MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND SECONDARY SPECIAL EDUCATION

REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

TERMEZ STATE UNIVERSITY

AGRICULTURE IN UZBEKISTAN peculiarities and development

TERMEZ - 2014

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Agriculture is an important sector of the economy of Uzbekistan.

Nearly 90% of the food products consumed by the population is produced in the agrarian sector.

Uzbekistan is situated in a favorable territory of CA and possesses natural climatic conditions. As well, daily efficient temperature is 26-30°C on average and total sunny hours is more than 3600.

This natural conditions gives an opportunity to produce quality agricultural products and to yield crop several times during one year.

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Index2000 year

2008 year

2009 year

2010 year

2011 year

2012 year

2013 year

GDP 8,4 9,0 8,1 8,5 8,3 8,2 8,0

Contribution of agriculture in GDP

30,1 19,7 18,6 18,0 17,6 17,5 16,8

Production of agricultural products

3,2 4,5 5,7 6,8 6,6 7,0 6,8

GDP in Uzbekistan as well as the production volume of agricultural products is increasing year by year in a stable manner as a result of economic reforms being carried out by the government. The rate of production volume of agricultural products and GDP in Uzbekistan (in percentage):

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- 7 million 800 thousand tons of grain,

- 8 million 400 thousand tons of vegetables, as well as over

- 3 million 360 thousand tons cotton was produced in Uzbekistan in 2013.

At the moment Uzbekistan takes the 6th place in terms of cotton production and 2nd place in terms of its export.

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940 thousand tons of grain was produced in the early period of independence and we had to import around 4.5 million tons of grain for the purpose of supplying the internal demand for the most important product of the population .

At present the grain produced in Uzbekistan meets the demand of the population at full and is exported partially as well.

6Dynamics of the main agricultural crops productivity changes

per capita in Uzbekistan, quintal per hectare

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Types of products

Per norm,

кg

In practice, кg

In 1991 per norm,

%

2013

1991 2013Per

measure, %As for 1991,

%

Fruit 56,4 24,0 67,5 42,6

119,7 281,2

Grapes 25,6 24,0 40,0 93,8

156,3 166,7

Vegetables 113,0 138,6 259,0122,6

229,2 186,9

Potatoes 50,6 15,1 68,5 29,8

135,4 453,6

Melon/cucumber etc,

19,3 39,0 47,3202,1

245,1 121,3

The dynamics of agriculture production per person in Uzbekistan, in kg

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Тухум; 2,9

Сут; 11,7

Гўшт; 25,3

Полиз; 2,1Мева; 4,9

Сабзавот; 17,7

Картошка; 9,0

Ғалла; 9,4

Пахта хом-ашёси; 9,7

Structure of production according to the types of agricultural products in 2013, in percentage

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Based on the analysis of economic reforms progress carried out step by step in agriculture of Uzbekistan the following basic directions can be figured out:

*Reforms in the relations of land and water treatment;

*Reforms in the relations of property and content;

*Reforms in the field of finance-credit, tax and insurance;

*Reforms in the system of price formation and its liberalization.

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*Reforms in the relations of land and water treatment carried out in agriculture of our Republic is meant to treat efficiently land-water resources, to improve the melioration state of the land, to increase soil productivity, to develop the relations of land rent and land tax.

*The main attention is given, first of all, to privatize, to the different property types, basically to establish farming and peasantry based on private propertyship In the property-content reforms being carried out in the field of agriculture.

*

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Reforms are carried out in the field

of insurance, taxation and financing of agrarian field. In financing the agriculture preferential crediting system is established for farmers producing products for the necessity of the country. This preferential credit is given through banks from the special fund established under the Ministry of Finance and its annual interest rate is 3%. In fact, refinancing rate is 10% in Uzbekistan.

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Taxation system of entrepreneurship entities acting in agriculture is also developing. Since 1999, a single land tax is implemented instead of the previous 8 taxes. The implementation of this tax created convenience for farmers in terms of its calculation and payment process. Besides, this tax determines the basis according to the land quality rating, the distance between the land area and the centre of the district, water supply level, type of the crop.

At present this tax rate is 6% of the land measure value.

Reforms on price formation and its liberalization in

agrarian sector are meant to implement free market

relations step by step in determination of the prices for

agricultural products.