MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE FEDERAL ......Ethiopian Quality and Standards Authority, the...

FOREIGN TRADE PROMOTION

MANUAL

FOR

ETHIOPIAN DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS

MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE

FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF

ETHIOPIA

ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS AFFAIRS GENERAL-

DIRECTORATE

ADDIS ABABA NOVEMBER 2007

Trade Promotion Manual for Ethiopian Diplomatic Missions

FDRE Ministry of Foreign Affairs II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This manual would not have been possible without the cooperation and contributions of

various government and private organizations. These organizations, just to mention a few,

include the Ministry of Trade and Industry, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural

Development, the Ethiopian Customs Authority, the National Bank of Ethiopia, the

Ethiopian Quality and Standards Authority, the Ethiopian Sugar Production Support Center

Sh. Co., the Addis Ababa Chamber of Commerce, the various exporters associations (vis.,

the Ethiopian Coffee Exporters Association, the Ethiopian Meat Producers-Exporters

Association , the Ethiopian Horticulture Producers and Exporters Association, the

Ethiopian Leather Industries Association, Amibara Agricultural Development Enterprise,

the Ethiopian Pulses, Oilseeds and Spices Processors-Exporters Association and the

Ethiopian Textiles and Garment Producers Association. These organizations and many

individuals therein have contributed to the study by making available their publications,

reports prepared for internal use and, by responding to written specific requests; hence many

thanks go to them.


FDRE Ministry of Foreign Affairs III

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................ .II

List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................................VI

Executive Summary...................................................................................................................... VII

Introduction: Background and Objective............................................................................... ......9

1. Overview of Ethiopian Foreign Trade Structure and Prospects ........................................11

1.1 Foreign Trade Policy Environment ...................................................................................11

1.2 Foreign Trade Policy Targets and Strategies ....................................................................12

1.3 Export Performance ......................................................................................................12

1.4 Major Export Products .................................................................................................13

1.5 Import Structure and Major Import Products ..........................................................15

1.6 Direction of External Trade ................................................................................................15

1.6.1 Major Destinations of Ethiopian Exports ..................................................................15

1.6.2 Major Sources of Ethiopian Imports ............................................................................16

1.7 Trade Balance ..........................................................................................................................16

1.8 Export Potential/ Opportunities .........................................................................................17

1.9 Trade in Services .....................................................................................................................21

1.10 Market Access and Opportunities for Ethiopian Exports .............................................22

2. Domestic Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework relevant to Import-Export Trade

.......................................................................................................................................................24

2.1 Laws, Regulations, Procedures, National Tariff Structure ...............................................24

2.1.1 Export Regulation ............................................................................................................24

2.1.2 Export Procedures ...........................................................................................................24

2.1.3 Import Regulation ............................................................................................................26

2.2 Incentives Structure Related to Import-Export Trade .......................................................30

2.3 Mode of Payment .....................................................................................................................34

2.4 Mode of Transport, Access to the Sea and Transit Regulations .......................................36

2.5 Mode of Delivery ......................................................................................................................37

3. Provisions of Export Market Development Services ..............................................................39

3.1 Market Intelligence Services ..................................................................................................39

3.2 Export Market Research ........................................................................................................40

3.3 Export Promotion and Marketing Services .........................................................................42


FDRE Ministry of Foreign Affairs IV

3.3.1 Recruiting host country importers ...............................................................................42

3.3.2 Setting-up a Showroom .................................................................................................43

3.3.3 Exhibitions, Trade Fairs and Trade Shows ................................................................43

3.3.4 Export Promotion through Networks ........................................................................45

3. 4. Match Making ........................................................................................................................45

3.4.1 Provision of Information ..............................................................................................45

3.4.2 Incoming Trade Missions .............................................................................................46

3.4.3 Outgoing Trade Missions .............................................................................................47

4. Facilitating Priority Imports and Technology Transfer .........................................................48

4.1 Identification of Imports ........................................................................................................48

4.2 Supporting Buyer-Seller Negotiations ..................................................................................48

4.3 Acting as Procurement Center ...............................................................................................49

5. Bilateral, Regional and Multilateral Trade Negotiation Services ............................................51

5.1 Studying Options for Trade Relations ..................................................................................51

5.2 Bilateral Trade Negotiation Services .....................................................................................52

5.3 Regional and Multilateral Treaty Negotiations ....................................................................53

5.4 Trade Agreement Advisory Services .....................................................................................54

5.5 Soliciting Trade Related Technical Assistance and Capacity Building Support (TRTAS)

.....................................................................................................................................................55

6. Handling Trade Related Enquiries, Disputes and Complaints ...............................................56

6.1 Handling Trade Related Enquiries ........................................................................................56

6.1.1 General Enquiries ..............................................................................................................56

6.1.2 Specific Enquiries ..............................................................................................................56

6.2 Handling Trade Disputes and Complaints ..........................................................................56

Annex I: List and Brief Description of Major Ethiopian Export Products..............................58

Annex II: Address List of Major Ethiopian Export Product Exporters...................................72

Annex III: Mode of Payment and External Trade Related Financial Regulation ....................90

Annex IV: Outline for Product Market Research........................................................................101

Annex V: Trade Enquiry Form................................................................................................... ..103

Annex VIa: List of Freight Forwarders.........................................................................................104

Annex VIb: List of Freight Forwarders and Shipping Agents...................................................105

Annex VIc: List of Shipping Agents..............................................................................................105


FDRE Ministry of Foreign Affairs V

Annex VII: Address List of Ethiopian Institutions Related to External Trade......................106

Annex VIII: Ethiopian Export Performance by Commodity...................................................109

Annex IX: Trade Balance of Ethiopia with Major Trading Partners.......................................111

Annex X: Selected Ethiopian Export Items for the Year 2006.................................................111

Annex XI: Selected Ethiopian Import Items for the Year 2006...............................................120


FDRE Ministry of Foreign Affairs VI

List of Acronyms ACP African Caribbean and Pacific (Countries) ADLI Agricultural Development-led Industrialization AGOA American Growth and Opportunity Act BPR Business Process Re-engineering CAD Cash-Against-Document CIF Cost-Insurance-Freight Co. Company COMESA Common Market foe Eastern and Southern Africa DFQF Duty-Free-Quota-Free EBA Everything-But-Arms E. C. Ethiopian Calendar EPA Economic Partnership Agreement ETB Ethiopian Birr EU European Union EUR 1 Movement Certificate when exporting to the European Union markets FDI Foreign Direct Investment FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia FOB Free-on-Board FTA Free Trade Area GDP Gross Domestic Product GSP Generalized System of Preferences HS Harmonized System ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ID Identification Card ICC International Chamber of Commerce ICO International Customs Organization L/C Letter of Credit LDCs Least Developed Countries MDGs Millennium Development Goals MFN Most Favored nation MOTI Ministry of Trade and Industry NBE National Bank of Ethiopia ODA Official Development Assistance PO Purchase Order UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development SNNPR Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region TRTA Trade Related Technical Assistance UAE United Arab Emirates UK United Kingdom USA United States of America USD United States Dollar WTO World Trade Organization


FDRE Ministry of Foreign Affairs VII

Executive Summary Based on various pertinent policy documents of the country, the Ministry of Foreign

Affairs has prepared a five-year Strategic Plan and has conducted an extensive Business

Process Re-engineering (BPR) study on most of its core functions. The outcomes of the

Strategic Plan and the BPR study have clearly underscored the role and contribution of

economic diplomacy to the successful realization of the development goals of the country

and have thereby identified specific economic diplomacy activities that should be carried out

by the Headquarters and the Missions abroad.

Foreign trade promotion is one of the core functions of the Ministry that have

undergone a thorough re-engineering. The re-engineering activity stressed the need for an

"operational" manual that contains the guidelines for the provision of foreign trade

promotion services by the Ethiopian Diplomatic Missions abroad. Accordingly, this manual

contains the operational steps that Ethiopian Missions and the diplomats therein,

specifically, those that are assigned for the task of promoting and safeguarding Ethiopian

interests in export and import trade, could use in their day to day activities.

In addition, the manual provides an extensive coverage of the performance of the

foreign trade sector in Ethiopia. Extensive data has also been used with a view to backing up

facts with figures, with the understanding that the data would need to be updated as time

goes by. The manual also touches on the domestic legal and regulatory framework shaping

the sector. Accordingly, Chapter One deals with an overview of the structure and prospects

of Ethiopia's foreign trade relations. As such, the Chapter extensively covers issues such as

export performance, trade balance, major export and import items, major destinations of

exports and major sources of imports, export opportunities/potential, and market access

conditions and opportunities for Ethiopian export products. Chapter Two extensively covers

issues such as the laws, regulations and the tariff structure; the incentive structures related to

foreign trade; modes of payment, delivery and transport; and transit regulations.

Chapter Three elaborates the specific steps and guidelines that a Mission and/ or a

diplomat should follow in order to efficiently and effectively deliver export promotion

services. It describes the steps to be taken, for instance, in assessing export market

opportunities, market research, organizing showrooms, participating in trade fairs and so on.

Chapter Four deals with activities and services related to facilitating priority imports and


FDRE Ministry of Foreign Affairs VIII

technology transfer. It also covers issues related to acting as a procurement center for

Ethiopian imports. Chapter Five, contains the guidelines to be followed by Missions and

diplomats in their role as participants and facilitators of trade negotiations. More specifically,

the Chapter consists the steps and guidelines that focus on bilateral, regional and multi-

lateral trade negotiations. The last chapter in the main body, Chapter Six briefly describes the

tasks related to handling trade related disputes and complaints.

The manual also contains a substantial material in the form of eleven annexes. Annex I

contains the list and description of the major Ethiopian export products. The description of

the products consists of their HS (Harmonized System) codes, description, uses,

specification, production location and the major export destinations of the products. The

full addresses of the major exporters of Ethiopian export products is compiled in Annex II.

Annex III contains Mode of payment and External Trade Related Financial Regulations.

Annex IV provides a template or a brief outline for product market research. Annex VII

embodies trade enquiry form. Annex VI a-c depict, respectively, list of freight forwarders,

list of freight forwarders and shipping agents and list of shipping agents where as Annex VII

contains the full addresses of those Ethiopian institutions that are directly or indirectly

connected with foreign trade. Annex VIII depicts Ethiopian Export Performance by

Commodity. Annex IX contains Trade Balance of Ethiopia with Major Trading Partners.

The last two annexes (Annex X and XI) contain data for the year 2006 on the major export

and import items of the country (with description of the items, destination or origin, FOB

value in Birr in the case of exports and CIF value in the case of imports).

It is believed that the manual could serve as a good tool in the day to day operation

of the Ethiopian diplomats entrusted with the task of promoting foreign trade of the

country.


FDRE Ministry of Foreign Affairs 9

Introduction: Background and Objective

The Foreign Affairs and National Security Policy and Strategy document which is

currently under implementation was formulated and issued by the Government of the

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia in 2002. This document opened a new avenue and

chapter for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Diplomatic Missions of Ethiopia in terms

of clearly defining the role and policy direction that the Ministry and the Missions should

pursue in the field of economic diplomacy. The said document articulated the goals,

strategies and priorities of the economic diplomacy efforts of the country. Based on this and

other pertinent policy documents of the country, the Ministry has prepared a five-year

Strategic Plan and has conducted an extensive Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) study

on most of its core functions.

The outcomes of the Strategic Plan and the BPR study have clearly underscored the

role and contribution of economic diplomacy to the successful realization of the

development goals of the country and have thereby identified specific economic diplomacy

activities that should be carried out by the Headquarters and the Missions abroad.

One of the core functions of the Ministry and the Ethiopian Missions that have

undergone re-engineering are trade and tourism promotion services. Accordingly, the BPR

study thoroughly assessed the weaknesses and strengths of the trade promotion services that

had hitherto been provided by the Ministry and the Missions, made recommendations and

re-designed new services and processes. One of the findings of the study is the need for an

"operational" manual that contains the guidelines for the provision of the newly identified

and re-designed trade promotion services by the Ethiopian Diplomatic Missions abroad. The

approval of that recommendation has, thus, given birth to the idea of preparing this manual.

Accordingly, this manual is prepared with the main objective of providing Ethiopian

Diplomatic Missions, and the diplomats therein, a compact and practical set of guidelines

that can be followed in the day to day trade promotion activities. While the main focus of

the manual is on providing the basic tools of conducting trade promotion activities, it

nevertheless covers the general foreign trade context in which the promotion services are to

be provided. As such, the whole of Chapter One and Chapter Two of the manual are

dedicated to providing the general picture of Ethiopia's foreign trade relations. Chapters 3 to

5 present concise guidelines for providing trade promotion services. More information



related to the major Ethiopian export products and their respective major exporters, foreign

trade statistics, various regulations and procedures related to foreign trade, etc. is provided in

the appendices (Annex I-XI). Last but not least, as time and space limitations make it

difficult to address every aspect of the promotion services in this manual, users are strongly

advised to consult the relevant BPR study documents as and when the need for more

information regarding a specific service process or activity arises.



Chapter One: Overview of Ethiopian Foreign Trade

Structure and Prospects

1.1. Foreign Trade Policy Environment

Needless to say, Ethiopia is one of the Least Developed Countries in the world. Its

economy is based on agriculture. As such, the sector contributes about 45% to the GDP,

85% to employment, 85% to export, supplies raw materials to the manufacturing sector and

food to the urban population. In recognition of this multi-dimensional role of agriculture in

the economy, the Government of Ethiopia has set Agriculture Development Led

Industrialization (ADLI) as a long-term national development strategy. The strategy

envisages that realization of agricultural development will fuel and ultimately bring about a

fundamental transformation of the entire economy.

In line with the basic tenets of ADLI, the country has enacted an industrial

development strategy that aims at attaining the international competitiveness of the sector,

in view of the competitive global environment. Other sectoral strategies in such areas as

road, education, capacity building, health and so forth have in them the lofty objective of

enhancing the productive and supply capacity as well as that of human and institutional

capacity of the country. The stable macroeconomic environment together with the free-

market economic system has enabled the private economic agents to make economic

decisions in the hitherto unprecedented scale.

These and similar other measures in a range of areas, coupled with the stable political

environment have yielded an encouraging economic dividends. As such, the national

economy has shown double digit growth rates in the several most recent years. In

maintaining such a high level of economic growth, the country envisages not only to attain

the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) at the target date but also to propel itself into

the middle income category in the not-too-distant future.

It can thus be said that the aforementioned favorable policy environment,

accompanied by concerted actions, no doubt, would lay a strong foundation for the export

sector to flourish now and in the years to come.



1.2 Foreign Trade Policy Targets and Strategies

Generally speaking, Ethiopia's foreign trade policy has three general objectives: (1)

developing and ensuring broad international market for the country's agricultural products

in particular; (2) generating sufficient foreign exchange which is essential for importing

capital goods, intermediate inputs and other goods and services that are necessary for the

growth and development of the economy; and (3) improving the efficiency and international

competitiveness of domestic producers through participation in the international market.

The export promotion strategy of Ethiopia is upheld by three main pillars: (1) focusing

on limited number of priority exportable products; (2) focusing on providing an all-round

support to exporters; and (3) executing export promotion activities in a well organized

manner. (Since the export promotion activities of Ethiopia's Diplomatic Missions form part

and parcel of the overall national efforts, these three pillars should also form the basis on

which the export promotion services provided by the Missions are to be founded.) While the

first pillar implies that the focus of the country's (and hence the Missions') export promotion

activities are to be selected exportable agricultural products in the medium term, this does

not mean that other (non-priority) products are to be discouraged or ignored.

1.3 Export Performance

The Government of Ethiopia has been exerting at most effort to bolster the export

sector. This has not only resulted in sustained and remarkable growth in the export sector

but also has paid off in terms of diversifying the narrow range of export products through

new investments in export sectors such as floriculture and textile. The multi-dimensional

supportive interventions of the Government under the umbrella strategy of ADLI have led

to encouraging results in most key export product categories; in particular, in products such

as pulses and oil seeds. The growth trend in the export sector is expected to continue at the

current or at an improved rate in the near future.

In order to show the performance of the export sector during the past few years

more clearly, attempt has been made to present data related to the past 10 years in Table 1

below based on the raw data obtained from the Ethiopian Customs Authority1. This is

1 The Economic and Business Affairs General-Directorate managed to obtain raw data on Ethiopia's

exports and imports for the ten years period from 1997-2006, which it has deposited in its data base. The



complemented by the 6 years' data presented in Annex VIII. From the data it is abundantly

clear that the performance of the export sector of Ethiopia has indeed been remarkable in

the past few years. As such, the total value of exports has increased from ETB 3.9 billion in

1997 to ETB 8.9 billion in 2006 which is a two and half fold growth. As Annex VIII clearly

shows, in the period between 1994 - 1999 E.C., export earnings grew on average by 22%

with the earnings rising from USD 436 million in 1994 E. C. to USD 1.2 billion in 1999 E.C.

Encouraged by the consecutive growth of earnings from the export sector, the government

envisages that such earnings would stand between USD 1.6-1.8 billion in the year 2000 E.C.

(2007/08).

Table 1: Performance of Ethiopia's Merchandize Trade (value in ETB)2

Year FOB Value of Exports CIF Value of Imports Merchandize Trade Balance

1997 3,919,004,423 7,490,578,841 -3,571,574,418

1998 3,947,987,070 10,391,891,031 -6,443,903,961

1999 3,550,532,275 11,068,873,507 -7,518,341,232

2000 3,958,930,209 10,429,320,387 -6,470,390,178

2001 3,833,164,327 15,341,831,208 -11,508,666,881

2002 4,056,198,999 13,724,796,129 -9,668,597,130

2003 4,989,643,902 22,988,435,399 -17,998,791,497

2004 5,315,220,673 26,263,630,318 -20,948,409,645

2005 7,848,147,134 33,271,475,705 -25,423,328,571

2006 8,779,721,238 39,988,259,522 -31,208,538,284

Source: Computed based on Ethiopian Customs Authority data

1.4 Major Export Products3

The structure of the export sector of Ethiopia is characterized by high commodity

concentration as is the case with least developed countries. That is, the sector is dominated

General-Directorate made computations of exports, imports, trade balance, direction of trade etc. from this

raw data. 2 The Ethiopian Customs Authority issues a full year's data only at the end of December of a given year. 3 For more practical purposes, a brief description of the major export products of Ethiopia and the addresses

of the major exporters is annexed towards the end of this manual.



by a few primary products that account for a lion's share of the country's export earnings.

During the period 1994-1999 E.C., the leading export products of the country were coffee;

oilseeds, pulses and spices; chat; hides and skins; and in very recent years flower and gold.

For example, during the 1999 E.C. (2006/07), the share of the biggest contributors to the

export earnings of the country was as follows: coffee (36%), pulses, oil seeds and spices

(22.6%) of which the oilseeds were the most dominant (15.9%), gold (8.2), chat (7.8%), and

hides, skins and leather products (7.6%). In absolute terms this means that coffee accounted

for USD 424 million; pulses, oil seeds and spices' share was USD 267.6 million of which

oilseeds accounted for USD 188 million; gold USD 97 million;; and hides and skins fetched

USD 90 million; chat fetched USD 88.5 million and so on in the same year (i.e. 2006/2007).

It is therefore abundantly clear that export earnings from coffee still dominate and indeed

exceed that of the second major export earners, namely pulses, oilseeds and spices by USD

157 million in that year.

There has been, however, an interesting new development in the export composition of

the country in recent years. That is, even though the sector is still dominated by a few

primary products and coffee is still the biggest foreign exchange earner for the country, its

percentage contribution to export earnings has gradually declined from 57% on average during

the 1997/98-2000/01 period to 37% during 2000/01-2006/07 period. That is a decline from

a share of more than half to about one third in a matter of few years. As can be seen from

the annexed data, this phenomenon occurred not because the absolute total (dollar) amount

that coffee earns in a year has declined but because other sectors' contribution to export

earnings has increased. That is, the contribution of product categories such as pulses and

oilseeds and new comers such as flower has reduced the dominance of coffee in the export

sector of Ethiopia - indicating a process of gradual horizontal export diversification. Indeed

the earnings from flower export have shown a dramatic growth such that it rose from a mere

USD 159,000 in 1994 E.C. to USD 65 million in 1999 E.C. which is a four hundred fold

growth, in a matter of six years. Even though the country is trying to increase its earnings

from coffee by increasing its supply and by activities such as branding its coffees (Sidamo,

Harar, Yirgachefe, etc.), it is even more determined to reduce the relative contribution of the

product in the export sector by diversifying its export composition.



1.5 Import Structure and Major Import Products

A look at Table 1 above shows that not only exports but also imports of Ethiopia

have shown a dramatic increase in value in recent years. In fact, imports have increased in

value much more than exports. This is a reflection of the effects of liberalization of external

trade sector and the rising demand for import in the country as the result of the robust

economic growth and investment activity; and possibly, the rising international prices of

petroleum and petroleum related import products. As a result, the deficit in trade balance

went from ETB 3.6 billion in 1997 to ETB 31.2 billion in 2006.

However, a look at the structure and composition of Ethiopian imports, reveals that

capital goods account for the lion's share in the country's import expenditure, followed by

imports of non-durable consumer goods, semi-finished goods and petroleum.

1.6 Direction of Foreign Trade

1.6.1 Major Destinations of Ethiopian Exports

The General-Directorate's computations from the data obtained from the Ethiopian

Customs Authority reveal that the share of the major destinations of Ethiopian exports in

terms of individual trading partners or countries for the year 2005 to have been the

following: Germany (13.3%), China (9.1%), Japan (7.3%), Djibouti (5.9%), Saudi Arabia

(6%), Italy (5%), and the US (4.7%). Indeed during the three years, i.e. from 2004-2006,

Germany remained the single most important destination for the Ethiopian exports. In the

same period, the second, the third and the fourth, etc places were alternatively taken by

other countries. As such these places were occupied in 2006 by Japan, China, Saudi Arabia,

Italy and Djibouti; in 2005 by China, Japan, Switzerland, and Saudi Arabia; and in 2004 by

the US, Japan, Saudi Arabia and Italy. This means that from Europe, Germany and from

Asia, China and Japan were the most important trading partners for Ethiopian exports. A

notable fact regarding the destination of Ethiopian exports in recent years is that Djibouti's

share went down from 28.05 percent of the total in 2001 to just 5.99 percent in 2005 while

that of China's shot up from a meager 0.39 percent to 9.30 percent.4

4 The composition of Ethiopian exports for the year 2006 is appended herewith.



1.6.2 Major Sources of Ethiopian Imports

According to Ministry of Trade and Industry's computations (based on Ethiopian

Customs Authority data), the most important source of Ethiopian import is the Middle East

and Asia which accounted for 57.5% in 2004/05 which was a remarkable rise from its share

of 15% in 2000/01. This is followed by Europe whose share showed a slight increase in the

same period from 23.1% to 25.5%. The third and fourth places were taken by North

America and Africa

As for the individual trading partners, Saudi Arabia's share which was 9.7 percent in

2003 went up to 15.7 in 2005 while that of China which was around 9.6 percent as recently

as 2003 has grown to 12.7 percent in 2005. In the case of China, the increase is basically the

result of the fact that that country has become a major source of lower cost consumer goods

and other basic manufactured items. In the case of Saudi Arabia, the increase is attributed to

the petroleum price hikes witnessed in the period under consideration as the country is the

major source of Ethiopia's petroleum and related products. In general, Saudi Arabia and

China are the two most important sources of Ethiopian imports in recent year; thereby

demonstrating the fact that the Middle East and the Far East are the major sources of the

Ethiopian imports.5

1.7 Trade Balance

In the earlier sections, it was noted that the value of Ethiopian exports has shown a

consistent and a remarkable growth in recent years. It was also noted that the imports of the

country have shown even more pronounced increase during the same period. Consequently,

the trade balance of the country (which is the difference between the total value of exports

and that of imports) has been showing a growing deficit. For example the surge in imports

from ETB 7.5 billion in 1997 to ETB 40 billion in 2006 compared to the export earnings

which stood at 3.9 billion and 8.8 billion in the same period led to the deterioration of the

balance of trade position. This meant that the share of export in import financing

(export/import) declined from 52% in 1997 to 22% in 2006/07.

Consistent with this overall situation, Ethiopia's trade balance with its major trading

partners calls for concern. Accordingly, as Annex IX clearly depicts Ethiopia had deficit

5 The composition and origin of Ethiopian imports for the year 2006 is attached as an appendix at the end of this manual.



trade balance in 2004/2005 with all its major trading partners (except with Germany).

During this period the country had singe largest trade deficit with Saudi Arabia, followed in

descending order by China, USA, UAE, Italy, UK and so on. Earlier in 2000/2001, except

with the Sudan and Djibouti, the country had the largest deficit with China, followed in

descending order by Italy, USA, UK, France, Saudi Arabia and so on. The picture is almost

the same in the intervening period.

The aforementioned deficit in Ethiopia's trade balance can be interpreted in two ways.

On a negative note, it can be seen as cause for alarm since such a wide and growing gap

between the value of exports and imports of a country means that the country continues to

need other sources of financing its import demand such as foreign aid and credit; and needs

the resources at an increasing rate. On a positive note, the fact that the lion's share of the

value of imports is taken up by capital goods plus intermediate inputs is in fact an indication

of the fact that the domestic economy is growing and the productive capacity of the country

is expanding at an increasing rate. In any case, the fact still remains that Ethiopia remains

what is technically known as an "import compressed" economy - an economy whose growth

potential could artificially be limited by its inability to import what it needs for growth due to

the gap between the value of exports and the import demand.

The fact that most of the import products of the country are "necessities" such as

capital goods and petroleum means that trying to limit imports is not really a viable option to

solve the problem of the persistent and widening trade imbalance. Therefore, the challenge

facing the country is to increase the pace of the growth of exports even more. It is with this

understanding that the Government of Ethiopia is very keen to boost exports and has, as

was mentioned in previous sections, made export promotion and expansion as a top priority

in its economic development strategies. It is thus incumbent upon our diplomats to leave no stone

unturned to search for markets for our products as well as to ensure mobilization of other development

financial resources such as ODA, private capital for investment, private remittances, and so on to address the

supply and productive capacity problems of the country thereby to bolster the export capacity of same.

1.8 Export Potential/ Opportunities

According to Investment Guide to Ethiopia: Opportunities and Conditions which was published

jointly by UNCTAD and ICC (in 2004), the fact that Ethiopia offers a stable political and

economic environment as well as security; exceptional climate; almost complete absence of



routine corruption; continuously improving infrastructure and public service delivery; and

abundant, cheap and trainable labor force make it potentially an ideal destination for

investment - and by implication for export. More specifically, even though Ethiopia is a large

and very diverse country, the economic and the political environment is characterized by

very little crime and disorder. The fact that Ethiopia has 18 ecological zones and five climatic

zones ranging from alpine to desert means that the country is ideal for a wide variety of

agricultural activities. Since Ethiopia is one of the less developed countries with the lowest

levels of corruption, it can claim to offer one of the cleanest business climates in the

developing world.

Thus, besides all its untapped natural and human resources, the publication cited above

describes Ethiopia as "Safe, peaceful, stable and very nearly free of corruption". This means

that its economy has great potential to grow and prosper. Since the economic policies of the

country are export oriented, economic growth in the country translates into export growth.

Product specific export opportunities in brief are as follows:

Coffee

Ethiopian coffee is among the very best in the world. The diversified type of Coffee

Arabica produced in the country is highly valued in the world markets, including for its

gourmet, specialty and organic coffee. It is also used for blending with and upgrading coffees

produced in other countries. Currently, the total area of the country covered by coffee is

estimated to be more than 400,000 hectares and the total production at 350,000 tones per

year. Annual exports approached 180,000 tons in 2006/07, a rapid rise compared to 58,000

tons in 1990/91.. Coffee remains the single most important export crop, fetching 424

million USD in 2006/07. Preliminary studies show that there is an ample room to increase

coffee production through area expansion, productivity improvements and through further

processing. Only less than 4% of the estimated 12.5 million hectares of highly suitable land is

covered by coffee at the moment; and if the current 5-6 quintals/hectare yield could be

improved to 10-12 quintals/hectare achieved by similar coffee variety producing countries

like Kenya, it is possible to double the current level of total output from the existing

cultivated land area. The successful conclusion of the current efforts underway to register

and license fine Ethiopian coffees Sidamo, Harar and Yirgacheffe as brand names holds a

promising future for Ethiopia to harness huge benefits from its natural resource endowment.



Livestock and Livestock Products (Hides and Skins, Leather and Meat)

Ethiopia has the largest livestock population in Africa. It is estimated that there are

about 35 million heads of cattle, 11 million sheep, 10 million goats and 1 million camels.

From theses resources, for example, Ethiopia is capable of supplying 16-18 million pieces of

hides and skins per year. Not only the volume but also the unique quality of Ethiopian

leather, some of which are considered to be of prime quality in international markets, gives

the country a competitive edge over other countries. For example, Ethiopian goatskin

named after a locality known as Bati is accorded a high place in the market to the extent that

it is referred to as "Bati Genuine" (the international name given for high quality goat skins)

and fetches the highest premium price in the world market while anything that looks like it is

referred as Bati type and may be offered the next best price.

Currently, there are 19 tanneries in operation,, four of which are state owned and the

remaining under private ownership. They mainly produce semi-processed products for

export and small quantities of finished leather for the domestic leather products industry and

very small share for export. There are about 12 small and medium scale industries engaged in

the production of leather garments, footwear and small leather articles for the export and

domestic market. Ethiopia has great potential for the rapid development of its leather sector.

Its short term strategy is on moving all leather production from the wet-blue stage to the

crust and eventually finished stage. The strategy for the long-term is to gradually convert all

available hides and skins to finished leather products: shoe uppers, shoes, jackets, bags, etc.

It is worth mentioning that the country earned USD 89.5 million in 2006/07 from the

export of hides and skins.

With regard to meat and meat products, there are currently 5 export abattoirs of

international standard and five meat processing plants which are capable of producing fresh

and frozen as well as canned meat (such as corned beef, minced beef, stewed steak, corned

mutton, goulash, etc.). The current cumulative capacity of these plants will enable the

country to supply about 48,910 tones of chilled and frozen meat and 16,000 tones of canned

meat annually. The rapid rise in export earnings from 1.7 million USD in 2000/01 to 18.3

million USD in 2005/06 is a vivid testimony of the opportunities available in the sector for

further expansion. There is also a huge potential for export of live animals. Natural pasture

which constitutes 51% of the total land area of the country is the main source of animal feed

which provides for the growth of livestock free of chemical and hormones with great appeal



for health conscious developed country consumers. Given the availability of suitable

infrastructure and the export capacity of firms, the country can export large number of heads

of sheep and goats and over 100,000 heads of cattle annually. There was a dramatic leap in

the export of live animals such that in a short period of seven years the export earnings

jumped from a mere USD 18,000 in 2000/01 to 36.8 million USD in 2006/07 thereby

implying that the country has enormous potential yet to be tapped from the resources.

Pulses and Oilseeds

The fact that Ethiopia occupies a unique geographical area with sunny summer days,

mild winters, and has similar other favorable agro-ecological conditions means that it is

highly conducive for cultivation of most types of pulses and oil seeds. Since oilseed

production in the country is usually undertaken without the use of pesticides and fertilizers,

the products can be sold with organic labeling at premium price if appropriate certification is

acquired. The oilseed export showed a rapid expansion and as such fetched 188 million USD

in 2006/07 compared to about 37 million USD in 2001/02. Export of pulses also grew

dramatically during the same period.

Horticulture and Floriculture

Another area where Ethiopia has great export potential is horticulture and floriculture.

The country has agro-ecological, location and labor cost comparative advantage in the

production and export of various types of tropical fruits, vegetables, and cut flowers. It also

has ideal condition for items such as bobby beans, red onion, papaya, orange, potatoes,

asparagus, avocado, mango and many others. The Ethiopian Government encourages

companies with experience in agro-processing to invest in the floriculture sector. The recent

investment boom in the cut flower production and export is a testimony that the country is

capable of competing with major exporting countries such as Ecuador, Colombia and

Kenya. Easy access to suitable and suitably located land, with host of generous government

incentives provided to investors in the area, have opened up a great opportunity for

production and export of floricultural and horticultural products. As a result, the rapidly

growing domestic and foreign investment in the sector is expected to triple the total export

(which was worth 81 million USD in 2006/07 (i.e., 64 million USD in the case of floriculture

and 17 million USD in the case of horticulture) in the next two years.

Textile and Garments



Yet another area that holds great export potential for the country is the textile and

garment sector. The existing capacity as well as the potential to expand further the supply of

cotton through area expansion and productivity improvements, the availability of large

reservoir of young easily trainable and low-wage labor force, the industrial tradition already

established and the preferential market access the country enjoys in the US and EU markets

under AGOA and EBA arrangements, respectively, together with the huge importance and

support provided to the sector by the government mean that the sector is sure to become a

competitive player in the world markets and a major foreign exchange earner in not so

distant future. The foreign exchange earning from the sector rose to 12.6 million USD in

2006/07 from a mere 3.5 million USD in 2000/01, demonstrating the great potential to

increase export earnings.

1.9 Trade in Services

Notwithstanding the deficit in merchandise trade balance, net receipts from services

exhibited a surplus throughout the period under consideration thereby offsetting part of the

trade deficit. This was the result of rapid growth in receipts from travel, transportation and

government services in the period under investigation. Data compiled by the NBE reveals

that from 1997/98 to 2004/05 receipts from travel went up from USD 35.2 to USD179.9

million; transportation from USD 205 million to USD 416.2 million; and government

services from USD 82.9 million to USD 197.9 million.

These positive developments offset the observed pick-up in the payment for travel,

transportation and other services, thus contributing to the surplus in the services account,

which stood at USD 241.6 million in 2004/05. As a result of this and other net receipts

(such as official transfers) in the services account, the staggering deficit in trade balance

which was USD 2.8 billion in 2004/05 was reduced to USD 960 million in the current

account balance in the same year. According to data from NBE, in 2006/2007, foreign

exchange receipts from services and private transfers registered 18% and 59% growth and

totaled 1.3 and 1.1 billion USD, respectively. In the same period, official transfers (grants

and loans in the form of financial and material aid) amounted to 1.5 billion USD of which

78% was grant. All in all, the country obtained 6.2 billion USD from all sources including

export earnings in the budget year 2006/2007. As a result, the balance of payments



recovered from the deficit it encountered in the 2005/06 budget year and showed surplus at

the end of 2006/2007 budget year.

