large

linear range of 21 km and is not restricted to the Project Area.

Schizomida

Schizomids are probably the most studied troglofauna, in terms of distributions, in Western Australia

and have variable ranges. Harvey et al. (2008) reported that six species of schizomid in the Robe

Valley were each tightly restricted to single mesas (the largest only 989 ha), although Draculoides vinei

in the Cape Range had a linear range of about 50 km. At least four of the schizomids collected at

Mining Area C have ranges of 10 km or more; e.g. Draculoides `SCH012` 12 km, Draculoides `SCH013`

10 km, Draculoides `SCH022` 36 km, Draculoides `SCH023` 18 km (Table 2).

Two schizomid species are known only from the Project Area (including approved indicative mine pits

at Mining Area C) (Figure 5). These are Draculoides `SCH018` (also known from Hope Downs) and

Draculoides sp. B47.

Draculoides sp. ’SCH018’

Draculoides sp. ’SCH018’ has been recorded from four locations within the R Deposit pit as well as at

the Hope Downs pit (Figure 5). Two of the records within the R Deposit pit occur close (30 and 110 m)

to the edge of the pit boundaries within the mapped Marra Mamba (MacLeod Member), which

extends outside the pit boundaries covering a surface area of 0.15 km2 (BHP Billiton Iron Ore 2015).

The species is also known from Hope Downs pit 3.5 km away. All four drill holes where the species

was recorded at R Deposit have hardcap present to varying depths and it is considered likely that the

area of hardcap between R Deposit and Hope Downs is likely to be used by the species. Hence,

Draculoides `SCH018` is considered unlikely to be restricted to the Project Area (Table 4).

Draculoides sp. B47

Draculoides sp. B47 has been recorded from a number of drill holes at both A Deposit and B Deposit

and has a known linear range of 4.4 km (Table 2, Figure 5). It has primarily been recorded in the

following geologies: hardcap Marra Mamba and alluvials/colluvials at A Deposit; and

alluvials/colluvials and both mineralised and un-mineralised Marra Mamba at B Deposit (BHP Billiton

Iron Ore unpublished data). Given the demonstrated distribution of this species, it is likely Draculoides

sp. B47 occurs outside of proposed or approved mine pits, in the area immediately south of A Deposit,

where similar geology is present (BHP Billiton Iron Ore 2015; BHP Billiton Iron Ore unpublished data).

Therefore, Draculoides sp. B47 is considered to be at low risk from proposed mining (Table 4).

Araneae

Spiders, like pseudoscorpions, are typically collected in low abundance and determining ranges can be

difficult. The genus Prethopalpus contains the most commonly collected troglofauna spiders.

Although the range observed for the recently described Prethopalpus maini is 18 km (Baehr 2012),



25

Table 4. Troglofauna species known only from the Project Area or the Project Area and the adjacent approved mine pits.

Higher Group

Species Singleton

Number of

Holes

Present

Linear

Range

(km)

Surrogates

Restricted

to Project

Area?

Prospective

Habitat

Adjacent Pit1

Ranges of

Related Species2

(km)

Pseudoscorpiones

Indohya sp. S02 No 2 0.1 Yes 21,

Indohya `PSE005` Unlikely

Schizomida

Draculoides `SCH018` No 5 5.8 Yes <5-50 Unlikely

Draculoides sp. B47 No 9 4.4 Yes <5-50 Unlikely

Araneae

Gnaphosidae sp. B01 Yes N/A N/A Yes

0.7-45,

Gnaphosidae

(some species

possibly

troglophiles)

Unlikely

?Theridiidae sp. B01 Yes N/A N/A Yes No data Unlikely

Anapistula sp. B02 Yes N/A N/A Yes 17,

Anapistula sp. B01 Unlikely

Prethopalpus pearsoni No 3 0.9 Yes Typically <10 Unlikely

Prethopalpus sp. B06 No 2 7.7 Typically <10 Unlikely

Prethopalpus sp.

(Araneae sp. S07) Yes N/A N/A Yes Typically <10 Unlikely

Isopoda

Troglarmadillo sp. B03 No 7 17 Yes Typically 2-3 Unlikely

Myriapoda

Cryptops sp. B39 Yes N/A N/A Yes

Commonly

widespread

(possibly

troglophiles)

Unlikely

Pauropodidae sp. B12 Yes N/A N/A Yes Highly variable Unlikely

Hanseniella sp. B08 No 4 0.9 Yes Mostly <5 Uncertain

Symphyella sp. B03 Yes N/A N/A Yes Uncertain Uncertain

Diplura

Parajapygidae sp. B27 Yes N/A N/A Yes Variable Unlikely

Parajapygidae sp. S03 Yes N/A N/A Uncertain Variable Uncertain

Thysanura

Atelurinae sp. B04 Yes N/A N/A Yes

Widespread, e.g.

Atelurinae sp.

B02, Table 2

(possibly

troglophiles)

Unlikely

Coleoptera

Cryptorhynchinae sp.

S03 Yes N/A N/A Yes

1.7-91

Curculionidae

species

Unlikely

Typhlozuphium

longipenne Yes N/A N/A Yes

29

Typhlozuphium

humicolum, Table

2

Unlikely

Zuphiini sp. B03 Yes N/A N/A Yes

29

Typhlozuphium

humicolum

Unlikely

1BHP Billiton Iron Ore(2015); 2Bennelongia unpublished data



26

most species of the genus probably have linear ranges <10 km (Bennelongia unpublished data).

Troglofaunal spiders in the family Gnaphosidae appear to be relatively wide ranging, e.g. nr

Encoptarthria sp. B01 has a known linear range of 45 km (Table 2). Data on Symphytognathidae

spiders (Anapistula sp. B02) are relatively scant but one species from the central Pilbara, Anapistula sp.

B01, has a known linear range of 17 km (Bennelongia unpublished data).

Six species of spider are known only from the Project Area (including adjacent approved mine pits).

Gnaphosidae sp. B01

A single Gnaphosidae sp. B01 specimen has been collected within the P2 Deposit approximately 95 m

from the northern boundary of the pit (Figure 6). The record is within the mapped geological unit

Martite goethite (Joffre) and hardcap alteration has been identified from 0-24 m depth (BHP Billiton

Iron Ore 2015). Both the hardcap and Joffre units that provide habitat for this species have been

modelled to extend about 500 m to the north of the collection site of Gnaphosidae sp. B01 (BHP

Billiton Iron Ore 2015). Furthermore, the stratigraphy of P2 Deposit is cross cut by a number of faults

and splays. This fracturing most likely provides conduits for troglofauna movement through a number

of stratigraphies prospective for troglofauna, as evidenced by the records of troglobitic species to the

north of the P2 Deposit pit (Appendix 5).

Given that troglofaunal gnaphosids are typically quite wide-ranging in the Pilbara and there is

prospective habitat north of the P2 Deposit pit, it is most likely that Gnaphosidae sp. B01 occurs in the

hardcap and Joffre habitat outside of the Project Area (and quite possibly in other geologies).

?Theridiidae sp. B01

Species of Theridiidae have very rarely been collected as troglofauna in the Pilbara (Bennelongia

unpublished data), so related species provide little basis for inferring the likely range of ?Theridiidae

sp. B01. ?Theridiidae sp. B01 is known from a single record at D Deposit, approximately 120 m from

the pit boundary (Figure 6). The collection site is within mapped colluvium and alluvium (detritals of

ore, chert and BIF clasts) and Marra Mamba formation (Mount Newman Member and MacLeod

Members) (BHP Billiton Iron Ore 2015). Suitable habitat within the detritals extends within and to the

north of D Deposit and suitable habitat within the Mt Newman and MacLeod Members extends well

to the south beyond the proposed mine pit (BHP Billiton Iron Ore 2015). While the range

characteristics of the Theridiidae family are unknown, its occurrence in widespread colluvium and

alluvium suggests the range of ?Theridiidae sp. B01 extends outside the Project Area (Table 4). This

conclusion is made even more likely by the proximity of the single record to the edge of the mine pit.

Anapistula sp. B02

Another species of the genus (Anapistula sp. B01) has a known linear range of 17 km in the central

Pilbara (Bennelongia unpublished data). This suggests that moderately wide ranges can be expected

for species of Anapistula. Anapistula sp. B02 is known from a single record occurring 650 m within R

Deposit (Figure 6). The record of this species occurs within consolidated alluvium, logged by BHP

Billiton Iron Ore as tertiary detritals (TD3, TD2 and TD1) (BHP Billiton Iron Ore 2015). Based on

geological mapping the alluvium is continuous to the north, extending well outside of the R Deposit

pit. Hence, it is expected that Anapistula sp. B02 will not be restricted to the Project Area (Table 4).

Prethopalpus pearsoni

Prethopalpus pearsoni has a known linear range of 0.9 km (based on 3 records) at P4 Deposit

(Figure 6). All three drill holes occur within mapped unit Martite goethite (Joffre) and have been

logged as Joffre Member with hardcap alteration present at depths of up to 30 m (BHP Billiton Iron

Ore 2015). The modelled stratigraphy indicates that both the hardcap alteration and the Joffre units in

which this species occurs extend to the north well beyond the pit boundary (BHP Billiton Iron Ore



27

2015). It is expected that the range of Prethopalpus pearsoni is larger than currently documented and

that the species occurs beyond the pit boundary (Table 4).


Prethopalpus sp. B06 is known from two records at Mining Area C. One specimen was collected 20 m

from the pit boundary of R Deposit and the other was at B Deposit (Figure 6). These records are

separated by a linear distance of 7.7 km and an extensive sequence of alluvial deposits (BHP Billiton

Iron Ore 2015). Although the specimens were collected from drill holes comprising Marra Mamba

(including hardcap nearer the surface), it is likely this species makes some use of the alluvials that

occur between R Deposit and B Deposit. Furthermore, suitable habitat in the hardcapped Marra

Mamba extends to the north of B Deposit pit boundary; and suitable Marra Mamba habitat extends to

the north of R Deposit (BHP Billiton Iron Ore 2015). It is, therefore, considered most unlikely that

Prethopalpus sp. B06 is restricted to the Project Area (Table 4).

Prethopalpus sp. (Araneae sp. S07)

Prethopalpus sp. (Araneae sp. S07) is known from a single record about 360 m within P5 Deposit

(Figure 5). The record occurs within the mapped unit Brockman Formation (Mt Whaleback Shale).

Hardcap has been logged from 0 to 21 m depth in the area, and it is likely that this hardcap and the

shallower Dales Gorge Member are the units providing the suitable habitat for this species (BHP

Billiton Iron Ore 2015). Habitat mapping has shown hardcap extends from the collection site to

beyond of the pit boundary. It is considered likely that Prethopalpus sp. (Araneae sp. S07) occurs in

this hardcap outside of the mine pits (Table 4).

Isopoda

There is one isopod species known only from the Project Area (including adjacent approved mine

pits).


A single species of slater, Troglarmadillo sp. B03, is known only from the Project Area and approved

mine pits. Troglarmadillo species in the Pilbara typically have ranges of 2-3 km (Halse and Pearson

2014). By comparison, Troglarmadillo sp. B03 is a wide-ranging species with a linear range of 17 km.

The species has been recorded from six drill holes across Jirrpalpur Range from A Deposit, D Deposit,

E Deposit and F Deposit (Figure 7). It occurs within mapped geological units alluvium/ colluvium and

martite goethite supergene ore (BHP Billiton Iron Ore 2015).

The moderately extensive range of the species and its occurrence in alluvium / colluvium at A, D, E and

F deposits suggests it makes use of Tertiary detritals as habitat. Hence, Troglarmadillo sp. B03 is also

likely to occur within the extensive Tertiary detrital deposits stretching along the valley to the north of

the Jirrpalpur Range, where there has been almost no sampling because of the lack of drill holes. It is

considered unlikely that the species is restricted the proposed mine pits (Table 4).