1.10 Market Access and Opportunities for Ethiopian Exports

Ethiopia enjoys preferential market access by virtue of being a member of the

COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa) which embraces 23 countries

with total population of about 380 million. A study commissioned by the government is

underway to assess the implications of the zero-tariff regime under the COMESA Free

Trade Area (FTA) arrangement. Meanwhile, Ethiopian exports are entitled to benefit from

the customs duty reduction arrangement introduced before the establishment of the FTA

once they meet the COMESA Rules of Origin criteria.

Ethiopia has embarked on the process of the WTO accession negotiation by submitting

its "Memorandum on the Foreign Trade Regime" to the Organization. The successful

completion of the process would render the country, inter alias, unfettered access to the

markets of the global body whose membership is increasingly assuming a universal character.

Ethiopia is also involved in the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) negotiations that

aim at addressing reciprocal market access issues between ACP-EU and among the ACP

country blocks under the framework of the Cotonou Agreement which has redefined the

relationship between African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries and the EU.

Further more, Ethiopia qualifies for a preferential market access to EU markets under

the Everything But Arms (EBA) initiative and to the US markets under the African Growth

and Opportunity Act (AGOA). EBA is a preferential market access given by the EU to a

group of Least Developed Countries (LDCs) (including Ethiopia) that allows the countries

to export their products duty free and without quantitative restrictions, excluding arms and

ammunitions. Similarly, AGOA is part of the Trade and Development Act of the US

Government promulgated in 2000. This non-reciprocal trade act provides that African

products meeting eligibility requirements will receive duty and quota free treatment up to

2015. The Act provides most sub-Saharan African countries (including Ethiopia) with the

most liberal access to the US market available to any country or region with which the US

does not have a Free trade Agreement. A broad range of manufactured goods from Ethiopia

are entitled to preferential market access under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)

in Australia, Canada, Finland, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, USA and



most countries in the EU. No quota restrictions are placed on Ethiopian exports falling

under the 3000-plus items currently eligible for GSP treatment. The People's Republic of

China has also granted almost all Ethiopian export products (agricultural products and raw

materials, in particular) duty free access to its markets. Ethiopia, as an LDC and as acceding

country to the WTO, is expected to benefit from the duty-free and quota-free (DFQF)

market access opportunities for LDCs being negotiated in the WTO in the context of the

ongoing Doha development Agenda negotiations.

On top of all these, Ethiopia's geographical proximity to the Middle East and Gulf

countries offers great potential market for Ethiopian export products. There is also great

potential particularly for export of perishable but high value products (such as floricultural

and horticultural products) from Ethiopia to the EU due to its geographical proximity

(relative to its competitors). All in all, the aforementioned potential renders Ethiopia a well

placed country not only as an investment destination but also as a springboard to huge

market destinations.



Chapter Two: Domestic Policy, Legal and Administrative

Framework Relevant to Import-Export Trade

2.1 Laws, Regulations, Procedures, National Tariff Structure

2.1.1 Export Regulation

(a) Registration requirement for engaging in exporting

Export registration requirements in Ethiopia follow the same procedures as those

that apply to import registration requirements; these procedures have been elaborated in

2.1.3 (a) below.

(b) Export Licensing procedure

The details of export licensing procedure are the same as the import licensing procedure.

The proclamation and regulations mentioned in 2.1.3 below apply also for export

procedures. As in the case of importers, exporters are required authorization to export

certain products. Export products, which require authorization and authorizing government

institutions, are indicated here under:

• Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development for coffee, forest products, live

animals including wild animals, plants and birds;

• Ministry of Mines and Energy for mineral products, such as marbles, gold, and other

precious metals and stones.

In addition to the above-mentioned government ministries, the Quality and Standards

Authority of Ethiopia gives authorization by inspecting and certifying Export Products for

which relevant Ethiopian Standards have been established and are made mandatory under

Council of Ministers Regulation No. 13/1990.

2.1.2 Export Procedures

There are a range of procedures and various types of documentation required for

export of goods from Ethiopia. Upon the decision to accept a purchase order, the first thing

an exporter needs to do is to finalize the export contract stipulating the method of payment



for the export consignment. Then it has to apply for the registration of export order with

one of the commercial banks operating in the country or the National Bank of Ethiopia.

According to the regulations issued by the National bank of Ethiopia, all exports except

coffee have to be registered with any of the commercial banks operating in the country, and

only the registration for export of coffee should take place at the national Bank of Ethiopia.

The first stage in the registration process involves registering the initial import intent

issued by the buyer. The documents required at this stage are a valid export license and a

document that indicates the purchase intent from the buyer. The second stage involves

finalizing the export contract and acquiring an export permit that allows the export of that

particular consignment. The export contract required by the commercial banks includes the

following copies depending on the modes of payment involved: LC (6 copies), advance

payment (5 copies), CAD (5 copies) and consignment note (5 copies). At this stage, the

exporter is required to fill the Customs Clearance Annex form issued by the commercial

bank on behalf of the Ethiopian Customs Authority. This later facilitates the clearance of

goods at the checkpoints by the Customs Authority.

After preparing the export goods with the product description in the export contract,

the exporter has to make arrangements for suitable packaging and apply to the Quality and

Standards Authority or other pre-shipment institutions of the country depending on the type

and nature of the product to be exported. The next step is to acquire a certificate of origin if

the regulations of the importing country require so. This is necessary if the exports are to

qualify under some preferential tariff or other treatment for originating in Ethiopia. The next

step is acquiring customs clearance from the Customs Authority in order to be able to pass

all Ethiopian checkpoints. The documents required for this purpose are a valid export license; export

permit for the consignment from a commercial bank or the NBE; certificate of origin; quality and standard or

pre-shipment inspection certificate;, commercial invoice, packing list, Customs Declarations Annex form

stamped by a commercial bank; and an insurance certificate. Finally, after delivering the goods by

fulfilling the necessary documents, the exporter hands over all the relevant documents to its

banker for collecting payments.



2.1.3 Import Regulation6

(a) Registration Requirements for Engaging in Import

The Government of Ethiopia has issued Proclamation No. 67/1997 (amendment

Proclamation No. 376/2003) and Council of Ministers Regulations No. 13 /1997

(Amendment Regulation No. 95/2003) for Federal Government Commercial Registration

and Licensing. The requirements are clearly stipulated in the Proclamations and the

Regulations. These are:

• No person shall engage in commercial activities such as import, export, wholesale,

retail, manufacturing and service rendering business unless registered in a

commercial register.

• Foreign nationals considered as domestic investors and Ethiopians who wish to have

an import license and engage in any business activities in Ethiopia have to make a

principal commercial registration. For this purpose, a businessperson has to be

registered principally at the Ministry of Trade and Industry or at regional states trade

bureau. Principal commercial registration is made only once except it is amended

upon the request of the trader when he/she wants to change the particulars in the

initial registration.

Whereas the businessperson (physical or juridical) wants to open branches at different

places he/she makes a summary registration at the Ministry of Trade and Industry or

regional states trade bureau where he/she opens a branch. Such registration is made by citing

the particulars entered in the principal commercial register in brief. For Ethiopian nationals a

recent passport size photograph, a complete application form and photocopy of the

applicant's ID card is the requirement to be registered for a principal and a summary

registration.

Foreign nationals considered as domestic investors shall apply for a principal or

summary registration by completing and submitting the application form to the Ministry of

Trade and Industry together with the following in two copies:

• his/her recent passport size photograph;

6 Adapted from MOTI (December 2006), Memorandum on Foreign Trade Regime: Ethiopia, Addis

Ababa.



• a photocopy of the pages of his/her passport which identify him/her and indicate

his/her legal entry into the country;

• investment permit; and

• Photocopy of his residence permit.

• Registration fee: (a) Principal registration (ETB 80 or USD 9.30) (b) Summary

registration (ETB 10 or USD 1.20)

Unless adding value, foreign nationals are not allowed to engage in import-export

trade.

(b) Characteristics of the National Tariff

The national tariff is based on the Harmonized System (HS). The legal framework

for the application of the HS is Article 4 of the International Convention on the

Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System and Ratification Proclamation No.

67/1993, Article 5 of the Definitions of Power and Duties of the Council of Ministers and

the Executive Organs of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Proclamation No.

4/1994 and Article 51 (1) of Proclamation 60/1997. All Customs tariffs revisions and

amendments since 1993 have been done based on the Internationally Accepted

Commodities Descriptions and Coding System of the HS including the latest amendment of

import tariffs Regulation No. 209/2003, dated January 9, 2003.

The Harmonized System (HS) is articulated in 4 digits, 6 digits and 8 digits of the

Harmonized System (HS) tariff item number. The HS 1996 version had been replaced by the

2002 version as from January 1, 2003. Both import and export tariffs are based on ad

valorem duties. There are no preferential tariffs other than for imports from the COMESA

member states. All imports from the Sudan (Proclamation No 318/2003 and Article 4 of the

Agreement), and imports of salt, fish and fish products, and bottled or canned water from

Djibouti are zero-rated. The import duty rates for the rest of imports from COMESA

member states are 10 percent less than the (most favored nation) MFN duty rates.

A series of customs tariff amendments and measures have been taken since 1993.

The maximum import tariff has been decreased step by step from 230 percent to 35 percent.

The average tariff rate has also been reduced from 41.6 percent to 17.5 percent and tariff

bands from 23 to 6 including the zero rate bands. As per Regulation No.80/2002, the



existing customs tariff amendment has been done in January 2003. At present, there are five

import tariff bands excluding zero rates. They are 5,10,20,30 and 35 percent. Accordingly,

the tariff bands, the number of tariff lines, imports and share of imports for the year 2003

are shown in the Table below.

Table 2: The Existing Distribution of Tariff Bands (2003)

Source: Ministry of Finance & Economic Development, based on Ethiopian Customs

Authority data.

* Including 5 tariff lines that could not be allocated among the bands.

The number of tariff lines is 5608, out of which 5424 are subject to ad valorem

duties while the rest are duty free items and prohibited. Currently the lowest and highest

tariffs are 5% and 35% respectively, which makes the dispersion of 30%. The current simple

arithmetic average of all tariff lines, is 20 % and the weighted average tariff rate is 17.5 %. As

indicated in Table 3 above, the share of 2003 annual imports of goods falling within each

band is as follows: zero percent band, 4.3 %; five percent band, 20.1 %; ten percent band,

15.8%, twenty percent band, 13.7 %; thirty percent band, 15.1 %; thirty-five percent band,

31.0 %. In general, the duty-free category of imports is mostly comprised of fertilizers,

articles of wood, railway or tramway locomotives, rolling-stock and parts thereof, aircraft,

spacecraft and parts thereof, etc. Within the 5 and 10 percent bands are raw materials and

machineries, which are used by manufacturing industries. Items within the 20 percent band

include organic chemicals, carton, boxes, envelopes, sacks and bags, thread, synthetic

filaments, artificial filaments, yarn and synthetic monofilament staple fibers. Items within the

30 and 35 percent bands include perfumes, soaps, tiles, transmission belts, ornaments, silk,

cotton, jewelry, footwear, motor vehicles, textiles products and toys. To encourage sectoral

development, and to accommodate social health and security issues, the Ethiopian customs

tariff book also contains the second schedule which mainly lists conditional exemptions at



nil or reduced rates and exemptions at nil for importation by or on behalf of privileged

organizations, persons, public bodies and institutions.

(c) Tariff Quotas and Tariff Exemptions

Ethiopia does not apply tariff quotas. However, there are tariff exemptions (relief from

duties and taxes) for various kinds of imports. These include:

• Exemptions granted on imports by diplomatic missions or consular privileges

according to the Vienna Convention;

• Relief on goods imported for education, scientific and cultural materials (UNESCO

agreement);

• Equipment or material related to International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO

Convention);

• Commercial samples and advertising materials;

• Importation of tourist publicity documents and materials;

• Goods for display or use at exhibitions, fairs and meetings;

• Relief on personal effects imported by investors and capital goods for the specific

project under the permission of government authorities;

• For goods imported for home use by international organizations and etc.;

• Exemptions for humanitarian and religious purposes; and

• Tariff exemptions granted by Proclamation no. 249/2001 (revised in 207) as export

trade duty incentive scheme.

(d) Import licensing procedure

Pursuant to Proclamation No. 67/1997 (Amendment Proclamation No.376/2003) and

Council of Ministers Regulations No.13/1997 (Amendment Regulation No.95/2003),

registered importers are required to obtain license from the Ministry of Trade and Industry.

The import of certain goods and materials are regulated from the line of responsibility

entrusted upon government offices and authorities. In line with this, there are offices, which

administer the imports of different products. The products that need authorization and the

relevant institutions are indicated here below:

• Road Transport Authority - for imports of motor vehicles and transport machinery



• Ministry of Health (Drug Administration and Control Authority) - for human and

animal drugs and medical equipment

• Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development - for pesticides, seeds, plants and

other articles, which are liable to be infested or infected with plant pests, live animals

and animal products.

The Quality and Standard Authority of Ethiopia gives import accreditation by inspecting

and certifying products for which relevant Ethiopian Standards have been established and

are made mandatory under Council of Ministers Regulation No. 13/1990. Communication

apparatus and similar equipment like radio receivers, gaming machines, lottery tickets and

games; armaments, dynamites and fire guns, cigarettes and petroleum are exclusively

imported by the Ethiopian Telecommunication Corporation, National Lottery

Administration, Ministry of Defence and Ethiopian Tobacco and Cigarette Enterprise and

Ethiopian Petroleum Enterprise respectively.

(d) Rules of Origin

Ethiopia has not established its own rules of origin. However, it applies the

COMESA rules of origin for imports from and exports to COMESA member states. The

Ethiopian Customs Authority also signs the GSP, EUR1, and ICO certificates and provides

VISA for AGOA beneficiaries.

2.2 Incentives Structure Related to Import-Export Trade

As was stated in previous sections, the Ethiopian Government is keen to encourage

exports and to attract foreign investment in priority sectors. Accordingly, it has drawn out

various legal and policy incentives structures and specific strategies to this end. One such

incentive structure is the tariff and duty exemption scheme granted under Procl. No.

249/2001 (as revised in 2007) and is known as the Export Trade Duty Incentive Scheme

Establishment Proclamation. The revised proclamation deepens the Export Trade Duty

Incentive Scheme by addressing the limitations observed in the implementation process of

the earlier one and extends the scheme to the 'indirect exporters' that contribute to the

growth of export trade. It is worth mentioning at this juncture that all export products are

exempt from any taxes as well as export duty payments. Needless to say, such exemption

would enhance the price competitiveness of export in the world market.



The aforementioned incentives include three schemes: Duty Drawback, Voucher and

Bonded Manufacturing Warehouses. All the three schemes are intended to provide exporters

with duty and tax free access to inputs from all sources regardless of the origin of imports.

The following brief description is given in the interest of providing a better feel of these first

set of schemes:

(a) Duty Draw-back Scheme

According to Proclamation No. 249/2001 (as revised in 2007), duty draw-back means a

scheme by which duty and taxes paid on raw materials used in the production of

commodities is refunded upon exportation of the commodity processed and shall include

refund of duties paid on goods re-exported in the same condition for being not in

conformity with purchase order specifications, damaged, short delivery or not in market

demand. The same Proclamation defines "Duty" to mean all indirect taxes and duties paid

on raw materials and commodities imported or produced locally. The beneficiaries of duty

draw-back scheme include (a) producer-exporter wholly or partially or occasionally engaged

in exporting their products; (b) indirect producer-exporters wholly, partially or occasionally

supplying their products to producer-exporters or exporters in the form of raw materials or

finished goods; (c) indirect producer-exporters supplying imported raw materials to

producer-exporters without processing them; (d) exporters (e) persons or organizations re-

exporting commodities or raw materials they have imported upon payment of duties if being

not in conformity with purchase specifications, damaged, short delivered or not in market

demand.

Regarding the duty draw-back scheme rate, the Proclamation stipulates that when the

export of raw material or commodity on which duty to be drawn-back is ascertained:

• If re-exported in the same condition, 95% of the duty paid shall be refunded;

• If exported after being processed or used for packing and containing commodities,

100% of duty paid shall be refunded.

(b) Voucher Scheme

This is a scheme where individuals and organizations that are engaged in wholly or

partially exporting their products are granted eligibility certificate from the Ministry of Trade



and Industry and are issued a "voucher book" by the Customs Authority. To be a beneficiary

of the Voucher Scheme persons and organizations must, among others, fulfill the following

criteria: Have manufacturing or exporting license; submit at the beginning of the budget year

their annual business and export plan; submit input-output coefficients; supply information

concerning raw materials wasted in the process of production; submit evidence of export

performance in the last two years if they are not new to the sector; and sign an agreement

with the Customs Authority undertaking to fulfill obligations of the scheme. If the exporters

are new entrants into the sector, they must submit their annual export plan and investment

certificate and/or trade license from the appropriate government organ.

Regarding the procedure for the application of the Voucher Scheme:

• The Customs Authority shall issue Voucher Book on which is entered the amount of

duty to be paid on raw materials they may import, to producers who are desiring to

become beneficiaries of the Voucher Scheme upon satisfying the conditions stated

above;

• Upon arrival of imported raw materials at the customs port, the producer importing

the raw materials shall present his/her Voucher Book to the customs station where

the raw materials are declared. The customs officer at the station shall deduct the

amount of duty payable on the raw materials from the entry book, where upon the

raw materials shall directly be transferred to the private warehouse in the premises of

the production site.

• Customs formalities shall be carried out in the producer's private warehouse.

Bonded Manufacturing Warehouse

Beneficiaries of Bonded Manufacturing Warehouse Scheme are producers wholly

engaged in exporting their products who are not eligible to use the Voucher Scheme and

who have license that enables them to operate such warehouse. Persons or organizations

that can be beneficiaries of Bonded Manufacturing Warehouse Scheme are persons who

have fulfilled the following conditions: Have manufacturing license; have a warehouse that

fully complies with all the requirements provided for by customs laws and regulations; that

pay allowances to customs officials assigned in the warehouse and license fees as determined

by law; present evidence showing that they have ensured the warehouse; that can provide

Customs Authority their annual export plan showing the type, quantity and value of the



products they intend to export during the year, and the raw materials they import to use in

the manufacturing of the products; and submit input-output coefficients.

As for the procedures for application of Bonded Manufacturing Warehouse Scheme:

• The customs official and the exporter shall jointly lock the licensed warehouse;

• The exporter who imports raw materials shall complete transit formalities at the port

of arrival and the raw materials shall directly be transferred to the warehouse. All

necessary formalities shall be completed at the warehouse.

By way of a final remark, it is worth mentioning that the revised proclamation imposes strict

discipline on the violators of the forgoing incentive scheme whose severity increases with the

recurrence of the offence.

The second set of incentives intended to promote export trade relate to export financing.

A brief description of these set of incentives is given below:

(a) Export Credit Guarantee Scheme (Directive No. SBB/33/2002)

The scheme provides non-coffee exporters access to pre-shipment and post-shipment

finance equivalent to the volume of the previous year's export proceeds without any

collateral requirement for existing exporters and with 20% and 30% collateral requirement

for new producer-exporters and new exporters, respectively. Both the pre- and post-

shipment guarantees are provided to a maximum of 180 days. Pre-shipment finance meets

the working capital requirements between the time of receipt of the order and the time of

shipment. It normally covers procurement of raw materials for the export goods, processing

or manufacturing of the export goods, packaging of the export goods, costs of special

inspection or tests required of the importer, transportation of the goods to seaport or airport

or railway sides of departure or destination (depending on the delivery terms), ports, customs

and shipping agents' charge, freight and insurance charges depending on which it is (CFR or

CIF contract), cost of documentation, port handling operations, warehousing, etc. Post -

shipment finance represents bridging finance - working capital provided to the exporter for

the time interval between the shipment of the goods and receipt of payment from the

importer. The fund enables the exporter to continue in business during this period.

(b) External Loan and Suppliers or Foreign Partners Credit (Directive No.

REL/005/2002)



This scheme is meant to allow exporters access to foreign short-, medium- and long-

term financing means. Using this scheme, exporters can acquire capital goods, raw materials,

semi-finished goods, spare parts and other such inputs using foreign sources of finance.

(c) Franco Valuta Scheme for Import of Raw Materials for Export Processing

The Franco Valuta scheme enables exporters to acquire raw materials and intermediate

inputs from their foreign partners who may be working on international sub-contracting

basis, technical and marketing arrangements, FDI or joint venture.

(d) Retention and Utilization of Export Earnings and Inward Remittances (Directive No.

FXD/11/1998)

Under this scheme, the Government has allowed exporters to retain the foreign

exchange they themselves earn in two types of foreign exchange accounts: Retention

Account A allows exporters to hold indefinitely 10% of their export earnings in foreign

currency with banks, use it for their export-related activities and also sell it to commercial

banks at an agreed rate of exchange. Retention Account B allows exporters to use the

remaining 90% of export earnings for export-related activities but within a period of 28 days

and also sell it to commercial banks at an agreed rate of exchange. If the exporter fails to

utilizes her/his foreign exchange earnings within 28 days, then the foreign exchange earnings

will be changed into local currency at the exchange rate prevailing on the next day.

2.3 Mode of Payment

Pursuant to the authority vested in it by Article 39(1) and (2) of the Monetary and

banking Proclamation No. 83/1994, National Bank of Ethiopia authorizes commercial banks

to handle foreign exchange payment services and incoming payments involving imports and

exports. The following paragraphs provide a concise and cursory description of modes of

payment for imports and exports. Further information can be obtained by

importers/exporters from the NBE and the international banking departments of the

commercial banks in Ethiopia.

Concerning exports, all payments should be made in foreign exchange by transfers

through banks and payments using the appropriate instruments or by the debit of a "Non-

Resident Transferable Birr or Foreign Currency Account" maintained with commercial



banks by their corresponding banks abroad. Commercial banks are authorized to allow

exports other than coffee (for which NBE issues export permits by applying procedures and

requirements that are similar with those of other exports). The modes of payments in the

case of exports are LC (on sight and on acceptance), CAD (on sight and on acceptance),

Consignment and Advance Payment. Advance payment may be in the form of bank

transfers, travelers cheques bought by the purchaser from abroad or cash notes provided

that the purchaser presents a signed and sealed Customs Declaration Form.

Bills of Lading, airway bill or any other document evidencing shipment of goods

from Ethiopia to any destination abroad shall be made out to the order of a bank duly

licensed to operate in Ethiopia or the opening bank abroad for payment arrangements on

letter of credit (L/C) and cash against document (CAD). However, Bill of Lading or Airway

Bill can be issued in the name of the buyer or his/her agent for advance payment and

consignment forms of payment arrangement. Commercial banks bear the responsibility for

ensuring that the export proceeds for all export permits approved are repatriated into the

country within 90 days from the date of issue of export permits for all applicable modes of

payments.

In the case of CAD (on sight or on acceptance), the maximum allowable amount for a

single export permit is USD 30,000.00 and subsequent permit is issued only upon the full

repatriating of the allowable amount. Commercial banks may allow export applications on cash

basis to the tune of the amount that has been converted by the buyer while they may issue

permits on consignment sales basis for selected goods against undertaking letter issued by an

applicant stating its responsibility for the repatriation of the sales proceeds in addition to the

documents required in the case of the other modes of payment. The consignment sale are only

applicable to perishable items such as fruits, cut flowers, unfrozen meat, live animals, and

molasses and other items as may be approved by the NBE.

With regard to imports, there are three applicable modes of payment: Letter of Credit

(LC), Cash Against Documents (CAD) and Advance (up to a limited amount only). To import

goods using an LC documents required are import application form showing NBE's importer's

account number and HS codes; three copies of Proforma invoices showing clearly the full

description of goods, modes of shipment, terms of payment, unit price and total amount of

the goods to be paid at a named place of delivery; photocopy of valid trade license for foreign



trade, investment or industry; insurance certificate issued by local insurance company and

documents showing the settlement of commitment for previous imports if any.

With regard to the use of the CAD mode of payment, importers have to submit

Purchase Order (PO) for prior approval from banks in addition to those documents required

for the LC mode. PO presented for prior approval by importers should include, among others,

details of the place of cargo discharge. Importers who wish to import goods by effecting

Advance Payment are required to submit a letter of undertaking to assure the entry of the

goods into the country in addition to the documents required in the case of other modes of

payment. The amount that would be approved for advance payment cannot exceed USD

5,000.00. In cases where the importer wishes to make payment under a telegraphic transfer for

more than this amount, s/he shall submit foreign bank guarantee confirmed by local banks.

However, bank guarantee will not be required if transactions are to be debited to a Non-

Resident Accounts or Retention Account.

In addition to the above modes of payment, importers can also use Supplier's Credit and

External Loans to import goods. Such forms of financing are part of the incentive structures

devised for the explicit purpose of export and investment promotion and are described in

detail in a separate sub-section above.

Full details of regulations pertaining to modes of payment and financial matters

of import-export trade are attached towards the end of this Manual as Annex III.

2.4 Mode of Transport, Access to the Sea and Transit Regulations

Ethiopian exporters have five choices regarding transporting goods to an international

market. These are sea, air, rail, road and multimodal services. The choice of the modes of

transport depends on factors such as weight and volume of the goods, packaging

characteristics and the route.

As Ethiopia's major export products are agricultural commodities and also since the

major trading partners are across the Red Sea and the Atlantic, maritime mode of

transportation is the most widely used particularly from seaports. Air transportation is a

secure and very fast method which usually needs little packaging, and has a low cost of

capital locked with the goods but is usually the most expensive method. Currently, it is the

preferred mode of transportation for vegetables, cut flowers, meat and meat products from

Ethiopia. Road transport in Ethiopia can be used to transport goods to neighboring



countries and other African countries and to transport goods to seaports. There are

highways that connect Ethiopia to all neighboring countries including Kenya, Sudan, Eritrea,

Djibouti and Somalia. Unlike in the case of road transportation, the Ethio-Djibouti Rail Way

is the only rail transportation available in Ethiopia. It connects Addis Ababa to the Port of

Djibouti and is often used to ship export products to the Djibouti market and the Port of

Djibouti. Ethiopian export products are usually shipped to the seaports either by road

transport or rail transport while use of containers is the preferred method of transportation

in a multimodal transportation.

Ethiopia is a land locked country. It has a port utilization agreement with several

neighboring countries. Currently, by far the bulk of Ethiopian exports and imports are

handled at the Port of Djibouti.

In accordance with Articles 24-26 of customs Proclamation 60/1997, any goods in

transit shall accomplish transit formalities at the customs port of departure before the

commencement of transit operation. A clearing agent licensed by the Customs Authority is

the one who should move the goods under the cover of guarantee prescribed by the

Authority. All transit goods should arrive at the port of customs destination in the condition

prescribed in the transit documents before the operation starts. Customs Clearing Agent

shall report forthwith the arrival of the goods to the customs destination offices, in

accordance with Article 25(1) of the law. Goods-in-transit shall be imported through

prescribed customs ports and be transported through allowed transit routes. Pursuant to

Article 26(2) of Customs Proclamation 60/1997, customs ports and transit routes are

determined and prescribed in public notice issued by the Ministry of Revenue as the Ministry

is the supervisory body of Ethiopian Customs Authority.

2.5 Mode of Delivery

The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) has developed Incoterms

(International Commercial Terms) such as FOB. CIF, etc. that state the respective

responsibilities of the buyer and seller regarding matters such as transport costs, transfer of

risks, customs clearance and insurance. Incoterms 2000 is the latest version of Incoterms

published by ICC in the year 2000 and contains 13 Incoterms. Commercial contracts should

therefore explicitly refer to them by the term "Incoterm 2000". For the purpose of this

manual, three of the Incoterms, vis., FOB, CIF and CFR have been briefly elaborated below.



a. FOB - Free On Board (...named port of shipment)

"Free On Board" means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship's rail at the

named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all the costs and risks of loss

of or damage to the goods from that point. The FOB term requires the seller to clear the

goods for export. This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.

b. CIF - Cost, Insurance and Freight (...named port of destination)

"Cost, Insurance and Freight" means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the

ship's rail in the port of shipment. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to

bring the goods to the named port of destination BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the

goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are

transferred from the seller to the buyer. However in CIF the seller also has to procure

marine insurance against the buyer's risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the

carriage. Consequently, the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium.

The buyer should note that under CIF term the seller is required to obtain insurance

only on minimum cover. Should the buyer wish to have the protection of greater cover, s/he

should either need to agree as such expressly with the seller or to make her/his own extra

insurance arrangements. The CIF term also requires the seller to clear the goods for export.

Similar to the FOB term, the CIF term also can be used only for sea and inland waterway

transport.

c. CFR (Cost and Freight)

"Cost and Freight" means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship's rail in

the port of shipment. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods

to the named port of destination BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as

any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from

the seller to the buyer. The CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. This

term can be used only for sea and inland waterway transport.



Chapter Three: Provisions of Export Market Development

Services

3.1 Market Intelligence Services

For the purpose of this manual, market intelligence services expected from Ethiopian

diplomatic Mission involves collecting and analyzing data; and forecasting current export

market conditions, tendencies and future trends. The first step in the process of providing

this service is to conduct a need assessment for trade intelligence service. To this end, the

Mission has to collect information from the beneficiaries of the service. Based on this

information, it has to:

(I) Assess its human, financial and material resource capacity to provide the service;

and based on this assessment

(II) Identify priority trade promotion areas in terms of providing market intelligence

services.

After doing this, the Mission/the diplomat assigned for the task should perform the

following specific activities:

• Identify sources of market intelligence and information about market conditions and

trends of the host economy; and create business contacts with the relevant sources if

need be;

• Collect market intelligence and market trend data from the identified sources

through overt and covert means;

• Organize and compile the data and information;

• Analyze the data by using various analytical methods (such as SWOT analysis,

benchmarking, scenario planning, etc.) and by relating it to current political, social

and economic conditions;

• Based on the data and the analysis regarding the current conditions in the economy

of the host country, identify the market trends and prepare forecasts;

• Based on the analysis and forecasts, notify the relevant (Ethiopian) bodies about

market trends and prospects so that they could make preparations for changes that



may occur in the future; and provide such information whenever requests are

submitted to the Mission; and

• Constantly and vigilantly monitor all phenomena (that occur in the host country and)

that might have positive and/or negative impact on Ethiopian external trade and

promptly disseminate the information to the relevant bodies.

3.2 Export Market Research

In this context, market research means studying market opportunities and identifying

buyers for export products. The first step under this activity is to conduct desk research

regarding market opportunities for the country's exports. The thrust of such research should

encompass the following:

• Identify priority export products based on information about products and

exporters obtained from home institutions;

• Identify types, sources and means of obtaining data related to the flow and exchange

of export and import products in the host country;

• Collect information about the population size, level of economic development,

geography, purchasing power of the population, culture, currency, etc. of the host

country and analyze the market size, buying pattern and growth potential of the host

country market;

• Collect, organize and analyze statistical data of the host country related to the flow

of imports and exports, types and market shares of import items and - in accordance

with this information - rank Ethiopian export products' export potential;

• Assess the possibility for expanding the volume and market share of Ethiopia's

export products in the host market through a detailed comparison of host country

demand and Ethiopian exporters' supply trends;

• Identify Ethiopia's priority products that have high and reliable demand in the host

country but that are yet to be supplied by Ethiopia; and

• After compiling the collected data and preparing a general profile of the market of

the host country; and based on this profile, prepare a list of Ethiopian products for

which there is market potential and for which market research is needed.



The second step under this activity relates to conducting field research to assess market

opportunities for Ethiopia's export products. To realize this, the following specific activities

have to be carried out:

• Collect and analyze data regarding supply capacity, volume, quality, samples, existing

defects, etc. of Ethiopia's export products for which the existence of market

opportunity has been ascertained in the first step;

• Identify the sources (public and private) and means (face to face interview,

telephone interview, mail survey, focus group interviews, etc) of obtaining the

necessary information and select the most appropriate sources and means;

• Collect extensive information regarding the type and volume, required quality

standard, packaging, price, system of payment and purchase order related to the

export products for which market opportunity has been identified during the desk

research - and using this information - identify the challenges and opportunities that

Ethiopia's exports might face in the market;

• Collect and compile information related to the import policies and systems of the

host country such as laws, rules and regulations pertaining to imports, tariff and

non-tariff barriers, documentation and preconditions required in order to export to

the country, mechanisms and systems of payment and government procurement

policies and - using this information - identify the opportunities and challenges

facing Ethiopian exporters to supply this market;

• Identify potential competitors in terms of supplying products that have high market

share and demand in the host country (This is to be done by collecting and

compiling information regarding their market share and participation, price, quality,

supply strategies, promotional strategies, etc.);

• Identify means and strategies for promoting, marketing and accessing the import

market of the host country (This involves, among others, collection and compilation

of information regarding import channels, buyers, their pre-conditions and buying

mechanisms, medium-term market growth forecast, consumption level and trend

and potential market segments.); and

• Based on compilation and analysis of the data gathered using various methods of

field research, conduct market study, clearly indicate the findings and report to the Headoffice.



The report should, among others, indicate the product development activities that

have to be performed in order to be able to supply reliable volume and quality

export products; measures that need to be taken in order to supply the market at

competitive prices; the best market entry channels; the most appropriate ways of

promoting exports to the host market; and the most suitable buyers, importers and

distributors together with their profiles. (See Annex IV: Outline of Product Market

Research.)

3.3 Export Promotion and Marketing Services

Prior to actually conducting the promotion activities, the Mission and/or the

concerned diplomat should gather the information needed to identify the most appropriate

means and way to promote Ethiopian export products in the potential market. To this end,

assessing the promotion methods that have previously been applied in that market and their

outcomes is important. It is also important to gather and analyze information related to the

strategies used by other developing countries to promote their exports in that market and

their best practices. It should be noted that international trade fairs, exhibitions, shows and

store promotion activities are considered the most effective means of market promotion for

the products from various countries. Based on the information so gathered and the

conclusions thereby drawn, the Mission has to identify the most appropriate ways and means

of promoting Ethiopian products in the host country's market and perform the following set

of specific activities:

3.3.1 Recruiting Host Country Importers

Recruiting host country importers to purchase Ethiopian products (with proven export

potential) through dissemination of product profiles, brochures, leaflets, samples and on-the-

spot presentations involves the following specific steps:

• Identify individuals and organizations to whom promotional information is to be

sent and/or presentations are to be given;

• Disseminate the promotional information to the identified targets, ensure that the

information reaches the intended target, fix a convenient appointment and personally

make a presentation about Ethiopian export products;

• Handle additional enquiries and follow-up issues; and



• Prepare and send a detailed report to the relevant section in the Headquarters

consisting details about the discussions, follow up issues and the list of recruited or

interested importers.