Myriapoda

Myriapods are a diverse group comprising four classes (Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Pauropoda and

Symphyla). Myriapods collected from subterranean environments in the Pilbara tend to have low

abundances, which makes determination of ranges difficult. Three of the four classes of myriapods

(Chilopoda, Diplopoda and Pauropoda) include species with linear ranges in excess of 100 km

(Table 2).

Four species of myriapod are known only from the Project Area (including adjacent approved mine

pits).



28

Cryptops sp. B39

Species of Cryptops have been found to be very wide-ranging in the Pilbara (e.g. Cryptops sp. B07 and

Cryptops sp. B15, Table 2) and, for this reason, it is considered likely that most species collected as

troglofauna are troglophiles with a surface dispersal phase in their life history.

Cryptops sp. B39 is known from a single record from within P2 Deposit (Figure 7). The record is

located within the mapped colluvium, which has been logged as detritals TD3. The Joffre Member

below the colluvium is characterised by unmineralised BIF with hardcap alteration to 36 m depth. The

Joffre Member outcrops in the drill hole directly to the north and extends north of the P2 Deposit pit

boundary (BHP Billiton Iron Ore 2015). Faulting in the area may also provide fractures that act as

conduits for movement for this species (BHP Billiton Iron Ore 2015). Hence, it is considered unlikely

that Cryptops sp. B39 is restricted to the Project Area.


The taxonomy of pauropods in Australia is not well established (Scheller 2013) but some species in the

Pilbara have extensive ranges, such as Pauropodidae sp. B01 (known linear range of 287 km), while

other species typically have smaller ranges in the order of 10 km or less (Bennelongia 2009a, b,

unpublished data).

Pauropodidae sp. B12 is known from a single record, which was collected approximately 120 m inside

the northern boundary of the P3 Deposit (Figure 7). Drill-hole logs suggest Pauropodidae sp. B12

occurs within hardcapped Weeli Wolli Formation BIF. Based on the surface geological mapping both

the Weeli Wolli Formation and the hardcap alteration extend well to the north of the P3 Deposit pit

(BHP Billiton Iron Ore 2015). It is considered unlikely that Pauropodidae sp. B12 is restricted to the

Project Area.

Hanseniella sp. B08

To date, all species of the symphylan genus Hanseniella collected from subterranean samples have

known ranges of <35 km and many have known linear ranges of <5 km (Bennelongia unpublished).

Hanseniella sp. B08 was recorded from four drill holes on the margin between P3 Deposit and P2

Deposit (Figure 7). All four of the drill holes contain unmineralised BIF (Brockman Iron Formation) with

hardcap that becomes semi-hardcap with depth. Mapping suggests that surface expression of

Brockman Formation (Joffre) extends continuously to the north and east of the P2 Deposit proposed

pit. Furthermore, P2 Deposit is cross cut by a number of faults and splays (BHP Billiton Iron Ore 2015).

This fracturing most likely provides conduits for movement of troglofauna.

With a linear range of 0.9 km based on four tightly grouped records in the Project Area and approved

indicative mine pit at P3 Deposit, it is possible that Hanseniella sp. B08 has a preference for a

particular habitat that occurs where it has been collected, which would account for the cluster of

recorded occurrences here and nowhere else. However, given the relatively well connected geology in

which the species occurs and its occurrence approximately 540 m from the edge of the proposed

mine pit, Hanseniella sp. B08 may extend outside the Project Area.

Symphyella sp. B03

There is little information on ranges of Symphyella species but it is expected they are similar to the

ranges of species in the symphylan genus Hanseniella (typically <5 km). Symphyella sp. B03 is known

from a single record within the R Deposit pit (Figure 7). It occurs within the Marra Mamba Formation

where hardcap has been identified from 0 to 10 m depth (BHP Billiton Iron Ore 2015). Suitable habitat

exists in the hardcapped MacLeod Member, which extends to the south of R Deposit. The hardcapped

detritals to the north may also provide suitable habitat for this species. Symphyella sp. B03 probably

occurs outside R Deposit pit but the limited data for this species (and genus) mean there is

uncertainty about the range of the species (Table 4).



29

Diplura

Two species of diplurans, Parajapygidae sp. B27 and Parajapygidae sp. S03, are known only from the

Project Area. As a group, diplurans are not recognised as likely to contain tightly restricted species in

the Pilbara. While little is known about the distributions of species of Parajapygidae and the

taxonomy of the family is not well developed, ranges do appear to be variable (Bennelongia

unpublished data).

Parajapygidae sp. B27

Parajapygidae sp. B27 is known from a single record within P2 Deposit (Figure 8). It occurs in an area

mapped as unmineralised Joffre BIF, with hardcap occurring from 0-12 m and semi-hardcap occurring

from 12-36 m. Unmineralised Joffre BIF extends continuously outside of the P2 Deposit pit with a

surface expression of approximately 4.7 km2. Furthermore, a number of faults and splays occur at P2

Deposit (BHP Billiton Iron Ore 2015). This fracturing most likely provides conduits for troglofauna

movement. The extension of Joffre BIF and faults and splays outside P2 Deposit reduces the

likelihood that Parajapygidae sp. B27 is restricted to the mine pit within this deposit. Therefore,

Parajapygidae sp. B27 is regarded as likely to occur outside the Project Area (Table 4).

Parajapygidae sp. S03

Parajapygidae sp. S03 is known from a single record within P6 Deposit (Figure 8). The geology of the

drill hole consists of mineralised detritals (TD3) and Dales Gorge Member with hardcap occurring from

0 to 27 m (BHP Billiton Iron Ore 2015). Hardcap is known to extend outside of the mine pit, but the

remainder of the geology in the surrounding area is not well understood (BHP Billiton Iron Ore 2015).

Parajapygidae sp. S03 probably occurs outside P6 Deposit pit but the limited data for this species (and

family) and the poor understanding of the geology nearby mean there is uncertainty about the likely

range of this species (Table 4).

Thysanura

Of the two sub-families of Nicoletiidae collected in the Pilbara, species of Atelurinae appear to be

more wide ranging than Nicoletiinae (Bennelongia unpublished data).

Atelurinae sp. B04

Atelurinae sp. B04 is a singleton record approximately 150 m within the boundary of B Deposit

(Figure 8). It occurs in unmineralised shales and BIF of the MacLeod Member with hardcap occurring

from 0-13 m and semi-hardcap from 13-33 m depth. Similar suitable habitat in the MacLeod Member

extends to the west and south of the B Deposit pit.

Given the adjacent prospective habitat to the collection site and the relatively widespread nature of

most species of this family, Atelurinae sp. B04 is considered unlikely to be restricted to the Project

Area.

Coleoptera

Among the beetle families, troglofaunal species of Carabidae, Curculionidae, and Staphylinidae occur

in the Pilbara. Curculionid species appear quite widespread, whereas the species of the carabid tribe

Zuphiini appear to have more localised ranges (Bennelongia unpublished data).

Three species of beetle are known only from the Project Area.



30

Cryptorhynchinae sp. S03

Cryptorhynchinae sp. S03 (weevil family Curculionidae) is thought to be the only member of the

subfamily Cryptorhynchinae collected in the Pilbara. However, species belonging to other sub families

of Curculionidae appear to be reasonably widespread, e.g. Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. B02 has a known

linear range of 28 km (Table 2).

Cryptorhynchinae sp. S03 is known from a single record within P4 Deposit (Figure 8) at a drill hole

containing unenriched Joffre BIF with some hardcap and semi-hardcap. Hardcap is known to extend

beyond both the northern and southern boundaries of P4 Deposit pit. Joffre BIF extends to the north

of the maximum pit extent (BHP Billiton Iron Ore 2015).

Given the prospective habitat outside the proposed mine pit at P4 Deposit and the reasonably

widespread nature of other species of the family Curculionidae, Cryptorhynchinae sp. S03 is

considered unlikely to be restricted to the Project Area.

Typhlozuphium longipenne

Relatively little is known about the ranges or biology of troglofauna species in the tribe Zuphiini

(family Carabidae) in the Pilbara. Descriptions of two species from Mining Area C have recently been

published (Baehr 2014). These are Typhlozuphium longipenne, which is known from a single specimen

at P2 Deposit, and Typhlozuphium humicolum, which occurs from P3 Deposit to Jinidi with a linear

range of 29 km (Table 2).

Typhlozuphium longipenne is known from a single record occurring within an area of Joffre units that

are mostly enriched (Fe >50%) and have hardcap and semi-hardcap alteration from the surface to

about 70 m depth (BHP Billiton Iron Ore 2015). Limited stratigraphic information is available to the

north and south of the mine pit boundary at P2 and P3 Deposits but current resource modelling

shows that suitable habitat for troglofauna is present in the Joffre Member to the north of the pit

boundaries (BHP Billiton Iron Ore 2015). Further, the stratigraphy of P2 Deposit is cross cut by a

number of faults and splays that may provide conduits for troglofauna movement to the north of the

P2 Deposit mine pit (Appendix 5). Therefore, it is considered unlikely that Typhlozuphium longipenne

is restricted to the Project Area (Table 4).

Zuphiini sp. B03

Zuphiini sp. B03 is closely related to Typhlozuphium longipenne (known only from P2 Deposit pit) and

Typhlozuphium humicolum (known linear range 29 km, Table 2).

Zuphiini sp. B03 is known from a single record in F Deposit (Figure 8). Stratigraphy of the drill hole in

which it was collected was not logged but, based on geological mapping, the outcropping unit is

colluvium and alluvium (Tertiary detritals). Alluvial and colluvial material extends continuously outside

of the F Deposit pit to the west and north (BHP Billiton Iron Ore 2015). It is likely that Zuphiini sp. B03

occurs only in the vicinity of Mining Area C but, if the species occurs in the Tertiary detritals within the

mine pit, it probably also occurs beyond the pit.

6.3. Threat to Species It is difficult to determine the level of threat from mining to the 20 species that are currently known

only from within the Project Area (or the Project Area and the approved mine pits). A key

consideration, however, is that the currently known distributions of most, if not all, species

underestimate the true ranges of these species because of the small number of specimens collected.

The conservation status of species with ranges extending outside the Project Area is unlikely to be

affected by mining.



31

Using available information on the ranges of related species and the continuity of habitats, it is

inferred that 17 of the 20 species currently known only from the Project Area are unlikely to be

restricted to the Project Area and approved indicative mine pits (Table 4). Accordingly, the proposed

development is considered to present only a low level of threat to the conservation of these species.

There is currently little information on which to infer likely ranges of the remaining three species

(Hanseniella sp. B08, Symphyella sp. B03, and Parajapygidae sp. S03). Consequently, the level of threat

to these species is regarded as uncertain because of limited information. As was mentioned near the

beginning of Section 6.2, the categorisation of the ranges of these three species as uncertain creates a

greater distinction between the likely level of threat to them and the other 17 species than is probably

warranted.

6.4. Mine Closure The primary impact on troglofauna will occur during mining as mine pits are excavated. No additional

impacts are likely to threaten troglofauna conservation during mine closure.

7. CONCLUSION Troglofauna surveys in the Project Area were conducted in accordance with the recommendations of

EPA Guidance Statement 54A and Environmental Assessment Guideline 12. Altogether, 82 species

belonging to 17 Orders were recorded from the Project Area and related Reference Area. The orders

collected were Pseudoscorpiones, Palpigradi, Schizomida, Araneae, Opiliones, Isopoda, Scolopendrida,

Polyxenida, Spirobolida, Tetramerocerata, Cephalostigmata, Diplura, Thysanura, Blattodea, Hemiptera,

Coleoptera and Diptera.