3.3.2 Setting-up a Showroom

This task involves the following specific activities:

• Conduct a feasibility study to set up a showroom and identify the location where it is

to be set up;

• Report the results of the study to the Headquarters, request for the materials

(samples, profiles, etc.) necessary for the show room and obtain the materials;

• Collect and organize additional information and description of the samples and other

promotional materials and display the materials in an attractive manner;

• Organize occasions and programs for publicizing the displays;

• Keep the displays and the whole show room up-to-date (by adding new products and

removing outdated/outmoded products and information); and

• Recruit and follow-up those visitors who show interest in the promoted products.

3.3.3 Exhibitions, Trade Fairs and Trade Shows

The following are the specific activities to be performed by the Mission and/or the

relevant diplomat therein in connection with promoting export products at selected

exhibitions, trade fairs and trade shows:

• Collect information about programs of trade related exhibitions and shows held in

the host country from various sources such as chambers of commerce;

• Collect information regarding the program content, number of participants, number

of visitors, etc.; and based on the cost-benefit analysis using this information,

identify and select those shows and exhibitions that are deemed worthy of Ethiopian

producers' and exporters' participation;

• Identify organizations that sponsor and/or support trade exhibitions and shows;

collect and disseminate information about them; look for sponsors and inform the

relevant Ethiopian bodies about the sponsorships;



• Identify and inform organizations on the Ethiopian side that can participate in the

shows, exhibitions and programs;

• Collect information about the Ethiopian organizations that have shown willingness

to participate in the program and provide this information to the organizers in the

host country;

• If there exist chances of support to participants, collect additional information

concerning those supports and pass it to the relevant bodies;

• Book space, furniture, electricity, etc. as required and hotel accommodation for

participants;

• Plan decoration of stand;

• Invite potential importers by mail to visit the Ethiopian stand (stand number should

be given);

• Contact customs authorities and arrange for an agent for the clearance of exhibits;

• Provide support to Ethiopian participant in collaboration with relevant bodies;

ensure that the information, leaflets, samples, etc. of the products which will be

displayed in the exhibition or show are complete and adequate;

• Arrange appointments and meetings for the Ethiopian participants with

buyers/importers of the host country during the show or exhibition and promptly

inform those involved about the arrangements;

• Welcome Ethiopian producers/exporters to the show/exhibition; providing them

with support at the show/exhibition program; promote Ethiopian exports (during

the programs) and recruit buyers for Ethiopian exports;

• During the event, check every day staff, participants, exhibits, brochures, etc. to

ensure that they are in good order;

• Be informed of the results of everyday and suggest on follow-up actions;

• Maintain a close contact with the organizers, participants, agencies, potential buyers,

etc.;

• After the event, arrange the disposal of stand and exhibits;

• Make sure that all outstanding payments to the organizer, clearing agents, utility

service agents, etc. are settled;



• Obtain reports from participants;

• Make preliminary assessments of the results which should help in deciding for future

participation;

• Disseminate all important market information to the appropriate organizations and

exporters in Ethiopia;

• Send letters of appreciation to those who have helped; and

• Make necessary follow-ups and correspondence for market promotion.

3.3.4 Export Promotion through Networks

This activity involves recruiting Ethiopians, host country citizens of Ethiopian origin

and friends of Ethiopia to promote Ethiopian exports. The specific steps are as follows:

• Collect information about Ethiopians, host country citizens of Ethiopian origin and

friends of Ethiopia who reside in the host country and identify those that could

promote Ethiopian exports;

• Based on the information, check the willingness of those selected for the task

through face to face discussion;

• Report the information about those that have shown the willingness to promote

Ethiopian exports to the relevant Ethiopian bodies; requesting for the necessary

promotional materials and disseminate it among them and provide them with any

additional information they might ask for; and

• Monitor their activities, provide them all the necessary support in their efforts and

award them letters of gratitude for their participation in the promotional activities.

3. 4. Match Making

3.4.1 Provision of Information

Provision of detailed information and addresses to selected importers/buyers and

Ethiopian exporters (so that they could contact each other) entails the following activities:

• Prepare a list of importers/buyers that have shown interest to import Ethiopian

products and list them in the order of their reliability and credibility;

• Based on this list, prepare their profiles and transmit the profiles to the

Headquarters;



• Ensure that the profiles reach the relevant Ethiopian exporters;

• Obtain profiles of the relevant Ethiopia exporters (from Headquarters and other

relevant bodies); and

• Facilitate the contacts between the exporters and importers/buyers; provide support

during negotiations and follow-up the implementation of their agreements.

3.4.2 Incoming Trade Missions

Organizing and coordinating individual and group business visits of recruited

importers/buyers and facilitating meetings with Ethiopian producers and exporters is

required when the existence of reliable market for Ethiopian export product is ascertained or

needs to be ascertained and if the potential buyers/importers show interest in the business

visit. When such situations arise, the following specific activities have to be performed by the

Mission:

• Assess in detail the need for the business visit and for exchange of experience and

collect the necessary information concerning the matter;

• Based on the collected information, identify a suitable time schedule, identify the

purpose, the tasks to be performed and clearly state the results expected from the

visit;

• Transmit the information to relevant Ethiopian authorities and members of the

private sector that are deemed to benefit most from the visit;

• Make the necessary preparations and consultations with all the relevant bodies to

make the visit fruitful and successful;

• Check if there are organizations that finance such visits and pass that information to

relevant bodies;

• Collect feed-back regarding the visit from the participants and Ethiopian counter-

parts; and

• Consult with relevant bodies about the conduct, the outcomes, and the lessons from

the visit; identify future courses of action and prepare an action plan.



3.4.3 Outgoing Trade Missions

Co-coordinating and facilitating the (trade related) visits of Ethiopian government

officials and business delegations involves the following tasks:

• First, the Mission has to study and ascertain the need and importance of visits by

high level government officials and business delegations based on the facts on the

ground (interest of recruited importers/buyers, etc.);

• Based on the study, prepare and send a memorandum to the relevant officials;

follow-up so that a decision is passed;

• After the visit program has been approved, obtain information such as the name of

the head of the delegation, the composition of the delegation, the purpose and

expected outcomes of the visit, programs, agenda, support expected from the

Mission, etc.

• Organize a reception program on the occasion of the visit and invite

importers/buyers who have shown interest in Ethiopian products and others;

• Prepare a press release about the visit and facilitate its release;

• Book and/or arrange hotel, transport and other facilities for the delegation;

• Arrange appointments for the members of the delegation with relevant bodies;

• Prepare a briefing for the delegation regarding the economy of the host country;

• Discuss with relevant authorities about samples and other information that the

delegation should take with them and pass this information to the members of the

delegation;

• Receive the delegation, brief them about the country and distribute the brochures

and programs prepared for the visit;

• Participate in the programs of the delegation, provide them with support and

facilitate the whole program;

• Prepare a detailed report about the visit - indicating the results, identifying the

weaknesses and strengths of the visit and actions that have to be taken in the future;

and follow-up the implementation of the results of the visit.



Chapter Four: Facilitating Priority Imports and Technology

Transfer

4.1 Identification of Imports

The task of identifying of reasonably priced and quality imports and reporting the

findings should be preceded by the obtaining of adequate information related to appropriate

technologies and priority intermediate and final products from the Headquarters and other

relevant offices. Such information includes, among others, technology needs of the country,

intermediate inputs and priority import items that are of particular importance to sectors that

are identified in the strategies of the Government as top priority. The Mission also has to

obtain (from the Headquarters and other relevant authorities) appropriate specifications for

the products. Based on such information, it should perform the following specific activities:

• Identify and collect information about the producers and suppliers of the products;

• Based on the information collected, rank the products and their suppliers (or

producers) in accordance with their appropriateness to the Ethiopian climatic and

other conditions, price competitiveness, quality, supplier reliability, reputation, etc.;

and identify the most appropriate product and/or supplier according to the rankings;

• Make contacts with the producers/suppliers and cross-check the reliability of the

information about the appropriate technologies, inputs and priority import products.

(This may include field visits to the sites of the producers/suppliers.);

• Conduct further in-depth study of the producers/suppliers of the products and

technologies, prepare their detailed profiles and report the findings of the study and

the profile to the Headquarters. (The subsequent dissemination of the results to the

concerned authorities and to selected importers/buyers is the responsibility of the

relevant department at the Headquarters.)

4.2 Supporting Buyer-Seller Negotiations

The steps to be followed when providing advice and support during buyer and Seller

negotiations and contract signings are:



• Facilitate the exchange of contact addresses between the identified importers/

buyers and the respective suppliers/ producers of the appropriate technologies,

intermediate inputs and priority import items;

• Arrange appointments and programs for meeting(s) of the buyers/importers and

suppliers/producers and facilitate the conduct of negotiations;

• Collect, compile and disseminate (to the relevant bodies) information that can be

used as an input to subsequent negotiations; and

• Provide advisory, technical and logistical support to the Ethiopian buyers/importers

during the negotiations and contract signings;

4. 3 Acting as Procurement Center

Acting as procurement center for Ethiopian imports entails that the Mission/the

concerned diplomat perform the following sub-processes or specific tasks:

• Collect and compile complete information about the technologies, inputs and import

products for which purchase decision has been made (agreement has been reached)

and about the support expected from the Mission;

• After identifying the buyers/importers for importing the technologies, inputs and

import products, collect and compile adequate and complete information about

import procedures and mechanisms; and pass this information to the relevant

Ethiopian bodies; (Such information could includes legal procedures, licenses

required, packaging, insurance services, payment systems, customs procedures, etc.)

• Identify Ethiopian bodies that have roles in the timely importation of the products

and technologies and that can clearly figure out the needed support (The bodies

referred here may include customs offices, financial institutions, export businesses);

• Regarding the export procedures and mechanisms of the host country, collect and

compile detailed information related to customs procedures and regulations,

technology licensing procedures, packaging, modes of transport and payment,

insurance, documentation, etc.

• Based on the information collected thus far, identify the best ways and means of

importing the technologies and other products in terms of price, time and quality;

and accordingly, provide information and advice to the relevant Ethiopian bodies;



• Create close contacts with all the relevant Ethiopian bodies involved in the import of

the products and technologies; and monitor and support the timely import of the

products; and

• Ensure that the imported products and technologies reach their destination as per

the schedule and report the results to the Headquarters.



Chapter Five: Bilateral, Regional and Multilateral Trade

Negotiation Services

5.1 Studying Options for Trade Relations

This involves studying and prioritizing options for bilateral, regional and multilateral

trade relations. The specific tasks are as follows:

This activity requires the performance of the following specific tasks:

• Identify the trade relations and the priority areas of the country with regard to

bilateral, regional and multilateral organizations;

• Assess in detail the strategies, results and best practices of other developing countries

related to trade promotion through bilateral and multilateral trade relations; and

identify those that best suit Ethiopia;

• Assess in detail countries and areas of relations that would benefit Ethiopia most in

terms of expanding trade relations and devise strategies and approaches to this end;

• In connection with the relationship Ethiopia has/will have, identify areas of priority;

• Prepare a concept paper regarding the countries, regional organizations and

multilateral bodies that are deemed of interest to Ethiopia in terms of forming and

strengthening trade relations; the criteria and pre-conditions they set; and the

priorities of Ethiopia on the matter;

• Forward the concept paper to the relevant authorities in Ethiopia for their review

and comments where possible; hold discussions and exchange of views on the

concept paper with stakeholders (i.e. concerned ministries and private sector

organizations); on the basis of the opinions and comments, revise the concept paper

and prepare a draft study;

• Ensure that the results of the study are reflected in the annual indicative plan of the

Head Office and the plans of the relevant Directorate-General in the Head Office;

and

• Review and update the study report based on the prevailing objective situations.



5.2 Bilateral Trade Negotiation Services

For the purpose of creating of market access through bilateral trade negotiations and

agreements, the Mission has to perform the following activities:

• Identify the objectives of trade relations and prepare an action plan of activities to be

performed in order to facilitate the successful negotiations to form and to strengthen

bilateral trade relations; based on this information, prepare a concept paper;

• Conduct a multi-level discussions on the matter with bodies that participate in the

negotiations and the representatives of the business community;

• Facilitate the formation of joint commission comprising of representatives from

relevant sector bodies; identify the chief negotiator; negotiating experts and analysts

to be involved in the potential negotiations;

• Prepare a zero draft of the agreement to be negotiated and devise a negotiation

strategy;

• Develop the zero draft through multi-level discussions with experts and officials at

various levels, including the higher ones;

• Discuss the timetable and agenda of the negotiations with relevant bodies; present

alternative timetables; transmit these to the relevant bodies of host country;

• Obtain comments on the draft agreement text from the host side and transmit them

to relevant Ethiopian bodies;

• Participate in the negotiation on the agenda items; in the implementation of the

negotiation strategy and ensure that the negotiations are in line with the national

interest of Ethiopia;

• Monitor and evaluate the negotiation process; identify the outcomes of the

negotiations and steps that need to be taken afterwards; and formulate future

negotiation strategies;

• When the negotiations are concluded with an agreement, make preparations for and

facilitate the signing of the agreement documents;

• Follow-up and facilitate the submission of the documents to relevant bodies; provide

presentations about the agreement if need be and facilitate the ratification of the

agreement by parliament;



• Identify in detail the benefits obtained as the result of the agreement in terms of

export expansion, creation of new market access, utilization of the technical

assistance and capacity building support, et cetera; ensure that the Ethiopian side

involved in trade has full awareness of the benefits; and

• Monitor the implementation of the agreement and prepare periodic reports.

5.3 Regional and Multilateral Treaty Negotiations7

In order to promote Ethiopian national interest in regional and multilateral trade

negotiations, the following specific steps should be taken by the Mission:

• Collect and compile detailed information regarding the content and focus of the

agendas and negotiating issues of regional and multilateral trade related bodies and

organizations;

• Identify and select the issues and agendas that are of priority interest to Ethiopia;

• Prepare a memorandum which would clearly indicate the positions that Ethiopia

should take on the selected agenda items;

• Hold multi-level consultations on the memorandum with relevant Ethiopian sectoral

bodies, representatives of the business community and other relevant stakeholders;

and formulate a common position;

• Draw an action plan for Ethiopian negotiation position;

• Facilitate the formation of a team that would participates in the negotiations,

comprising of a chief negotiator, negotiators, supporting experts, information

collectors and analysts;

• Participate in the preparation of negotiating positions and strategies based on the

focus areas such as market access capacity building, etc.;

• Facilitate the exchange of views with delegations of other countries or countries'

groupings that have similar interest or common position, work in coalition with such

countries and promote Ethiopia's position;

• Monitor and evaluate the process of negotiations and make appropriate adjustments

to negotiating positions and strategies;

7 This activity is to be performed by Ethiopian Mission abroad that are involved in and/or accredited to

regional and multilateral (trade related) organizations. Not all Missions are required to perform it.



• Brief the appropriate Ethiopian bodies and the business community about the

negotiated outcome;

• If and when the negotiations are concluded with the signing of an agreement, ensure

that the documents of the agreement reach relevant bodies and follow-up their

ratification; and

• Monitor the implementation of the agreement.

5.4 Trade Agreement Advisory Services

Analyzing, making policy recommendation and advising about the impacts of

Ethiopia's involvement in bilateral, regional and multilateral trade agreements entails

undertaking the following specific tasks:

• Collect detailed information related to Ethiopia's rights and obligations in the

bilateral, regional and multi-lateral agreements it has signed or will be signing and

analyze their policy implications;

• Prepare a proposal regarding the modifications that have to be made on the foreign

trade policy of the country in connection with bilateral, regional and multi-lateral

trade agreements and declarations to which Ethiopia is or is going to be a party; and

the tasks that have to be performed in this connection;

• Conduct consultations and discussions with relevant bodies based on the proposal;

reach a consensus and common understanding;

• Identify and analyze current regional and global political, social and economic

phenomena that would have the potential to necessitate some changes in the foreign

trade policy of the country;

• Identify the potential challenges and opportunities created by the occurrence of the

aforementioned phenomena vis-à-vis the national interest of the country;

• Prepare a proposal containing the modifications that need to be made on the foreign

trade policy of the country as the result of the above mentioned phenomena; have

the opinion of the relevant bodies on the proposed modifications;

• Conduct consultations and discussions with relevant government and private bodies

on the proposed modifications; provide clarifications and work towards their

acceptance and endorsement.



5.5 Soliciting Trade Related Technical Assistance and Capacity Building Support

(TRTAS)

The following are some of the specific activities that have to be performed in order to

identify and successfully access TRTAS:

• Identify the types and sources of information on Ethiopia's trade related technical

assistance and capacity building needs;

• Identify government and private beneficiaries of trade related technical assistance

and capacity building support in Ethiopia;

• Prioritize the needs and beneficiaries of the support;

• Identify individual country, regional or multi-lateral organization that provides trade

related technical assistance and capacity building support and collect information

about them;

• Identify the eligibility criteria, pre-conditions and actions that need to be taken to

access the trade related technical assistance and capacity building support;

• Assess the trade related technical assistance and capacity building support needs of

Ethiopia in light of the available resources and accordingly prioritize the issues and

the sources;

• Identify the countries and/or organizations that have previously been providing

trade related technical assistance and capacity building support; and identify the ways

and means of enhancing such support;

• Compile detailed information about the available support including their general

features, their preconditions, potential beneficiary organizations and steps that have

to be taken in order to benefit from the opportunities and communicate the

information to relevant government and private bodies;

• When agreed by the appropriate body, formulate request and forward it to the

agency providing trade related technical assistance and capacity building support; and

follow-up its delivery; and

• Provide in sustainable manner information and advisory service to relevant bodies in

connection with utilization of trade related technical and capacity building support.



Chapter Six: Handling Trade Related Enquiries, Disputes and

Complaints

6.1 Handling Trade Related Enquiries

6.1.1 General Enquiries

Trade related enquiries of general nature, such as list of export products, names and

addresses of exporters of specific products in Ethiopia, etc should be answered by the

officials in the Mission to the extent of the availability of information in the Mission. All

information furnished by the trade promotion bodies in Ethiopia should be well perused and

frequently browsed by the Mission officials.

6.1.2 Specific Enquiries

The enquiries related to foreign trade and mainly related to imports of products from

Ethiopia which are not of general nature and which can not be answered by the officials of

the Mission should be recorded in a form given in Annex V and be forwarded to Economic

and Business Affairs Directorate General in the Headquarters by e-mail, fax and depending

on the importance and urgency of the enquiry, by express mail, for necessary action. The

potential importer of Ethiopian products is likely to make enquiries on some of the

following subjects:

• Information on products such as quantity, availability, quality standards, technical

specification, price list (CIF, C&F, or FOB), time of delivery, packaging, etc.

• Product literature, photographs, catalogues, samples, etc;

• Method of payment (advance payment or irrevocable letter of credit) and shipment

by air or by sea;

• Export formalities and other rules of Ethiopia; etc.

6.2 Handling Trade Disputes and Complaints

The first step in this regard is to identify the main causes of trade related disagreements

and disputes. Such causes, among others, include the following: misunderstandings; late

delivery of goods; non-delivery of goods; delay in payment or non-payment; dissatisfaction



over the quantity or quality of goods; non-collection of goods; ambiguous contract terms;

differing customs and practices; and problems of quarantine laws, standards, and procedures.

There are several methods of settling disputes or complaints:

• Amicable Settlement: The dispute can be settled through a factual investigation and

the problem resolved in a friendly manner. In this case, the staff of the Mission

can help both parties in settling the problems most positively under a cordial

environment.

• Independent Arbitrator: Amicable solution may not be possible in all case. A second

alternative is to appoint an independent arbitrator.

• Legal Procedures: This is the case where a dispute or complaints may be settled by a

National or International Court.

• Settlement of disputes through the chamber-to-chamber system, including the in

International Chamber of Commerce.

The official(s) of the Mission should be involved if amicable settlement is the possible

solution to the problem of dispute or complaint. In case other alternatives are chosen by the

parties, the Mission will have no role apart from recommending or providing names and

addresses of the competent and reliable lawyers if requested by the concerned party. In case

of amicable settlement, the Mission should follow the following procedures:

• Collect all the facts from both parties to the dispute;

• Collect supportive documents, evidence from the institutions involved in the trade

transaction, such as banks , post offices, customs, trade associations, chambers,

carriers, forwarding and clearing agents, etc.;

• Study all the documents, and also the points of complaint or dispute; make own

judgment, establish the reason for the dispute and recommend the possible solution;

and get advice from experts or other relevant bodies if necessary before any possible

solution is recommended;



Annexes

Annex I: List and Brief Description of Major Ethiopian Export Products

Coffee (Coffee Arabica)

1. HS Code of Green Bean Coffee: 09011, 09012, 090121, 090122

2. Description and Specification: Ethiopia is the Birth place of Arabica coffee and has a

broad genetic diversity among its coffee varieties. Annual coffee production is

estimated to be about 350,000 tons. The harvesting period for Ethiopian coffee is

generally between October and December. The major types of Ethiopian coffee that

are exported worldwide are grouped into washed and sundry categories. The washed

category includes Yirgachefe-2, Sidamo-2, Limu-2 and Bebeka-2 while sundry

category includes Harrar-4,5, Djimmha-5, Nekemti-5 and Lekemti-4. The coffees are

packed in new jute bags with weight of 60kg (gross weight 61kg). The prices of

coffee depend on international market prices. The terms of delivery is FOB Djibouti

Port. The terms of payment are against an irrevocable and confirmed letter of credit.

The minimum delivery volume is 18 tons or 300 bags in 20 feet containers.

3. Production location: The major coffee producing regions in Ethiopia are:

a. Oromia (Jimma, Illubabor, East and West Wollega, East and West Harar,

Borana, Guji, Bale and Arsi)

b. Southern Nations, Nationalities and people's Regional State (Sidama, South

and North Omo, Kafa, Gamogofa, Wolaita and Gedeo)

c. Gambella.

6. Major Destinations/ Export Markets: The European Union, Japan and North

America

Meat

1. HS Code: 0201, 0202

2. Description: Meat products exported from Ethiopia include carcass chilled/frozen

beef, veal, mutton, goat meat and meat cuts chilled/frozen, beef prime cuts, lamb

racks/roll goulash, goat racks.

3. Uses: All meat products exported from Ethiopia are for the purpose of human

consumption.



4. Specification: Meat products destined for export are prepared in export abattoirs

where animals are killed, skinned, the flesh washed, cut, cooled, frozen or chilled as

required; and packed in stockinets before they are loaded onto refrigerator trucks

for transport to their final export destinations.

5. Production Locations: There are five export abattoirs in Ethiopia at the moment.

Two of these are located at Debrezeit; two more in Mojo; and the remaining one in

Malge Wondo (near Awassa).

6. Major Destinations/Export Markets: Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (currently

discontinued), Egypt and Congo Brazzaville.

Hides and Skins and Leather Products

1. HS Codes: 4101, 4105, 4106, 410621,410622, etc.

2. Description: Export of hides and skins and leather products include the following:

• Ethiopian highland hair sheepskin - Export products in this category include

pickled, crust and finished leather; and glove leather from sheepskin.

• Ethiopian Bati Genuine and Bati Type Goatskins - Exports from this

category include wet blue, crust and finished leather from goatskin.

• Wet blue, crust and finished cow hides.

• Finished garment leather, leather, lining/upper leather, full grain leather,

embossed leather and patent leather.

• Footwear, leather garments, bags and other leather articles.

3. Uses: - Tickled sheepskin is used for further processing for finished leather to be

used for glove leather, garment leather, and upper shoe leather.

- Wet blue goatskin is used primarily for further processing for finished leather

and shed leather.

- Wet blue hides is used for shoe upper leather after processing.

- Finished leather is employed for various uses (shoe upper, other leather

goods and articles making).

- Shoe leather is used for human footwear.

4. Specification

a. Size (in square feet) - sheep and goatskin: Small (below 2.5), Medium (2.5-3.5),

Large (3.5- 4.5), Extra large (4.5-5.5), above extra large (5.5 and above);



b. Size (in square feet) - cowhides: small (below 10), medium (10-16), large (16-21),

extra large (above 21).

c. Grades - sheep and goatskin: I, II, III, IV, V and VI.

d. Grades - Cow hides: I, II, III, IV and V

5. Production Location

5.1. Location of Tanneries: Total - 23; Oromia - 10; Amhara - 6; Addis Ababa - 6; and

Tigray - 1

5.2 Location of Footwear and Leather Garment: Addis Ababa - 12 mechanized

footwear factories, 10 leather garment manufacturers and about 1000 SME footwear

producers, Tigray - 1 shoe factory

6. Major Destinations/ Export Markets: Italy, United Kingdom, Germany, Romania,

India, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, etc.

Horticultural and Floricultural Products

1. Roses (flower) - HS Code: 060310

Carnation (flower) - HS Code: 060310

Geranium (flower) - HS Code: 060310

Bedding Balcon (flower) - HS Code: 060310

Green Bean (Vegetable) - HS Code: 0708900

Cherry (fruit) - HS Code: 08092000

Tomato (Vegetable) - HS Code: 070200

Melon (fruit) - HS Code: 0807

Okra (Vegetable) - HS Code: 070900

Paprika (vegetable) - HS Code: ----

Strawberry (fruit) - HS Code: 81010

Passion Fruit - HS Code: 081090

Mango (fruit) - HS Code: 080450

Pelargonium (flower) - HS Code: 060310

Chives (herbs) - HS Code: 070390

Chervil (herbs) - HS Code: 070990

Gypsophilla (flower) - HS Code: 060310

Hypericum (flower) - HS Code: 060310

Eryngium (flower) - HS Code: 060310



Solidago (flower) - HS Code: 060310

Limonium (flower) - HS Code: 060310

Onions (vegetable) - HS Code: 070310

Delphinum (flower) - HS Code: 060310

Premium Highland Roses (flower) - HS Code: 060310

Basil (herb) - HS Code: 121190

Coriander (herb) - HS Code: 090930

Dill (--) - HS Code: 091099

Mint (herb) - HS Code: 330125

Oregano (herb) - HS Code: 12119020

Parsley (herb) - HS Code: 07129060

Recolla (herb) - HS Code: 250300

Rosemary (herb) - HS Code: 121190

Sage (herb) - HS Code: 121190

Tarragon (herb) - HS Code: 070990

Thyme (herb) - HS Code: 091040

2. Uses: The purpose of purchasing flowers is mostly to give them away as a gift, for

funerals, and for own use. Flower purchases are made at florists; the rest bought at

places like street vendors and supermarkets.

3. Specification: The number of stems per kilo of each species varies according to

varieties, stem length, bud size and pre harvest and post harvest handling and

treatment. These specifications are based on the requirements of different markets.

4. Production Locations: Sendafa, Tefki, Sebeta, Awash, Alemgena, Merti, Jeju,

Around Sodere, Koka, Debrezeit, Derba, Addis Alem, Holeta, Welmera/Menagesha.

5. Major Destinations/ Export Markets: The Netherlands, Germany, United Arab

Emirates, Russia, United Kingdom and Scandinavian Countries.

Cotton

1. HS Code: 52030000

2. Description: Fiber Crop, (Gossypium hirusstum). After ginning, lint cotton and seed

cotton are the main products.

3. Uses: It can be processed into fabrics, yarns, animal feeds (cotton cake), edible oil,

etc.



4. Specification: The style length ranges from 1 1/16 to 1 1/8 inches. The varieties

grown are medium staples (Acala sj2 and Deltaphine 90). Cotton is picked only by

hand; so, the grade is above middling. Lint cotton packed in the form of bales is

covered by cotton cloth or hesian cloth and wrapped with baling wires.

5. Production Location: Awash valley, Humera, Metema, Gambella, North and South

Omo, etc.

6. Major Destinations/ Export Markets: India, Turkey, Bangladesh, China, etc.

PULSES, OILSEEDS AND SPICES

A. PULSES I. Horse Beans (Vicia faba)

1.1 HS: 0713.50

1.2 Descriptions: Horse beans is a leguminous crop

1.3 Uses: More than 90% of the produced faba bean in Ethiopia is consumed locally in

various ways. It is a source of food and cash to farmers. Also plays significant role in

soil fertility practices. It is valuable supplement to cereals and other starchy root and

tuber crops. It is mostly used either whole (fried or fresh), split or as a floor. The grains

may be boiled, fried or allowed to germinate and eaten as sprouts.

1.4 Specifications: The beans should have a maximum moisture content of 17%. They shall

be free from foreign odours, weevil or other insects, insect webbing, any unknown

foreign substances, broken glass or metal fragments. They shall have good natural colour

or appearance.

1.5 Production Locations: It is the most important pulse crop in terms of area coverage and

total annual production. This crop has manifold advantages in the economic lives of the

farming community in the high lands of the country.

1.6 Major export Markets: Sudan, South Africa, Djibouti, Yemen, Russia and USA.

2. Peas (Pisum sativum)

2.1 HS: 0710.21

2.2 Descriptions: Peas is a leguminous crop

2.3 Uses: In Ethiopia pea (Pisum sativum) is a highly consumed pulse in the daily diet of

the society in urban and rural areas. It is eaten whole, split or milled usually fresh,

fried, boiled or mixed with other cereals to make various types of stews, soups.



2.4 Specifications: Dry peas shall be clean, sound, with natural color or appearance and

shall be free from foreign or abnormal odours.

2.5 Production Locations: Peas (Pisum Sativum) is produced in Ethiopia for a long time

in high and mid altitude Oromia, Amhara, Tigray and some parts of SNNPA by

smallholders farmers without using any chemical inputs. Hence, the product is said

to be organic, although not certified.

2.6 Major export markets: Ethiopian export of peas is very small compared to other

pulses due to its high local demand.

3. Chickpeas (Cicer aretinum L.)

3.1 HS: 0713.20

3.2 Descriptions: Chickpeas is a leguminous crop

3.3 Uses: In Ethiopia chickpeas are consumed widely fresh as green vegetables,

sprouted, fried, roasted and boiled. It is also ground in to flour to make baby feed

mixed with other cereals, soup, bread and sweat meat. It is also used to rehabilitate

depleted fallow lands by playing active role in crop rotation practices/programs.

3.4 Specifications: The Ethiopian chickpeas are dominated by the small sized Desi

chickpeas which have demand in the Indian subcontinent.

3.5 Production Locations: The largest growing regions are Oromiya (West, East, and

North west Shoa, Arsi), Amhara (South Gonder, North and South Wollo, North

Shoa) and few districts of Tigray and SNNPR.

3.6 Major export Markets: India, Pakistan, UAE, Panama and Bangladesh.

4. Lentil (Lens esculenta L.)

4.1 HS: 0713.40

4.2 Descriptions: Lentil is a leguminous Crop

4.3 Uses: Lentil is one of the heavily consumed pulse crops in Ethiopia. It is usually

eaten fried, roasted and boiled whole or split in the form of stews, vegetable soups

mixed with other bean. It is also ground to powder to prepare 'shiro', 'Azifa', and

'Hilbet'. It is also widely used in crop rotation practices to improve soil fertility.

4.4 Specifications: The work done by Debrezeit Research Center has led to the release of

7 improved varieties and only one variety, ADAA FLIP-86 41L is recommended for

export due to its bigger sized seed and red color when splited.



4.5 Production Locations: Lentil is grown as winter crop in Ethiopia and particularly

important in Oromia, Amhara and some parts of SNNPR, Tigray regions

4.6 Major Export Markets: Pakistan, Yemen, and Djibouti

5. Haricot bean

5.1 HS: 0708.20

5.2 Descriptions: Haricot bean is a leguminous Crop

5.3 Uses: Several varieties of them are consumed in SNNPR, Eastern Hararge, and

Western Ethiopia usually mixed with other cereals. Pea beans are used boiled, fried,

or in the form of soups. It is also milled or grounded to make stews. In recent years

the white pea beans have got major share in the countries pulse export.

5.4 Specifications: The quality of haricot beans is measured in terms of color, size, shape

and other physical factors such as impurities (%). The Ethiopian white pea beans are

smaller sized. However, almost all haricot beans produced in Ethiopia are grown by

smallholders with out chemical inputs, and are organic by nature.

5.5 Production Locations: The crop successfully grows in West Wellega, Arsi, East Shoa,

Kembata Tembaro, Sidama, Wolyita, Konso, Burji, East Hararge, and some parts of

East Gojjam.

5.6 Major export Markets: The main destination markets are Pakistan, Germany, Yemen,

UK, South Africa, India and Mexico

6. Mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.)

6.1 HS: 0708.20

6.2 Descriptions: Mung bean is a leguminous Crop

6.3 Uses: Its consumption is not widespread like the other pulses.

6.4 Specifications: It has green skin and is also called green bean. It is sweet in flavor

and cold in nature.

6.5 Production Locations: It is also a recent introduction in Ethiopian pulse production

and grown in few areas of North Shoa,

6.6 Major export Markets: Denmark, Djibouti, Netherlands and South Africa.

B. OILSEEDS 1. Sesame Seed ( Sesamum indicum L .)

a) HS:120740

b) Descriptions: Sesame seeds are an oil crop



c) Uses: In Ethiopia Sesame is grown chiefly for export (more than 90%) and direct

consumption used in bakeries. Very small quantity is also used for the production of

edible oil by traditional oil mills at the growing areas specially Humera area. Few

edible oil producing agro industries also use sesame in small quantity.

d) Specification: The whitish Humera type (including metema type) and Wellega type

(including Pawi type) which is mixed/brownish are the two dominating varieties in

the country although there is the red Wollo type.

e) Production Locations: Sesame is a major oil crop in North-west Tigray (Humera and

its environ), North Gonder (Metemma and the surroundings) and Oromia (East

Wellega).

f) Major export Markets: Israel, Turkey, Egypt, Yemen, Greece, Japan Jordan

Netherlands, Saudi Arabia and Switzerland

2. Niger Seed (Guizotia abyssinica L.f )

a) HS: 1207.79

b) Descriptions: Niger seed is categorized under the oilseeds and oleaginous fruits nest

whether or not broken

c) Uses: Niger seed in Ethiopia is cultivated mainly for the production of edible oil and

direct consumption fried and mixed with sunflower seed. The pressed cake from oil

extraction is used for livestock feed especially in and around cities and large fattening

and dairy farms. Many farmers use it as a rotation crop to improve the fertility of

depleted soils.

d) Specifications: The black seed yield yellow edible semi -drying oil with little odor and

pleasant nutty taste.

e) Production Locations: Being a high land crop, there are sufficient potential areas for

Niger seed Expansion in Amhara (East Gojjam, Awi, North and South Gonder,

Western Tigray, Oromia (East and West Wellega, East and North Shoa, South

Eastern Arsi) where sufficient moisture is available.

f) Major export Markets:

3. Groundnut/Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea)

a) HS: 1202.10/1202.20

b) Descriptions: It is an annual legume



c) Uses: Locally it is consumed directly either fried or as a raw material for oil

producing industries.

d) Specifications:

• Ground nuts: They consist of in-shell ground nuts and unshelled groundnuts. In-

shell ground nuts are nuts which consist of clean ground nut kernels of one

variety, which are mature, dry, free from loose kernels, dirt, and other foreign or

extraneous matter.