Habitat characterisation suggested there is little difference in the structure of the rock between

commercial grade iron ore (i.e. the mine pits) and surrounding areas. The differences between the two

areas are mainly subtle variation in the extent of mineralisation that affects the commercial viability of

mining rather than differences in habitat structure that will affect the density and distribution of

troglofauna.

It is difficult to determine the level of threat to the 20 species (of which 13 species or 65% are

singletons) that are currently known only from within the Project Area, or the Project Area and the

approved mine pits. This is mainly because while current distributions almost certainly underestimate

the true ranges of the species because of the small number of records of each species, the extent of

underestimation is not known.

Seventeen of the 20 species are considered unlikely to be restricted to the Project Area and approved

indicative mine pits, and the proposed development is considered to present only a low level of threat

to the conservation of these species. The level of threat to three species (Hanseniella sp. B08,

Symphyella sp. B03, and Parajapygidae sp. S03) is uncertain because there is currently little

information on which to infer likely ranges of these species.

It is considered that all significant threats to troglofauna will occur during mining (the excavation of

mine pits). No additional threat to troglofauna conservation is expected following mine closure.

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the relationship between sampling efficiency and short range endemism for groundwater fauna

in the Pilbara region, Western Australia. Freshwater Biology 54, 885-901.

EPA (2003) Guidance for the assessment of environmental factors: consideration of subterranean

fauna in groundwater and caves during environmental impact assessment in Western Australia.

Guidance Statement 54. Environmental Protection Authority, Perth, 12 pp.

EPA (2007) Sampling methods and survey considerations for subterranean fauna in Western Australia

(Technical Appendix to Guidance Statement No. 54). Guidance Statement 54A. Environmental

Protection Authority, Perth, 32 pp.

EPA (2013) Consideration of subterranean fauna in environmental impact assessment in WA.

Environmental Assessment Guideline 12, Environmental Protection Authority, Perth, 20 pp.

Guisan, A., Broennimann, O., Engler, R., Vust, M., Yoccoz, N.G., Lehmann, A. and Zimmermann, N.E.

(2006) Using niche-based models to improve sampling of rare species. Conservation Biology, 20,

501-511.

Guzik, M.T., Austin, A.D., Cooper, S.J.B., Harvey, M.S., Humphreys, W.F., Bradford, T., Eberhard, S.M.,

King, R.A., Leys, R., Muirhead, K.A. and Tomlinson, M. (2010) Is the Australian subterranean

fauna uniquely diverse? Invertebrate Systematics 24, 407-418.

Hadley, N.F., Ahearn, G.A. and Howarth, F.G. (1981) Water and metabolic relations of cave-adapted

and epigean lycosid spiders in Hawaii. Journal of Arachnology 9, 215-222.

Halse, S.A. and Pearson, G.B. (2014) Troglofauna in the vadose zone: comparison of scraping and

trapping results and sampling adequacy. Journal of Subterranean Biology 13, 17-34.

Harvey, M.S., Berry, O., Edward, K.L. and Humphreys, G. (2008) Molecular and morphological

systematics of hypogean schizomids (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) in semiarid Australia.

Invertebrate Systematics 22, 167-194.

Howarth, F.G. (1980) The zoogeography of specialized cave animals: a bioclimatic model. Evolution 34,

394-406.

Howarth, F.G., and Stone, F.D. (1990) Elevated carbon dioxide levels in Bayliss Cave, Australia:

iImplications for the evolution of obligate cave species. Pacific Science 44, 207-218.

Humphreys, W.F. (1990) The biology of a troglobitic schizomid (Chelicerata: Schizomida) in the caves

of Cape Range, Western Australia. Acta Zoologica Fennica 190, 181-186.

Lamoreux, J. (2004) Stygobites are more wide-ranging than troglobites. Journal of Cave and Karst

Studies 66, 18-19.

Maurer, B.A. (1990) The relationship between distribution and abundance in a patchy environment.

Oikos 58, 181-189.

Miller, R.I., Stuart, S.N. and Howell, K.M. (1989) A method for analysing rare species distribution

patterns utilising GIS technology: the rare birds of Tanzania. Landscape Ecology, 2, 173-189.

Platnick, N.I. (2008) A new subterranean ground spider genus from Western Australia (Araneae:

Trochanteriidae). Invertebrate Systematics 22, 295-299.

Rio Tinto (2008) Public environmental review, Marandoo mine phase 2. Rio Tinto, Perth, 235 pp.

Scheller, U. (2013a) Pauropoda (Myriapoda) in Australia, with descriptions of new species from

Western Australia. Records of the Australian Museum Supplement 82, 133 pp.

Sket, B., Paragamian, K. and Tontelj, P. (2004) A census of the obligate subterranean fauna of the

Balkan Peninsula. In: HI Griffith (Ed.), Balkan Biodiversity. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, pp. 309-

322.



34

APPENDICES



35

Appendix 1 - Summary of Timing of all Troglofauna Survey at Mining Area C

Table 1. Sampling dates of baseline surveys undertaken at Mining Area C.

Study Area Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5

A Deposit 5 December 2007 - 4 February

2008

11 March - 14 May 2008

B Deposit 17 March - 14 May 2008 25 July - 22 September 2008 29 March - 5 June 2011

C Deposit 17 January - 12 March 2008

D Deposit 11 January - 13 March 2008 12 March - 14 May 2008

E Deposit 9 January - 14 March 2008 13 March - 14 May 2008

F Deposit 4 December 2007 - 5 February

2008

5 February - 9 April 2008

R Deposit 1 April - 3 June 2008 5 August - 2 October 2008

P1 Deposit 12 December 2007 - 11 February

2008

4 February - 2 April 2008 25 February - 12 June 2009 6 June - 6 August 2012 6 August 2012


2008

26 February - 6 June 2009 11 April - 24 June 2010 23 June - 24 June 2010


2008

4 February - 13 April 2008 26 February - 6 June 2009 7 April - 24 June 2009 24 June - 28 June 2009

P4 Deposit 17 March - 18 June 2008 13 October - 26 November 2008 8 April - 28 June 2009 26 June - 28 June 2009

P5 Deposit 9 April - 19 June 2008 13 October - 27 November 2008

P6 Deposit 18 April - 21 June 2008 8 October - 11 December 2008 10 December - 11 December

2008

South Flank 18 March 2010 - 10 August 2010 17 April - 9 August 2012

Table 2. Sampling dates of targeted surveys undertaken within at Mining Area C.

Study Area 2008 (Targeted 1) 2009 (Targeted 2) 2013-2014 (Targeted 3) 2015 (Targeted 4)

A Deposit 6 March 2015 – 6 May 2015

B Deposit 6 March 2015 – 6 May 2015

F Deposit 6 March 2015 – 5 May 2015

R Deposit 5 March 2015 – 6 May 2015

P1 Packsaddle 29 March - 2 April 2008 30 July 2009 6 November 2013 - 9 January 2014;

17 February 2014 - April 2014

P2 Packsaddle 30 July 2009 8 November 2013 - 9 January 2014;


4 March 2015 – 5 May 2015

P3 Packsaddle 30 July 2009 9 November 2013 - 9 January 2014;




36

Study Area 2008 (Targeted 1) 2009 (Targeted 2) 2013-2014 (Targeted 3) 2015 (Targeted 4)

P4 Packsaddle 13 April- 23 April 2008 22 July 2008 5 March 2015 – 5 May 2015

P5 Packsaddle 22 April- 23 April 2008 21 July 2008 5 March 2015 – 5 May 2015

P6 Packsaddle 20 April- 24 April 2008

South Flank 5 March 2015 – 7 May 2015



37

Appendix 2 - Troglofauna Field and Laboratory Methods

Troglofauna samples were collected from vertical, uncased drill holes within the Study Area. In most

cases, samples consisted of the results of two separate collecting techniques being applied in a

borehole. These were trapping and scraping:

(1) Trapping. Custom made cylindrical PVC traps (270 x 70 millimetres [mm], entrance holes side

and top) were used for trapping. Traps were baited with moist leaf litter (sterilised by

microwaving) and lowered on nylon cord to within several metres of the watertable or end of

the bore. In every fourth bore, a second trap was set mid-way down the bore. Traps were

retrieved eight weeks later and their contents (bait and captured fauna) were emptied into a

zip-lock bag and road freighted to the laboratory in Perth.

(2) Scraping. Scrapes were collected immediately prior to setting traps. A troglofauna net

(weighted ring net, 150 micrometre (µm) screen, various apertures according to bore

diameter) was lowered to the bottom of the bore, or to the watertable, and scraped back to

the surface along the bore walls. Each scrape comprised four sequences of lowering and

retrieving with the aim of scraping all troglofauna present on the walls of the bore into the

net. After each scrape, the contents of the net were transferred to a 125 millilitres (ml) vial and

preserved in 100% ethanol. Scrape sampling usually yields more troglofauna than trapping.

Once returned to the laboratory, troglofauna were extracted from leaf litter bait used in traps by

placing the bait in Tullgren® funnels under incandescent lamps. The light and heat drives the

troglofauna and other invertebrates out of the litter into the base of the funnel containing 100%

ethanol (preservative) (EPA 2007). After about 72 hours, the ethanol and its contents were removed

and sorted under a dissecting microscope. Litter from each funnel was also examined under a

microscope for any remaining live or dead animals. Preserved scrapes were elutriated in the

laboratory to separate animals from heavier sediment and screened into size fractions (250, 90 and 53

µm) to remove debris and improve searching efficiency. Samples were then sorted under a dissecting

microscope.

All fauna were picked from scrape samples or extracted from bait were examined for troglomorphic

characteristics (lack of eyes and pigmentation, well developed sensory organs, slender appendages,

vermiform body shape). Surface and soil-dwelling animals were identified only to Order level.

Troglofauna were, as far as possible, identified to species or morphospecies level, unless damaged,

juvenile or the wrong sex for identification. Identifications were made under dissecting and/or

compound microscope and specimens were dissected as necessary.

In several cases troglofauna from the Project Area and Reference Area could not be identified to

species level because they were damaged, juvenile or the wrong sex for species determination. These

higher level (i.e. above species level) identifications were included in calculations of the number of

species present only if the specimens could not belong to a species already recorded (e.g. Japygidae

sp. was not included as an additional species because the family Japygidae was already represented by

Japygidae `DPL002`).

Reference

EPA (2007) Sampling methods and survey considerations for subterranean fauna in Western Australia

(Technical Appendix to Guidance Statement No. 54). Guidance Statement 54A. Environmental

Protection Authority, Perth, 32 pp.



38

Appendix 3 - Drill Holes Sampled in the Project and Reference Area Area Deposit Drill Hole Code Latitude Longitude

Project Area

Jirrpalpur A Pit GA0068R -22.924071 119.008426

GA0246R -22.922537 119.010924

GA0247R -22.92313 119.010899

GA0272R -22.927661 119.003742

GA0295R -22.923641 119.01261

GA0302R -22.923609 119.010924

GB0078R -22.942646 119.047126

GB0080R -22.944002 119.04715

GB0082R -22.945759 119.047211

GB0086R -22.947566 119.047189

GB0090R -22.949448 119.047296

GB0206R -22.944413 119.052969

GB0207R -22.945292 119.052923

GB0208R -22.945763 119.05295

GB0209R -22.946178 119.052998

B Pit BP013 -22.947085 119.020972

GB0019R -22.944569 119.007395

GB0020R -22.944928 119.007072

GB0050R -22.93885 118.999138

GB0076R -22.934751 119.001549

GB0106R -22.952131 119.012129

GB0107R -22.952574 119.012199

GB0108R -22.952988 119.01223

GB0116R -22.947116 119.0179

GB0119R -22.948913 119.017925

GB0122R -22.95072 119.017868

GB0124R -22.944491 119.023771

GB0126R -22.945391 119.023779

GB0130R -22.947133 119.02378

GB0136R -22.952502 119.01797

GB0140R -22.954306 119.017952

GB0141R -22.954748 119.017967

GB0143R -22.948797 119.023843

GB0144RE -22.949206 119.023906

GB0145R -22.94966 119.023876

GB0147R -22.950674 119.023825

GB0152R -22.94527 119.035517

GB0155R -22.946626 119.03558

GB0159R -22.948558 119.035485

GB0160R -22.948914 119.035508

GB0161R -22.949448 119.035519

GB0162R -22.950274 119.035509

GB0163R -22.951199 119.029425

GB0164R -22.950879 119.029552

GB0165RE -22.950414 119.029569

GB0166R -22.949987 119.029547

GB0167RE -22.949527 119.029509

GB0170R -22.94759 119.029645

GB0173R -22.952965 119.029545

GB0177R -22.954774 119.0296

GB0178R -22.955194 119.029608

GB0179R -22.95294 119.023827

GB0193R -22.949825 119.035515

GB0196R -22.948078 119.041316

GB0199R -22.946184 119.041282

GB0200R -22.946634 119.041301

GB0201R -22.947088 119.041326

GB0202R -22.947565 119.041327

GB0203R -22.9463 119.029692

GB0212R -22.955199 119.023823

GB0213R -22.954768 119.023839

GB0232R -22.947264 119.015092

GB0236R -22.949057 119.015098

GB0240R -22.950834 119.015092

GB0245R -22.953059 119.015095

GB0246R -22.953474 119.015077

GB0503R -22.951151 119.010811

GB0504R -22.95198 119.010012

GB0505R -22.951554 119.01039

GB0542R -22.950842 119.01107

GB0543R -22.951078 119.00882

GB0544R -22.950629 119.009192

GB0620R -22.937615 119.009501

GB0621R -22.937316 119.009893

Area Deposit Drill Hole Code Latitude Longitude

Project Area

GB0622R -22.937014 119.010178

GB0623R -22.93874 119.010676

GB0779R -22.950705 119.006492

GB0781R -22.954444 119.015149

C Pit GC0108R -22.927021 118.974432

GC0111R -22.927897 118.973345

GC0112R -22.926966 118.973312

GC0128R -22.927485 118.972201

GC0129R -22.92792 118.9722

GC0130R -22.927936 118.971031

GD0056R -22.931503 118.953501

GD0057R -22.931045 118.953484

GD0063R -22.928606 118.952873

D Pit GD0034R -22.929627 118.942795

GD0035R -22.929171 118.942814

GD0038R -22.929176 118.942219

GD0046R -22.929062 118.951089

GD0053R -22.931407 118.952891

GD0072R -22.929108 118.949904

GD0075R -22.931853 118.94869

GD0080R -22.929549 118.948685

GD0081R -22.929109 118.948024

GD0082R -22.928656 118.948021

GD0087R -22.929105 118.949312

GD0088R -22.929581 118.946877

GD0089R -22.929582 118.946337

GD0090R -22.929132 118.946304

GDR0010 -22.929575 118.945522

GDR0034 -22.931833 118.948038

GDR0065 -22.931327 118.951757

E Pit GD0016R -22.929185 118.941658

GE1064R -22.935252 118.862208

GE1125R -22.936338 118.91414

GE1126R -22.936296 118.913669

GE1129R -22.937501 118.910783

GE1131R -22.938223 118.910232

GE1136R -22.938718 118.910815

GE1142R -22.938829 118.909662

GE1144R -22.936843 118.909155

GE1160R -22.937929 118.908477

GE1163R -22.939193 118.908511

GE1170R -22.939022 118.907906

GE1174R -22.937051 118.907357

GE1182R -22.939084 118.906753

F Pit GF0130R -22.944394 118.876796

GF0137R -22.943951 118.877944

GF0139R -22.943454 118.879215

GF0166R -22.940291 118.882688

GF0253R -22.939414 118.879155

GF0308R -22.943727 118.890082

GF0312R -22.946076 118.888719

GF0321R -22.941984 118.888659

GF0389R -22.945036 118.859055

GF0392R -22.942563 118.859046

GF0403R -22.943395 118.848336

GF0406R -22.940645 118.848506

GF0408R -22.943423 118.843827

GF0412R -22.93997 118.843806

GF0413R -22.952655 118.836904

GF0415R -22.950812 118.837025

GF0417R -22.948913 118.836917

GF0419R -22.949989 118.830967

GF0421R -22.948158 118.830935

GF0424R -22.945465 118.830972

GFR0002 -22.939763 118.849923

GFR0010 -22.940826 118.838337

R Pit GBR0003 -22.9645 119.0196

GBR0004 -22.96633333 119.0199

GR0008R -22.969844 119.048913

GR0011R -22.974434 119.048856

GR0013R -22.974122 119.057255

GR0014R -22.973018 119.057174

GR0018R -22.97133 119.057208

GR0022R -22.967715 119.057141



39


Project Area

GR0023R -22.966527 119.062285

GR0025R -22.968332 119.062319

GR0027R -22.96951 119.057156

GR0029R -22.973534 119.038058

GR0037R -22.969101 119.038084

GR0038R -22.974475 119.032194

GR0047R -22.968254 119.067235

GR0051RT -22.969502 119.043928

GR0052R -22.975766 119.04383

GR0061R -22.975832 119.026212

GR0063R -22.974129 119.026417

GR0068R -22.969654 119.026449

GR0069R -22.976933 119.020625

GR0072R -22.973359 119.020664

GR0074R -22.972447 119.020655

GR0076R -22.977887 119.014687

GR0077R -22.976996 119.014787

GR0082R -22.972505 119.014737

GR0084R -22.970633 119.020619

GR0087R -22.96691 119.071972

GR0089R -22.969983 119.067306

GR0091R -22.971469 119.062328

GR0093R -22.971381 119.03229

GR0101R -22.969453 119.072026

GRR066 -22.972055 119.052716

GRR161 -22.970274 119.045154

GRS003 -22.967957 119.06524

GRS008 -22.968435 119.052059

GRS010 -22.970194 119.036202

RD012 -22.972214 119.045293

RP011 -22.966059 119.07278

RP013 -22.9643 119.072561

RP024 -22.967414 119.068912

RP028 -22.965287 119.068265

RP034A -22.968805 119.065413

RP043 -22.972029 119.060466

RP075 -22.971904 119.049116

RP081 -22.974227 119.045723

RP104 -22.972325 119.039145

RP111 -22.974157 119.03636

RP152 -22.977167 119.014446

Packsaddle P1 Pit GBRS0001 -22.925708 118.876331

GBRS0196 -22.91844444 118.87175

PS1EASTA -22.92152778 118.8755278

PSA0064R -22.91936 118.900951

PSA0532R -22.921562 118.858301

PSA0548R -22.921153 118.835006

PSA0550R -22.921279 118.864308

PSA0551R -22.920804 118.864308

P2 Pit GBP523 -22.911473 118.94067

GBP528 -22.91135 118.938284

GBP533 -22.913593 118.934788

GBP537 -22.912279 118.932408

GBP546 -22.912807 118.927644

GBP547 -22.913347 118.926463

GBP549 -22.912105 118.925253

GBP550 -22.912123 118.924062

GBP552 -22.913945 118.922906

GBP553 -22.91338 118.922892

GBP554 -22.913895 118.921728

GBP554A -22.913947 118.921816

GBP556 -22.913542 118.920528

GBP557 -22.912989 118.920519

GBP558 -22.913543 118.919326

PSB0032R -22.909372 118.942715

PSB0037R -22.912209 118.939655

PSB0038R -22.910182 118.93978

PSB0040R -22.912208 118.925092

PSB0048R -22.902177 118.942589

PSB0049R -22.901266 118.942535

PSB0051R -22.901669 118.942561

PSB0062R -22.909719 118.941216

PSB0063R -22.91028 118.941237

PSB0074R -22.911346 118.935405

PSB0080R -22.911213 118.9325

PSB0083R -22.912237 118.931124


Project Area

PSB0093R -22.912599 118.92814

PSB0096R -22.913568 118.929547

PSB0102R -22.912312 118.926616

PSB0104R -22.9117 118.92814

PSB0107R -22.909699 118.942793

PSB0116R -22.912653 118.929604

PSB0118R -22.91 118.929583

PSB0119R -22.910776 118.929577

PSB0120R -22.910341 118.929559

PSB0122R -22.910344 118.930928

PSB0123R -22.909476 118.930842

PSB0127R -22.910473 118.922072

PSB0128R -22.910903 118.922147

PSB0129R -22.910399 118.923632

PSB0130R -22.910902 118.923602

PSB0136R -22.908133 118.929725

PSB0139R -22.905026 118.941559

PSB0149R -22.910355 118.933999

PSB0153R -22.910709 118.936796

PSB0154R -22.909853 118.936756

PSB0155R -22.90976 118.938736

PSB0156R -22.909822 118.938398

PSB0157R -22.909048 118.938345

PSB0158R -22.909464 118.938466

PSB0159R -22.908595 118.93401

PSB0160R -22.909068 118.932428

PSB0161R -22.908168 118.932443

PSB0162R -22.910021 118.932565

PSB0163R -22.910735 118.932481

PSB0164R -22.910808 118.928

PSB0166R -22.912869 118.920819

PSB0167R -22.911815 118.920776

PSB0168R -22.91329 118.919282

PSB0169R -22.912508 118.919292

PSB0170R -22.911439 118.919244

PSB0172R -22.912886 118.917848

PSB0174R -22.911883 118.917878

PSB0177R -22.912979 118.92381

PSB0180R -22.910979 118.925411

PSB0184R -22.910463 118.935216

PSB0186R -22.908704 118.930991

PSB0187R -22.911215 118.931015

PSC0163R -22.910211 118.943576

PSC0164R -22.909821 118.943511

PSC0165R -22.909315 118.943533

P3 Pit GBP517 -22.910742 118.944187

GBP518 -22.910304 118.944238

GBP518B -22.910283 118.944238

PSB0053R -22.902135 118.944122

PSB0054R -22.901651 118.94408

PSB0056R -22.901823 118.945323

PSB0058R -22.901071 118.945311

PSB0106R -22.91131 118.942921

PSB0108R -22.909061 118.944833

PSB0110R -22.910106 118.944294

PSB0141R -22.906196 118.942648

PSC0034R -22.90191 118.950689

PSC0161R -22.911095 118.943406

PSC0162R -22.910629 118.943533

PSC0169R -22.909788 118.946516

PSC0172R -22.909772 118.945158

PSC0173R -22.910175 118.945001

PSC0193R -22.90911 118.947565

PSC0194R -22.908674 118.947803

PSC0196R -22.90953 118.947635

PSC0830R -22.900573 118.946184

PSC0831R -22.899651 118.946472

PSC0833R -22.902406 118.953784

PSC0834R -22.901092 118.95387