• Unshelled groundnuts: Are kernels obtained by selecting groundnut pods which

have the shape, size, configuration and appearance characteristic of the variety

and shall be covered with light pink to red skin which peels-off easily and

darkens with age.

e) Production Locations: Cultivated mainly in Eastern Hararghe and some parts of

Amhara Region and SNNPA.

f) Major export Markets: Djibouti, Egypt, UAE and Yemen.

4. Linseed a) HS: 1204.00

b) Descriptions: Linseed is an oil crop.

c) Uses: Apart from its use in oilseeds production, it has medicinal value for the

treatment of Gastritis. The powdered linseed is also consumed with bread or injera.

d) Specifications: Linseed shall be free from castor seeds and any other seed other than

linseed and shall be white, brown and yellowish.

e) Production Locations: Linseed (Linum usitatisum L) is produced in Ethiopia mainly

in Oromia, Amhara Regions and smaller quantity in Tigray and SNNPA.

f) Major export Markets: Canada, China, Djibouti, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia,

UAE, USA

5. Sunflower a) HS: 1206.00

b) Descriptions: Sunflower is an oil crop.

c) Uses: This crop is produced (grown) in smaller quantity mainly for direct

consumption, oil production.

d) Specifications: Total impurity 3% max.; oil content 34% min.; moisture content 11%

max. Seeds shall be sound, free from visible mould and reasonably free from insect



damage. They shall not contain any foreign matter which can not be removed during

processing or other material hazardous to health.

e) Production Locations: The main producing areas are Oromia, and Amhara Regional

states.

f) Major export Markets: Israel, USA

6. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.)

a) HS: 1207.60

b) Descriptions: Safflower is an oil crop.

c) Uses: In Ethiopia it is mainly grown for direct consumption in various forms (fried,

crushed milled with other cereals). A drink is also made from the crushed/milled

part for home consumption. Oil producing local industries also uses it as a raw

material.

d) Specifications: The seeds shall be clean and free from foreign matters, dirt, and seeds

of other oilseeds; and shall be free from non-edible weed seeds such as castor or

neemseeds.

e) Production Locations: This crop is known as most viable in Nile valley of Ethiopia.

f) Major export Markets: Israel, Saudi Arabia, USA

7. Castor Seed (Ricinus communis L.)

a) HS: 1207.30

b) Descriptions: Castor seed is an oil crop.

c) Uses: Recently castor leaf is identified as one of the best trees for silk worms feeding.

Locally its usage in the oil producing industries is very limited.

d) Specifications: The seeds shall be sound, free from visible mould and reasonably free

from insect damage. They shall not contain any foreign matter which cannot be

removed during processing. (Total impurity - 1%max, oil content - 34%, moisture

content -11%)

e) Production Locations: In some coffee growing areas caster plant has been utilized as

temporary shade for coffee trees.

f) Major export Markets: Thailand

8. Rape/Mustard seed a) HS: 1207.50

b) Descriptions: Rape seed and mustard seeds are oil crops.



c) Uses: Locally the rape/mustard plant leaf is consumed as vegetable fresh or

fried/cooked. The seed after crushed and powdered used for polishing injera (local

bread) pans. It is also known to be a seed source for new plantings in home gardens.

It is also used as a raw material for the production of edible oil.

d) Specifications

• Rapeseed: The containers shall be free from any insect infestation or fungal

contamination and from any undesirable odor.

• Mustard seed: The odor and flavor of the seeds when ground and moistened

shall be fresh and pungent and free from rancidity and mustiness.

e) Production Locations: Both the introduced rape seed (Brassila napus) and the local

variety grow in Oromia, Amhara, SNNP, Tigray Regions.

f) Major export Markets:Israel, Netherlands, udan, USA, UAE.

9. Soy bean (Glycine max L.)

a) HS: 1201.00

b) Descriptions: Soybean is an oil crop.

c) Uses: Locally the seed is used in split or ground form usually used in the production

of soymilk, and fafa formulation.

d) Specifications: Soybean seeds shall be clean and the seeds shall not emit foul odor,

nor found deformed due to moist conditions and shall be free from non-edible seeds

such as castor and neemseeds.

e) Production Locations: The low lands of Ethiopia mainly in Anger Goten, Arsinegele,

Awasa, Ziwai, Debrezeit, Bako, Jimma and Dedesa

f) Major export markets: Australia, Djibouti, Netherlands, USA.

C. SPICES 1. Cinnamon

a) HS: 090610

b) Descriptions: Cinnamon sticks are made from long pieces of bark that are rolled,

pressed, and dried. Cinnamon has a sweet, woody fragrance in both ground and stick

forms.

c) Uses: Ground cinnamon is perhaps the most common baking spice.

d) Specifications: It is the dried bark of various laurel trees in the cinnamomun family.

Cinnamon is also used in savory chicken and lamb dishes.



e) Production Locations: Grows in natural forest areas of Southern and Western

Ethiopia, with adequate moisture and heat.

f) Major export Markets: Europe, Asia, USA and some African countries

2. Coriander

a) HS: 090920

b) Descriptions: Coriander is the seed of coriandrum sativum, a plant in the parsley

family. It has a mild, distinctive taste similar to a blend of lemon and sage.

c) Uses: It comes from Morocco and Romania and used in Indian curries, gin,

American cigarettes, and sausages.

d) Specifications: The seed is globular and almost round, brown to yellow red, and

5mm in diameter with alternating straight and wavy ridges.

e) Production Locations: Oromia Regional State

f) Major export Markets: Djibouti, Kenya, UAE, USA, Yemen

3. Cumin

a) HS: 090930

b) Descriptions: Cumin is the pale green seed of cuminum cyminum, a small herb in the

parsley family. The seed is uniformly elliptical and deeply furrowed.

c) Uses: It is frequently used in Mexican dishes such as chilicon, carne and hot tamales.

Hence, the increasing popularity of Mexican influenced foods is boosting the sale of

cumin.

d) Specifications: Cumin has a distinctive, slightly bitter yet warm flavor.

e) Production Locations:Oromia and Amhara Regional States

f) Major export Markets: Algeria, Canada, Djibouti, Egypt, Isarael, Saudi Arabia, Sudan,

Switzerland, UAE, USA, Yemen

4. Ginger

a) HS: 091010

b) Descriptions: Ginger is a flavoring from a tuberous root of Zingiber officinale, a

plant in the Ginger family. The root is often dried and ground or "crystallized" with

sugar.

c) Uses: Used in gingerbread, ginger ale, gingersnaps, and Asian dishes.

d) Specifications: It has a slightly biting and hot note. Its aroma is rich, warm, and

woody.



e) Production Locations: SNNPR, Amhara and Oromia Regions

f) Major export Markets: Djibouti, Egypt, India, Kenya, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, S.

Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen.

5. Turmeric

a) HS: 091030

b) Descriptions: It comes from the root of Curcuma longa, a leafy plant in the ginger

family. The root, or rhizome, has a tough brown skin and bright orange flesh. It is

boiled or steamed and then dried, and ground.

c) Uses: It is also grown in China and Indonesia. Turmeric is a necessary ingredient of

curry powder. It is used extensively in Indian dishes, including lentil and meat dishes,

and in Southeast Asian cooking. It is routinely added to mustard blends and relishes.

It is also used in place of saffron to provide color and flavor and is mildly aromatic

and has scents of orange or ginger. It has a pungent, bitter flavor. Turmeric, with its

brilliant yellow color, has been used as a dye, medicine, and flavoring. It was also

used externally, to heal sores, and as a cosmetic.

d) Specifications: The beans shall have characteristic odor and flavor of spices and shall

be free from mustiness or other foreign flavours, and shall be free from living and

dead insects, moulds and rodent contamination.

e) Production Locations: SNNPR, Gambela and Oromia Regions.

f) Major export Markets: Iran, Kenya, UAE, USA, Yemen

Sugar and Related Products

1. White Cane Sugar

a HS Code: 1701.11

b Description: White cane sugar

c Specification: Medium grain white cane sugar free flowing

d. Production Location: Metehara and Wonji Shoa sugar factories

e. Major markets: Djibouti, Middle East and other neighboring countries

2. Raw Cane Sugar

a. HS Code: 1701.11

b. Description: Raw cane sugar

c. Specification: moisture - 0.20% (maximum); grain size (mean aperture) - 0.80mm

(maximum); color index - 1100(1c) maximum



d. Production Location: Wonji/Shoa Sugar Factory

e. Major Markets: EU sugar refineries as per the EBA regulation

3. Cane Molasses

a. HS Code: 1703.10

b. Description: Black strap can molasses

c. Uses: Animal feed, yeast, rectification of ethanol

d. Production Location: Metehara and Wonji/Shoa sugar factories

e. Major Destinations/ Export Markets: Germany, Netherlands and UK.

4. Technical Alcohol

a. HS Code: 2207.10

b. Description: Technical alcohol

c. Uses: For medical treatment and cleaning

d. Specification: Clear and free of suspended materials

e. Production Location: Fincha sugar factory

f. Major markets: Italy

5. Power Alcohol

a. HS Code:2207.10

b. Description: Power alcohol

c. Uses: Source of fuel energy

d. Specification: Clear, colorless,, free from suspended materials

e. Production Location: Fincha sugar factory

f. Major market: Italy



Annex II: Address List of Major Ethiopian Export Product Exporters

1. NAME AND ADDRESSES OF COFFEE EXPORTERS8

Ser. No.

Exporter's Name and Address

Ser. No.

Exporter's Name and Address

1 Abadir Coff Trading PLC

P. O. Box 2639DD Telephone No. +25125 1114890 DD Fax No. +25125 111489DD E-mail [email protected]

2 Haicof Limited PLC

P. O. Box 4854 Telephone No. +25111 5510124/5515117 Fax No. +25111 5516888 E-mail [email protected]

3 Addis Exporter Ltd (PLC)


4 Helen Gebrenigus Coffee Exp.

P. O. Box13332 Telephone No. +25111 5531719/5512312 Fax No. +25111 5510299 E-mail [email protected]

5 Adem Bedane Oda Imp.-Exp.

P. O. Box 2135 Telephone No. +25111 1222550/1222551/52

Fax No. +25111 1222553/ 1222554 E-mail [email protected]

6 Ibero & Jos Hansen/Ethiopia/ Ltd.

P. O. Box 3035 Telephone No. +25111 2753686/2757073/2757069 Fax No. +25111 2753433/2765168 E-mail [email protected]

7 Alfoz Pvt. Ltd. Co.

P. O. Box 13732 Telephone No. +25111 6624283/6621745/5511782 Fax No. +25111 6624389/5513481

E-mail [email protected]

8 J. J. Kothari & Co. /Eth./ (Ltd)

P. O. Box171 Telephone No. +25111

4661114/15/16/511400 Fax No. +25111 4661122 / 4661113 E-mail [email protected]

9

Alpha Trading Partners PLC

P. O. Box 1617 Telephone No. +25111 5151920/5528084

Fax No. +25111 5528085 E-mail [email protected]

10 Kaleb Service Farmers House PLC


11

Altaysir Trading PLC

P. O. Box 20189 Code 1000

12 Kana Import-Export Prv. Enter.

P. O. Box12723 Telephone No. +25111

8 Ethiopian Coffee Exporters Association

P. O. Box 8808, PHONE +25111 3711990 /3711130 /3200201, FAX +25111 3711477

E-mail: [email protected], Website: www.ecea.org.et



Telephone No. +25111 4393461/4393463/4394185


1235198/1223522 Fax No. +25111 1235197 E-mail [email protected]

13

Ambassa Enterprise PLC



14 Kedir Haji Hassen Coffee Exporter

P. O. Box 23173 Code1000 Telephone No. +25111 4390931


15 A.S.K International Trading



16 Kemal Abdella International PLC

P. O. Box 24511 Telephone No. +25111 4391951/52/ 4421498


17 Amdehun General Trading PLC

P. O. Box 28201 Telephone No. +25111 5534607/2754010 Fax No. +251115534260 E-mail [email protected]

18 Legesse Sherefa PLC

P. O. Box 2288 Telephone No. +25111 2752043/2766486/ 2752716 Fax No. +25111 2763127 E-mail [email protected]

19 Awda PLC


Fax No. +251116615598/6625749 E-mail [email protected]

20 Makfam PLC


Fax +25111 3713877/2755077 E-mail [email protected]

21 Aziza PLC

P. O. Box 182992 Telephone No. +251111558455/ 1558461 Fax No. +25111 1569530 E-mail [email protected]

22 Mohammed A. Ogsadey Imp. Exp.

P. O. Box 250 DD/58912 AA Tel. +25111 1558899/1551433AA +25125 1112808/1113425 DD Fax No. +25111 1553773 AA/+25125 1111024 DD

E-mail [email protected]

23 Bahomed Trading PLC



24 Moplaco Trading Co. Ltd.

P. O. Box 3035 AA/4 DD

Tel. +25111 6456002/6456008/6455999 AA/+25125 1113971/1113453 DD

Fax No. +25111 6456011/12AA/+25125 1113972DD E-mail [email protected]

25 Baminif Trading PLC


26 Mullege Pvt. Ltd. Co.

P. O. Box 12791 Telephone No. +25111




6463883/6458577/6461727

Fax No. +2511 1461729/1552270 E-mail [email protected]

27 Bashanfer Trading PLC

P. O. Box8888AA /73 DD

Tel.+251111551305/1573160/1558479AA/ 25 1113443 DD

Fax No. +25111 1550924 AA/25 1110919 DD E-mail [email protected]

28 Muluneh Kaka Coffee Exporter

P. O. Box15917 Telephone No. +25111 4390290/4391117/4391093 Fax No. +25111 4393938 E-mail mkcoffee-

[email protected]

29 Ba Shawieh Trading PLC



30 Nardos Coffee Export


31 Belete Shibeshi PLC



32

Nejet International PLC

P. O. Box50721 Telephone No. +25111 4392399/4391864/ 4390249

Fax No. +25111 4390248 +25111 4391620 E-mail [email protected]

33 Bulehora Trading Enterprise

P. O. Box 121776 Telephone No. +25111 4421877 Fax No. +25111 4421878 E-mail [email protected]

34

Paul Ries & Sons /Eth./ Ltd.

P. O. Box3659 Telephone No. +25111 1551315/ 1553194 / 1550233


35 Cabey PLC

P. O. Box 18192 Telephone No. +25111 4671696/4672022/4671697 Fax No. +25111 4671699 E-mail [email protected]

36

Robera Pvt. Ltd. Company

P. O. Box22061 22518 Telephone No. +25111 6461451 /6461452/ 6461453


37 Camels Trading Enterprise PLC



38 S. A. Bagersh PLC

P. O. Box1269 Telephone No. +25111 6620925/ 6620926/ 6620927


39 Challa Mulissa Coffee Exporter

P. O. Box 120538

40 Said Jemal Rahmato PLC

P. O. Box1 5017 Telephone No. +25111 4420932



Telephone No. +25111 2774853/6621195 Fax No. +25111 1551428 E-mail [email protected]


41 Challenge Coffee Traders PLC



42

S. Sara Coffee Enterprise

P. O. Box 5661 Telephone No. +25111 3713916/ 3726293/ 3726294


43 Coffee Plantation Development Enterprise



44

Seid Yassin Ali Coffee Exp. Enterprise

P. O. Box 1382 Telephone No. +25111 5522246/ 5525255

Fax No. +25111 5526233/+25111 5527272

E-mail [email protected] 45

Ethiopian Commodities PLC

P. O. Box1113 Tel. +25111 5517637/5517906/5533834/5514194 Fax No. +25111 5517222 E-mail [email protected]

46 Semachew Demissie Investment PLC

P. O. Box 22766 Telephone No. +25111 6461725 / 26/ 6463594


47 Ethio Agri-CEFT PLC

P. O. Box1006 Telephone No. +25111 6637780/6637781/ 665608


48 Semachew Kebede Export-Import

P. O. Box 9210 Telephone No. +25111 4390911/ 4391033 Fax No. +25111 4391677 E-mail [email protected]

49

Garden Mocca PLC

P. O. Box 27729 Code 1000 Telephone No. +25111 6638052/53


50 Sheik Habib Farid International PLC

P. O. Box 1397 DD** Telephone No. +25125 1112058/

1114097DD

Fax No. +25125 1114062 DD E-mail [email protected]

51 Ghion Industrial & Commercial PLC

P. O. Box 22669 Telephone No. +25111 2794769/2793360/61/62/63 Fax No. +25111 2794770/2755211 E-mail [email protected]

52

S. J. Magdalinos PLC

P. O. Box 243 Telephone No. +25111 1550050/ 1112419 Fax No. +25111 1550310 E-mail [email protected]

53

Green Coffee Agro-IndustryPLC

54 S.M.S Private Limited Co.

P. O. Box112




Telephone No. +25111 4422924


55 Green Gold Ethiopia PLC


56 Winta International TradingPLC

P. O. Box 21561 Code 1000 Telephone No. +25111 552 6982/5517601


57

Wondo Trading PLC

P. O. Box 9515 Telephone No. +25111 5521009/5521458/5521457 Fax No. +25111 5513654 E-mail [email protected]

58 Zege PLC

P. O. Box182608 Telephone No. +25111 1573969


59 Oromia Coffee Farmers Cooperative Societies Union (OCFCSU) Ltd. P O Box 1394 Code 1110 Tel 251114673256/4673257 Mobile 251911226744/911234332 Fax 251114673262 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.oromiacoffeeunion.org

60 Sidama Coffee farmers Cooperative Union (CFCU) P O Box 122062 Tel 251114407165 Mobile 251911247326 Fax 251114407166 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.sidacoop.com

61 Yirga Cheffe Coffee Farmers Cooperative Union P O Box 112641 Tel 251114431774/4421613 Mobile 251911210468 E-mail [email protected] Website www.yirgacheffee-coffee.com

2. ETHIOPIAN PULSES, OILSEEDS & SPICES PROCESSORS EXPORTERS ASSOCIATION

LIST OF MEMBERS AND THEIR ADDRESSES9

No Name and Address No. Name and Address

1

AMAL TRADING CO. LTD

Tel. 251-011-1552512 251-091-1204170 Fax251-011-1550958 E-mail: [email protected]

P.O. Box 1486

2

MALIMA PLC.

Tel. 251111571998 251-011-1572001 251-091-1200080 Fax251111572005 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 13130

OMAR & AWAD BAOBED

Tel. 251-011-1562579/80 251-011-1563098

4

AJLI INT. TRADING PVT.LTD.CO.

Tel. 251115159090 251-091-1205338

9 Address of the Association: P O Box 8686, Tel. 251115156268; Fax. 251115156153; E-mail:

[email protected] Website: www.epofpea.com



3 251-091-1200120 Fax 251-011-1560394 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 1245

251-091-1195492 Fax251115158613 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 43439

5

BAJEBA PRIVATE LTD CO.

Tel. 251-011-2751545 251-011-4391544 251-091-1211202 Fax251-011-2754766 251-011-4391545 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 758

6

MANDURA ETHIOPIA

Tel. 251116639416 251-011-6639418 251-091-1214218 Fax251116639417

E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 25883

7

J.J. KOTHARI & CO.LTD

Tel. 251-011-4661155 251-091-1211024 Fax 251-011-4661122 E-mail: [email protected]

P.O. Box 171

8 ASNAKE ADDISSU NEGASH EXPORTER

Tel. 251115522068 251911221122/212903 Fax25111-5522067 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 10366

9

ANTYPAS & BROTHERS LTD

Tel. 251111551316/1123770

Fax 251-011-1550657 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 1606

10 COMELS TRADING Enterprise Pvt.Ltd.com.

Tel. 251-011-2754881 251-091-1205374 Fax 251112762623 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 1148

11 AMBASSEL TRADING HOUSE

Tel.251115533502/5525695/5526001 Fax251115505840/5515312

E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 12617

12 C.G.F BUSINESS GROUP Pr.Ltd.com.

Tel. 251114166268 251911212787/1372581

Fax 251114166270 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 23833 Code 1000

13 GUNA TRADING

Tel. 251-011-4652288/4650512 251-091-1208595 Fax 251-011-4654633 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 80316

14 ALPHA TRADING PARTNERS P.L.C.

Tel. 251115528084 251911203254 251911209450 Fax 251115528085 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 1617

15

DINA TRADING.PLC

Tel. 251-011-2776958 251-091-1212134 Fax251-011-2777579

E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] P.O. Box 9277

16 AGRO PROM INTERNATIONAL PLC.

Tel. 251115533090 251-091-1670040 Fax 251115533090 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box----

YAHIA SAYED OMAR (YSO)

18 ABDULSEMED TAKELE



17 Tel. 251-011-2751296/2770339/40 251-091-1205180/81 Fax251-011-2752911 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 4202

Tel. 251111558455 251-091-200127 Fax251111558461 E-mail: www.merkato.com/abdulemedexp.htm [email protected] P.O. Box 182992

19

AL - EMAN TRADING

Tel. 251-011-1114775 251-091-1204120 Fax2 51-011-1551664 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 14498

20

MULAT ABEGAZ GENERAL EXP. ENT.

Tel. 251111236717 251-091-1236208 251-091-1223159 Fax 251111236716 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 8486

21

ETHIOPIAN GRAIN TRADE ENT.P

Tel. 251-011-4663952/4665037 251-011-4650234/4652436 251-091-1207789

Fax 251-011-4655428 251-011-4652792 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 3321

22 CROWN TRADING Pvt.Ltd. Co.

Tel. 251-011-2763157/251-011-2771161 Fax 251-011-2763158/251-011-5533681 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 25741

23

ODA SHARE CO.

Tel. 251-011-1566953/54/52 251-091-1235473 Fax251-011-1552474 E-mail: www.odashco.com

[email protected] P.O. Box 34369

24 M.Y GLOBAL TRADING P.L.C.

Tel. 251116555188/251911205167 Fax251114669249 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] P.O. Box 57850

25

K.A.S.INT.TRADING

Tel. 251-011-1555869/12550144 00251-022-112 82 99 Nazreth 521-091-1204568 Fax 251-011-1560277 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] www.Kasethio.com

P.O. Box 50609

26 KALEB SERVICE FARMERS HOUSE P.L.C.

Tel. 251114393653

Fax251114393674 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 9594

27

WARKA TRADING P.L.C.

Tel. 251-011-1558121/91-1201217

Fax251-011-1551950 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 19639

28 SULULTA AGRO INDUSTRY

Tel. 251115540260/911250752 Fax251115540282 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] P.O. Box 25890 Code 1000

29

NAZRETH INT. TRADING CO.

Tel. 251116614950/911200295

Fax 251116624683

30 NILE SOURCE P.L.C

Tel. 251111113436/911200451/911204755 Fax 251111562171/2762211



/6611679 E-mail: nazreth.int. @ethionet.et P.O. Box 62402

E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box24400/17325

31 TAYE BELAY GEN.IMP/EXPORT

Tel. 251-011-2779630/31 251-091-1204014/91-1404475

Fax 251112779632 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box --

32 Kalu Transport Agriculture & In.Pr.Tr.En

Tel. 251116841621/911205102 Fax251116841622 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 26542

33

HAWAS AGRI BUSINESS PVT.LTD CO.

Tel. 251114431596/97/4402164/911207356

Fax251114431594 251-022-1114321 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 5723

34

Al-Impex Import-Export

Tel. 251116634400/01 Fax 251116630451 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 7185

35

ALI ABDU ALI IMPORT & EXPORT

Tel. 251114670202 251-091-1208066 Fax251114670203 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] P.O. Box 122646

36

Bedru and Family P.L.C

Tel. 251112799495/911-219376

Fax 251112799494 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] P.O. Box 57456

37

BEYEN TEKA GEN. IM/EX

Tel. 251116620813 251-091-1602012 Fax25111-6620813 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 32296

38 Labora International Trading PLC Tel 251-011-4665553/56 Fax 251-011-4665544

E-mail: [email protected] P O Box 13823

39 Hajuta Trading PLC Tel 25111 6621232/911 505195/911877313 Fax 251 011 6295785/86 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] P O Box: 170221

40

Kana Industry and Trading PLC

Tel. 251 011 1235198/1223522

Fax 251 011 1235197 E-mail: [email protected]

P O Box 12723

41 Smart Business Group PLC

Tel. 251 011 5527710/45

Fax 251 011 5518291 E-amil: [email protected] P O Box 6329

42

Daniel Dessalegn Mengistu

Tel. 251 0911665057/222033

Fax 251 011 5540648 E-mail: [email protected] P O Box 794

3. Vegetables and Fruit Exporters



4. Flower Exporters10

No. Name and Address No. Name and Address 1 Seit Agro PLC

Tel. +251115533684 Fax. +251115533685 E-mail:[email protected] P.O. Box:43382

2 Ziway Rose Tel. +251464414172 Fax. ---- E-mail:[email protected] P.O. Box: 386, Ziway

10 Ethiopian Horticulture Producers and Exporters Association; P O Box 22241 Code 1000 (A A); Tel.

251116636750/51; Fax. 251116636753 ; E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ehpea.org.et

No. Company Name and Address No. Company Name and Address

1 Ethiopian Horticulture Producer and Exporters Associations (EHPEA) Telephone:251-11-663 67 50/663 6751/ 911 254077 Fax: 251-11-663-67-53 P.O. Box: 22241 Code 1000 A.A E-mail: [email protected]

2 Eteco Plc. Telephone: 251-11-4162535/251-91-1220462 Fax: 251-11-663-67-29 P.O. Box: 5202 A.A E-mail: [email protected]

3

Upper Awash Agro-Industry Enterprise Telephone: 251-11-4671569 (AA) (251-22-1122688 Merti) 251 22 1122702 Fax: 251-11-4671633 (AA)/251-22-1122703 (Merti) P.O. Box: 12624 A.A E-mail: [email protected]

4 ILAN TOT Plc. Telephone: 251-91-142-3635 Fax: 251-11-656-9092 P.O. Box: 2451 Code 1250 E-mail:[email protected]

5 Ethiopian Fruits and Vegetable Marketing Share Company Telephone: 251-11-551 70 05/251-11-551 91 92/251-91-122 56 38 Fax: 251-11-551-64-83 P.O. Box: 2374 A.A E-mail: [email protected]

6 Afruta Fruit & Veg. Exporter Service Giving P.l.c… Telephone: +25 112 49 79/0911 573 40 99 Fax:---- P.O. Box: E-mail:

7 Horticultural Development Enterprise Telephone: 251-11-156-25-46/251-11-157-84-38/251-11-2550167 Fax: 251-11-157 07 14/251 11 15 78438 P.O. Box: 3896 A.A E-mail: [email protected]

8 Gurmed Fruit & Veg. Exporter Service Giving P.l.c. Telephone: 091 57 30 883 Fax: 251-111123982 P.O. Box:-- E-mail:--

9 Ethioflora P.L.C Telephone: 251-11-4660982/521-91-1125 40 77/251-91-1124 87 51 Fax: 251-11-466 09 80 P.O. Box: 602 A.A E-mail:[email protected]



3 Summit Agro Industry Tel. +251116604865/75 Fax. +251116604862 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box:17758

4 Red Fox Tel. +251221129250 Fax. +251221129253 E-mail:[email protected] P.O. Box:42, Modjo

5 Joy Tech plc Tel. +251114336123 Fax. +251114336122 E-mail:[email protected] P.O. Box:1901 code 1250

6 Holeta Roses Plc Tel. +251114671791 Fax. +251114671794 E-mail:[email protected] P.O. Box:----

7 Mnaye Flower Tel. +251113728667 Fax. +251113710627 E-mail:[email protected] P.O. Box:11048

8 Joe Flower Tel. +251116186460 Fax. +251116639033 E-mail:[email protected] P.O. Box:---

9 Maranque Plants plc Tel. +251221190727 Fax. ---- E-mail:[email protected] P.O. Box:------

10 Spirit plc Tel. +251116521210/11/12 Fax. +251116521214 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box:----

11 Derba Flower Tel. +251115540368 Fax. +251115540368 E-mail:[email protected] P.O. Box:40320

12 Super Arsitte Tel. +251115534696/99 Fax. +251115534697 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box: 28912

13 Golden Rose Tel. +251114669971 Fax. +251114669970 E-mail:[email protected] P.O. Box:19900

14 Top Flower Tel. +251115534696/99 Fax. +251115534697 E-mail:--- P.O. Box:---

15 J.J Kotari Tel. +251114661155 Fax. +251114661122 E-mail:[email protected] P.O. Box:171

16 A Flower Plc Tel. +251 115534696/99 Fax. +251115534697 E-mail:[email protected] P.O. Box: 28912

17 Ethio Agri Ceft Tel. +251116615608 Fax. +251116615573 E-mail:[email protected] P.O. Box:1006

18 Tabor Herbs Tel. +251115523581 Fax. ---- E-mail:------ P.O. Box:-----

19 MAM Trading Tel. +251114440280 Fax. +251114432010 E-mail:[email protected] P.O. Box: 120956

20 Ethiopian Horticultural Producers & Exporters Ass. Tel. +251636750/51 Fax. +251636753 E-mail:[email protected] P.O. Box: 22241code1000

21 Dire Highland Flower Tel. +251112772894 Fax. +251112772895 E-mail:[email protected] P.O. Box: 2492

5. Tanners, Footwear & Leather Products Manufacturers



No.