PSC0838R -22.901053 118.955343

PSC0840R -22.899893 118.956938

PSC0849R -22.901263 118.961088

PSC0851R -22.901981 118.962802

PSC0852R -22.901048 118.962988

PSC0861R -22.900907 118.968643

PSC0868RE -22.902031 118.964547



40


Project Area

PSC0871R -22.899663 118.959915

PSC0873R -22.899686 118.961486

PSC0874R -22.900534 118.959808

PSC0877R -22.90158 118.96286

PSC0878R -22.90066 118.962885

PSC0884R -22.901006 118.956871

PSC0885R -22.899774 118.95854

PSC0887R -22.900034 118.961378

PSC0891R -22.901953 118.965911

PSC0892R -22.901414 118.965823

PSC0895R -22.901029 118.950823

PSC0896R -22.899896 118.950985

PSC0898R -22.900251 118.949191

PSC0899R -22.901054 118.949347

PSC0911R -22.901468 118.968656

PSC0913R -22.901447 118.967382

PSC0917R -22.902028 118.95379

PSC0918R -22.901665 118.953764

PSC0919R -22.900656 118.95375

PSC1250R -22.909845 118.946114

PSC1251R -22.909661 118.946416

PSC1252R -22.910009 118.945465

P4 Pit PSC0109R -22.903782 118.974235

PSC0110R -22.904323 118.974193

PSC0111R -22.904656 118.974146

PSC0112R -22.905154 118.974095

PSC0938R -22.903748 118.975546

PSC0939R -22.904188 118.975528

PSC0941R -22.904649 118.9755

PSD0003R -22.908822 118.982775

PSD0004R -22.909599 118.982838

PSD0096R -22.900992 118.984319

PSD0116RE -22.901556 118.988701

PSD0117RE -22.901104 118.988707

PSD0118R -22.900665 118.98873

PSD0119R -22.900128 118.988187

PSD0120R -22.89972 118.988118

PSD0121R -22.900211 118.987758

PSD0122R -22.899738 118.987692

PSD0123R -22.899281 118.987273

PSD0124R -22.89885 118.987232

PSD0125R -22.897465 118.987214

PSD0126R -22.901083 118.990192

PSD0127R -22.900573 118.99017

PSD0136R -22.898811 118.9887

PSD0137R -22.898335 118.988688

PSD0138R -22.897926 118.9887

PSD0140R -22.902383 118.996095

PSD0141R -22.902323 118.99451

PSD0142R -22.902026 118.995045

PSD0143R -22.901873 118.996007

PSD0147R -22.90149 118.989617

PSD0180R -22.90207 118.981373

PSD0192R -22.902003 118.982834

PSD0193R -22.901577 118.982771

PSD0194R -22.901091 118.982932

PSD0195R -22.900644 118.982884

PSD0196R -22.900321 118.982948

PSE0101R -22.903995 119.009814

PSE0102R -22.903327 119.009234

PSE0103R -22.903005 119.009196

PSE0104R -22.901875 119.009184

PSE0105R -22.901076 119.009229

PSE0106R -22.900624 119.009194

PSE0107R -22.900125 119.009322

PSE0108R -22.899741 119.00921

P5 Pit PSE0001R -22.903754 119.041218

PSE0002R -22.904337 119.041267

PSE0003R -22.904676 119.041447

PSE0004R -22.906113 119.041263

PSE0005R -22.906524 119.041255

PSE0006R -22.906932 119.041236

PSE0007R -22.907256 119.041257

PSE0010R -22.899168 119.032521

PSE0014R -22.898802 119.029617

PSE0015R -22.899358 119.029645


Project Area

PSE0016R -22.899729 119.029698

PSE0017R -22.900197 119.029624

PSE0019R -22.905788 119.032562

PSE0025R -22.906923 119.035404

PSE0026R -22.906714 119.035415

PSE0028R -22.907516 119.035355

PSE0029R -22.908356 119.035459

PSE0030R -22.908761 119.035482

PSE0031R -22.906625 119.032603

PSE0032R -22.907056 119.032661

PSE0033R -22.906633 119.029597

PSE0036R -22.907364 119.032891

PSE0037R -22.906284 119.032487

PSE0039R -22.908468 119.027568

PSE0041R -22.90754 119.026685

PSE0043R -22.906473 119.023873

PSE0045R -22.906376 119.026644

PSE0046R -22.905491 119.026747

PSE0047R -22.904764 119.026807

PSE0048R -22.903614 119.015049

PSE0049R -22.902508 119.026562

PSE0050R -22.90108 119.023906

PSE0051R -22.900535 119.023851

PSE0052R -22.900142 119.023844

PSE0053R -22.901091 119.020897

PSE0055R -22.901876 119.020959

PSE0056R -22.90063 119.017874

PSE0057R -22.899927 119.020152

PSE0058R -22.900228 119.01792

PSE0059R -22.901419 119.017742

PSE0060R -22.900716 119.029654

PSE0061R -22.901243 119.029602

PSE0062R -22.90153 119.0296

PSE0063R -22.902047 119.029471

PSE0064R -22.902812 119.029539

PSE0065R -22.903758 119.029682

PSE0066R -22.904263 119.029583

PSE0067R -22.904771 119.029557

PSE0069R -22.899165 119.023702

PSE0074R -22.899302 119.01495

PSE0075R -22.899725 119.014985

PSE0076R -22.900218 119.014974

PSE0077R -22.900668 119.01504

PSE0078R -22.901093 119.015064

PSE0079R -22.901562 119.015025

PSE0080R -22.90204 119.014978

PSE0081R -22.902394 119.014983

PSE0082R -22.902919 119.015135

PSE0090R -22.901138 119.017907

PSE0100R -22.90188 119.016129

P6 Pit PSF0003R -22.896707 119.058821

PSF0004R -22.89744 119.058844

PSF0005R -22.897968 119.05887

PSF0006R -22.898438 119.058819

PSF0007R -22.898795 119.058822

PSF0008R -22.899345 119.058868

PSF0013R -22.896956 119.055966

PSF0019R -22.892082 119.049981

PSF0020R -22.892525 119.050175

PSF0021R -22.895667 119.053041

PSF0024R -22.89714 119.053063

PSF0026R -22.897978 119.052993

PSF0029R -22.897582 119.050078

PSF0035R -22.892976 119.04127

PSF0041R -22.895784 119.035451

PSF0042R -22.895277 119.035449

PSF0044R -22.894318 119.035528

PSF0045R -22.893865 119.035463

PSF0046R -22.893473 119.035466

PSF0048R -22.892563 119.035536

PSF0049R -22.892993 119.03839

PSF0050R -22.89346 119.038393

PSF0051R -22.893984 119.038322

PSF0056R -22.896184 119.038406

PSF0057R -22.897579 119.038488

PSF0058R -22.899405 119.038326



41


Project Area

PSF0061R -22.894465 119.044368

PSF0062R -22.894797 119.047174

PSF0065R -22.897487 119.041341

PSF0066R -22.897965 119.041367

PSF0067R -22.898447 119.041294

PSF0068R -22.898884 119.041313

PSF0069R -22.899293 119.041292

PSF0076R -22.897449 119.044231

PSF0077R -22.896974 119.044253

PSF0078R -22.89845 119.043971

PSF0079R -22.89894 119.044035

PSF0086R -22.896911 119.067745

PSF0087R -22.897346 119.067759

PSF0089R -22.898246 119.067809

PSF0090R -22.898696 119.067798

PSF0091R -22.899155 119.067816

PSF0092R -22.895121 119.06624

PSF0094R -22.896002 119.066439

PSF0095R -22.896429 119.066257

PSF0099R -22.898355 119.066284

PSF0101R -22.89921 119.066316

PSF0102R -22.89961 119.066363

PSF0104R -22.895958 119.064762

PSF0105R -22.896466 119.064912

PSF0106R -22.89705 119.064913

PSF0107R -22.897369 119.064875

PSF0108R -22.897785 119.064868

PSF0109R -22.898223 119.064896

PSF0110R -22.898657 119.064877

PSF0111R -22.899187 119.064772

PSF0117R -22.897856 119.063351

PSF0118R -22.898292 119.063328

PSF0119R -22.898755 119.063356

PSF0130R -22.899237 119.060451

PSF0131R -22.898809 119.060479

PSF0132R -22.898419 119.060504

PSF0133R -22.897967 119.060456

PSF0135R -22.897051 119.060433

PSF0136R -22.896587 119.060424

PSF0138R -22.89568 119.060399

PSF0171R -22.895468 119.051694

PSF0173R -22.895264 119.050103

PSF0174R -22.894837 119.050055

PSF0186R -22.897231 119.045839

PSF0187R -22.897728 119.045811

PSF0188R -22.895373 119.048743

PSF0196R -22.893484 119.05005

PSF0201R -22.89525 119.052999

PSF0203R -22.893485 119.051644

PSF0211R -22.893172 119.042862

PSF0213R -22.894507 119.043054

PSF0215R -22.89262 119.043901

PSF0218R -22.894357 119.041684

PSF0222R -22.89359 119.039823

PSF0223R -22.894359 119.039943

PSF0224R -22.894601 119.039931

PSF0226R -22.892541 119.038326

PSF0227R -22.892123 119.038418


Reference Area

GA1376R -22.931712 119.052954

GA1377R -22.933502 119.052968

GA1378R -22.93533 119.053038

GA1379R -22.935522 119.064717

GA1381R -22.936043 119.05886

GA1382R -22.933721 119.064664

GA1605R -22.935492 119.03606

GA1606R -22.935528 119.035259

GA1609R -22.926908 119.049188

GA1610R -22.925997 119.054911

GA1611R -22.926246 119.064346

GB0092R -22.950235 119.047273

GB0093R -22.950718 119.047294

GB0094R -22.951165 119.047277


Reference Area

GB0182R -22.951177 119.035513

GB0184R -22.952055 119.035501

GB0185R -22.952526 119.035498

GB0198R -22.945312 119.041326

GB0215R -22.955139 119.041275

GB0216R -22.954758 119.041249

GB0222R -22.951182 119.041258

GB0223R -22.951635 119.041273

GB0226R -22.952951 119.041287

GB0228R -22.951607 119.047284

GB0401R -22.954237 119.050526

GB0404R -22.953675 119.047028

GB0545R -22.950282 119.009541

GB0813R -22.94178 119.02373

GBP563 -22.913115 118.916958

GBRS0140 -22.91779325 119.0669732

GBRS0142 -22.92109772 119.0666837

GBRS0152 -22.91545841 119.0443873

GBRS0181 -22.929379 118.861481

GBRS0185 -22.92961111 118.8417778

GBRS0187 -22.93119444 118.83125

GBRS0188 -22.91983333 118.8294722

GBRS0189 -22.91911111 118.8285556

GBRS0191 -22.92011111 118.8406667

GBRS0193 -22.92010833 118.8614361

GBRS0194 -22.91954444 118.8609306

GF0310R -22.942901 118.890045

GF0324R -22.940658 118.88863

GF0458R -22.942409 118.834113

GF0459R -22.941493 118.834107

GF0508R -22.945558 118.828744

GF0553R -22.95405 118.828739

GF0631R -22.931415 118.828845

GF0634R -22.931411 118.829367

GR0111R -22.957138 119.01522

GRS015 -22.96015 119.048151

PDT0003R -22.920696 119.035296

PSA0080R -22.927437 118.821978

PSA0081R -22.926995 118.821931

PSA0082R -22.9265 118.821985

PSA0523R -22.922887 118.822028

PSA0533R -22.921238 118.858257

PSA0552R -22.92078 118.861342

PSA0553R -22.921112 118.861334

PSA0556R -22.919349 118.829297

PSA0557R -22.918438 118.829296

PSA0558R -22.918944 118.829255

PSA0559R -22.92614 118.821962

PSA0560R -22.925695 118.821939

PSA0561R -22.925241 118.821971

PSA0577R -22.916267 118.879024

PSA0580R -22.914051 118.881954

PSA0586R -22.91423 118.886334

PSA0801R -22.908195 118.902408

PSA0802R -22.91148 118.892385

PSA0803R -22.912789 118.892177

PSA0804R -22.910414 118.895075

PSA0805R -22.90962 118.896623

PSA0806R -22.90831 118.900531

PSA0807R -22.914499 118.878983