Company Name Address No Company Name Address

1 Abay Tannery Tel. 251 116 625911 Mob. 0911 Fax: 251 11 6625909 e-mail: [email protected] P. O. Box 2701 Code 1110 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2 Shifa Abdo Tannery Mob. 251-091-1404517

3 Addis Ababa Tannery S/C Tel. 251 011 1575311 Mob. 091/1201451 Fax: 251 011 1575307 e-mail: [email protected] P. O. Box 22498 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

4 Shoa Tannery Tel. 251 011 5533348 Mob. 091/1201013,223135,149010 Fax: 251 011 5517578 e-mail: [email protected] P. O. Box 26998 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

5 Bale Tannery Tel. 251 11 5539428 Mob. 091/1204924 Fax: 251 011 5536593 e-mail: [email protected] P. O. Box 1862 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

6

Walia Tannery Tel. 251 011 4422367 Mob. 091/1207331 Fax: 251 011 4421777 e-mail: [email protected] P. O. Box 8187

7 Bahr Dar Tannery Tel. 251 011 5159040 Mob. 091/1200997 Fax: 251 011 5159050 e-mail: [email protected] P.O.Box 482 Code 1110 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

8

Abysiniya Leather Garments Tel. 251-011-5526898 Mob.251-091-1230527 Fax. 251-011-4655331

e-mail: [email protected] P.O.BOX :3182 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

9 Batu Tannery Tel. 251 011 4421451/52 Mob. 091/1212801 Fax: 251 011 4421454 e-mail: [email protected] P. O. Box 1273 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

10

Ethio-Sung Bine Leather Garments Tel. 251-011-5531332 Mob.251-091-1227097 Fax: 251-011-5510344 e-mail:

[email protected] P.O.Box: 2641 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

1 Blue Nile Tannery Tel: 251 011 2380816 Mob. 091/1206130 Fax: 251 011 2380600 e-mail: [email protected] P. O. Box 9339 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

12 Genuine Leather Crafts PLC Tel. 251 115 531894 Mob. 251 911 217284 Fax 251 115 518841 e-mail: [email protected] P.O.Box 2218 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

13

Colba Tannery Tel: 251 011 4168759 Fax: 251 011 4168760 Mob. 251-091-1210754 e-mail: [email protected] P.O.Box:

14

Jonzo Leather Garments Tel.251-011-6621508/09 Mob.251-091-1204240 Fax:251-011-6621510

e-mail: [email protected] P.O.Box:24696 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

15 Combolcha Tannery S/C Tel. 251 011 5514075 Fax: 251 011 5518098 P.O.Box 2516 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

16

Modern Zege Leather Garments Tel. 251 –011-5157279/ 91-1208767 Fax: 251-011-5511187 e-mail:

[email protected] P.O.BOX :1035 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

17 Debre Brehan Tannery Tel. 251 011 5516906 Mob. 091/1204531 Fax: 251 011 5157114 e-mail: [email protected] P. O. Box 5557 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

18 Anbessa Shoe S/C Tel. 251-011-2754269 Mob.251-091- 1205229 Fax: 251-011-2756335

e-mail: [email protected] P.O.Box: 1641 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

19 Desse Tannery Tel. 251 011 5514075 Fax: 251 011 5518098 e-mail: [email protected] P.O.Box 13405 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

20 Berehe Assefa Shoe Factory Tel 251 0 111223137 Fax 251 0 111223434 Mob. 0911 117384

21 Dire Industries 22 Gamb Shoe Trading & Industry



Tel. 251 011 2756443 Mob. 091/1201155 Fax: 251 011 2752455 e-mail; [email protected] P. O. Box 2492Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Tel.251112132145 Mob.251911 220231 Fax. 251 112132145 e-mail: [email protected]

23 Ethio-Leather Industry PLC (ELICO) Tel. 251 011 4655152 Fax: 251 011 4655151 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] P. O. Box 9281 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

24

Jamaica Shoe Factory Tel. 251-011-1564280 Mob. 251-011-1204524 Fax: 251-011-1553114


25 Ethiopia Tannery S/C Tel. 251 011 5513691 Mob. 091/1202383 Fax: 251 011 5512822 e-mail: [email protected] P. O. Box 5628 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

26 Kangaroo Shoe Factory Tel. 251 011 4421451/52 Mob. 091/1212801 Fax: 251 011 4421454 e-mail: [email protected] P. O. Box 1273 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

27 Gellan Tannery Tel. 251 1 11 1574701 0911 205562 Fax. 251 1 11 1574702 e-mail: [email protected]

28

Melese Teka shoe Factory

Tel.215-011-2751877 Fax: 215-011-2751877

29 Hafde Tannery Tel. 251 011 1564640 Mob. 091/1219331 Fax: 251 011 1551428 e-mail: [email protected] P. O. Box 4411 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

30

Peacock shoe Factory Tel. 251-011-2756443 Fax:251-011-2752455

e-mail: [email protected]

31 Hora Tannery Tel. 251 011 4339575 Mob. 091/1201385 Fax: 251 011 4339733 e-mail: [email protected] P. O. Box 472 Debrezeit, Ethiopia

32 Ramsie Shoe Factory Tel. 251-011-2753728 Fax: 251-011-1550530

e-mail: [email protected]

P.O.Box: 182807 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

33 Mesaco Global Tel. 251-011-1568119 Mob.251-091-1212678 Fax: 251-011-1568127

e-mail: [email protected] P.O.Box; 6656 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

34

Ras Dashen Shoe Factory Tel. 251-011-6293432 Fax: 251-011-6294162 P.O.Box 22723 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

35 Modjo Tannery Tel. 251 011 5514856, 0344408424 Mob. 091/1201907 Fax: 251 011 5513525, 0344408423 e-mail: [email protected] P. O. Box 3 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

36

Tikur Abaay Shoe S/C Tel. 251-011-2701803 Mob. 251-091-1205527 Fax: 251-011-2704050


37 Sheba Tannery Tel.251 011 5513335 Mob. 0911 230737 Fax: 251 011 5513432 e-mail: [email protected] P.O.Box 18313 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

38 Wallia Shoe Factory Tel. 251-011-4422369 Fax: 251-011-4421777 e-mail:

[email protected]

Ethiopian Tanners, Footwear and Leather Products Manufacturing association (Full Address)

Tel: 251-011-5156144/Mob. 251-091-1408596 Fax:251-011-5508935

Email:[email protected]/[email protected] Web site: www.elia.org.et P.O.Box 12898 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

6. Natural Forest and Forest Products Exporters' Addresses



No. Name and Address No. 1 Natural Gum Product and Marketing

Organization Tel. +25111 5518825/5527082/5518813 Fax. +251115518110 P.O.Box 62322 A.A. E-mail: [email protected]

2. Ambasel Plc Tel. +251115525695 +251911202475 Fax.+251115515312/5505840 P.O. Box 12617 A.A E-mail: [email protected]

3 Guna Trading House Plc. Tel. +251114650482/4652288 +251911212403 Fax. +251114654633 P.O.Box80316 A.A E-mail: [email protected]

4. Durale Nesredin Plc. Tel. +251112752572 +251911236056 Fax. +2512756261 P.O.Box12617 A.A. E-mail: -

5 Bwap Plc. Tel. +251116626362 +251911217266 Fax. +251116639633/6626363 P.O. Box 1980/1110 A.A E-mail: [email protected]

6. Abebaye Clering Plc. Tel. +251911212403 Fax. +25111 5530796 P.O.Box5304 AA E-mail: [email protected]

7 Handa International Plc Tel. +251 6635056/ +251911 202475 Fax. +251116635057 P.O. Box 18009 AA E-mail: [email protected]

7 Cotton Exporters

NO. Company Name and Address No. Company Name and Address 1 Amibara Development Enterprise

Tel.251115511765 251911614625 Fax. 251115150040 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box 182665

2 Middle Awash Development Enterprise Tel. 25122456013 251911291895 Fax. --- E-mail:[email protected] P.O. Box: ----

3 Africa Global Enterprise Tel. 251116627897 251911216144 Fax. 251116627893 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box:-----

4 Segel General Trading Tel. 251111571690 251911204373 Fax. 251111571692 E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box:-----

8. Exporters of Meat11


11 Ethiopian Meat Producers-Exporters Association; Tel. 251116628292; E-mail: [email protected]



1 Elfora Agro Industries PLC Tel. 251911203141 Fax. 251116620208 E-mail:--- P.O. Box: 2500

2 Mojo Modern Export Kera PLC Tel. 251911253447 Fax251115537879 E-mail:--- P.O.Box:---

3 Luna Export Slaughter PLC Tel. 251911211271 Fax. 251115150336 E-mail:--- P.O.Box:----

4 Helmex-Hashim Nuru Tel. 251115644/05/07/08 (?) Fax. ---- E-mail:---- P.O.Box:----

9. Live Animal Exporters


1. SHAG import export enterprise Tel. 251115537877

251911208922/228132 Fax. +25111537888 E-mail:-- P.O. Box: 56169 A.A

2. Abdurahman Umer Abdi general import & export Tel. 251116632699/6632700/911-406176 Fax. +251-11-6610990

E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box: 9664 A.A

3.

TAKEM Agro industry Tel. 251115511070/911247555 Fax. +25111513388


4. Derman Animal Trade, Export & Feed Production Co-operative Union Tel. Fax. E-mail: P.O. Box:

5.

I.T.A Agro industry plc. Tel.251111551860/1112786/911216976 Fax. +251-11-1551860


6. Ayele Tezera livestock fattening & exporter Tel. 251114663749/ 463312836/911344977 Fax.---

E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box: 223 Dilla

7. Aminat Nuru import & export enterprise Tel. 251112782026/911401224 Fax. +251-11-2782026


8. T.Z.M livestock fattening & exporter Tel. 251911-893703 Fax.--

E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box:-----

9.

Dr.Tefera Hailu exporter Tel. 251911344820 Fax. +251-11-5530320

E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box: --

10.

Gasco Trading P.L.C. Tel. 251115513337/5512943/911-201172 Fax. +251-11-5531865

E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box:----

11. Kalied Ahmed Importer & exporter Tel. 251221128231/221128232/911220013 Fax. +251-221-118230 E-mail:--- P.O. Box:----

12. MED - TEK Ethiopia Tel. 251115512186/911200508 Fax. +251111551382

E-mail: [email protected] P.O. Box:---



10. TEXTILE & GARMENT MANUFACTURERS12

No. Organization No. Organization 1 Awassa Textile Share Company

Fax. Q11-5-514-984/5-514984 Tel. 011-5-51-89-00 E-mail: habibnarin@awassa textile com.

2 Kebre Enterprises Private Limitted Fax. 011-5-520-677/0115525029 Tel. 011-5-52-05-75 0344420502/01/03 E-mail: [email protected]

3 Diradawa Textile Factory Fax. 251-5-110-582/11-5-512-711 Tel. 011-5-51-07-91 0911645379 011-5-51-68-56/091164-5379 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

4 Ambassador Garment Fax. 011-6-461-442 Tel. 0116461427 E-mail: amb garment @ ethionet

5 Arbaminch Textile Factory Fax. Q46-8-81Q4-Q4 Tel. 011-5-53-50-38/011-5-535035/37 E-mail:

6 Haile Garment Fax.---- Tel. 0911-20-62-43/0116532992 E-mail: [email protected]

7 Kombolcha Textile Factory Fax. Q11-5-511-771 Tel. 011-5-51-37-97 E-mail: [email protected]

8 Nazerette Garment Fax. 022-1-111-733/0114405279 Tel. 0221113361/0911207836 E-mail:-----

9 Ethio-Japan Nylon Textile Factory Fax. Q11-5-515-Q77 Tel. 011-5-51-34-76 E-mail: [email protected]

10 Knit to finish Garment P. L. C. Fax. 011-4-345-779/450039 Tel. 0911-202-271/0911201608 0114450038 E-mail: garment exp@ethionet com.

11 Akaki Textile Factory Fax. Q11-4-341-666 Tel. 011-4-34-01-40 E-mail:

12 African Cottons Private Limited Fax. 011-4-404-865 Tel. 011-4-40-48-64 E-mail: [email protected]

13 Bahirdar Textile Factory Fax. Q11-5-512-747 Tel. 011-5-53-13-81 E-mail: [email protected]

14 Mulate Garment Fax. 011-4-403-614 Tel. 011-4-40-36-15/0911406833 E-mail: [email protected]

15 Almada Textile Factory Fax. Q11-5-517-442 Tel. 011-5-51-59-68 E-mail:

16 Woynu curtain Trade Fax. 011-5-509-067 Tel. 011-5-50-90-65/0911206844 0115509068 E-mail:

17 Ediget Yarm Factory Fax. Q11-3-713-855 Tel. 011-1-23-63-00/011-1-23-63-20 E-mail: edgetgar @ethio net

18 Wasse Garment Fax. 011-5-517-722 Tel. 0911-405016 /809529 E-mail: wwhdk@ aol.com

19 Adye-Ababa Yarm Factory Fax. Q11-5-514-42Q/44Q5-12Q Tel. 011-4-42-06-18/ 0911-245816 E-mail:

20 Best Garment Fax. 011-5-517-722/0115539273 Tel. 0911-682-386 E-mail: [email protected]

21 Akaki Garment Factory Fax. Q11-4-34Q-222 Tel. 011-4-34-01-54 E-mail:

22 Unis Garment Fax. 011-5-443-447 Tel. 011-5-44-34 50/52 E-mail: [email protected]

23 Addis Garment Factory 24 Zaytso Business Group

12 Ethiopian Textile and Garment Manufacturers Association; Tel. 251114421754; Fax. 251114421753; E-

mail: [email protected]



Fax. Q11-3-71Q-Q77 Tel. 011-1-22-17-91 E-mail:

Fax. 011-1-560-384 Tel. 0911-232-796 E-mail:

25 Gulale Garment Factory Fax. Q11-2-7Q2-953 Tel. 011-2-70-20-05/2-702266 E-mail:

26 Sony Garment Fax. 011-1-560-384 Tel. 0911-235-402 E-mail:

27 Debra Birhane Blanket Factory Fax. Q11-5-513-Q8Q Tel. 011-5--51-35-80 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

28 Ties Garment P.L.C. Fax. 011-5-517-304 Tel. 011-5-53-19-94/0911-623-600 E-mail: [email protected]

29 Mehere Fiber Products Factory Fax. Q11-4-34Q-201 Tel. 011-4-34-03-12/4-341240 E-mail: [email protected]

30 Creative Textile Ethiopia p.l.c Fax. 0114422388 Tel. 0114422366/422358 0911635694 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

31 Ethiopia Fiber Products Factory Fax. Q11-4-34Q-338 Tel. E-mail:

32 OASIS Abyssina Garment Fax. 0114422072 Tel. 0911204884/0114404898 E-mail: [email protected]

33 Trio craft Garment P.L.C. Fax. Q11-6-661-44Q Tel. 0911-641-949/0114400752/440075 E-mail: kassaelsaohot @mail com. akmoussie @hotmail.com

34 Feleke Garment Fax. 0115514139 Tel. 0911203033 E-mail: [email protected]

35 G.G Super Garment Factory Fax. 011-6-293-123 Tel. 0911-21-11-35 E-mail: [email protected]

36 Waw Fashion Fax. 0115510334 Tel. 0911200612/0116520218 0911628530 E-mail: [email protected]

37 Progress Garment Factory Fax. Q11-6-46Q-857/6460917 Tel. 0911-20-22-31/011-6460917 011-6515856 E-mail: Pgt@ethio net.et

38 Nova Star Fax. 251116638279 Tel. 0116638282/0116-520377/6 0911-037403 E-mail:

39 D.H Geda Blanket Factory Fax. 011-4-34-41-80 Tel. 011-4-34-41-81/0114434302 0911874886 E-mail: [email protected]

40 Sara Abera Desgin and Factory Fax. 0116-613375/0111-234016 Tel. 0911203580/0116611687 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

41 Edget Garment P.L.C Fax. 011-1-224502 Tel. 011-1-23-63-20/011-1-23-63-00 0911204114/0911684157 E-mail: [email protected]

42 Bezawit Asmelash Import and Exporter Fax. ---- Tel. 0911-669924 0114-422706 E-mail: [email protected]

43 Ras Dashen Textile & Garment Factory Fax. 011-6-294-162 Tel. 0114421365/74/58/ 0911-718-224 E-mail: [email protected]

44 GMM Garment P.L.C Fax. 0115-528170/4162536 Tel. 0116-522872/73 0911-207981 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

45 Millium General clothing Private Limited Fax. 011-5-506-595 Tel. 011-5-50-65-76/0911220794 0115506578

46 Concert International Ethiopia Fax. 0116-630614 Tel. 0116-615586/ 0114-404624



E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] 47 Etab Enter Garment

Fax. 011-5-511-662 Tel. 011-3-20-35-44/011523691 0115512106 E-mail: [email protected]

48 KK Textile Factory Fax. 0114-342682 Tel. 0114-342675/76/81 0911-210694 E-mail:------

49 Zefmesh Garment Private Limited Fax. 011-1-553-927/011-6-463-835 Tel. 0911-219396 E-mail: [email protected]

11. Other Agricultural Related Companies which Export and which have Export Potential

No

Name of The Company Type of product No Name of the Company Type of

product

1 Ethiopian Spices Extraction Factory Tel 011-4428000/4421829 Fax 011-4423633; A.A

Olioresein 2 Ethio-Agri Safe PLC Tel 011-6615392 Fax 011-6615573; AA

Tea

3 Wonji Shoa Sugar Factory Tel 022-2200001/2201400 Fax 022-2200977 Wonji

Sugar 4 Fafa Food Share Company Tel011-4405713 A.A Kaliti

flour

5 Metehara Sugar Factory Tel 011-5519700 Fax 022-1113747 Metehara

Sugar 6 Grano doro Flour & Macarony Factory Tel 011- 439092/4391837 Fax 011- 4390924 A.A Kaliti

Macaroni

7

Fichaa Sugar Factory

Tel 011-5512577 Fax 057-6641015; Finchaa

Sugar 8 Bashenfer plc Tel 011-1551305/1573160 Fax 011-1550924 A.A.

Roasted coffee

9 Harrar Beer Share Company Tel 025-6660385/6660267/6660639 Fax 025-6661555/011-4666715 Harrar

Beer 10 East African Group plc (East African Flour Factory) Tel 011- 3711400/3201263 Fax 011-3727489/3711408,A.A.

Flour

11 Bedele Beer Share company Tel 047-4450148/446147/011-4651193/0114661870/011474450499

Fax 047-4451006/4411946,Bedele

Beer 12 Green Star Food plc Tel 011-4336018/4390924 Fax 011-4336019; AA

Processed fruits and vegetables

13 Meta Abo beer Share company Tel 011-5153955 Fax 011-5517899/1565735, AA

Beer 14 Zege Agriculture & ago-Industry Tel 011-5517719; A.A.

15 Ambo Mineral Water Factory Tel 011-5517333 Fax 011-5516252; AA

Ambo Mineral water

16 Awash Winery S.C. Tel 011-3711010 Fax 011-3711738, AA

Beer



17

B.G.I. Ethiopia /Beer/

Tel 011-5510677/5511163 Fax 011-5511711 A. A

Beer 18 Ambrosia Honey & Beewax plc Tel 011-1571088/1571061/1571058

Fax 011- 1571186, A.A

Honey and

Beewax

19 Upper Awash Agro Industry /Merti Vegetable and Fruits Processing Plant/ Tel 022-1122702 022-1122707/1122708 Fax 022-1122703;Oromia

20 Melge Wendo (Alfora Agro- Industry) Tel 011-3206600 Fax 011-3206561/3206562 Merti

21 Sebta Agro- Industry Tel 011-1566685/5523127 Fax 011-5519856/5523099, AA

22 Universal Food Complex Tel 011- 4393639 Fax 011- 4393961, AA

23 Diredawa Food Complex S.Co. Tel 025-1114020/4654214 Fax 025-1110400 Diredawa Or A.A.

Pasta, macaroni,

etc.

24 Afia Food Complex Tel0911-205171 Fax 011-2754522

25 Green P.L.C. Tel 0911-201871 AA

26 Nas Foods Factory plc Tel 011- 6512416/6635253

AA

27 Kaliti Food Share Company Tel 011-4390144 Fax 011-4391925 A.A Kaliti

Biscuits, Pasta, etc.

28

Alem Honey processing Industry-

Tel 011-5512149/6514687 033-4421573

Honey

29 Hailu Tesema Enjera Production Enterprise Tel - 0911-487359

Enjera

12. Tea Exporters Address No. Name and Address of Exporter No. Name and Address of Exporter 1 Ethio Agri Ceft

Tel. 251116615608/6615392/3202393 Fax: 251116637782/3712229 Contact Person: Mr Yilma Yemaneberhan P O Box 2520 Mobile: E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

3 Muzemil Mohammed Ahmed Tel. 251112750248 Fax 251112750248 Mobile: 251911206076 P O Box 18654 Contact Person: Mr Muzemil Mohammed E-mail:[email protected]

2 East Africa Agri Business Tel. 251113201263/3711400/3727713/3729496 /3721180/3716668/3727118/3727491 Fax: 251113711407 P O Box 6267 Mobile Contact Person: Mr Bizu Ayehu Tadele E-mail:[email protected]



Annex III. Modes of Payment and External Trade Related Financial

Regulation

The National Bank of Ethiopia pursuant to authority vested in it by Article 39 (1) and (2) of

the Monetary and Banking Proclamation No. 83/1994 authorizes Commercial Banks to

handle imports and exports excluding coffee and provide associated services against

submission of the required documents by the importer and exporter. Commercial Banks

shall approve imports for any values; but values of USD 1,000,000 and above are subject to

open international competitive bidding backed by relevant documents.

1. Imports

1.1 Imports by Letter of Credit (L/C)

The required documents to be submitted by an importer under L/C are:-

a) An application form duly completed, signed and sealed.

b) Three copies of Performa invoices showing clearly full description of goods,

including quantity, grade, quality, volume, measurement, weight, mode of

shipment, terms of payment, unit and total price of the goods at a named place

of delivery.

c) Photocopy of valid trade licenses for foreign trade, investment or industry.

d) Insurance certificate from licensed local insurance company.

e) Clearance certificate from NBE that he/she settled its outstanding commitment.

1.2 Restrictions

An importer cannot import the under listed goods unless specifically indicated in their trade

licenses in accordance with "Federal Government Commercial Registration and Licensing

Council of Ministers Regulation No. 67/1997" Article 17(2):

a) coffee;

b) pharmaceuticals or veterinary medicines;

c) medical appliances;

d) forestry products;

e) wild animals and birds;

f) agricultural, industrial and construction machinery, mechanical appliances and

motor vehicles;



g) minerals;

h) chemicals;

i) petroleum and petroleum products; and

j) other goods for which a certificate of competence must be obtained from the

pertinent government institution, in order to prevent damage to public health,

safety and the national economy.

1.3 Imports by Cash Against Document (CAD) at sight

Importers who wish to import goods on cash against documents (CAD) at sight basis are

required to submit:-

a) A purchase order, Performa invoice and valid trade licenses for foreign trade,

investment or industry;

b) One copy of local insurance certificate,

c) Application form duly completed, signed and sealed together with the following

documents:

i) Three copies of chamberized invoices

ii) Two copies of certificate of origin

iii) Full sets of shipping documents (i.e. Bill of lading, airway bill, truck

manifest, railway bill, couriers etc. and carrier invoice) to indicate the actual

freight charges.

iv) Clearance certificate from NBE that he/she has settled its commitment.

1.4 Imports by Advance Payment

Importers who wish to import goods by advance payment are required to submit a letter of

undertaking for the entry of the goods into the country in addition to the documents

indicated under above. The amount to be approved for advance payment shall not exceed

USD 5,000. In case an importer wishes to make transfer exceeding USD 5,000, he/she

should submit foreign bank guarantee confirmed by local banks. However, bank guarantee

requirement is not applicable for non-transferable (NT) account holders.

1.5 Other Requirements

In addition to the provisions stipulated above, the following are also required:-

a) Ministry of Health certificate if the imports of goods are medicines and other

related medical equipment.



b) Ministery of Agriculture certificate for the import of agricultural chemical and

veterinary medicines.

c) Quality and Standard Authority Certificate for import of goods such as food,

matches, nails, galvanized corrugated sheets, scales etc which require

standardization.

d) Road Transport Authority approval as per Road Transport Regulation

Proclamation No. 14/1992" Article 7(3).

e) A copy of a loan or grant agreement concluded between Government Agencies

and Foreign Financing Organizations.

1.6 Franco-Valuta Imports

A. Eligibility

a) Pursuant to the "Importation of Machinery and Goods on Franco-Valuta

basis Council of Ministers Regulations No, 8/1996", the following may be

allowed to be imported on Franco-Valuta basis:

I. Machinery and goods imported by government institutions with

financial assistance of donation from foreign governments,

international organizations and donor agencies for programs and

projects that have obtained prior approval through agreements entered

into with the government;

II. Goods imported by international organization, donor agencies,

diplomatic and consular missions;

III. Machinery and goods imported by foreign investors having license

from the appropriate government institution and Ethiopian investors,

permanently residing abroad, for their investment activities and for

personal use;

IV. Goods imported for personal and family use, pursuant to directives

issued by the Federal Revenue Board, by returning Ethiopians having

stayed abroad on business, for education and various purposes or as

refugees;

V. Awards obtained by individuals and organizations for outstanding

achievements in sports, arts and other similar activities.



b) Exporters who import on Franco-Valuta basis for the purpose of exporting

having the written approval of NBE.

c) Commercial Banks shall allow exporting firms importing inputs from

collaborating foreign partners without paying foreign exchange having the

written approval of NBE.

d) Commercial Banks are allowed to open usance import L/Cs for exporters

with confirmed L/Cs.

B. Requirements

Commercial Banks shall allow Franco-Valuta imports to the applicant subject to the

presentation of the following documents:

a) Franco-Valuta application duly completed and signed by an applicant in three

copies.

b) Shipping documents such as bill of lading, airway bill, truck manifest, railway

bill and couriers, as the case may be.

c) If the duty free imported items are to be sold locally the concerned parties

have to submit sales agreement.

d) 2% service charge shall be levied based on Customs Authority value

estimation slip with the exception of Article -a-i, a-ii and a-iii under the

Franco-Valuta sub-section above.

1.7 Importation of Used Goods

Commercial Banks shall allow foreign exchange for importation of used goods except

clothing and other items included in the customs negative list upon submission of the

following documents in addition to the requirements stipulated above as the case may be.

a) A copy of valid trade licenses for import, investment or industry, as the case

may be.

b) Duly signed Performa invoice from overseas suppliers showing full description

of the goods including type, model, date of manufacture, FOB value and freight

cost separately, terms of payment and validity date.

c) In case of used vehicles ownership certificate (Libre) from the country of

purchase.

d) Chamberized documents showing full description of the goods including type,

model, date of manufacture, and original purchase price from parties other than



the seller. The FOB value of used vehicles, machineries, equipments etc to be

imported shall not exceed the maximum value indicated under the annexed table

(annex 1) with respect of service year.

1.8 Imports through suppliers' credit

Commercial Banks shall, on the basis of approval of NBE, allow eligible applicants

to import goods under suppliers' credit in accordance with the existing Directives

for suppliers' Credit.

1.9 Imports through external loans

Commercial Banks shall, on the basis of NBE's directive governing external loans,

allow eligible applicants to import goods in accordance with the existing Directive

for External Loans.

1.10 Imports by diplomatic bodies, other international organizations and their

officials

i. Imports for their own consumption by diplomatic and other international

organizations of equal status and their officials may be paid by the debit of

their Non-Resident Transferable Birr Account or Non-resident Foreign

Currency Account.

ii. Where they do not maintain Non-Resident Transferable Birr or Foreign

Currency account they shall be treated in the same way as other importers.

1.11 Commodity Classification

Commercial Banks shall give import permits on Harmonization system (HS)

commodity classification bases for different categories of goods.

1.12 Import Transit

a) Foreign Exchange to meet transit expenses incurred outside Ethiopia affected

on C & F and C.I.F. shall be availed provided that the application for foreign

exchange is accompanied by two copies of application forms duly completed,

signed and sealed, transit invoice, final supplier's invoice, customs declaration,

customs receipt, railway bill, truck manifest and airway bill.

b) Where the requirement of presentation of documents to Commercial Banks to

prove entry of goods into Ethiopia precedes request for transit expenses, the



application for foreign exchange shall be accompanied only by transit invoice

and a clearance certificate from NBE.

1.13 Import Freight

Commercial Banks shall allow foreign expense for import upon submission of the

following documents:

a) Two copies of application forms duly completed signed and sealed,

b) Freight invoices,

c) Suppliers' invoice,

d) Bill of loading or airway bill.

1.14 Import other charges

Commercial Bank shall avail foreign exchange for imports to cover other charges

such as port dues, port handling fee, storage upon submission of the following

documents:

a) a letter of request duly completed, signed and sealed in two copies,

b) valid agreement signed between an importer and a beneficiary,

c) invoice,

d) in case of demurrage charges, the documents indicated under 5.14(a) and (c)

above and the "lay time calculation sheet" are required.

1.15 Re-insurance premium

Commercial Banks shall avail foreign exchange to authorized insurance companies

for payment of re-insurance premium upon submission of the following

documents:

a) a letter of request together with an agreement signed between the insurance

company and the re-insurer in two copies,

b) insurance license approved by NBE,

c) debit note or statement of accounts, as the case may be.

1.16 Foreign currency against foreign currency

Commercial Banks shall allow foreign residents/tourists to covert foreign cash

notes of one currency to another currency of cash notes upon presentation of two



copies of applications duly completed and signed together with passport, valid visa

and air ticket.

1.17 Ex-post Verification of Documents

Commercial Banks shall ensure that all documents processed with regard to import

transactions are kept in order to that NBE will undertake ex-post verification of the

documents in compliance with the existing trade and exchange regulations. Moreover, the

NBE undertakes the following activities:-

a) Price verifications of imported goods on a sample basis to forestall under

and/or over invoicing.

b) Verifies tender documents of import of goods for public enterprise,

government organization etc on a sample basis whenever necessary.

1.18 Validity

a) Import Applications

Import application shall be valid for 120 days from the date of issue. The

Commercial Bank may, for good cause, grant a maximum of 30 days.

b) Applications for import transit, import freight and other charges

The applications for import transit, import freight, insurance premium and

other charges shall be valid during the month of issue only.

1.19 Amendments

Commercial Banks may for good cause amend import applications allowed at their

end.

1.20 Cancellation of imports

If an importer wishes to cancel the approved imports, he/she is required to submit

the full set of documents which were originally approved by a Commercial Bank

for onward submission to NBE.

2 Exports

2.1 Export of Valuable Goods

No person natural or juridical, may export, or enter into any commitment to export valuable

goods without the prior approval of the authorized bank and unless there are payment



instruments which secure the payment to be expected or the exporter undertakes to

surrender the resultant sales proceeds in foreign exchange to an authorized bank either

before the actual export, at the time of export or within a period of not later than three

months or within such other period that the NBE may from time to time prescribe for any

class of exports or for any particular export.

2.2 Payment for export

All payment for valuable goods shall be made in foreign exchange by the debit of a

"Non-Resident Transferable Birr of Foreign Currency Account" maintained

with Commercial banks by their correspondent banks abroad.

2.3 Exports by commercial banks

Commercial banks are authorized to allow exports other than coffee under the

following mode of payments:

2.3.1 Letter of credit

i) at sight

ii) on acceptance

2.3.2 Cash Against Document

i) at sight

ii) on acceptance

2.3.3 Consignment

2.3.4 Advance payment received in the form of:-

i) at sight

ii) on acceptance

2.4 Bills of Lading for exports to be made out in the name of a local bank

1. Not withstanding any agreement to the contrary, bills of loading, airway bill or an

other document evidencing shipment of goods from Ethiopia to any destination

abroad shall be made out to the order of a bank duly licensed to operate in

Ethiopia or the opening bank abroad for payments arrangement on letter of

credit and cash against document. However, bill of lading can be issued in the

name of the buyer or his/her agent for the following payment arrangements:

i) Advance payment

ii) Consignment



2. Exporters or forwarding Agents shall indicate in their shipping instruction to the

shipping companies or ship agents the name of the bank in whose favor the

documents to be made out or the buyer who would receive the consignment in

whose name the bill of loading, airway bill or any other equivalent document

shall be issued in respect of the valuable goods to be shipped.

3. Upon receipt of the bills of loading or the equivalent documents issued in

respect of the shipment of goods entrusted to them for export, forwarding or

shipping agents shall, under their responsibility, deliver them to the bank in

Ethiopia to whose order the shipping documents were issued.

2.5 Repatriation of export proceeds

Commercial banks bear the responsibility for ensuring that export proceeds for all

export permits approved are repatriated into the country within 90 days from the

date of issue of export permits for all mode of payments applicable. Banks have to

make follow-ups and exercise a reasonable care and take measures to insure timely

repatriation of proceed.

2.6 Restrictions

The under listed goods shall not be approved for export unless specifically

enumerated in the exporter's trade license.

i) Forestry products

ii) Wild animals and birds

iii) Minerals

iv) Other goods for which a certificate of competence must be obtained from the

pertinent government institutions in order to prevent damage to the public

health, safety and the national economy.

2.7 Exports under Letter of Credit

A. Commercial banks shall allow exports for goods to be exported abroad other

than coffee against submission of the following documents:

a) valid foreign trade license for export

b) copy of authenticated L/C

c) 5 copies of Customs Declaration duly completed, signed and sealed.

d) 6 copies of Banks Declarations duly completed, signed and sealed.



e) 2 copies of invoice duly completed, signed and sealed. The invoices could be

chamberized as the case may be.

f) A copy of sales contract.

B. Terms of payment applicable under Letter of Credit

i) L/C payment at sight

Commercial banks shall allow exports for goods to be exported abroad on

irrevocable and/or confirmed letter of credit basis.

ii) Payment on L/C acceptance basis

Commercial banks shall allow exports for goods to be exported abroad on

L/C acceptances basis provided:

a) The payment shall be secured by irrevocable confirmed Letter of Credit

advised through a local bank.

b) The acceptance period shall be contained within the L/C validity date

and is coherent to the 90 days repatriation time allowed.

c) The maximum allowable time for the L/C acceptance shall be 60 days.

2.8 Exports on Cash Against Document (CAD)

Commercial banks shall allow exports for goods to be exported abroad on CAD on

sight or on acceptance basis provided:

a) All documents indicated under item 2.7 (a and c-f),

b) Clearance issued by NBE for each export permit to be issued by commercial

banks is attached.

c) The repatriation of the foreign exchange value is to be secured within 90 days

from the date of the issue of export permit.

d) The exporter shall take a full undertaking in writing stating its obligation to

repatriate the amount involved in the permit issued.

e) The maximum allowable amount for a single permit shall not exceed USD

30,000 however, the ceiling of USD 30,000 may be exceeded depending on the

credibility of buyers and viability of the sales terms; and subsequent permit shall

only be issued upon full repatriation of the allowable amount.

f) With the ceiling of USD 30,000 (Thirty Thousand) approved for single permit,

set under (e) above, exporters shall have access to the remaining balance.

2.9 Exports under advance payment



Exporters who wish to obtain export applications under Advance Payments are

required to submit the following documents:

a) All documents indicated under item 2.7 (a and c-f) required.

b) Evidence of foreign currency receipt advised through banks.

2.10 Exporters on consignment basis

Exporters who wish to obtain export applications on consignment basis are

required to submit the following documents:-

a) All documents indicated under item 2.7 (a and c-f) are required.

b) The consignment sales are applicable to perishable items such as fruits, cut

flowers, meat, live animals, molasses and others as may be approved by the

NBE.

2.11 Exports with partial shipment

Banks shall issue separate partial shipment vouchers along wit the original export

permit to enable exporters process customs formalities and to show that the

foreign exchange payment for the exports of each partial shipment is covered by

one of the payment systems eligible.

2.12 Dispatching returns (Copies of Permits and Tickets)

Commercial banks are strictly required to send copies of returns to NBE, Foreign

Exchange Monitoring Department in weekly basis every Monday 10 o'clock in the

morning.



Annex IV: Outline for Product Market Research

1. Product Description

• General Description

• Technical Specification

• Uses

• Availability, export potential, etc. in Ethiopia

• Supply volume

• Quality

• Availability of Samples

• Existing Defects (if any)

2. Research Methodology

• Sources of and types of data and information

• Methods of data collection

• Techniques of analysis

• Time and resource requirements

3. Potential Market Opportunities and Market Segments

• Market structure

• Size of the market, growth potential and future trends

• Short and medium term growth forecasts

• Consumption patterns

• Tastes and Preferences of consumers



• Sources of supply to the market (import, domestic production, sources of

imports, etc.)

• Niche markets and potential market segments for Ethiopian exporters

4. Actual and Potential Competitors to Ethiopian Exporters to that Market

• Market share, supply volume and participation of the competition in the market

• Pricing, quality standard, entry channels, packaging methods of competitors

• Promotional and marketing strategies of competitors

• Strengths, weaknesses, etc.

• Comparative advantages

• Current comparative performance of Ethiopian exporters against competitors

5. Market Entry Channels and strategies for Ethiopian products

• Entry channels; description, advantages, disadvantages, etc.

• Promotional marketing and pricing strategies; their advantages, disadvantages,

etc.

• Potential buyers/importers/ distributors

• Best practices of other suppliers to the market (in terms of pricing, quality,

promotional strategies, etc.)

• Activities or strategies necessary on the part of Ethiopian exporters and the

government in terms of export product development

6. Legal and Regulatory Framework of the Host Country

• Trade policy structure (tariff structure and rates, quotas, preferences, etc.)

• Import regulations and procedures (licensing, packaging, certification,

quarantine, standard documentation and other requirements and procedures)

• Government procurement procedures

7. Mode of Payment

8. Mode of Transport

9. Mode of Delivery

10. List and Profiles of Potential Importers/Buyers/ Distributors for products of

Ethiopian origin



Annex V: Trade Enquiry Form

From............................................ Designation ...........................................................................

Embassy/Mission/Consulate General of the FDR Ethiopia

To: The Director General, Economic and Business Affairs General Directorate, Ministry of

Foreign Affairs, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Fax: 00251115514300/5511244

Tel. 00251115517345

Date: .......................................................... Place: ...........................................................

The following are the details of trade enquiry received at this office. You are requested to

forward a reply to the party and a copy to as soon as possible.

1. Name of the company/firm:

2. Full Address:

3. Telephone:

4. Telefax:

5. Name and designation of the person making the enquiry:

6. Name of the product:

7. Product specification or type:

8. Annual quantity required:

9. Delivery time:

10. Mode of Delivery:

11. Mode of Payment:



12. Mode of transport:

13. Other requests of the company:



Annex VI a. List of Freight Forwarders

A D D R E S S

No. Name of Company/Sole Business Name of General

Manager

Renewal

Year (E.C)

P.O.