PSA0808R -22.913154 118.88629

PSA0809R -22.911817 118.889304

PSA0810R -22.909912 118.890709

PSA0957R -22.916756 118.876075

PSA0970R -22.916298 118.877542

PSA1142R -22.915832 118.882389

PSA1143R -22.915386 118.882389

PSA1156R -22.916752 118.876575

PSA1162R -22.916748 118.877049

PSA1290R -22.914494 118.886818

PSA1322R -22.916296 118.878041

PSA1421R -22.915845 118.881436

PSA1444R -22.915476 118.882886

PSA1455R -22.915863 118.88091

PSB0050R -22.901878 118.941434

PSB0134R -22.906846 118.924877



42


Reference Area

PSB0137R -22.906718 118.929154

PSB0138R -22.905024 118.937172

PSB0142R -22.904939 118.938353

PSB0143R -22.906315 118.938266

PSB0144R -22.913158 118.916356

PSB0145R -22.912187 118.916235

PSB0165R -22.912425 118.915178

PSB0188R -22.911497 118.916358

PSB0251R -22.907345 118.92268

PSB0252R -22.907368 118.920106

PSB0253R -22.906831 118.917815

PSB0254R -22.902878 118.927024

PSB0255R -22.903345 118.934004

PSB0500R -22.905611 118.91693

PSB0501R -22.90618 118.91507

PSB0502R -22.906463 118.919041

PSB0503R -22.90488 118.918996

PSB0504R -22.904886 118.91835

PSB0505R -22.903964 118.918967

PSB0506R -22.905689 118.921357

PSB0507R -22.905249 118.923662

PSB0508R -22.905083 118.924878

PSB0509R -22.902173 118.92684

PSB0510R -22.907345 118.9281

PSB0512R -22.905286 118.930461

PSB0519R -22.904775 118.932148

PSC0835R -22.899716 118.953791

PSC0839R -22.899701 118.955306

PSC0854RE -22.90064 118.964252

PSC0865R -22.899729 118.968556

PSC0866R -22.899677 118.968531

PSC0872R -22.899686 118.962823

PSC0879R -22.900049 118.965874

PSC0880RE -22.899843 118.967415

PSC0882R -22.89999 118.962806

PSC0886R -22.89929 118.961399

PSC0888R -22.899926 118.963905

PSC0889R -22.898856 118.965943

PSC0890R -22.898375 118.965934

PSC0893R -22.899576 118.96746

PSC0914R -22.900706 118.968625

PSC0920R -22.900113 118.953809

PSC0923R -22.900079 118.968544

PSD0012R -22.900595 118.991656

PSD0013R -22.90013 118.991652

PSD0014R -22.899767 118.991628

PSD0128R -22.900201 118.990155

PSD0129R -22.899279 118.990078

PSD0130R -22.898832 118.990057

PSD0131R -22.898441 118.990055

PSD0132R -22.897921 118.990127

PSD0133R -22.900232 118.993051

PSD0134R -22.899758 118.993065

PSD0135R -22.899206 118.99157

PSD0139R -22.901116 118.99467

PSD0144R -22.901516 118.996017

PSD0149R -22.901008 118.992993


Reference Area

PSD0250R -22.900705 118.992535

PSD0251R -22.900128 119.005598

PSD0252R -22.899328 119.006251

PSD1225R -22.899369 119.002627

PSD1226R -22.899108 119.002163

PSD1227R -22.899746 119.005742

PSD1228R -22.899799 119.005363

PSD1229R -22.8992 119.00524

PSD1230R -22.899054 119.005658

PSD1231R -22.897495 119.006315

PSD1232R -22.896505 119.001771

PSD1241R -22.900205 119.006785

PSD1242R -22.899685 119.006835

PSE0020R -22.90022 119.035512

PSE0238R -22.897646 119.007451

PSE0242R -22.899752 119.00727

PSF0684R -22.917534 119.057394

SF0263R -22.972385 118.8065

SF0264R -22.973311 118.80652

SF0265R -22.974619 118.8065

SF0287R -22.97718 118.81826

SF0350R -22.979814 118.829984

SF0351R -22.978922 118.829982

SF0352R -22.978004 118.83004

SF0353R -22.97712 118.830042

SF0354R -22.976197 118.830022

SF0355R -22.975322 118.830005

SF0359R -22.981825 118.841731

SF0361R -22.980917 118.841703

SF0363R -22.979611 118.841707

SF0365R -22.97699 118.841667

SF0394R -22.982288 118.847619

SF0396R -22.981389 118.847624

SF0398R -22.97828 118.847526

SF0435R -22.98068 118.835883

SF0438R -22.979316 118.835833

SF0441R -22.976462 118.835839

SF0442R -22.975259 118.835783

SF0443R -22.973892 118.835828

SF0515R -22.976793 118.812375

SF0527R -22.974415 118.829965

SF0528R -22.977342 118.84756

SF0529R -22.977787 118.847536

SF0530R -22.979194 118.847591

SF0531R -22.978732 118.847565

SF1385R -22.981805 118.850598

SF1419R -22.983577 118.856327

SF1460R -22.985294 118.862286

SF1462R -22.984343 118.862231

SF3676R -22.983153 118.856377

SF3677R -22.982681 118.856378

SF4034R -22.963188 118.978102



43

Appendix 4 - Troglofauna Records from the Project Area and the Reference Area Drill Hole

Code Visit Date Sample Taxa

No. of

Specimens

BP013 25/07/2008 Scrape nr Encoptarthria sp. B01 1

Trap Deep Sciaridae sp. B01 1

GA0068R 8/12/2007 Scrape Palpigradi sp. B01 2

GA0184R 7/12/2007 Net Draculoides sp. 1

GA0272R 7/12/2007 Scrape Dodecastyla crypta 1

Meenoplidae sp. 8

Meenoplidae sp. B02 (=Meenoplidae sp. S01) 6

11/03/2008 Scrape Dodecastyla crypta 2

Nocticola `BLA001` 1

GA0302R 8/12/2007 Scrape Lophoproctidae sp. 1

Palpigradi sp. B01 2

GA1376R 6/03/2015 Trap Lophoturus madecassus 1

GA1378R 6/03/2015 Trap Deep Nocticola sp. 1

Sciaridae sp. B01 14

GA1606R 6/03/2015 Trap Deep Coleoptera sp. 1

GA1609R 6/03/2015 Scrape Palpigradi sp. 1

GA1610R 6/03/2015 Trap Lophoturus madecassus 1

GB0019R 17/03/2008 Scrape Atelurinae sp. B04 1

5/03/2010 Net Blattidae sp. 1

GB0020R 25/07/2008 Scrape Zuphiini sp. 1

GB0076R 18/03/2008 Trap Nocticola sp. 1

25/07/2008 Scrape Atelurinae sp. 1

GB0078R 29/03/2011 Scrape Blattidae sp. 1

Meenoplidae sp. 1

GB0080R 29/03/2011 Trap Blattidae sp. 1

GB0082R 29/03/2011 Trap Deep Draculoides sp. 1

Trap

Shallow

Draculoides sp. B47

1

GB0086R 29/03/2011 Trap Draculoides sp. B47 1

GB0092R 6/03/2015 Trap Blattidae sp. B06 1

Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. B02 (=Curculionidae sp. S02) 1

GB0094R 29/03/2011 Scrape Pselaphinae sp. B01 1

6/03/2015 Trap Lophoturus madecassus 1

GB0106R 7/03/2015 Scrape Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. B02 (=Curculionidae sp. S02) 2

Meenoplidae sp. 2

Nocticola sp. 2

Trap Draculoides sp. 2

GB0107R 7/03/2015 Trap Deep Lophoturus madecassus 1

GB0108R 7/03/2015 Scrape Blattidae sp. B06 1



Indohya sp. 1

Tyrannochthonius `PSE066` 1

6/03/2015 Scrape Tyrannochthonius `PSE066` 1

Trap Lophoturus madecassus 1


Trap Nocticola sp. 1

GB0165RE 7/03/2015 Scrape Blattidae sp. B06 1

Trap Blattidae sp. B06 1

GB0167RE 30/03/2011 Trap Armadillidae sp. B07 3

GB0170R 30/03/2011 Scrape Nocticola sp. 1

Trap

Shallow

Nicoletiidae sp.

1

GB0177R 30/03/2011 Scrape Bembidiinae sp. B08 3

Japygidae `DPL002` 2

Lophoturus madecassus 11

Pselaphinae sp. B01 3

Trap Deep Lophoturus madecassus 10




44

Drill Hole


No. of

Specimens

Shallow

GB0178R 30/03/2011 Scrape Meenoplidae sp. 2


GB0193R 7/03/2015 Trap Deep Blattidae sp. B06 1

GB0196R 30/03/2011 Trap Draculoides sp. 1

GB0202R 7/03/2015 Trap Sciaridae sp. B01 1

GB0208R 30/03/2011 Scrape Palpigradi sp. B01 1

GB0209R 30/03/2011 Trap Deep Lophoturus madecassus 5


Chthoniidae sp. 1

Indohya `PSE005` 1

Trap

Shallow

Sciaridae sp.

1

GB0216R 29/03/2011 Scrape Meenoplidae sp. 1


GB0228R 29/03/2011 Scrape Nocticola `BLA003` 2

Trap Deep Armadillidae sp. B07 1

GB0232R 30/03/2011 Scrape Draculoides sp. 1

GB0236R 30/03/2011 Scrape Draculoides sp. B47 1

GB0240R 30/03/2011 Scrape Blattidae sp. 1

Trap Sciaridae sp. B01 1


Draculoides sp. B47 3

7/03/2015 Trap Draculoides sp. 1

GB0401R 6/03/2015 Trap Lophoturus madecassus 1

GB0404R 6/03/2015 Trap Deep Blattidae sp. B06 1

Trap

Shallow

Blattidae sp. B06

1

GB0504R 7/03/2015 Trap Draculoides sp. 1

GB0505R 7/03/2015 Trap

Shallow

Sciaridae sp. B01

8



Trap Blattidae sp. B06 1


Trap Draculoides sp. B47 1

GB0621R 6/03/2015 Trap Blattidae sp. B06 1

GBP518 26/02/2009 Trap Draculoides `SCH012` 1

Lagynochthonius sp. S03 1

GBP528 11/04/2010 Scrape Hemiptera sp. B02 (=Fulgoridae sp. S01) 1

GBP533 24/06/2010 Scrape Draculoides `SCH012` 2

GBP546 11/04/2010 Scrape Pauropodidae sp. B14 1

GBP549 30/07/2009 Scrape Linyphiidae sp. B03 (=Araneae sp. S05) 1

11/04/2010 Scrape Linyphiidae sp. B03 (=Araneae sp. S05) 2


GBP550 12/04/2010 Scrape Nocticola sp. 1

23/06/2010 Scrape Nocticola sp. 1

GBP552 23/06/2010 Scrape Meenoplidae sp. 3

GBP553 12/04/2010 Scrape Draculoides `SCH012` 1

23/06/2010 Scrape Meenoplidae sp. 4


Meenoplidae sp. 2



Opiliones sp. B02 1

23/06/2010 Scrape Dampetrus sp. B01 (nr isolatus) 1

GBP563 26/02/2009 Scrape Lophoproctidae sp. 2

GBR0003 21/02/2010 Net Meenoplidae sp. 1

GBRS0001 7/11/2013 Scrape Dodecastyla crypta 1

Troglarmadillo sp. B44 5




45

Drill Hole


No. of

Specimens

Hemiptera sp. 1


Trap Dodecastyla crypta 1



GBRS0181 26/02/2009 Scrape Meenoplidae sp. 9


GBRS0187 26/02/2009 Scrape Lophoproctidae sp. 1

GBRS0193 6/06/2009 Scrape Meenoplidae sp. 1


GBRS0196 25/02/2009 Trap Dodecastyla crypta 1

GC0108R 13/01/2008 Scrape Dampetrus sp. B01 (nr isolatus) 1

Dodecastyla crypta 1

Trap Opiliones sp. 1

GC0112R 14/01/2008 Scrape Dampetrus sp. B01 (nr isolatus) 1

GD0016R 12/01/2008 Scrape Troglarmadillo sp. B03 1

GD0053R 11/01/2008 Scrape ?Theridiidae sp. B01 1

Thysanura sp. 1

Zuphiini sp. 1

Trap Nocticola `BLA001` 1

Zuphiini sp. 1

12/03/2008 Trap Nocticola sp. 1

GD0080R 13/03/2008 Scrape nr Encoptarthria sp. B01 1

GDR0034 13/03/2008 Scrape Nocticola `BLA001` 1

GE1126R 13/03/2008 Trap Japygidae `DPL002` 1

GE1142R 10/01/2008 Scrape Dodecastyla crypta 1

GE1170R 10/01/2008 Trap Deep Draculoides sp. 1

GF0130R 5/12/2007 Scrape Meenoplidae sp. 2

Trap Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. B02 (=Curculionidae sp. S02) 3

Draculoides sp. 1

Tyrannochthonius sp. 1

GF0166R 6/12/2007 Scrape Blattidae sp. 1

5/02/2008 Scrape Blattidae sp. 3


GF0310R 5/12/2007 Trap Tyrannochthonius `PSE055` 1


Trap

Shallow

Blattidae sp.