Box

Telephone

Fax

City

1 Afro Global Business Center P.L.C Almaw Gari 1999 0115-525656 011 Addis Ababa

2 A.G Transit PLC Ashenafi Getachew 1999 414772 - Addis Ababa

3 Amare Assefa Asfaw 1999 90349 0113-210013 210012 Addis Ababa

4 Cheetah P.L.C Nebiyu Yohannes 1999 33808 0111-557616 - Addis Ababa

5 Cross-Continental Business Group P.L.C Hiwot Tadesse 1999 40452 0115-154039 - Addis Ababa

6 East African Group P.L.C Bizuayehu H/Mariam 1999 6267 0113-201263 0115 Addis Ababa

7 E.T Fetan Transit Engdawork T/Mariam 1999 0114-403948/49 - Addis Ababa

8 Fana Forwarding Company P.L.C Gezahegn Zegeye 1999 80528 0116-623563 404676 Addis Ababa

9 Galaxy Express Services P.L.C Jemey Yasin- 1999 8309 0115-510355 511236 Addis Ababa

10 Getachew T/Aregai Mitiku - 1999 13080 0115-514611 514611 Addis Ababa

11 Global Transit P.L.C Tesfaye Fente 1999 14326 0115-521511/12 521530 Addis Ababa

12 Green International Logistics Services PLC 1999 120672 0116-623682 Addis Ababa

13 Hagbes PLC 1999 1044 0115-522333 0115 Addis Ababa

14 LINA P.L.C Sabir Argaw 1999 8891 0111-570679 557753 Addis Ababa

15 Mahta Embaye G/Mariam - 1999 18660 0114-169605 169605 Addis Ababa

16 MEYOB International P.L.C Seifu Demissei- 1999 1046 0114-425236 420162 Addis Ababa

17 Mate Freight Forwarding &Customs

Clearing

Teshome Tefera 1999 16478 0115-152490 527888 Addis Ababa

18 Overseas Freighters Ethiopia P.L.C Bekele W/Michael 1999 1749 0114-651748 - Addis Ababa

19 Packtra P.L.C Befekadu Tilahun 1999 5432 0115-523711 5513788 Addis Ababa

20 Safetra P.L.C Mehari Kiros 1999 25157 0115-533374 - Addis Ababa

21 Samatra P.L.C Salahadin 1999 4699 0114-400252 401844 Addis Ababa

22 Shenkor Ethiopia Yohannes Lemma 1998 3700 0116-611422 - Addis Ababa

23 Solomon Kassa Freight Forwarder Solomon Kassa 1999 13074 0115-154394 518277 Addis Ababa

24 Tegegnework Freight Forwarding Agency Tegegnework Azage 1999 55527 0911-209112 403998 Addis Ababa

25 Tely International P.L.C Tilahun Tirfe 1999 2877 0115-515139 - Addis Ababa

26 Tewodros Belete Sisay 1999 29219 0115-504557 - Addis Ababa



27 Trans African Transport Sh.Company Hiruy Ali 1999 5607 0116-614894 625908 Addis Ababa

28 Trans Trade Ethiopia P.L.C Markos Kebede 1999 - 0114-650748 - Addis Ababa

29 Tab-Tra P.L.C 1999 30811 0115-157112 Addis Ababa

30 United Forwarders P.L.C Ephrem Dagne 1999 100210 0115-525369 525370 Addis Ababa

31 Unity Business Group P.L.C Adugna Bekele 1999 0911-200231 Addis Ababa

32 Wondi Trading Wondwossen Tirfe 1999 40108 0115-510076 - Addis Ababa

Annex VI b. List of Freight Forwarders and Shipping Agents A D D R E S S


Manager

Renewal

Year (E.C)

P.O.

Box

Telephone

Fax

City

1 Akakas Logistics Tesfa kiros 1999 23128 0114-669581 669584 Addis Ababa

2 Associated Transit, Transport & Shipping

(Atts)

Nega G/Egziabher 1999 28646 0111-113406 Addis Ababa

3 Dolphin Transit & Shipping Alemu Mebrate 1999 - 0115-505618 - Addis Ababa

4 East-West Ethio Transport PLC. Seid Mussen 1999 8677 0113-711277 - Addis Ababa

5 Express Transit Service P.L.C Bahre Gezahegne 1999 15633 0115-510946 - Addis Ababa

6 Freighters International (PABOM) Daniel Zemichael 1999 8039 0115-514882 - Addis Ababa

7 Garad P.L.C Mensure Abubeker 1999 40040 0114-653744 - Addis Ababa

8 Maccfa Transit P.L.C Mulugeta Assefa

Gezahegn

1998 21879 0116--459503 Addis Ababa

9 Maritime & Transit Enterprise Ahmed Yasin 1999 1186 0115-510666 - Addis Ababa

10 Pan Africa Golbal P.L.C Tekeste Berhane Habtu 1999 7408 0115-516250 515259 Addis Ababa

11 Smayaz Transact International P.L.C Ayalew Belachew 1999 13049 0115-519621 - Addis Ababa

12 Voyagers Freight & Forwarding P.L.C Alemayehu Mengesha 1999 0114-169977 169978

Annex VI c. List of Shipping Agents A D D R E S S


Manager

Renewal

Year (E.C)

P.O.

Box

Telephone

Fax

City

1 Taleme P.L.C Metsehet Seyoum 1998 1484/1110 0114-661121 - Addis Ababa

2 Champion Shipping P.L.C 1999 21408/1000 5-153737 153743 Addis Ababa



Annex VII: Address List of Ethiopian Institutions Related to External Trade

1. Ministry of Trade and Industry (MOTI)

P. O. Box 704 (Addis Ababa)

Tel. 251115518025

Fax. 251115514288/515411

E-mail: [email protected]

Export Promotion Department (of MOTI)

P. O. Box 6945

Tel. 251115502844

Fax.251115505192

Website: http://www.moti.gov.et/export.html

2. Ministry of Health

P. O. Box 1234

Tel. 251115517011/517309

Fax. 251115519366


3. Ministry of Revenue

P. O. Box 2559

Tel. 251114667466/4667326

Fax. 251116662628/4668244


Website: http://www.mor.gov.et

4. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

P. O. Box 62347

Tel. 251115518040/ 5156242/5156289

Fax. 251115512984/5530776

5. Ministry of Finance and Economic Development

Tel. 251111560135/251111552400

Fax 251111550081

6. Ministry of Culture and Tourism

P. O. Box 1907

Tel.251115517020



Fax. 251115512889


7. Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Economic and Business Affairs Directorate-General

P. O. Box 393

Tel. 251115517345

Fax.251115514300

E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Website: http://www.mfa.gov.et

8. Ethiopian Customs Authority

P. O. Box 3248

Tel. 251115513100

Fax. 251115518355/5537820/537921

E-mail:

Website:

9. Ethiopian Quality and Standards Authority

P. O. Box 2310

Tel. 251116460111/189313

Fax. 251116460880/81


Website: http://www.qsae.org

10. Ethiopian Investment Agency

P. O. Box 2313

Tel. 251115510033/539474/5539474

Fax. 251115514396


Website: http://www.investethiopia.org

11. National Bank of Ethiopia

P. O. Box 5550

Tel. 251115517430/5510060

Fax. 251115514588




12. Ethiopian Chamber of Commerce and Sectoral Associations

P. O. Box 517

Tel. 251115518240/ 514055

Fax. 251115517699


Website: http://www.ethiopianchamber.com

13. Addis Ababa Chamber of Commerce and Sectoral Associations

P. O Box 2458

Tel. 251115500934/5518055

Fax. 251115511479


14. Ethiopian Shipping Lines

P. O. Box 2572

Tel 251115518280

Fax 251115519225


15. Ethiopian Air Lines Enterprise

P O Box: 1755

Tel 251116652222

Fax 251116651474


16. Privatization and Public Enterprises Supervising Agency

P O Box 11835

Tel. 251115530343/5510014

Fax 251115513955


17. Ethiopian Grain Trade Enterprise

P O Box 3321

Tel. 251114652466/4653166

Fax 251114655428




Annex VIII: Ethiopian Export Performance by Commodity (Year in E.C.; Qty in Tons; Value in 000's USD)

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Growth Rate

Commodity Quanti

ty Value Quanti

ty Value Quanti

ty Value Quanti

ty Value Quanti

ty Value Quantit

y Value 94/95

95/96

96/97

97/98

98/99

Average

Coffee 110,036 163,16

2 126,100 165,30

0 144,629 208,31

3 159,989 334,86

3 153,155 365,835 176,390 424,144 1.31 26.02 60.75 9.25 15.94 22.65 Meat and Live Animals 1,446 2,880 8,712 28,680 45,586

- 52,263 99.15

202.51

229.19 58.95 14.65 120.89

Meat 663 1,103 1,700 2,400 3,317 6,335 7,754 15,598 7,856 18,323 5,855 15,491 117.58 163.96 146.22 17.47 -15.46 85.96 Live Animals (in no.) 32,383 343 10,372 480 41,966 2,377 103,905 13,081 163,375 27,262 239,955 36,771 39.91 395.25 450.27 108.41 34.88 205.75 Hides and Skins 10,601 56,936 10,500 52,200 9,309 43,027 15,331 66,968 15,491 75,328 15,679 89,541 -8.32 -17.57 55.64 12.48 18.87 12.22 Skins (semi processed) 7,021 48,907 7,894 43,657 5,345 38,239 8,951 55,722 8,830 58,430

-

-

-10.73 -12.41 45.72 4.86 6.86

Hides (semi processes) 3,579 8,006 2,284 5,284 3,935 3,930 5,840 6,870 6,273 7,252

-

-

-34.00 -25.62 74.81 5.56 5.19

Finished Leather 437 3,572 168 7,648

-

- 114.10 114.10

Leather Products 0.86 24 323 3,259 30 858 103 803 221 1,997

-

- 13353.4 -73.67 -6.37 148.57 3355.49

Textiles& textile products 1,309 4,013 1,969 4,039 7,487 9,354 2,212 7,034 3,581 11,098 3,900 12,622 0.64 131.58 -24.80 57.78 13.73 35.79

Cotton 5,827 5,347 7,562 7,735 8,189 10,879 1,228 1,848 6,177 6,807 11,760 14,341 44.68 40.65 -83.02 268.42 110.69 76.28 Pulses, Oilseeds& Spices 199,466 74,491 153,548 70,500 195,059

122,703 308,231

173,075 380,533

255,442 406,213 267,552 -5.36 74.05 41.05 47.59 4.74 32.41

Pulses 110,857 33,478 66,200 20,000 75,156 24,884 119,436 35,290 108,773 36,995 157,406 69,286 -

40.26 24.42 41.82 4.83 87.29 23.62

Oilseeds 85,441 37,281 83,000 46,100 109,733 90,975 173,109 126,45

5 263,251 209,78

6 235,742 188,047 23.65 97.34 39.00 65.90 -10.36 43.11

Spices 3,168 3,731 4,348 4,400 10,170 6,845 15,685 11,330 8,509 8,661 13,065 10,219 17.94 55.57 65.52 -23.56 17.99 26.69



Chat 9,377 49,011 11,000 58,000 23,079 88,059 21,301 83,390 22,125 88,505 22,667 92,810 18.34 51.83 -5.30 6.13 4.86 15.17 Fruits and vegetables 30,245 9,408 25,300 9,600 28,452 6,870 37,645 15,971 34,550 12,741 42,067 16,947 2.04 -28.44

132.47 -20.22 33.01 23.77

Flowers (Millions stems) 0.02 159 16 2,904 32 5,050 83 12,645 186.4 21,967 689 63,599 1730.9 73.91 150.39 73.72 189.52 443.69

Sugar 46,015 9,384 77,000 17,900 16,000 9,756 33,832 14,553 14,100 8,245 24,340 15,836 90.75 -45.50 49.17 -43.34 92.07 28.63 Natural Gum 2,138 2,962 1,544 2,200 3,109 4,369 3,791 4,946 3,529 5,363 3,976 5,650

-25.72 98.57 13.22 8.44 5.35 19.97

Tea 153 180 1,782 1,583 1,966 2,100 1,499 1,833 596 837 691 913 778.0

6 32.64 -12.73 -54.33 9.11 150.55 Cereals and Floor 21,882 11,957 29,057 14,100 21,829 9,122 18,022 8,761 38,466 14,078 5,973 1,634 17.92 -35.31 -3.96 60.70 -88.40 -9.81

Bees Wax 285 703 207 500 525 1,389 400 1,177 353 1,516 415 1,825 -

28.88 177.7

9 -15.23 28.73 20.40 36.56

Gold 5.26 37,324 5.00 42,100 6.03 54,993 4 44,192 4.97 64,716 6 96,966 12.80 30.62 -19.64 46.44 49.83 24.01

Tantalum 61 4,090 70 4,000 122 5,008 80 3,936 122 4,343 144 6,151 -2.21 25.20 -21.41 10.34 41.63 10.71

Others 21,056 5,637 6,716 27,159 28,960 6,817 70,519 15,156 73,784 26,162 56,483 22,290 381.76 -74.90 122.33 72.62 -14.80 97.40

Total 436,210 482,700 596,521 819,026 1008568 1,185,083 10.66 23.58 37.30 23.14 17.50 22.44

Source: Ethiopian Customs Authority and Ministry of Trade and Industry



Annex IX. Trade Balance of Ethiopia with Major Trading Partners (Thousands of

USD)

Source: Ministry of Trade and Industry computation based on NBE data.

Annex X. Selected Ethiopian Export Items for the Year 2006 (Above ETB 1 million)

HS Code HS Description Destination Qty Net Mass(Kg) FOB Value(ETB)

01019000 OTHER LIVE HORSES,ASSES,MULES,AND HINNIES(EXCLUDING 0101.1000):NES Jordan 750.00 350,250.00 2,001,959.52

01019000 OTHER LIVE HORSES,ASSES,MULES,AND HINNIES(EXCLUDING 0101.1000):NES Sudan 3,992.00 890,000.00 4,866,939.46

01029000 LIVE BOVINE ANIMALS, OTHER THAN PURE-BRED BREEDING Bahrain 1,913.00 315,187.80 2,169,744.25

01029000 LIVE BOVINE ANIMALS, OTHER THAN PURE-BRED BREEDING Djibouti 5,866.00 1,145,636.00 7,943,464.36

01029000 LIVE BOVINE ANIMALS, OTHER THAN PURE-BRED BREEDING Egypt 19,475.00 5,139,810.00 41,200,661.00

01029000 LIVE BOVINE ANIMALS, OTHER THAN PURE-BRED BREEDING Somalia 23,333.00 4,338,920.00 44,361,385.29

01029000 LIVE BOVINE ANIMALS, OTHER THAN PURE-BRED BREEDING Sudan 13,354.00 2,726,170.00 21,321,374.01

01029000 LIVE BOVINE ANIMALS, OTHER THAN PURE-BRED BREEDING

United Arab Emirates 6,311.00 1,382,690.00 9,554,786.00

01029000 LIVE BOVINE ANIMALS, OTHER THAN PURE-BRED BREEDING Yemen 74,867.00 11,690,478.92 86,729,624.85

01041000 LIVE SHEEP Jordan 7,130.00 181,640.00 2,521,995.08 01041000 LIVE SHEEP Yemen 8,032.00 189,014.00 1,605,661.43 01061100 MAMMALS :PRIMATES Djibouti 5,275.00 2,562,000.00 6,953,292.30 01061100 MAMMALS :PRIMATES Egypt 1,845.00 856,945.00 7,361,142.25

01061900 OTHER MAMMALS OTHER THANS THOSE Djibouti 1,413.00 741,050.00 2,405,901.06



OF 0106.1100 AND 0106.1200

01061900 OTHER MAMMALS OTHER THANS THOSE OF 0106.1100 AND 0106.1200 Egypt 1,130.00 565,000.00 4,326,082.00

01061900 OTHER MAMMALS OTHER THANS THOSE OF 0106.1100 AND 0106.1200 Jordan 460.00 214,820.00 1,615,188.80

01061900 OTHER MAMMALS OTHER THANS THOSE OF 0106.1100 AND 0106.1200

United Arab Emirates 2,436.00 1,128,766.67 7,080,867.71

01061900 OTHER MAMMALS OTHER THANS THOSE OF 0106.1100 AND 0106.1200 Yemen 1,512.00 657,150.00 4,192,358.07

01063900 OTHER LIVE ANIMALS Egypt 431.00 333,652.77 1,287,739.23 01069000 LIVE ANIMALS NES Egypt 1,024.00 512,000.00 1,131,640.75 02041000 Fresh or chilled lamb carcasses and half carcasses Egypt 316,079.00 7,375,793.09 02041000 Fresh or chilled lamb carcasses and half carcasses Saudi Arabia 1,160,219.00 28,896,141.66

02041000 Fresh or chilled lamb carcasses and half carcasses United Arab Emirates 648,809.00 17,747,747.09

02045000 Fresh, chilled or frozen goat meat Saudi Arabia 2,351,910.00 46,145,605.94

02045000 Fresh, chilled or frozen goat meat United Arab Emirates 4,055,238.00 88,403,737.88

02045000 Fresh, chilled or frozen goat meat Yemen 87,351.50 1,535,957.21

03022900 Fresh or chilled flat fish (excl. halibut, plaice and sole) Sudan 43,110.00 1,423,015.56

04070000 BIRDS' EGGS, IN SHELL, FRESH, PRESERVED OR COOKED Djibouti 1,477,300.00 97,200.00 1,057,531.84

04081900 Egg yolks (excl. dried) Djibouti 113,400.00 1,521,449.79 04090000 Natural honey Sudan 68,600.00 1,329,692.24 04090000 Natural honey United States 36,000.00 1,030,979.47

05100090 --- OTHER AMBERGIS , CASTOREN ,CIVET AND MUSK;CANTHARIDES;BILE ...GLANDS France 720.00 2,983,529.47

06012000

BULBS, TUBERS... RHIZOMES IN GROWTH OR FLOWER; CHICORY PLANTS AND ROOTS Netherlands 6,283,901.00 140,291.45 3,429,208.06

06021000 UNROOTED CUTTINGS AND SLIPS France 5,632,200.00 26,198.60 3,634,438.45 06021000 UNROOTED CUTTINGS AND SLIPS Germany 79,553,352.00 309,865.00 62,339,645.18 06021000 UNROOTED CUTTINGS AND SLIPS Italy 7,279,731.00 24,863.20 3,381,963.22 06021000 UNROOTED CUTTINGS AND SLIPS Netherlands 83,818,113.00 164,854.00 15,981,255.86 06021000 UNROOTED CUTTINGS AND SLIPS Sweden 1,944,000.00 7,067.00 1,180,245.14 06021000 UNROOTED CUTTINGS AND SLIPS United States 19,643,940.00 24,988.00 11,348,907.49 06031000 Fresh cut flowers and buds Belgium 2,335,632.00 114,351.00 2,380,666.06 06031000 Fresh cut flowers and buds Haiti 24,020.00 700.00 24,429.19 06031000 Fresh cut flowers and buds Israel 7,293,960.00 194,397.50 7,732,099.28 06031000 Fresh cut flowers and buds Italy 1,298,855.00 51,855.00 1,676,286.07 06031000 Fresh cut flowers and buds Japan 920,650.00 44,976.00 1,378,295.00 06031000 Fresh cut flowers and buds Netherlands 191,607,770.00 6,177,211.42 152,208,737.59 06031000 Fresh cut flowers and buds Norway 2,502,471.00 75,080.50 2,401,794.17 06031000 Fresh cut flowers and buds Saudi Arabia 886,560.00 40,537.80 1,021,977.37 06031000 Fresh cut flowers and buds Sweden 1,211,924.00 30,755.60 1,086,165.41

06031000 Fresh cut flowers and buds United Arab Emirates 1,583,471.00 64,398.50 1,326,688.84

06031000 Fresh cut flowers and buds United Kingdom 8,772,761.00 268,080.50 11,577,285.84

07011000 Seed potatoes Djibouti 8,734,353.00 16,876,295.01 07020000 Tomatoes fresh or chilled Djibouti 5,551,970.00 13,597,108.14 07031000 Onions and shallots, fresh or chilled Djibouti 6,341,778.00 12,275,221.00 07039000 Leeks and other alliaceous vegetables, nes Djibouti 974,095.00 1,203,948.54

07049000 White and red cabbages, kohlrabi, kale...etc, fresh or chilled Netherlands 241,907.00 4,323,987.95

07051100 Cabbage lettuce, fresh or chilled Djibouti 867,836.00 1,079,203.39

07069000 Beetroot...radishes and other similar edible roots, fresh or chilled Djibouti 985,489.00 1,303,691.21

07082000 Beans, fresh or chilled Denmark 836,000.00 1,978,526.08 07082000 Beans, fresh or chilled Djibouti 656,539.00 1,834,048.44 07082000 Beans, fresh or chilled Netherlands 1,430,285.50 4,155,982.69 07082000 Beans, fresh or chilled South Africa 776,000.00 1,913,649.63 07102200 Shelled or unshelled beans, frozen Italy 561,338.50 2,518,676.37 07102200 Shelled or unshelled beans, frozen Netherlands 3,125,080.00 59,647,761.98 07102200 Shelled or unshelled beans, frozen Sudan 1,777,200.00 16,621,608.50

07102900 Leguminous vegetables, shelled or unshelled, frozen, nes

United Arab Emirates 1,597,089.00 8,859,443.17



07131000 Dried peas, shelled Pakistan 1,110,000.00 5,712,521.78 07131000 Dried peas, shelled Saudi Arabia 301,000.00 1,096,538.56

07131000 Dried peas, shelled United Arab Emirates 493,912.00 2,398,595.74

07132000 Dried chickpeas, shelled Canada 540,280.00 2,058,225.42 07132000 Dried chickpeas, shelled Djibouti 542,611.00 2,676,437.66 07132000 Dried chickpeas, shelled India 2,318,448.00 9,348,156.85 07132000 Dried chickpeas, shelled Pakistan 9,209,831.00 40,932,408.04 07132000 Dried chickpeas, shelled Saudi Arabia 395,250.00 2,049,162.49 07132000 Dried chickpeas, shelled Senegal 570,000.00 1,798,806.56 07132000 Dried chickpeas, shelled Singapore 1,483,992.00 6,590,419.84 07132000 Dried chickpeas, shelled Somalia 352,000.00 1,102,525.67 07132000 Dried chickpeas, shelled Turkey 430,000.00 1,693,924.50

07132000 Dried chickpeas, shelled United Arab Emirates 5,675,152.60 24,910,470.64

07133100 Dried beans, shelled Sudan 860,118.00 1,762,176.16 07133200 Dried adzuki beans, shelled Djibouti 1,426,180.00 3,042,552.47

07133200 Dried adzuki beans, shelled United Arab Emirates 230,000.00 1,257,755.11

07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled Algeria 810,916.00 3,455,617.82 07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled Belgium 489,023.00 1,801,425.06 07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled Canada 489,872.00 1,649,881.01 07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled Czech Republic 469,808.00 1,832,879.11 07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled Djibouti 567,590.00 1,924,044.65 07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled France 617,746.00 2,169,384.59 07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled Germany 1,323,432.00 4,846,338.99 07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled India 2,062,945.00 7,190,160.35 07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled Italy 4,667,688.00 14,551,964.82 07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled Jordan 330,000.00 1,313,794.35 07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled Morocco 2,370,456.00 9,385,524.75 07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled Netherlands 1,907,426.00 6,086,831.87 07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled Pakistan 3,744,155.00 13,286,473.34 07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled Romania 581,296.00 2,081,806.66

07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled Russian Federation 313,000.00 1,004,083.16

07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled Singapore 626,288.00 2,049,053.17 07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled South Africa 5,155,872.00 19,092,139.80 07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled Spain 595,000.00 1,973,612.57 07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled Sudan 511,900.00 1,456,894.42 07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled Turkey 944,000.00 3,376,934.88

07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled United Arab Emirates 2,045,522.00 6,567,623.88

07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled United Kingdom 5,445,034.00 16,258,403.71

07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled United States 1,168,964.00 4,267,247.78 07133300 Dried kidney beans, incl. white pea beans, shelled Yemen 7,738,605.75 31,046,358.24 07133900 Dried beans, shelled, nes Czech Republic 308,000.00 1,059,623.79 07133900 Dried beans, shelled, nes Saudi Arabia 553,000.00 2,598,283.96

07133900 Dried beans, shelled, nes United Arab Emirates 561,860.00 2,719,939.01

07133900 Dried beans, shelled, nes Yemen 796,340.00 3,740,642.64 07134000 Dried lentils, shelled Djibouti 560,180.00 1,722,206.18 07135000 Dried broad beans and horse beans, shelled Sudan 22,364,986.00 54,400,576.59

07135000 Dried broad beans and horse beans, shelled United Arab Emirates 297,000.00 1,042,253.46

07139000 Dried leguminous vegetables, shelled, nes India 521,954.00 3,007,173.93 07139000 Dried leguminous vegetables, shelled, nes Sudan 658,500.00 1,399,190.29

07139000 Dried leguminous vegetables, shelled, nes United Arab Emirates 345,000.00 1,895,317.29

08030000 Bananas, including plantains, fresh or dried Djibouti 2,087,328.00 3,483,544.21 08045000 Guavas, mangoes and mangosteens, fresh or dried Djibouti 1,449,746.00 3,191,902.91 08045000 Guavas, mangoes and mangosteens, fresh or dried Saudi Arabia 4,015.00 3,130.09 08051000 Oranges, fresh or dried Djibouti 2,138,425.00 5,473,239.34

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Australia 1,291,140.00 27,716,605.03

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Belgium 14,621,914.68 282,273,653.83

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED Bulgaria 90,000.00 2,004,332.30



09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Canada 1,151,700.00 26,795,916.27

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED China 108,000.00 2,259,660.22

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Djibouti 2,722,462.00 56,488,550.75

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Egypt 110,400.00 2,095,974.99

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Finland 504,000.00 11,622,673.37

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED France 10,738,185.00 209,384,637.36

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Germany 49,209,346.73 1,000,593,405.01

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Israel 564,000.00 10,472,543.54

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Italy 9,071,400.00 225,725,354.05

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Japan 37,467,630.00 740,529,928.10

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED

Korea, Democratic People's Rep. of 86,400.00 2,112,975.70


Korea, Republic of 176,400.00 3,957,396.57

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Netherlands 2,899,210.00 67,348,749.16

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED New Zealand 113,400.00 2,969,308.17

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Niger 180,000.00 3,203,483.25

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Norway 376,800.00 9,282,101.26

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Poland 270,000.00 5,207,515.38

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Puerto Rico 72,000.00 1,218,114.27

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Romania 198,000.00 3,490,324.20


Russian Federation 972,000.00 18,271,558.16

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Saudi Arabia 25,052,690.00 496,949,283.35

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED South Africa 112,640.00 2,154,075.07

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Spain 756,000.00 17,051,548.24

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Sudan 1,082,330.00 19,580,435.34

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Swaziland 234,000.00 4,662,967.65

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Sweden 3,176,100.00 65,850,208.12

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Switzerland 1,054,800.00 24,300,811.26


Taiwan, Province of China 456,000.00 8,035,317.92

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Uganda 72,000.00 1,461,559.58


United Arab Emirates 649,080.00 11,927,249.80


United Kingdom 1,258,400.00 30,909,851.01

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED United States 13,760,377.50 326,103,353.85

09011100 COFFEE, NOT ROASTED OR DECAFFEINATED Yemen 422,550.00 8,345,628.31

09012200 Roasted, decaffeinated coffee Sudan 289,260.00 6,873,528.78



09024000

BLACK TEA FERMENTED/PARTLY FERMENTED,FLAVOURED OR NOT,IN PACKINGS OF >=3KG Djibouti 125,222.00 1,383,769.45

09024000

BLACK TEA FERMENTED/PARTLY FERMENTED,FLAVOURED OR NOT,IN PACKINGS OF >=3KG Pakistan 185,130.00 2,277,896.85

09041100 Dried pepper (excl. crushed or ground) Germany 20,000.00 4,628,423.76

09041100 Dried pepper (excl. crushed or ground) United Arab Emirates 139,479.00 1,297,475.13

09041200 Pepper, crushed or ground Germany 17,340.00 3,617,656.41 09041200 Pepper, crushed or ground United States 43,238.95 1,216,569.09 09093000 Seeds of cumin Algeria 92,000.00 1,120,049.30 09093000 Seeds of cumin Egypt 117,000.00 1,633,368.59 09093000 Seeds of cumin Saudi Arabia 145,498.50 1,541,582.47 09101000 Ginger Egypt 287,580.00 2,272,882.05 09101000 Ginger Kenya 677,263.00 4,030,787.22 09101000 Ginger Morocco 200,000.00 1,321,606.79 09101000 Ginger Saudi Arabia 511,889.50 4,043,053.99 09101000 Ginger Sudan 1,466,550.00 11,539,145.13

09101000 Ginger United Arab Emirates 183,720.00 1,295,424.23

09101000 Ginger Yemen 1,617,712.40 10,419,315.32 10070000 Grain sorghum Djibouti 957,511.00 1,326,858.98 10089000 Other cereal, nes Israel 3,014,366.82 10,756,915.60

10089000 Other cereal, nes United Arab Emirates 2,078,605.00 11,085,956.75

10089000 Other cereal, nes Yemen 911,700.00 3,311,340.20 11029000 Other cereal flour, nes United States 200,867.60 1,038,828.74 12040000 Linseed China 190,000.00 1,257,870.01

12059000 RAPE OR COLZA SEEDS, (EXCL LOW ERUCIC ACID RAPE OR COLZA );NES Canada 190,000.00 1,234,400.50

12059000 RAPE OR COLZA SEEDS, (EXCL LOW ERUCIC ACID RAPE OR COLZA );NES China 571,140.00 3,662,908.00

12059000 RAPE OR COLZA SEEDS, (EXCL LOW ERUCIC ACID RAPE OR COLZA );NES Jordan 190,380.00 1,334,058.40

12059000 RAPE OR COLZA SEEDS, (EXCL LOW ERUCIC ACID RAPE OR COLZA );NES Turkey 152,304.00 1,054,014.20

12059000 RAPE OR COLZA SEEDS, (EXCL LOW ERUCIC ACID RAPE OR COLZA );NES United States 665,680.00 2,335,502.80

12071000 Palm nuts and kernels Israel 379,240.00 2,527,623.98 12071000 Palm nuts and kernels Turkey 190,000.00 1,253,002.50 12073000 Castor oil seeds Thailand 1,280,000.00 3,992,619.22 12074000 Sesamum seeds Algeria 531,373.00 3,634,593.95 12074000 Sesamum seeds Canada 3,153,427.00 20,591,896.58 12074000 Sesamum seeds China 63,156,877.74 415,905,862.94 12074000 Sesamum seeds Djibouti 9,403,379.00 61,237,192.67 12074000 Sesamum seeds Greece 4,228,526.00 30,646,463.09 12074000 Sesamum seeds Israel 20,817,405.80 147,158,275.28 12074000 Sesamum seeds Jordan 7,730,568.80 54,391,367.51

12074000 Sesamum seeds

Korea, Democratic People's Rep. of 1,216,000.00 8,001,950.32

12074000 Sesamum seeds Korea, Republic of 777,000.00 7,068,176.97

12074000 Sesamum seeds Malaysia 475,390.00 2,857,632.76 12074000 Sesamum seeds Mexico 284,620.00 1,948,874.81 12074000 Sesamum seeds Netherlands 240,810.00 1,890,086.51 12074000 Sesamum seeds Pakistan 220,000.00 1,111,226.60 12074000 Sesamum seeds Saudi Arabia 2,760,553.20 18,228,927.41 12074000 Sesamum seeds Senegal 303,620.00 2,021,651.42 12074000 Sesamum seeds Singapore 1,176,404.00 7,654,979.60 12074000 Sesamum seeds Switzerland 2,528,722.00 16,940,129.80 12074000 Sesamum seeds Tokelau 280,000.00 1,712,289.16 12074000 Sesamum seeds Turkey 14,994,466.00 94,934,386.52

12074000 Sesamum seeds Turks and Caicos Islands 190,000.00 1,383,076.31

12074000 Sesamum seeds United Arab Emirates 4,347,817.00 27,862,987.32



12074000 Sesamum seeds United Kingdom 580,000.00 3,825,479.56

12074000 Sesamum seeds United States 2,128,220.00 12,771,602.50 12074000 Sesamum seeds Viet Nam 76,152.00 580,520.37 12074000 Sesamum seeds Yemen 9,987,513.70 58,851,719.67 12075000 Mustard seeds Israel 1,000.00 4,215.98 12079900 Other oil seeds and oleaginous fruits, nes China 380,000.00 2,532,776.60 12079900 Other oil seeds and oleaginous fruits, nes Djibouti 1,490,913.00 8,473,733.51 12079900 Other oil seeds and oleaginous fruits, nes Germany 269,500.00 1,124,016.47 12079900 Other oil seeds and oleaginous fruits, nes Israel 320,260.12 2,882,091.09 12079900 Other oil seeds and oleaginous fruits, nes Italy 380,694.00 1,420,569.04 12079900 Other oil seeds and oleaginous fruits, nes Turkey 246,000.00 1,424,227.35

12079900 Other oil seeds and oleaginous fruits, nes United Kingdom 833,366.00 3,212,344.47

12079900 Other oil seeds and oleaginous fruits, nes United States 11,094,496.32 42,590,494.54

12089000 Other flours and meal of oil seeds or oleaginous fruit, nes United States 570,384.00 2,022,648.45

12119000 Other plants or parts, of a kind used in perfumery, pharmacy...etc, nes Netherlands 28,439.50 1,027,903.27

12149000 Other forage products, nes Djibouti 2,912,420.50 2,510,815.02 13012000 Natural gum arabic Germany 81,000.00 1,271,072.66 13012000 Natural gum arabic Saudi Arabia 90,200.00 1,443,315.34 13012000 Natural gum arabic Tunisia 89,982.00 1,738,054.21