1

GF0321R 5/12/2007 Scrape Lagynochthonius `PSE039` 1

GF0389R 5/12/2007 Trap Draculoides `SCH023` 1


GF0406R 4/12/2007 Scrape Palpigradi sp. B01 1

GF0415R 5/02/2008 Scrape Draculoides sp. 1

GF0421R 5/12/2007 Scrape Meenoplidae sp. 1

Trap Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. B02 (=Curculionidae sp. S02) 1

GFR0002 5/12/2007 Trap Deep Lophoturus madecassus 1




GFR0010 5/12/2007 Trap Troglarmadillo sp. B03 3

5/02/2008 Scrape Palpigradi sp. B01 1

Zuphiini sp. B03 1

GR0005R 20/02/2010 Net Meenoplidae sp. 10

Pauropodidae sp. B04 1

GR0006R 20/02/2010 Net Meenoplidae sp. B02 (=Meenoplidae sp. S01) 100

GR0014R 10/04/2008 Scrape Draculoides `SCH018` 2


7/08/2008 Scrape Nocticola `cockingi` ms 1

20/02/2010 Net Nocticola `cockingi` ms 14

25/05/2010 Net Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. 1

GR0018R 11/04/2008 Scrape Draculoides sp. 1



46

Drill Hole


No. of

Specimens

GR0023R 8/08/2008 Scrape Lophoturus madecassus 1


8/08/2008 Scrape Draculoides sp. 1

GR0038R 7/08/2008 Trap Sciaridae sp. B01 5

GR0040R 21/02/2010 Net Nocticola sp. 1


GR0082R 7/08/2008 Trap Deep Zuphiini sp. 1

GR0083R 21/02/2010 Net Dodecastyla crypta 2



GR0084R 7/08/2008 Scrape Pauropodidae sp. B01 (Decapauropus ?tenuis) 1

21/02/2010 Net Cryptops sp. B15 1

GR0087R 8/08/2008 Scrape Atelurinae sp. 1

Trap Draculoides `SCH018` 1


Nocticola sp. 2


GR0101R 10/04/2008 Scrape Nocticola `cockingi` ms 1

8/08/2008 Scrape Nocticola `cockingi` ms 1


GR0111R 7/03/2015 Trap Deep Draculoides `SCH023` 1


Trap

Shallow

Lophoturus madecassus

3

GRR067 20/02/2010 Net Lophoturus madecassus 1

Nocticola `cockingi` ms 4


25/05/2010 Net Anapistula sp. B02 1

Hanseniella sp. B07 1

Hemiptera sp. B02 (=Fulgoridae sp. S01) 2

GRS015 7/08/2008 Scrape Nocticola sp. 1


Trigoniulidae sp. 1

PSA0081R 17/02/2014 Trap Nocticola sp. 1

PSA0082R 17/02/2014 Scrape Tyrannochthonius `PSE066` 1

PSA0532R 7/11/2013 Scrape Meenoplidae sp. 1

Nocticola sp. 1

PSA0550R 17/02/2014 Scrape Nocticola sp. 1

Trinemura sp. 1

Trap

Shallow

Nocticola sp.

4

PSA0552R 18/02/2014 Trap Meenoplidae sp. 1

PSA0558R 17/02/2014 Trap Dodecastyla crypta 1



PSA0802R 6/06/2012 Scrape Draculoides `SCH012` 1


Ptinella sp. B01 45

PSA0803R 9/11/2013 Scrape Nocticola sp. 8

PSA0804R 18/02/2014 Trap Lophoturus madecassus 1

Sciaridae sp. B01 3

PSA0805R 9/11/2013 Scrape Meenoplidae sp. 1

PSA0806R 6/06/2012 Trap Nocticola sp. 2




PSA0809R 6/08/2012 Scrape Lagynochthonius sp. B19 1


PSA0810R 7/11/2013 Scrape Draculoides `SCH012` 1

Linyphiidae sp. B03 (=Araneae sp. S05) 9




47

Drill Hole


No. of

Specimens


Linyphiidae sp. B03 (=Araneae sp. S05) 2

Nocticola sp. 3

Trinemura sp. 1

Trap Linyphiidae sp. B03 (=Araneae sp. S05) 1

PSA1162R 18/02/2014 Trap Troglarmadillo sp. B44 1

PSB0032R 9/11/2013 Scrape Meenoplidae sp. 1

20/02/2014 Trap Lophoturus madecassus 2

PSB0038R 20/02/2014 Trap Lophoturus madecassus 1

PSB0040R 19/02/2014 Trap Deep Linyphiidae sp. B03 (=Araneae sp. S05) 1

Pselaphinae sp. B01 1


20/02/2014 Scrape Blattidae sp. B06 1

Cormocephalus `CHI003` 1


PSB0049R 20/02/2014 Scrape Dodecastyla crypta 1

PSB0053R 20/02/2014 Scrape Linyphiidae sp. B03 (=Araneae sp. S05) 1


PSB0058R 20/02/2014 Trap Draculoides `SCH013` 1

Nocticola sp. 1

PSB0063R 9/11/2013 Scrape Linyphiidae sp. B03 (=Araneae sp. S05) 1

PSB0080R 19/02/2014 Scrape Blattidae sp. 1

Trap

Shallow

Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. B02 (=Curculionidae sp. S02)

1

PSB0093R 19/02/2014 Trap Deep Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. B02 (=Curculionidae sp. S02) 1

Parajapygidae sp. B27 1

Trap

Shallow

Sciaridae sp. B01

1

PSB0104R 19/02/2014 Trap Pselaphinae sp. B01 2

PSB0106R 20/02/2014 Scrape Symphyella sp. 1

PSB0107R 9/11/2013 Scrape Typhlozuphium longipenne 1



PSB0108R 9/11/2013 Scrape Hemiptera sp. B02 (=Fulgoridae sp. S01) 1

Nocticola sp. 1


Trap Deep Nocticola sp. 1

Trap

Shallow

Japygidae sp.

1

PSB0110R 9/11/2013 Scrape Nocticola sp. 2




Cryptops sp. B39 1

Lagynochthonius sp. 1


Prethopalpus sp. 1


Nocticola sp. 1


Draculoides `SCH012` 1





PSB0120R 19/02/2014 Trap Draculoides sp. 1

PSB0122R 19/02/2014 Trap Blattidae sp. 2


PSB0123R 19/02/2014 Trap Nocticola sp. 1





48

Drill Hole


No. of

Specimens

Lagynochthonius `PSE046` 1


Nocticola sp. 2

18/02/2014 Scrape Gnaphosidae sp. B01 1

Trap Deep Draculoides `SCH012` 2


Trap

Shallow


1

PSB0134R 8/11/2013 Scrape Hemiptera sp. B02 (=Fulgoridae sp. S01) 3

19/02/2014 Scrape Lagynochthonius sp. S03 2



Cryptops sp. B07 (=Scolopendrida sp. S02) 2

Nocticola sp. 3


Trap Lagynochthonius `PSE046` 1


PSB0141R 9/11/2013 Scrape Blattidae sp. B06 1

PSB0142R 19/02/2014 Trap

Shallow

Sciaridae sp. B01

8

PSB0145R 18/02/2014 Trap Coleoptera sp. B06 2


Trap Deep Nocticola sp. 1

PSB0157R 8/11/2013 Scrape Dodecastyla crypta 1

PSB0160R 9/11/2013 Scrape Draculoides `SCH012` 2


Nocticola sp. 1

19/02/2014 Trap Deep Draculoides `SCH012` 2

Trap

Shallow


1

Parajapygidae `DPL020` 1

PSB0162R 19/02/2014 Scrape Draculoides `SCH012` 1

Nocticola sp. 1




19/02/2014 Scrape Draculoides `SCH012` 1






18/02/2014 Scrape Lagynochthonius sp. S03 1







18/02/2014 Trap Deep Draculoides sp. 1


PSB0177R 8/11/2013 Scrape Lagynochthonius sp. S03 1

18/02/2014 Trap Draculoides `SCH012` 1

PSB0186R 8/11/2013 Scrape Cryptops sp. B15 1


PSB0253R 4/03/2015 Scrape Nocticola `BLA003` 3

PSB0501R 4/03/2015 Trap Nocticola sp. 1


PSB0504R 4/03/2015 Trap

Shallow

Lophoturus madecassus

1

PSB0507R 4/03/2015 Scrape Curculionidae sp. 1



49

Drill Hole


No. of

Specimens

PSC0034R 7/04/2010 Scrape Blattidae sp. 1

24/06/2010 Scrape Araneomorphae sp. 1


Meenoplidae sp. 1

PSC0112R 8/04/2010 Scrape Meenoplidae sp. B02 (=Meenoplidae sp. S01) 9

PSC0162R 13/12/2007 Trap Draculoides `SCH013` 1

11/04/2010 Scrape Hanseniella sp. B08 3

PSC0163R 11/04/2010 Scrape Hanseniella sp. B08 1

PSC0165R 26/02/2009 Scrape Nocticola sp. 2

5/06/2009 Scrape Prethopalpus sp. B18 (=?Araneae sp. S05) 3




Nocticola sp. 2


PSC0173R 11/04/2010 Scrape Meenoplidae sp. B02 (=Meenoplidae sp. S01) 9

Nocticola sp. 2

24/06/2010 Scrape Chthoniidae sp. 1






24/06/2010 Scrape Nocticola `BLA003` 11

PSC0840R 25/06/2010 Scrape Nocticola `BLA003` 1

PSC0868RE 8/04/2010 Scrape Pauropodidae sp. B12 1

Pauropodidae sp. B14 1

25/06/2010 Scrape Lophoturus madecassus 1

PSC0873R 7/04/2010 Trap Lophoturus madecassus 1


PSC0874R 7/04/2010 Scrape Dodecastyla crypta 4


Nocticola sp. 9

25/06/2010 Scrape Meenoplidae sp. B02 (=Meenoplidae sp. S01) 1

Nocticola sp. 1

PSC0877R 7/04/2010 Scrape Palpigradi sp. B01 1

PSC0878R 8/04/2010 Trap Deep Lophoturus madecassus 5

25/06/2010 Scrape Lophoturus madecassus 3


Trinemura sp. B09 2

Trap Deep Trinemura sp. B09 1

Trap

Shallow

Trinemura sp. B09

1

25/06/2010 Scrape Trinemura sp. B09 1


Draculoides sp. 1



Trap

Shallow

Blattidae sp.