13019000

NATURAL GUMS,RESINS,GUM-RESINS,NATURAL OLEOR'INS/BALSAMS (EXCL. GUMARABIC) China 1,065,160.00 7,011,489.51

13019000

NATURAL GUMS,RESINS,GUM-RESINS,NATURAL OLEOR'INS/BALSAMS (EXCL. GUMARABIC) Egypt 205,000.00 2,812,079.79

13019000

NATURAL GUMS,RESINS,GUM-RESINS,NATURAL OLEOR'INS/BALSAMS (EXCL. GUMARABIC) France 75,000.00 1,199,498.01

13019000

NATURAL GUMS,RESINS,GUM-RESINS,NATURAL OLEOR'INS/BALSAMS (EXCL. GUMARABIC) Germany 264,875.00 4,183,121.31

13019000

NATURAL GUMS,RESINS,GUM-RESINS,NATURAL OLEOR'INS/BALSAMS (EXCL. GUMARABIC) Greece 201,000.00 2,724,274.58

13019000

NATURAL GUMS,RESINS,GUM-RESINS,NATURAL OLEOR'INS/BALSAMS (EXCL. GUMARABIC) Guatemala 214,000.00 3,098,016.45

13019000

NATURAL GUMS,RESINS,GUM-RESINS,NATURAL OLEOR'INS/BALSAMS (EXCL. GUMARABIC) Saudi Arabia 90,000.00 1,589,071.26

13019000

NATURAL GUMS,RESINS,GUM-RESINS,NATURAL OLEOR'INS/BALSAMS (EXCL. GUMARABIC) Tunisia 408,000.00 7,494,962.19

13019000

NATURAL GUMS,RESINS,GUM-RESINS,NATURAL OLEOR'INS/BALSAMS (EXCL. GUMARABIC)


13019000

NATURAL GUMS,RESINS,GUM-RESINS,NATURAL OLEOR'INS/BALSAMS (EXCL. GUMARABIC) Yemen 127,289.00 2,394,935.39

14042000 Cotton linters China 454,641.00 3,867,107.88 14049000 Vegetable products, nes Australia 9,256.51 2,764,599.57 14049000 Vegetable products, nes China 4,693.00 1,138,490.31 14049000 Vegetable products, nes Djibouti 4,932,658.26 283,785,287.39 14049000 Vegetable products, nes Kenya 60,133.93 18,450,164.18 14049000 Vegetable products, nes Netherlands 4,308.31 1,047,670.73 14049000 Vegetable products, nes Somalia 15,853,834.62 426,665,647.10 14049000 Vegetable products, nes Uganda 161.00 49,520.60

14049000 Vegetable products, nes United Kingdom 72,276.37 21,615,886.12

15219090 --- OTHER BEESWAX , INSECT WAXES Germany 73,947.00 2,812,732.62 15219090 --- OTHER BEESWAX , INSECT WAXES Japan 102,175.00 4,214,480.49 15219090 --- OTHER BEESWAX , INSECT WAXES United States 52,500.00 2,092,400.46 17011100 Raw cane sugar, in solid form Portugal 16,490,000.00 86,091,358.78

17031000 Cane molasses resulting from the extraction or refining of sugar Italy 4,000,000.00 8,775,100.00



17039000 Molasses resulting from the extraction or refining of sugar (excl. cane) Italy 683,140.00 1,680,821.46

18061000 Cocoa powder, containing added sugar or other sweetening matter Netherlands 15,568,800.00 65,786,152.07

19059090 --- OTHER BREAD ,RICE PAPER ,CAKES ,ETC ,NES


22030000 BEER MADE FROM MALT United States 388,244.00 266,771.00 2,222,219.33 23022000 Brans, sharps and other residues of rice Djibouti 2,002,192.00 1,407,045.10 25232100 White portland cement Sudan 600,000.00 1,262,835.60 26140000 Titanium ores and concentrates China 100,554.00 32,483,774.98

26159000 Niobium, tantalum and vanadium ores and concentrates Belgium 19,283.00 2,054,866.99

26159000 Niobium, tantalum and vanadium ores and concentrates China 18,500.00 1,247,472.25

30043900 Medicaments of other hormones, for retail sale, nes United Republic of Tanzania 5,340.00 1,866,030.19

33059000 Preparations for use on the hair, nes Sudan 55,013.00 1,121,071.76

40111000 NEW PNEUMATIC TYRES, OF RUBBER OF A KIND USED ON MOTOR CARS Germany 2,495.00 112,790.00 2,022,352.05

40111000 NEW PNEUMATIC TYRES, OF RUBBER OF A KIND USED ON MOTOR CARS Yemen 6,750.00 80,113.50 2,081,680.33

41012000

WHOLE HIDES AND SKINS ,WGT PER SKIN DRIED<8KG,D.SALTED <10KG FRESH/WET<16K China 321,911.25 9,354,558.60

41012000

WHOLE HIDES AND SKINS ,WGT PER SKIN DRIED<8KG,D.SALTED <10KG FRESH/WET<16K Hong Kong 153,962.00 1,656,791.30

41012000

WHOLE HIDES AND SKINS ,WGT PER SKIN DRIED<8KG,D.SALTED <10KG FRESH/WET<16K India 82,034.50 1,496,563.14

41012000

WHOLE HIDES AND SKINS ,WGT PER SKIN DRIED<8KG,D.SALTED <10KG FRESH/WET<16K Italy 316,486.05 13,906,406.84

41012000

WHOLE HIDES AND SKINS ,WGT PER SKIN DRIED<8KG,D.SALTED <10KG FRESH/WET<16K Malaysia 11,305.90 1,169,162.15

41019000 OTHER, RAW HIDES ,INCLUDING BUTTS,BENDS AND BELLIES China 909,362.00 7,845,365.75

41019000 OTHER, RAW HIDES ,INCLUDING BUTTS,BENDS AND BELLIES India 347,154.00 3,295,821.50

41019000 OTHER, RAW HIDES ,INCLUDING BUTTS,BENDS AND BELLIES Italy 397,246.00 5,444,947.20

41022100 Pickled skins of sheep or lambs, without wool, not tanned China 3,806.55 2,597,484.05

41022100 Pickled skins of sheep or lambs, without wool, not tanned India 198,754.00 18,448,460.56

41022100 Pickled skins of sheep or lambs, without wool, not tanned Italy 395,816.50 29,805,741.16

41022100 Pickled skins of sheep or lambs, without wool, not tanned Japan 24,175.00 2,978,258.40

41022100 Pickled skins of sheep or lambs, without wool, not tanned Malaysia 123,052.00 11,449,266.05

41022100 Pickled skins of sheep or lambs, without wool, not tanned Thailand 38,249.50 3,138,101.55

41022100 Pickled skins of sheep or lambs, without wool, not tanned Turkey 66,544.00 5,927,994.20

41022100 Pickled skins of sheep or lambs, without wool, not tanned

United Kingdom 14,383.00 3,414,749.72

41022900 Skins of sheep or lambs, without wool, not pickled, not tanned China 31,193.00 2,653,067.81

41022900 Skins of sheep or lambs, without wool, not pickled, not tanned Italy 15,156.20 1,243,873.95

41022900 Skins of sheep or lambs, without wool, not pickled, not tanned

United Kingdom 16,422.00 3,288,746.68

41031000 Hides and skins of goats or kids, fresh or preserved, not tanned China 63,555.00 2,135,182.54

41031000 Hides and skins of goats or kids, fresh or preserved, not tanned Italy 32,619.40 1,683,669.37



41041100

TANNED/CRUST HIDES&SKINS OF BOVINE..IN THE WET STATE...FULL GRAINS,UNSPLIT China 706,051.50 7,389,969.68

41041100

TANNED/CRUST HIDES&SKINS OF BOVINE..IN THE WET STATE...FULL GRAINS,UNSPLIT Greece 112,641.00 1,242,980.03

41041100

TANNED/CRUST HIDES&SKINS OF BOVINE..IN THE WET STATE...FULL GRAINS,UNSPLIT Hong Kong 1,199,604.00 11,186,337.32

41041100

TANNED/CRUST HIDES&SKINS OF BOVINE..IN THE WET STATE...FULL GRAINS,UNSPLIT India 314,630.00 3,835,284.22

41041100

TANNED/CRUST HIDES&SKINS OF BOVINE..IN THE WET STATE...FULL GRAINS,UNSPLIT Italy 535,378.00 7,966,885.24

41041100

TANNED/CRUST HIDES&SKINS OF BOVINE..IN THE WET STATE...FULL GRAINS,UNSPLIT

United Kingdom 116,959.00 2,011,162.27

41041900

TANNED/CRUST HIDES&SKINS OF BOVINE...IN THE WET STATE...(EXCLUDING 410411 China 123,332.00 1,037,000.68

41041900

TANNED/CRUST HIDES&SKINS OF BOVINE...IN THE WET STATE...(EXCLUDING 410411 Hong Kong 96,343.00 1,000,745.73

41041900

TANNED/CRUST HIDES&SKINS OF BOVINE...IN THE WET STATE...(EXCLUDING 410411 Italy 233,903.00 2,821,926.92

41051000 TANNED/CRUST SKINS OF SHEEP/LAMPS ...IN THE WET STATE...(WET-BLUE) China 265,433.70 22,343,121.92

41051000 TANNED/CRUST SKINS OF SHEEP/LAMPS ...IN THE WET STATE...(WET-BLUE) France 11,077.00 1,491,546.00

41051000 TANNED/CRUST SKINS OF SHEEP/LAMPS ...IN THE WET STATE...(WET-BLUE) Hong Kong 33,364.00 1,136,888.30

41051000 TANNED/CRUST SKINS OF SHEEP/LAMPS ...IN THE WET STATE...(WET-BLUE) India 190,447.00 16,120,756.41

41051000 TANNED/CRUST SKINS OF SHEEP/LAMPS ...IN THE WET STATE...(WET-BLUE) Italy 1,345,885.00 85,613,040.87

41051000 TANNED/CRUST SKINS OF SHEEP/LAMPS ...IN THE WET STATE...(WET-BLUE) Japan 42,713.00 5,347,081.68

41051000 TANNED/CRUST SKINS OF SHEEP/LAMPS ...IN THE WET STATE...(WET-BLUE) Malaysia 137,087.50 13,803,053.59

41062100 TANNED/CRUST SKINS OF GOATS/KIDS ..IN THE WET STATE...(WET-BLUE) China 2,062,003.50 60,656,561.06

41062100 TANNED/CRUST SKINS OF GOATS/KIDS ..IN THE WET STATE...(WET-BLUE) Greece 45,800.00 1,381,255.04

41062100 TANNED/CRUST SKINS OF GOATS/KIDS ..IN THE WET STATE...(WET-BLUE) Hong Kong 249,484.00 5,356,430.05

41062100 TANNED/CRUST SKINS OF GOATS/KIDS ..IN THE WET STATE...(WET-BLUE) Italy 1,570,845.60 62,352,511.41

41062100 TANNED/CRUST SKINS OF GOATS/KIDS ..IN THE WET STATE...(WET-BLUE) Malaysia 10,443.00 1,132,310.40

41062100 TANNED/CRUST SKINS OF GOATS/KIDS ..IN THE WET STATE...(WET-BLUE) Spain 53,320.50 2,328,969.82

41062100 TANNED/CRUST SKINS OF GOATS/KIDS ..IN THE WET STATE...(WET-BLUE)

United Kingdom 6,211.00 1,739,043.87

41069100 OTHER TANNED/CRUST OF HIDES/SKINS IN THE WET STATE (WET-BLUE) China 229,543.00 4,500,789.37

41069100 OTHER TANNED/CRUST OF HIDES/SKINS IN THE WET STATE (WET-BLUE) Hong Kong 291,939.00 2,502,274.67

41069100 OTHER TANNED/CRUST OF HIDES/SKINS IN THE WET STATE (WET-BLUE) Italy 49,245.00 1,864,973.07

41120000

LEATHER PREPARED AFTER TANNING/CRUSTING INCLU.PARCHMENT DRESSED LEATHER.. China 9,515.55 6,090,883.33

41120000

LEATHER PREPARED AFTER TANNING/CRUSTING INCLU.PARCHMENT DRESSED LEATHER.. France 5,588.75 4,683,754.67

41120000 LEATHER PREPARED AFTER TANNING/CRUSTING INCLU.PARCHMENT Japan 8,052.32 7,056,627.90



DRESSED LEATHER..

41120000

LEATHER PREPARED AFTER TANNING/CRUSTING INCLU.PARCHMENT DRESSED LEATHER.. Romania 1,354.05 1,424,182.54

41120000

LEATHER PREPARED AFTER TANNING/CRUSTING INCLU.PARCHMENT DRESSED LEATHER..

United Kingdom 66,241.35 25,150,920.40

41120000

LEATHER PREPARED AFTER TANNING/CRUSTING INCLU.PARCHMENT DRESSED LEATHER.. United States 13,289.85 6,792,232.83

41131000 LEATHER OF GOATS OR KIDS PREPARED AFTER TANNING OR CRUSTING.. Italy 5,696.50 1,488,903.91

41139000 OTHER LEATHER PREPARED AFTER TANNING OR CRUSTING...NES China 5,731.00 3,372,140.82

41139000 OTHER LEATHER PREPARED AFTER TANNING OR CRUSTING...NES Indonesia 4,531.70 1,384,047.00

41139000 OTHER LEATHER PREPARED AFTER TANNING OR CRUSTING...NES Romania 2,312.20 1,879,108.52

41139000 OTHER LEATHER PREPARED AFTER TANNING OR CRUSTING...NES

United Kingdom 15,050.00 1,963,793.63

52030000 Cotton, carded or combed Belgium 91,379.00 1,822,677.65 52030000 Cotton, carded or combed China 1,424,639.00 13,631,856.42 52030000 Cotton, carded or combed Germany 343,385.07 3,978,922.72 52030000 Cotton, carded or combed India 739,473.00 7,023,912.48 52030000 Cotton, carded or combed Indonesia 1,606,473.00 15,964,165.78 52030000 Cotton, carded or combed Italy 257,544.89 3,644,429.95 52030000 Cotton, carded or combed Pakistan 177,000.00 1,721,684.01 52030000 Cotton, carded or combed Saudi Arabia 469,419.00 4,367,264.57 52030000 Cotton, carded or combed Swaziland 551,561.00 5,064,362.42 52030000 Cotton, carded or combed Switzerland 777,386.00 7,286,221.71

52030000 Cotton, carded or combed

Taiwan, Province of China 1,058,000.00 9,411,891.53

52081100 Unbleached plain cotton weave, with >=85% cotton, =<100g/m2 Italy 52,979.40 1,081,922.53

52081200

UNBLEACHED PLAIN COTTON WEAVE, WITH >=85% COTTON, >100G/M2 BUT < 200G/M2 Belgium 115,041.00 2,310,752.05

52081200

UNBLEACHED PLAIN COTTON WEAVE, WITH >=85% COTTON, >100G/M2 BUT < 200G/M2 Germany 87,096.01 1,889,079.85

52081200

UNBLEACHED PLAIN COTTON WEAVE, WITH >=85% COTTON, >100G/M2 BUT < 200G/M2 Italy 77,165.77 1,808,406.39

52121400 Coloured woven fabrics of cotton, =<200g/m2, nes Belgium 84,369.00 2,283,849.57

52121400 Coloured woven fabrics of cotton, =<200g/m2, nes Italy 127,891.04 4,029,386.84

61051000 MEN'S OR BOYS' SHIRTS OF COTTON, KNITTED OR CROCHETED United States 51,656.00 16,353.00 1,242,993.99

61091000 T-SHIRTS, SINGLETS AND OTHER VESTS, OF COTTON, KNITTED OR CROCHETED United States 66,636.00 16,989.40 1,169,428.60

61099000 T-SHIRTS, SINGLETS, ETC, OF OTHER TEXTILES, NES, KNITTED OR CROCHETED United States 133,179.00 70,650.12 2,598,883.93

62034900 MEN'S OR BOYS' TROUSERS, BREECHES OF OTHER TEXTILES, NES United States 216,154.00 97,824.60 1,738,763.02

62041200 WOMEN'S OR GIRLS' SUITS OF COTTON United States 6,707.00 17,036.70 1,117,957.57

62071900 MEN'S OR BOYS' UNDERPANTS AND BRIEFS OF TEXTILE MATERIALS, NES United States 180,710.00 58,150.54 1,169,166.95

63021000 Bed linen, knitted or crocheted Italy 40,085.90 1,369,928.55

63022100 Printed bed-linen of cotton (excl. knitted or crocheted) Italy 59,546.98 2,067,413.78

63023100 Bed linen of cotton (excl. printed, knitted or crocheted) Italy 27,936.00 1,035,513.63

63039100 Curtains and interior blinds; curtain or bed valances of cotton France 42,318.00 1,297,722.16

63039100 Curtains and interior blinds; curtain or bed valances of cotton Germany 170,211.23 5,715,038.57



63039100 Curtains and interior blinds; curtain or bed valances of cotton Italy 47,586.00 1,472,269.50

63039100 Curtains and interior blinds; curtain or bed valances of cotton Sweden 50,420.00 1,615,402.06

63039100 Curtains and interior blinds; curtain or bed valances of cotton

United Kingdom 110,372.81 3,605,577.81

63039100 Curtains and interior blinds; curtain or bed valances of cotton United States 129,376.00 4,157,824.79

63041900 Bedspreads (excl. knitted or crocheted) Djibouti 2,216.00 91,344.02 63041900 Bedspreads (excl. knitted or crocheted) France 65,233.00 2,134,372.51 63041900 Bedspreads (excl. knitted or crocheted) Germany 71,015.17 2,457,753.44 63041900 Bedspreads (excl. knitted or crocheted) Italy 61,470.00 2,153,393.08 63041900 Bedspreads (excl. knitted or crocheted) Sweden 96,775.00 3,213,462.79 63051000 Sacks and bags, used for packing goods, of jute, etc Belgium 68,246.36 1,056,340.64

64035900 FOOTWEAR WITH LEATHER SOLES AND UPPERS, NOT COVERING THE ANKLE Italy 15,157.00 20,074.00 1,329,370.21

64039100 FOOTWEAR WITH RUBBER... SOLES AND LEATHER UPPERS, COVERING THE ANKLE Italy 15,692.00 22,228.00 1,447,163.09

64039900

FOOTWEAR WITH RUBBER... SOLES, LEATHER UPPERS, NOT COVERING THE ANKLE Italy 223,228.00 310,052.00 20,543,900.05

71081300 Semi-manufactured gold (incl. gold plated with platinum), non-monetary Swaziland 10.17 1,490,391.80

71081300 Semi-manufactured gold (incl. gold plated with platinum), non-monetary Switzerland 3,451.36 446,331,930.67

72042900 Waste and scrap of alloy steel (excl. stainless) United Arab Emirates 32,000.00 1,265,198.40

72044900 Ferrous waste and scrap, nes United Arab Emirates 1,576,503.00 1,847,942.53

74032100 Brass, unwrought United Arab Emirates 484,000.00 1,168,446.42

74040000 Copper waste and scrap Belgium 64,000.00 2,531,001.60 76020000 Aluminium waste and scrap India 332,768.00 3,998,391.32

76020000 Aluminium waste and scrap United Arab Emirates 950,530.00 4,887,113.60

84311000 Parts of machinery of 84.25 China 58,330.00 10,965,986.85

87079000 BODIES (INCL. CABS) FOR THE MOTOR VEHICLES, NES

United Arab Emirates 6.00 7,701.00 1,569,968.54

Annex XI. Selected Import Items for the Year 2006 (Above ETB 1 Million)

HS Code HS_Description Country (Origin) Qty. NM(Kg) CIF Value (ETB)

04021000 Milk and cream in solid forms of =<1.5% fat India 0.00 108500.00 2149778.02

04021000 Milk and cream in solid forms of =<1.5% fat Iran, Islamic Republic of 0.00 23436.00 1177886.97

04021000 Milk and cream in solid forms of =<1.5% fat Ireland 0.00 132118.00 8809529.34

04021000 Milk and cream in solid forms of =<1.5% fat Netherlands 0.00 57000.00 1185698.23

04021000 Milk and cream in solid forms of =<1.5% fat Netherlands 0.00 57000.00 1185698.23

04021000 Milk and cream in solid forms of =<1.5% fat Ukraine 0.00 75400.00 1415293.70

04022100 Milk and cream in solid forms of >1.5% fat, unsweetened Netherlands 0.00 676260.00 24824155.84

04022900 Milk and cream in solid forms of >1.5% fat, sweetened France 0.00 97377.20 2099487.28

04022900 Milk and cream in solid forms of >1.5% fat, sweetened France 0.00 42967.20 1440681.12

04029900 Sweetened milk and cream (excl. in solid form) France 0.00 50411.00 1320270.94

04049000 Products consisting of natural milk constituents, nes France 0.00 142671.80 3598018.81

06011000 DORMANT BULBS, TUBERS... RHIZOMES India 78500.0

0 818.00 1482335.86

06011000 DORMANT BULBS, TUBERS... RHIZOMES Kenya 306650

5.00 41167.00 15005560.57

06021000 UNROOTED CUTTINGS AND SLIPS Germany 563344.

00 10394.00 4994424.19

06021000 UNROOTED CUTTINGS AND SLIPS Kenya 1878156 57375.00 29764764.78



06021000 UNROOTED CUTTINGS AND SLIPS Netherlands 141979

0.00 18713.00 3846216.65

06021000 UNROOTED CUTTINGS AND SLIPS Spain 527300.

00 3094.00 1210825.00

06024000 ROSES France 86400.0

0 6626.00 1898085.62

06024000 ROSES India 284651.

00 6513.00 11072692.72

06024000 ROSES Kenya 193035

0.00 152553.00 24423226.81

06024000 ROSES Netherlands 103374

0.00 41041.00 7106026.11

06024000 ROSES Netherlands 103374

0.00 41041.00 7106026.11

06029000 Other live plants,nes India 0.00 4000.00 9612797.77

06029000 Other live plants,nes Israel 0.00 6675.00 3076360.96

06029000 Other live plants,nes Kenya 0.00 16591.00 2151217.39

06029000 Other live plants,nes Uganda 0.00 12127.00 2070096.78

06031000 Fresh cut flowers and buds Israel 155458

0.00 17124.00 4308821.47

06031000 Fresh cut flowers and buds Kenya 665271.

00 32965.00 2976125.25

06031000 Fresh cut flowers and buds Netherlands 250955.

00 19402.00 3933749.05

07081000 Peas, fresh or chilled United States 0.00 2032103.00 7956398.69

07131000 Dried peas, shelled Italy 0.00 11628350.00 41405093.76

07131000 Dried peas, shelled United States 0.00 3784100.00 16057410.58

07134000 Dried lentils, shelled Italy 0.00 4037750.00 18120214.04

07134000 Dried lentils, shelled Italy 0.00 4037750.00 18120214.04

08041000 Dates, fresh or dried Saudi Arabia 0.00 1145178.29 3744587.09

08062000 Dried grapes Turkey 0.00 250000.00 3202150.29

08062000 Dried grapes Turkey 0.00 250000.00 3202150.29

08103000 Black, white or red currants and gooseberries, fresh Iran, Islamic Republic of 0.00 42920.00 331110.37

09023000

BLACK TEA FERMENTED/PARTLY FERMENTED,FLAVOURED OR NOT,IN PACKINGS OF <=3KG Sri Lanka 0.00 1638.60 162080.50

09061000 Cinnamon and cinnamon-tree flowers, neither crushed and ground China 0.00 179465.00 1418517.06

09070000 Cloves (whole fruit, cloves and stems) Kenya 0.00 171856.00 1165748.32

10011000 Durum wheat Australia 0.00 20100000.00 42121940.84

10011000 Durum wheat Canada 0.00 9068950.00 19009883.64

10011000 Durum wheat Italy 0.00 51894970.00 101559053.64

10011000 Durum wheat Ukraine 0.00 13880552.00 29746102.21

10011000 Durum wheat United States 0.00 84806092.00 191400198.31

10019000 Spelt, common wheat and meslin Andorra 0.00 403750.00 1976576.15

10019000 Spelt, common wheat and meslin Italy 0.00 107529706.0

0 205768891.59

10019000 Spelt, common wheat and meslin United States 0.00 40621729.00 137293513.89

10051000 Maize seed South Africa 0.00 4836.00 1344718.45

10061000 Rice in the husk (paddy or rough) United States 0.00 5460000.00 25342763.00

10063000 Semi-milled or wholly milled rice India 0.00 8185156.00 22959344.23




10063000 Semi-milled or wholly milled rice Indonesia 0.00 1000000.00 2746773.55

10063000 Semi-milled or wholly milled rice Pakistan 0.00 192370.00 1043275.45



10063000 Semi-milled or wholly milled rice Pakistan 0.00 586630.00 3598077.48

10063000 Semi-milled or wholly milled rice Thailand 0.00 2040000.00 5469704.31

10063000 Semi-milled or wholly milled rice United States 0.00 502367.46 2479187.47

10064000 Broken rice India 0.00 1852000.00 5355732.55

10064000 Broken rice India 0.00 439250.00 1239849.10

10064000 Broken rice United States 0.00 487060.00 2403955.96

10089000 Other cereal, nes Italy 0.00 500075.00 1715573.78

10089000 Other cereal, nes Kenya 0.00 2404100.00 7845138.69

11010000 Wheat or meslin flour Italy 0.00 318675.00 1346283.56

11010000 Wheat or meslin flour United Arab Emirates 0.00 816010.00 1988604.77

11029000 Other cereal flour, nes United States 0.00 1375658.00 8530034.24

11031300 Groats and meal of maize (corn) United States 0.00 927000.00 4886685.37

11041200 Rolled or flaked oat grains United Kingdom 0.00 57000.00 1104344.43

11042300 Other worked grains of maize (corn), nes United States 0.00 15501967.00 51253536.87

11071000 Malt not roasted Belgium 0.00 20335575.00 92253096.44

11071000 Malt not roasted France 0.00 3699700.00 19278096.96

11071000 Malt not roasted France 0.00 434201.00 2258841.92

11071000 Malt not roasted Germany 0.00 1495000.00 7673447.98

11071000 Malt not roasted Netherlands 0.00 336400.00 1750648.61



12010000 Soya beans Italy 0.00 3438825.00 10966468.13

12010000 Soya beans United Arab Emirates 0.00 500000.00 1646191.27

12010000 Soya beans United States 0.00 500000.00 1666422.98

12071000 Palm nuts and kernels France 0.00 116571.00 4025178.79

12071000 Palm nuts and kernels France 0.00 80012.00 2996493.66

12089000 Other flours and meal of oil seeds or oleaginous fruit, nes Denmark 0.00 71030.00 2422720.46

12089000 Other flours and meal of oil seeds or oleaginous fruit, nes France 0.00 441373.80 14692701.36

12089000 Other flours and meal of oil seeds or oleaginous fruit, nes France 0.00 291411.60 10054431.61

12099100 Vegetable seed, of a kind used for sowing Denmark 0.00 18721.00 1347535.88

12099100 Vegetable seed, of a kind used for sowing Italy 0.00 3468.02 1013025.98

12099100 Vegetable seed, of a kind used for sowing Netherlands 0.00 64597.30 8158889.71

12102000 Hop cones, ground, powdered or in pellets; lupulin Germany 0.00 25995.00 2905358.11

13019000 NATURAL GUMS,RESINS,GUM-RESINS,NATURAL OLEOR'INS/BALSAMS (EXCL. GUMARABIC) Singapore 0.00 635782.00 4749069.88

13021300 Hop extract China 0.00 6000.00 2180382.38

13021300 Hop extract Germany 0.00 4608.00 1686531.20

13021300 Hop extract Germany 0.00 47652.00 6391706.96

15079010 ---EDIBLE SOYA BEAN OIL Egypt 0.00 2802345.88 20481838.94

15079010 ---EDIBLE SOYA BEAN OIL Malaysia 0.00 398520.00 2272366.71



15079010 ---EDIBLE SOYA BEAN OIL Turkey 0.00 206445.60 1568542.11

15079090 ---OTHER NON-EDIBLE SOYA BEAN OIL India 0.00 300010.00 2242627.10

15089010 ---EDIBLE GROUND NUT OIL Turkey 0.00 197280.00 1432727.82

15119010 ---EDIBLE PALM OIL Egypt 0.00 5656183.00 36977304.92

15119010 ---EDIBLE PALM OIL Indonesia 0.00 428452.00 2509563.52

15119010 ---EDIBLE PALM OIL Indonesia 0.00 184571.60 1249928.09



15119010 ---EDIBLE PALM OIL Malaysia 0.00 19986435.54 115349750.84

15119010 ---EDIBLE PALM OIL Malaysia 0.00 4509171.39 25506191.53

15119010 ---EDIBLE PALM OIL Mali 0.00 555576.96 3462657.08

15119010 ---EDIBLE PALM OIL Singapore 0.00 309816.00 1760991.41

15119010 ---EDIBLE PALM OIL United Arab Emirates 0.00 269384.03 1618643.00

15119010 ---EDIBLE PALM OIL United Arab Emirates 0.00 641189.35 3860146.10

15119010 ---EDIBLE PALM OIL United States 0.00 2322218.80 24032402.43

15119090 --- OTHER NON-EDIBLE PALM OIL Indonesia 0.00 210000.00 1054280.85

15119090 --- OTHER NON-EDIBLE PALM OIL Malaysia 0.00 2206112.00 10714673.15

15119090 --- OTHER NON-EDIBLE PALM OIL Malaysia 0.00 1533280.00 7546094.42

15119090 --- OTHER NON-EDIBLE PALM OIL Saudi Arabia 0.00 1290920.00 4228948.51

15131910 --- EDIBLE COCONUT OIL Malaysia 0.00 334373.82 2690305.90

15131990 --- OTHER NON-EDIBLE COCONUT OIL Malaysia 0.00 520870.00 3763225.04

15132910 --- EDIBLE PALM KERNEL OR BABASSU OIL FRACTION Indonesia 0.00 465268.00 2729670.96

15132910 --- EDIBLE PALM KERNEL OR BABASSU OIL FRACTION Malaysia 0.00 478019.00 2691933.67

15151100 Crude linseed oil India 0.00 304000.00 2518864.63

15151910 --- EDIBLE LINSEED OIL Egypt 0.00 560672.00 3845749.50

15151910 --- EDIBLE LINSEED OIL Singapore 0.00 223488.00 1246417.51

15151910 --- EDIBLE LINSEED OIL United Arab Emirates 0.00 165361.12 1262894.65

15151910 --- EDIBLE LINSEED OIL United Arab Emirates 0.00 208636.00 1185215.60

15151910 --- EDIBLE LINSEED OIL United States 0.00 5430191.00 42645822.42

15155010 --- EDIBLE SESAME OIL Tokelau 0.00 838836.00 1952297.53

15159010 --- EDIBLE OTHER FIXED OIL VEGETABLE FATS AND FRACTIONS ,NES Italy 0.00 1129853.38 8842547.84

15159010 --- EDIBLE OTHER FIXED OIL VEGETABLE FATS AND FRACTIONS ,NES Malaysia 0.00 217800.00 1280920.56

15159010 --- EDIBLE OTHER FIXED OIL VEGETABLE FATS AND FRACTIONS ,NES United States 0.00 570014.00 6039933.47

15161010 --- EDIBLE ANIMAL FATS AND OILS United States 0.00 3230019.00 33783114.87

15162010 --- EDIBLE VEGETABLE FATS AND OILS Italy 0.00 3294820.40 26389681.85

15162010 --- EDIBLE VEGETABLE FATS AND OILS Malaysia 0.00 1705919.00 11601916.45

15162010 --- EDIBLE VEGETABLE FATS AND OILS Malaysia 0.00 300765.00 1691620.18

15162010 --- EDIBLE VEGETABLE FATS AND OILS Singapore 0.00 151340.00 1145846.83

15162010 --- EDIBLE VEGETABLE FATS AND OILS United Arab Emirates 0.00 371769.20 2694566.60

15162010 --- EDIBLE VEGETABLE FATS AND OILS United States 0.00 1329941.00 13168049.54

15179000 Edible preparations of fats and oils, nes Egypt 0.00 997404.20 6711262.30

15179000 Edible preparations of fats and oils, nes Indonesia 0.00 732835.00 3801199.84

15179000 Edible preparations of fats and oils, nes Indonesia 0.00 421731.00 2185258.04

15179000 Edible preparations of fats and oils, nes Malaysia 0.00 3560907.08 20381021.40

15179000 Edible preparations of fats and oils, nes Malaysia 0.00 850115.16 4851500.62

15179000 Edible preparations of fats and oils, nes Mali 0.00 230880.00 1157056.08

15179000 Edible preparations of fats and oils, nes Singapore 0.00 285260.00 1697186.67

15179000 Edible preparations of fats and oils, nes Yemen 0.00 7197412.00 53679411.75

15219090 --- OTHER BEESWAX , INSECT WAXES Malaysia 0.00 442427.40 2311151.67

15220000 Degras; residues of fatty substances or animal or vegetable waxes Indonesia 0.00 771552.00 3967288.68

15220000 Degras; residues of fatty substances or animal or vegetable waxes Malaysia 0.00 690879.00 3382930.98

17011100 Raw cane sugar, in solid form Belgium 0.00 25300.00 1408420.86

17011100 Raw cane sugar, in solid form Brazil 0.00 17253333.76 80989115.97





17011100 Raw cane sugar, in solid form France 0.00 253810.00 1344418.61

17011100 Raw cane sugar, in solid form France 0.00 253000.00 1073913.99

17011100 Raw cane sugar, in solid form India 0.00 20000000.00 86853246.40

17011100 Raw cane sugar, in solid form Saudi Arabia 0.00 8088014.00 27179597.65

17011100 Raw cane sugar, in solid form Saudi Arabia 0.00 700000.00 2267483.26

17011100 Raw cane sugar, in solid form United Arab Emirates 0.00 826518.00 2334825.63

17019900 Cane or beet sugar, in solid form, nes Brazil 0.00 357500.00 1621899.54

17019900 Cane or beet sugar, in solid form, nes Brazil 0.00 1140000.00 3489420.78

17019900 Cane or beet sugar, in solid form, nes India 0.00 500000.00 1521035.65

17019900 Cane or beet sugar, in solid form, nes United Arab Emirates 0.00 1000000.00 2986564.62

17023000 Glucose and glucose syrup, containing <20% fructose India 0.00 327161.00 1215980.84

17023000 Glucose and glucose syrup, containing <20% fructose Thailand 0.00 1019520.00 3433279.46

17024000 Glucose and glucose syrup, containing >=20% but <50% fructose China 0.00 351900.00 1253991.63

17024000 Glucose and glucose syrup, containing >=20% but <50% fructose India 0.00 1467000.00 5047224.34

17029000 Artificial honey, caramel and other sugars (incl. invert sugar), nes China 0.00 173115.00 1005546.40

17029000 Artificial honey, caramel and other sugars (incl. invert sugar), nes Germany 0.00 119520.00 1064612.09

17041000 Chewing gum China 0.00 402403.96 6734264.23

17041000 Chewing gum Kenya 0.00 1257121.00 11246176.98

17041000 Chewing gum Korea, Republic of 0.00 260275.94 7084631.39

17041000 Chewing gum Pakistan 0.00 596486.00 4411321.19

17041000 Chewing gum Saudi Arabia 0.00 450777.00 5332106.79

17041000 Chewing gum Turkey 0.00 175798.90 2200799.32

17041000 Chewing gum United Republic of Tanzania 0.00 164225.00 1018777.85

17049000 Sugar confectionery (incl. white chocolate), not containing cocoa, nes China 0.00 225480.84 1892141.85

17049000 Sugar confectionery (incl. white chocolate), not containing cocoa, nes Egypt 0.00 250382.56 2063121.28

17049000 Sugar confectionery (incl. white chocolate), not containing cocoa, nes Yemen 0.00 167347.00 1550395.58

19011000 Preparations for infant use, for retail sale, of flour, etc Belgium 0.00 31948.00 1859754.32

19011000 Preparations for infant use, for retail sale, of flour, etc Egypt 0.00 78141.20 2518694.27

19011000 Preparations for infant use, for retail sale, of flour, etc France 0.00 38849.00 1932413.46

19011000 Preparations for infant use, for retail sale, of flour, etc Netherlands 0.00 183587.00 9353455.77

19019010 --- OTHER FOOD PREPARATION OF FLOUR , ETC ,MALT EXTRACT Germany 0.00 18873.00 1521765.21

19019090 --- OTHER FOOD PREPARATIONS OF FLOUR ..ETC,NES, United States 0.00 4612968.00 16243071.34

19021990 --- UNCOOKED PASTA , NOT CONTAINING EGGS ,NOT STUFFED ,NES Italy 0.00 555271.82 3802161.54

19021990 --- UNCOOKED PASTA , NOT CONTAINING EGGS ,NOT STUFFED ,NES Turkey 0.00 581888.00 2713047.05

19021990 --- UNCOOKED PASTA , NOT CONTAINING EGGS ,NOT STUFFED ,NES

United Arab Emirates 0.00 811906.61 3148208.48

19049000 Prepared cereals in grain form (excl. maize) Denmark 0.00 518400.00 1668215.70

19049000 Prepared cereals in grain form (excl. maize) Denmark 0.00 604800.00 1946122.83

19049000 Prepared cereals in grain form (excl. maize) Italy 0.00 21102333.75 65474767.11

19049000 Prepared cereals in grain form (excl. maize) United States 0.00 2620060.00 9137279.56

19053190 ---OTHER ;INFANT OR INVALID FOODS Yemen 0.00 1130406.00 9896668.03

19053210 ---INFANT OR INVALID FOODS Belgium 0.00 4361.00 2598568.46

20082000 Pineapples, prepared or preserved (excl. those of 20.06 and 20.07) Thailand 0.00 466996.10 2923429.59

20094900 PINEAPPLE JUICE : (EXCLUDING 2009.4100) Thailand 0.00 181868.00 1225801.32

20098000 Juice of other single fruit, unfermented, not containing added spirit Saudi Arabia 0.00 222894.00 1503589.13



20098000 Juice of other single fruit, unfermented, not containing added spirit United Arab Emirates 0.00 826568.62 4698078.01

21021000 Active yeasts Belgium 0.00 59560.00 1084407.52

21021000 Active yeasts France 0.00 518268.00 9638608.68

21021000 Active yeasts France 0.00 42617.00 1176275.69

21021000 Active yeasts Iran, Islamic Republic of 0.00 220540.00 1226953.31

21021000 Active yeasts Turkey 0.00 839651.00 13636291.74

21023000 Prepared baking powders Kenya 0.00 141360.00 1367417.72

21042000 Homogenized composite food preparations New Zealand 0.00 108000.00 3758795.89

21069010 ---INFANT OR INVALID FOODS;FLAVOURED OR COLOURED SYRUPS(EXCL FRUIT JUICE) United States 0.00 295877.00 1506373.08

21069020 --- OF A KIND USED IN NON ALCOLIC DRINKS INDUST.OR PREPARING OR FLAV.FOOD Saudi Arabia 0.00 125562.60 1215793.11

21069050 --- VITAMINS,MINERALS AND OTHER FOOD SUPPLIEMENTS Turkey 0.00 20250.00 1017203.91

21069090 --- OTHER FOOD PREPARATIONS, NES Turkey 0.00 77474.00 1511433.34

21069090 --- OTHER FOOD PREPARATIONS, NES United States 0.00 88023.55 1113790.52

21069090 --- OTHER FOOD PREPARATIONS, NES Yemen 0.00 196850.00 1606151.17

22042100 WINE (NOT SPARKLING); GRAPE MUST WITH BY ALCOHOL IN: <=2L CONTAINERS South Africa

55007.00 193591.75 2311391.12

22042900 WINE (NOT SPARKLING); GRAPE MUST WITH ALCOHOL IN: >=2L CONTAINERS South Africa 2832.00 23673.28 195245.67

22083000 WHISKEYS Netherlands 177122.

00 255383.55 14400917.41

22083000 WHISKEYS United Kingdom 17115.0

0 66031.00 4402242.59

22083000 WHISKEYS United Kingdom 3025.00 26340.61 3241345.93


0 26182.66 2000824.03


0 43368.00 1141478.42


0 100780.16 2993092.55

22085000 GIN AND GENEVA United Kingdom 24960.0

0 25770.26 1568230.06

23099000 Other preparations of a kind used in animal feeding, nes Netherlands 0.00 290376.00 1957040.46

24012000 Tobacco, partly or wholly stemmed/stripped Brazil 0.00 237600.00 8771179.86

24012000 Tobacco, partly or wholly stemmed/stripped India 0.00 1089990.00 20450855.92

24022000 Cigarettes containing tobacco Kenya 0.00 235728.20 32487161.63

25010010 --- FOOD(TABLE) SALT,SALT LIQUORS OR SEA WATER Djibouti 0.00 9794320.00 3409369.34

25030000 Sulphur of all kinds (excl. sublimed, precipitated and colloidal sulphur) Saudi Arabia 0.00 890459.00 1482763.24

25070000 Kaolin and other kaolinic clays, whether or not calcined South Africa 0.00 660000.00 1233229.38

25169000 Porphyry, sylnite, etc, merely cut into a square or rectangular shape Italy 0.00 28104.30 1039892.86

25232100 White portland cement Egypt 0.00 17948400.00 16583778.38

25232900 Portland cement (excl. white) China 0.00 441903.00 411886.57

25232900 Portland cement (excl. white) Egypt 0.00 16000000.00 19618094.50

25232900 Portland cement (excl. white) Malaysia 0.00 6000000.00 6820455.60

27075000 Aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures which >=65% distils at 250xc Belgium 0.00 88800.00 1023966.05

27079900 Other oils and oil products, nes United Kingdom 0.00 71190.00 2068287.22

27101100 LIGHT OILS AND PREPARATIONS Indonesia 0.00 275400.00 2372716.55

27101910 ---BENZENE,BENZINIE,GASOLINE,PETROL AND OTHER MOTOR SPIRITS,REGULAR OR SUP Saudi Arabia 0.00 76045007.00 443382139.20

27101910 ---BENZENE,BENZINIE,GASOLINE,PETROL AND OTHER MOTOR SPIRITS,REGULAR OR SUP Sudan 0.00

107687286.00 539382537.86

27101920 ---WHITE OILS India 0.00 529916.00 5066246.65

27101920 ---WHITE OILS Iran, Islamic Republic of 0.00 148372.00 1134626.20



27101990 ---OTHER PETROLEUM OILS AND OILS OBTAINED FROM BITUMINOUS MIN...

Iran, Islamic Republic of 0.00 428358.00 3689302.33

27101990 ---OTHER PETROLEUM OILS AND OILS OBTAINED FROM BITUMINOUS MIN... Saudi Arabia 0.00 14808856.00 82551613.11

27101990 ---OTHER PETROLEUM OILS AND OILS OBTAINED FROM BITUMINOUS MIN... Saudi Arabia 0.00

1340963196.00 6896088149.65

27101990 ---OTHER PETROLEUM OILS AND OILS OBTAINED FROM BITUMINOUS MIN... Saudi Arabia 0.00 79923893.81 285290697.20

27101990 ---OTHER PETROLEUM OILS AND OILS OBTAINED FROM BITUMINOUS MIN... Singapore 0.00 1176248.12 12948011.42

27101990 ---OTHER PETROLEUM OILS AND OILS OBTAINED FROM BITUMINOUS MIN... South Africa 0.00 124590.00 1538585.41

27101990 ---OTHER PETROLEUM OILS AND OILS OBTAINED FROM BITUMINOUS MIN... Spain 0.00 647464.00 8871423.31

27101990 ---OTHER PETROLEUM OILS AND OILS OBTAINED FROM BITUMINOUS MIN... Sudan 0.00 3507346.00 11606690.60

27101990 ---OTHER PETROLEUM OILS AND OILS OBTAINED FROM BITUMINOUS MIN... Turkey 0.00 839472.80 13719640.79





27101990 ---OTHER PETROLEUM OILS AND OILS OBTAINED FROM BITUMINOUS MIN... United Kingdom 0.00 36587190.00 172837995.76

27109900 WASTE OILS EXCLUDING THOSE OF HS 27109100 United Arab Emirates 0.00 111058.00 1819750.67

27111300 Butanes, liquefied Sudan 0.00 3518599.00 15294440.96

27121000 Petroleum jelly India 0.00 416863.72 4117331.60

27121000 Petroleum jelly Iran, Islamic Republic of 0.00 2786748.00 23089329.32

27121000 Petroleum jelly Turkey 0.00 473580.00 4407941.81

27122000 Paraffin wax, containing <0.75% oil China 0.00 148908.00 1336182.05

27122000 Paraffin wax, containing <0.75% oil Egypt 0.00 526400.00 5301032.99

27122000 Paraffin wax, containing <0.75% oil India 0.00 438912.16 4108626.70

27122000 Paraffin wax, containing <0.75% oil Iran, Islamic Republic of 0.00 1128969.24 8906981.59

27129000 Other paraffin wax... and similar products, nes Egypt 0.00 280000.00 2078633.49

27132000 Petroleum bitumen Egypt 0.00 786653.00 2504097.75

27132000 Petroleum bitumen Iran, Islamic Republic of 0.00 500000.00 1486305.34

27132000 Petroleum bitumen United Arab Emirates 0.00 659551.00 1665925.32

27139000 Other residues of petroleum oils , etc United Arab Emirates 0.00 1000000.00 3745422.50

27141000 Bituminous or oil shale and tar sands Egypt 0.00 2293226.00 7325100.98

27141000 Bituminous or oil shale and tar sands Egypt 0.00 2845747.00 7956935.60

27141000 Bituminous or oil shale and tar sands Iran, Islamic Republic of 0.00 1030372.00 3472877.76

27141000 Bituminous or oil shale and tar sands Saudi Arabia 0.00 2038400.00 5632760.77

27141000 Bituminous or oil shale and tar sands Turkey 0.00 1135816.00 3222615.46

27141000 Bituminous or oil shale and tar sands United Arab Emirates 0.00 798320.00 1994983.02

27149000 Bitumen and asphalt; natural asphaltites and asphaltic rocks Egypt 0.00 1573990.00 5139482.44

27149000 Bitumen and asphalt; natural asphaltites and asphaltic rocks Egypt 0.00 1552479.00 4139458.89

27149000 Bitumen and asphalt; natural asphaltites and asphaltic rocks Iran, Islamic Republic of 0.00 420410.00 1035574.80

27150000 Bituminous mixtures based on natural asphalt, bitumen...(eg. cut-backs) Egypt 0.00 1001144.00 2579075.69



27150000 Bituminous mixtures based on natural asphalt, bitumen... Saudi Arabia 0.00 6599094.00 20918919.83



27150000 Bituminous mixtures based on natural asphalt, bitumen...(eg. cut-backs)


28011000 Chlorine India 0.00 390956.00 3264048.09

28020000 Sulphur, sublimed or precipitated; colloidal sulphur Saudi Arabia 0.00 700000.00 1253590.53

28030000 Carbon (carbon blacks and other forms of carbon, nes) China 0.00 896705.00 9139346.49

28061000 Hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid) India 0.00 1166188.64 2298937.62

28170000 Zinc oxide; zinc peroxide China 0.00 79459.77 1714211.00

28183000 Aluminium hydroxide India 0.00 400000.00 1688325.73

28211000 Iron oxides and hydroxides China 0.00 150808.10 1259364.64

28230000 Titanium oxides Germany 0.00 80000.00 1454665.61

28230000 Titanium oxides Ukraine 0.00 200000.00 3416006.76

28230000 Titanium oxides Ukraine 0.00 400000.00 6602636.99

28273100 Magnesium chloride China 0.00 1941720.00 2790764.74

28281000 Commercial calcium hypochlorite and other calcium hypochlorites China 0.00 132320.00 1128495.52

28331900 Sodium sulphates (excl. disodium sulphate) China 0.00 871138.00 1351560.20

28332200 Sulphates of aluminium India 0.00 937251.90 2654306.45

28332300 Sulphates of chromium Turkey 0.00 375000.00 3416454.02

28342900 Nitrates of barium; of beryllium; of cadmium; of cobalt...etc, nes Sweden 0.00 240000.00 1113359.37

28353100 Sodium triphosphate (sodium tripolyphosphates) China 0.00 271500.00 1647918.19

28362000 Disodium carbonate Kenya 0.00 758215.00 1684044.49

28365000 Calcium carbonate Thailand 0.00 292400.00 1644062.10

32041700 Pigments and preparations based thereon India 0.00 166255.03 3602063.95

32041700 Pigments and preparations based thereon United Arab Emirates 0.00 109461.00 2558126.06

32061100 PIGMENTS & PREPARATNS BASED ON TITANIUM DIOXIDE,CONT.=>80%TITANIUM DIOXIDE Finland 0.00 10000.00 1844916.53

32061100 PIGMENTS & PREPARATNS BASED ON TITANIUM DIOXIDE,CONT.=>80%TITANIUM DIOXIDE Saudi Arabia 0.00 260000.00 4716901.57

32061100 PIGMENTS & PREPARATNS BASED ON TITANIUM DIOXIDE,CONT.=>80%TITANIUM DIOXIDE Saudi Arabia 0.00 60000.00 1113093.09

32089000 Paints and varnishes, in a non-aqueous medium, nes Italy 0.00 135059.75 6161730.14

32089000 Paints and varnishes, in a non-aqueous medium, nes Spain 0.00 41210.00 1488508.87

32110000 Prepared driers United Arab Emirates 0.00 46077.00 1055142.84

32149000 Non-refractory surfacing preparations Italy 0.00 55429.59 1599577.91

32149000 Non-refractory surfacing preparations United Arab Emirates 0.00 121068.59 1301285.00

32149000 Non-refractory surfacing preparations United States 0.00 41679.00 1369615.72

33021010 --- OF KIND USED IN NON-ALCHOLIC DRINK INDUS. OR IN PREPAR.OF FLAVOUR FOOD India 0.00 55123.96 2931457.85

33021010 --- OF KIND USED IN NON-ALCHOLIC DRINK INDUS. OR IN PREPAR.OF FLAVOUR FOOD Ireland 0.00 516127.00 59745983.75

33021010 --- OF KIND USED IN NON-ALCHOLIC DRINK INDUS. OR IN PREPAR.OF FLAVOUR FOOD Italy 0.00 16691.00 1477026.17

33021010 --- OF KIND USED IN NON-ALCHOLIC DRINK INDUS. OR IN PREPAR.OF FLAVOUR FOOD Swaziland 0.00 25044.00 4056853.55

33021010 --- OF KIND USED IN NON-ALCHOLIC DRINK INDUS. OR IN PREPAR.OF FLAVOUR FOOD Swaziland 0.00 212090.15 40860015.86

33059000 Preparations for use on the hair, nes Italy 0.00 152405.00 1056843.19

33059000 Preparations for use on the hair, nes Kenya 0.00 85102.00 1829291.70

33059000 Preparations for use on the hair, nes Thailand 0.00 40599.79 1102773.93

33061000 Dentifrices Kenya 0.00 19924.00 1030401.73

33074100 Agarbatti and other odiferous preparations which operate by burning India 0.00 1031929.40 21240889.47

33074100 Agarbatti and other odiferous preparations which operate by burning Singapore 0.00 238562.00 1794622.85

34011100 Soap and organic surface-active products in bars, etc, for toilet use Indonesia 0.00 1107422.49 10618666.79

34011900 Soap and organic surface-active products in bars, etc, nes Egypt 0.00 2250020.00 8463012.35



34011900 Soap and organic surface-active products in bars, etc, nes Indonesia 0.00 7639712.50 34231648.81

34011900 Soap and organic surface-active products in bars, etc, nes Indonesia 0.00 5721242.00 25683932.21

34011900 Soap and organic surface-active products in bars, etc, nes Korea, Republic of 0.00 2970640.00 14184346.55

34012010 ---SOAP NOADLES Indonesia 0.00 10205289.00 58435218.15

34012020 ---SOAP IN POWDER FORM Egypt 0.00 1024447.60 13533227.32

34012020 ---SOAP IN POWDER FORM Yemen 0.00 1628801.00 6949633.53

34021110 ---MIXTURES OF ALKYL BENZENE SULPHONIC ACID(LABSA) Korea, Republic of 0.00 946800.00 10260719.15

34021120 ---WASHING PREPARATIONS (DETEREGENTS) Yemen 0.00 2034607.00 9340185.60

34031900 Other lubricating preparations, with <70% petroleum oil, nes France 0.00 50574.59 1121912.12

34051000 Polishes, creams and similar preparations for footwear or leather China 0.00 123898.95 1907245.90

34051000 Polishes, creams and similar preparations for footwear or leather Kenya 0.00 447826.00 16992266.14

34060000 Candles, tapers and the like China 0.00 1043570.81 6750950.67

35030000 Gelatin and derivatives; isinglass; glues of animal origin (excl. 35.01) Germany 0.00 49265.00 2632894.27

35052000 Glues based on starches, dextrins or other modified starches Kenya 0.00 35261.00 1055025.46

35061000 Products put up as glues or adhesives for retail sale, =<1kg China 0.00 414097.18 3730947.27

35069100 ADHESIVES BASED ON POLYMERS OF HEADING 3901 TO 3913 OR ON RUBBER Greece 0.00 243733.50 5468023.01

35069100 ADHESIVES BASED ON POLYMERS OF HEADING 3901 TO 3913 OR ON RUBBER India 0.00 287175.57 2713523.97

35069900 Prepared glues and other prepared adhesives, nes China 0.00 226121.36 1887480.77

35069900 Prepared glues and other prepared adhesives, nes Italy 0.00 175964.21 1600796.84

36020000 Prepared explosives, (excl. propellent powders) China 0.00 451735.00 5129936.48

36020000 Prepared explosives, (excl. propellent powders) India 0.00 868558.50 10353243.77

36020000 Prepared explosives, (excl. propellent powders) Japan 0.00 172267.00 2060608.71

36020000 Prepared explosives, (excl. propellent powders) South Africa 0.00 3107683.00 25080975.68

36030000 Safety fuses; detonating fuses; caps; igniters; electric detonators India 0.00 162580.00 2914177.67

36050000 Matches (excl. pyrotechnic articles of 36.04) Pakistan 0.00 363459.00 2989686.94

37011000 PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES... FOR X-RAY, IN THE FLAT, UNEXPOSED Belgium 3955.00 12043.86 1522259.33

37013000 PLATES AND FILM, IN THE FLAT WITH ANY SIDE >255MM, UNEXPOSED Sweden 1.00 17423.00 1069899.00

37019900 PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES AND FILM, IN THE FLAT (EXCL. FOR COLOUR), UNEXPOSED China

325500.00 22558.00 2907067.15

38081000 Insecticides, put up for retail sale Kenya 0.00 10721.00 4577585.99

38081000 Insecticides, put up for retail sale Israel 0.00 156788.92 8431326.69

38083000 Herbicides, anti-sprouting products and plant growth regulators China 0.00 429582.80 7695008.54

38083000 Herbicides, anti-sprouting products and plant growth regulators India 0.00 254077.00 5385161.35

38099100 FINISHING AGENTS ETC. OF A KIND USED IN THE TEXTILE OR LIKE INDUSTRIES NES Switzerland 0.00 33127.40 1632445.44

38140000 Organic composite solvents and thinners, nes; paint or varnish removers Italy 0.00 547767.23 4932731.39

38190000 Hydraulic brake fluids and similar liquids with <70% petroleum oil France 0.00 107204.52 2230826.54

38190000 Hydraulic brake fluids and similar liquids with <70% petroleum oil Kenya 0.00 164550.00 4265474.43

38220000 DIAGNOSTIC/LAB.REAGENTS ON BACKING;PREP'D DIAGNOSTIC/LAB.REAGENTS EXC.CH30 Belgium 0.00 11001.50 5868617.85

38220000 DIAGNOSTIC/LAB.REAGENTS ON BACKING;PREP'D DIAGNOSTIC/LAB.REAGENTS EXC.CH30 Denmark 0.00 12588.00 9064070.31

38220000 DIAGNOSTIC/LAB.REAGENTS ON BACKING;PREP'D DIAGNOSTIC/LAB.REAGENTS EXC.CH30 Germany 0.00 51916.77 14371138.57

38220000 DIAGNOSTIC/LAB.REAGENTS ON BACKING;PREP'D DIAGNOSTIC/LAB.REAGENTS EXC.CH30 India 0.00 270574.98 13560546.68

38220000 DIAGNOSTIC/LAB.REAGENTS ON BACKING;PREP'D DIAGNOSTIC/LAB.REAGENTS EXC.CH30 United Kingdom 0.00 25058.85 6348147.86

38231900 Industrial monocarboxylic fatty acids & acid oils from refining nes Malaysia 0.00 3914606.00 25501682.89

38244000 Prepared additives for cements, mortars or concretes Italy 0.00 2482410.07 17618218.84



38249090 ---OTHER CHEMICAL PRODUCTS AND RESIDUAL China 0.00 349559.50 2466002.89

39011000 Polyethylene having a specific gravity <0.94, in primary forms India 0.00 707700.00 7760396.68

39011000 Polyethylene having a specific gravity <0.94, in primary forms Qatar 0.00 1231490.00 14425812.88

39011000 Polyethylene having a specific gravity <0.94, in primary forms Saudi Arabia 0.00 1076112.00 12169867.74

39012000 Polyethylene having a specific gravity >=0.94, in primary forms Saudi Arabia 0.00 6165078.00 66993501.11

39019000 Other polymers of ethylene, in primary forms, nes Belgium 0.00 0.00 174872.14

39019000 Other polymers of ethylene, in primary forms, nes China 0.00 422332.05 4566119.23

39021000 Polypropylene, in primary forms India 0.00 1789702.00 20564557.15

39021000 Polypropylene, in primary forms Saudi Arabia 0.00 1673652.00 19396563.10

39042100 Non-plasticised polyvinyl chloride mixed, in primary forms Kenya 0.00 610000.00 7058233.99

39042200 Plasticised polyvinyl chloride mixed, in primary forms Taiwan, Province of China 0.00 1288728.00 14111568.66

39049000 Polymers of halogenated olefins, in primary forms, nes Thailand 0.00 601088.00 5359728.21

39051200 Polyvinyl acetate in aqueous dispersion Jordan 0.00 1521840.00 13684721.21

39072000 Other polyethers, in primary forms, nes Netherlands 0.00 1122038.80 20115283.22

39076000 POLY(ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE), IN PRIMARY FORMS Thailand 0.00 705570.00 8457311.19

39095000 Polyurethanes, in primary forms United Arab Emirates 0.00 331792.00 3084507.37

39172900 Tubes, pipes and hoses, rigid, of other plastics, nes Israel 0.00 51162.00 3041609.96

39181090 --- FLOOR...COVERINGS OF POLYMERS OF VINYL CHLORIDE NES China 0.00 620131.97 4052171.83

39181090 --- FLOOR...COVERINGS OF POLYMERS OF VINYL CHLORIDE NES Thailand 0.00 1144610.90 6933593.99

39202000 Plates..., of polymers of propylene, not reinforced, etc Oman 0.00 186788.40 3491929.85

39202000 Plates..., of polymers of propylene, not reinforced, etc United Arab Emirates 0.00 332628.49 9569700.14

39231000 Boxes, cases, crates and similar articles of plastics Germany 0.00 9499.19 1407066.65

39231000 Boxes, cases, crates and similar articles of plastics India 0.00 62583.40 2677196.23

39232100 Sacks and bags (incl. cones) of polymers of ethylene United Arab Emirates 0.00 549170.33 2739654.10

39233010 ---BOTTLE PERFORMS OF PLASTICS Belgium 0.00 318427.00 5978049.92

39241090 ---OTHER China 0.00 584473.12 6885983.52

39269090 --- OTHER ARTICLS OF PLASTICS, NES China 0.00 663685.63 19967569.06

40012200 Technically specified natural rubber, in primary forms or in plates, etc Malaysia 0.00 721600.00 14157394.19

40091100 TUBES,PIPES AND HOSES OF VULCANISED ...NOT REINFORCED..WITHOUT FITTINGS Italy 0.00 40963.71 2157984.88

40091200 TUBES,PIPES&HOSES OF VULCANISED RUBBER...NOT REINFORCED...WITHFITTINGS Switzerland 0.00 255000.00 3462538.81

40111000 NEW PNEUMATIC TYRES, OF RUBBER OF A KIND USED ON MOTOR CARS China

142960.00 2372857.39 35184318.99

40111000 NEW PNEUMATIC TYRES, OF RUBBER OF A KIND USED ON MOTOR CARS Indonesia

45088.00 504837.00 14469952.00

40111000 NEW PNEUMATIC TYRES, OF RUBBER OF A KIND USED ON MOTOR CARS Japan

22374.00 451860.52 13387356.07

40112000 NEW PNEUMATIC TYRES, OF RUBBER OF A KIND USED ON BUSES OR LORRIES China

94153.00 7466745.77 131276391.55

40112000 NEW PNEUMATIC TYRES, OF RUBBER OF A KIND USED ON BUSES OR LORRIES China 9543.00 743682.17 14557991.03

40112000 NEW PNEUMATIC TYRES, OF RUBBER OF A KIND USED ON BUSES OR LORRIES Egypt

10485.00 807472.08 20224048.17

40112000 NEW PNEUMATIC TYRES, OF RUBBER OF A KIND USED ON BUSES OR LORRIES India

21722.00 1244339.66 27577993.03

40112000 NEW PNEUMATIC TYRES, OF RUBBER OF A KIND USED ON BUSES OR LORRIES Japan

34186.00 2856557.00 80004901.58

40131000 INNER TUBES, OF RUBBER OF A KIND USED ON MOTOR CARS, BUSES OR LORRIES China

47784.00 163226.67 3225968.95

40141000 Sheath contraceptives United States 0.00 30960.00 4413344.05

40169300 Gaskets, washers and other seals, of vulcanized rubber Germany 0.00 18572.49 3791017.59

40169300 Gaskets, washers and other seals, of vulcanized rubber Italy 0.00 192892.34 17792077.59



40169900 Articles of vulcanized rubber, nes Germany 0.00 13339.02 2154943.26

42021290 --- TRUNKS SUIT-CASES ... ETC OF TEXTILE MATERIAL China 493732.

00 245938.15 5246797.51

42021900 TRUNKS, SUIT-CASES..., ETC, NES China 650417.

00 228230.02 6110835.58

42033000 BELTS AND BANDOLIERS OF LEATHER OR COMPOSITION LEATHER China 0.00 436154.15 15195319.92

44079900 WOOD, NES SAWN OR CHIPPED LENGTHWISE, SLICED OR PEELED, >6MM THICK Australia

155649.00 2495880.00 15229651.82

44071000 CONIFEROUS WOOD SAWN OR CHIPPED LENGTHWISE, SLICED OR PEELED, >6MM THICK Austria

1373927.00 6831697.00 37881858.27

44121900 PLYWOOD, EACH PLY =<6MM THICK, NES China 193900

4.00 10407191.79 61771908.30

44219020 --- SPLINTS FOR EXECULISIVE USE IN THE MANUFACTUER OF MATCH STICS India 0.00 674718.85 5678848.06

44219020 --- SPLINTS FOR EXECULISIVE USE IN THE MANUFACTUER OF MATCH STICS Latvia 0.00 595983.00 3803222.68

45031000 Corks and stoppers of natural cork Spain 0.00 27195.00 3915002.30

47032100 Semi-bleached or bleached coniferous chemical wood pulp, soda..., nes Sweden 0.00 2326810.00 12384540.56

48010000 Newsprint, in rolls or sheets Russian Federation 0.00 1079786.00 6860313.56

48025600

PAPER&PAPERBOARD,NOT CONTAIN..FIBRES:WEIGHT>=40G/M2 BUT<150G/M2IN SHEETS India 0.00 1449875.58 10720951.17

48025600

PAPER&PAPERBOARD,NOT CONTAIN..FIBRES:WEIGHT>=40G/M2 BUT<150G/M2IN SHEETS Indonesia 0.00 6053540.54 47456892.56

48041100 Unbleached kraftliner, uncoated, in rolls or sheets Sweden 0.00 1776725.00 10432300.68

48042900 Sack kraft paper (excl. unbleached), uncoated, in rolls or sheets Russian Federation 0.00 4394962.00 28346261.27

48192000 Folding cartons, boxes and cases, of non-corrugated paper or paperboard India 0.00 380331.50 4777094.15

48201000 Registers, account books,order and receipt books, of paper, paperboard Indonesia 0.00 317913.25 4273944.78

48202000 Exercise-books China 0.00 3004617.18 19173557.97

48202000 Exercise-books India 0.00 4446799.43 32519758.01

49011000 Printed books, brochures, leaflets, etc, in single sheets United Kingdom 0.00 69872.50 3728706.15

49011000 Printed books, brochures, leaflets, etc, in single sheets United Kingdom 0.00 69872.50 3728706.15

49019900 Printed books, brochures, leaflets and similar printed matter, nes United States 0.00 263327.09 44320909.75

49119910 --- LOTTERY TICKETS India 0.00 95943.00 5288023.84

54034100 Multiple or cabled yarn of viscose rayon, nprs China 0.00 296295.00 11122762.01

54076900 OTHER WOVEN FABRICS OF SYNTH'C YARN >=85% TEXTRD/NON-TEXTRD POLYSTR FILMNT China 0.00 14122554.07 400661591.47

54076900 OTHER WOVEN FABRICS OF SYNTH'C YARN >=85% TEXTRD/NON-TEXTRD POLYSTR FILMNT China 0.00 3362633.13 89158944.54

59021000 Tyre cord fabric of high tenacity yarn of nylon or other polyamides China 0.00 370416.00 11617845.73

61033900 MEN'S OR BOYS' JACKETS... OF OTHER TEXTILES, NES, KNITTED OR CROCHETED China

652431.00 184322.84 17077852.38

61099000 T-SHIRTS, SINGLETS, ETC, OF OTHER TEXTILES, NES, KNITTED OR CROCHETED China

6294924.00 1165458.95 41952595.28

61099000 T-SHIRTS, SINGLETS, ETC, OF OTHER TEXTILES, NES, KNITTED OR CROCHETED Indonesia

2971034.00 928127.86 15753908.66

62033900 MEN'S OR BOYS' JACKETS AND BLAZERS OF OTHER TEXTILES, NES China

1079829.00 704197.71 29580183.26

62034200 MEN'S OR BOYS' TROUSERS, BREECHES, ETC, OF COTTON China 186829

5.00 919926.65 51680792.01

62099000 Babies' garments and clothing accessories of other textiles, nes China 0.00 1317657.72 51076920.76

63014000 Blankets (excl. electric blankets), etc, of synthetic fibres China 0.00 2305269.07 27045631.98

63041900 Bedspreads (excl. knitted or crocheted) China 0.00 1042629.58 29376263.08

63049210 --- MOSQUITO NETS OF COTTON (NOT KNITTED OR CROCHETED ) Viet Nam 0.00 1974985.50 195158417.77

63049210 --- MOSQUITO NETS OF COTTON (NOT KNITTED OR CROCHETED ) Viet Nam 0.00 124453.00 12155650.33

63049210 --- MOSQUITO NETS OF COTTON Viet Nam 0.00 424103.00 41448590.81



63049310 --- MOSQUITO NETS OF SYNTHETHIC FIBRES (NOT KNITTED OR CROCHETED ) Venezuela 0.00 414365.00 38362346.30

63049310 --- MOSQUITO NETS OF SYNTHETHIC FIBRES (NOT KNITTED OR CROCHETED ) Viet Nam 0.00 585900.00 57278523.71

64021900 SPORT FOOTWEAR, NES, OF RUBBER OR PLASTICS China 365602

1.00 1390500.81 35149468.56

64029900 FOOTWEAR, NES, NOT COVERING THE ANKLE, OF RUBBER OR PLASTICS China

11833300.00 5691930.20 136160390.84

66019900 UMBRELLAS AND SUN UMBRELLAS, NES China 456663

5.00 2020327.24 32158831.28

70132900 Drinking glasses (excl. of lead crystal) China 0.00 3207650.81 15728142.16

71189000 Coin of legal tender United Kingdom 0.00 288890.40 15323041.20

72029900 Ferro-alloys, nes Turkey 0.00 12340930.00 51110909.73

72072000 Semi-products of iron or non-alloy steel, >=0.25% carbon Turkey 0.00 7997800.00 38196854.47

72083900 Flat/hot-rolled iron/steel,in colis, width >=600mm, not pickled,<3mm thick India 0.00 1401320.00 5912433.56

72104900 FLATROLLED IRON/STEEL,WID.>=600MM,ZINC PLATED/COATED(EXC.ELECTROPLATED)NES India 0.00 24330613.00 199313671.55

72141000 Iron or non-alloy steel bars and rods, forged, United Arab Emirates 0.00 1.00 380.10

72142000 IRON/STEEL BARS & RODS,HOTROLLED,TWISTED/WITH DEFORMTNS FROM ROLLING PROC. Turkey 0.00 40779329.00 184116075.07

73069000 Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, riveted, of iron or steel, nes China 0.00 7089575.00 40746397.34

Date post:	16-Mar-2020
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	13 times
Download:	0 times