1



PSC0888R 7/04/2010 Scrape Meenoplidae sp. 1

25/06/2010 Scrape Pauropodidae sp. B16 1


Nocticola sp. 1

25/06/2010 Scrape Nocticola `BLA003` 1

Typhlozuphium humicolum 1


25/06/2010 Scrape Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. B02 (=Curculionidae sp. S02) 2

PSC0891R 8/04/2010 Scrape Meenoplidae sp. 4



50

Drill Hole


No. of

Specimens

PSC0895R 24/06/2010 Scrape Blattidae sp. B06 2

PSC0899R 7/04/2010 Trap Japygidae sp. 1




PSC0939R 8/04/2010 Trap Deep Sciaridae sp. B01 27

Trap

Shallow

Sciaridae sp. B01

10


26/06/2010 Scrape Meenoplidae sp. B02 (=Meenoplidae sp. S01) 1

Nocticola sp. 1

PSD0003R 19/10/2008 Scrape Hemiptera sp. B02 (=Fulgoridae sp. S01) 3

PSD0004R 19/10/2008 Scrape Blattidae sp. 1


PSD0013R 11/04/2010 Scrape Blattidae sp. B06 1

PSD0014R 18/03/2008 Scrape Nocticola `BLA003` 2


PSD0096R 9/04/2010 Scrape Nocticola sp. 2


PSD0118R 10/04/2010 Scrape Dodecastyla crypta 2

Draculoides sp. 1

Meenoplidae sp. 1

27/06/2010 Scrape Typhlozuphium humicolum 1

PSD0120R 10/04/2010 Scrape Nocticola sp. 1

Palpigradi sp. B01 1


Trap

Shallow

Sciaridae sp. B01

60

PSD0121R 10/04/2010 Scrape Draculoides sp. 2

PSD0127R 10/04/2010 Scrape Draculoides `SCH013` 1


PSD0129R 10/04/2010 Scrape Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. B02 (=Curculionidae sp. S02) 1


27/06/2010 Scrape Prethopalpus sp. B18 (=?Araneae sp. S05) 2

PSD0130R 10/04/2010 Trap Sciaridae sp. B01 4

PSD0131R 10/04/2010 Scrape Tyrannochthonius `PSE050` 1

Trap

Shallow


1







Nocticola sp. 1

Prethopalpus sp. B18 (=?Araneae sp. S05) 1



Draculoides sp. 2

PSD0137R 10/04/2010 Trap Deep Sciaridae sp. B01 50

Trap

Shallow

Sciaridae sp. B01

20

27/06/2010 Scrape Prethopalpus pearsoni 1

PSD0138R 27/06/2010 Scrape Japygidae `DPL002` 1

Nocticola sp. 1


PSD0140R 11/04/2010 Trap Japygidae sp. 1


Prethopalpus pearsoni 1





51

Drill Hole


No. of

Specimens


Draculoides sp. 1


Draculoides sp. 1

Nocticola sp. 1





Draculoides sp. 4




Cormocephalus `CHI003` 1


Meenoplidae sp. 1

Nocticola sp. 1




Nocticola sp. 1

PSD0194R 9/04/2010 Scrape Lagynochthonius `PSE045` 2







26/06/2010 Scrape Lagynochthonius `PSE046` 1

PSD0250R 27/06/2010 Scrape Draculoides `SCH013` 1

PSD0251R 5/03/2015 Trap Nocticola sp. 1



PSD1225R 5/03/2015 Trap Deep Nocticola sp. 1

Trap

Shallow


1

PSD1228R 5/03/2015 Trap Sciaridae sp. B01 4

PSD1229R 5/03/2015 Trap Deep Nocticola sp. 1

PSD1231R 5/03/2015 Trap Japygidae `DPL011` 1

PSD1242R 5/03/2015 Trap Linyphiidae sp. 1

PSE0001R 15/10/2008 Scrape Hemiptera sp. B02 (=Fulgoridae sp. S01) 6

PSE0002R 11/04/2008 Scrape Draculoides `SCH013` 1



PSE0004R 11/04/2008 Scrape Meenoplidae sp. 1

PSE0007R 15/10/2008 Scrape Nocticola `BLA003` 1

Trap Pauropodidae sp. B01 (Decapauropus ?tenuis) 1

PSE0019R 22/04/2008 Net Atelurinae sp. B02 (=?Atelurodes sp. S02) 1

Cryptops sp. B07 (=Scolopendrida sp. S02) 1

14/10/2008 Net Lophoturus madecassus 1

PSE0026R 14/10/2008 Net Hemiptera sp. B02 (=Fulgoridae sp. S01) 3

PSE0028R 14/10/2008 Trap Blattidae sp. 4



PSE0029R 22/04/2008 Net Nocticola `BLA003` 1

PSE0031R 21/06/2008 Net Prethopalpus sp. (Araneae sp. S07) 1

PSE0036R 21/06/2008 Net Meenoplidae sp. B02 (=Meenoplidae sp. S01) 1

14/10/2008 Net Meenoplidae sp. B02 (=Meenoplidae sp. S01) 2






52

Drill Hole


No. of

Specimens

Pauropodidae sp. B01 (Decapauropus ?tenuis) 1

PSE0045R 13/10/2008 Net Eukoenenia sp. S01 2

PSE0047R 13/10/2008 Net Meenoplidae sp. 1


PSE0050R 17/10/2008 Scrape Blattidae sp. 3


PSE0051R 17/10/2008 Scrape Meenoplidae sp. 7


PSE0065R 11/04/2008 Scrape Lophoturus madecassus 1


PSE0066R 11/04/2008 Scrape Tyrannochthonius `PSE055` 1



PSE0101R 16/10/2008 Trap Cryptorhynchinae sp. S03 1



PSE0105R 9/04/2008 Scrape Eukoenenia sp. S01 1

PSE0106R 9/04/2008 Trap Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. B02 (=Curculionidae sp. S02) 1



PSE0242R 5/03/2015 Scrape Pelicinus sp. B02 1

PSF0004R 8/10/2008 Trap Blattidae sp. 2

10/12/2008 Scrape Lagynochthonius `PSE039` 1


PSF0006R 8/10/2008 Trap Atelurinae sp. B02 (=?Atelurodes sp. S02) 1

10/12/2008 Scrape Atelurinae sp. B02 (=?Atelurodes sp. S02) 4

PSF0008R 19/04/2008 Trap Tyrannochthonius `PSE055` 1

PSF0019R 19/04/2008 Scrape Typhlozuphium humicolum 2

PSF0020R 19/04/2008 Scrape Nocticola `BLA001` 1




PSF0043R 20/04/2008 Net Blattidae sp. 2

PSF0044R 20/04/2008 Trap Pauropodidae sp. B01 (Decapauropus ?tenuis) 1

PSF0046R 20/04/2008 Trap Draculoides `SCH013` 1

PSF0056R 11/12/2008 Scrape Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. B02 (=Curculionidae sp. S02) 1

PSF0061R 11/12/2008 Scrape Draculoides `SCH022` 2

PSF0065R 20/04/2008 Trap Nocticola `BLA001` 2

9/10/2008 Trap Nocticola `BLA001` 2

PSF0066R 10/12/2008 Scrape Meenoplidae sp. 2

PSF0067R 9/10/2008 Trap Parajapygidae sp. S03 1

PSF0068R 20/04/2008 Scrape Eukoenenia sp. S01 1


PSF0069R 10/12/2008 Scrape Japygidae `DPL002` 1


PSF0083R 11/10/2008 Net Blattidae sp. 1


Meenoplidae sp. 4

PSF0085R 21/04/2008 Net Nocticola `BLA003` 1

PSF0087R 19/04/2008 Scrape Atelurinae sp. B02 (=?Atelurodes sp. S02) 1


PSF0090R 18/04/2008 Scrape Indohya sp. S02 1

PSF0091R 10/12/2008 Scrape Indohya sp. S02 1


Blattidae sp. 1

8/10/2008 Trap Blattidae sp. 1

10/12/2008 Scrape Japygidae `DPL002` 1







53

Drill Hole


No. of

Specimens

PSF0105R 10/12/2008 Scrape Eukoenenia sp. S01 1



PSF0110R 8/10/2008 Trap Pauropodidae sp. B01 (Decapauropus ?tenuis) 1

PSF0113R 11/10/2008 Net Atelurinae sp. B02 (=?Atelurodes sp. S02) 2

PSF0114R 11/10/2008 Net Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. B02 (=Curculionidae sp. S02) 1



PSF0133R 19/04/2008 Scrape Atelurinae sp. B02 (=?Atelurodes sp. S02) 1








PSF0160R 12/10/2008 Net Japygidae `DPL002` 2



PSF0182R 21/04/2008 Net Draculoides sp. 1

11/10/2008 Net Nocticola `BLA003` 1


PSF0203R 19/04/2008 Scrape Draculoides `SCH022` 1




Meenoplidae sp. 1

11/12/2008 Scrape Atelurinae sp. B02 (=?Atelurodes sp. S02) 1

Blattidae sp. 4




RP011 10/04/2008 Scrape Nocticola `cockingi` ms 1


Prethopalpus sp. B06 1

8/08/2008 Trap Draculoides `SCH018` 2

RP034A 10/04/2008 Scrape Nocticola sp. 1

RP043 10/04/2008 Trap Lophoturus madecassus 1

RP055 25/05/2010 Net Draculoides sp. 2


Prethopalpus sp. 1

Trinemura sp. B02 (nr watsoni) 1

RP075 10/04/2008 Trap Draculoides sp. 1

RP081 10/04/2008 Scrape Nocticola sp. 1



Pauropodidae sp. B01 (Decapauropus ?tenuis) 5

Trap Lophoproctidae sp. 1

RP105 21/02/2010 Net Meenoplidae sp. 1

RP111 10/04/2008 Scrape Draculoides `SCH018` 1

Symphyella sp. B03 1

SF0287R 18/03/2010 Scrape Blattidae sp. 1

8/06/2012 Trap Deep Nocticola sp. 1

Trap

Shallow

Blattidae sp.

4


SF0350R 19/03/2010 Scrape Blattidae sp. B06 1




Meenoplidae sp. 2



54

Drill Hole


No. of

Specimens

SF0354R 19/03/2010 Scrape Meenoplidae sp. 1

Trap Blattidae sp. 1

SF0355R 19/03/2010 Scrape Blattidae sp. 1


SF0359R 19/03/2010 Scrape Lagynochthonius `PSE039` 1

SF0363R 19/03/2010 Scrape Prethopalpus sp. B24 1

Scutigerella sp. B03 1






Trap

Shallow

Blattidae sp.

1

SF0396R 15/06/2010 Scrape Dodecastyla crypta 1


SF0398R 10/06/2012 Scrape Atelurinae sp. 2

SF0435R 14/06/2010 Trap Blattidae sp. 1

Sciaridae sp. B01 3

SF0441R 19/03/2010 Scrape Lagynochthonius `PSE039` 1

SF0443R 19/03/2010 Trap Troglarmadillo sp. B13 1

8/03/2015 Trap Curculionidae Genus 1 sp. B02 (=Curculionidae sp. S02) 1

SF0527R 19/03/2010 Scrape Draculoides sp. B32 1

Trap Draculoides sp. B32 2

14/06/2010 Scrape Draculoides sp. B32 1



Trap Blattidae sp. 1

Nocticola sp. 1


SF0530R 8/08/2012 Scrape Nocticola sp. 1

SF0531R 10/06/2012 Scrape nr Claviger sp. B01 1

SF1419R 17/04/2012 Scrape Palpigradi sp. 1

SF1460R 17/04/2012 Scrape Atelurinae sp. 1


Linyphiidae sp. 1


Linyphiidae sp. 2

Nocticola sp. 1

8/08/2012 Scrape ?Gnaphosidae sp. B01 1

Linyphiidae sp. 2

Nocticola sp. 3

SF3676R 8/03/2015 Trap Draculoides `SCH023` 1

SF3677R 8/03/2015 Trap Blattidae sp. B06 1



55

Appendix 5 – Records of troglofauna (excluding widespread species, likely to be troglophiles) and other drill holes sampled for troglofauna

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