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STRATEGIES FOR MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON SMALL ISLANDS IN
INDONESIA
Ministry of Marine Affairs and FisheriesRepublic of Indonesia
Cancun, 4 December 2010
Dr. Toni RuchimatDirector of Small Islands Management
Territorial waters = 3,1 million km2ZEEI = 2,7 million km2Coastlines = 95,181kmIslands = 17,480 (formerly : 17,504)Districs/Cities on Coastal Area = More than 300out of 440more than 60 % of 234 million of Indonesianpopulation live in the coasts and small islands
ARCHIPELAGIC STATE OF INDONESIA
Present condition3
Inudation in Low Land and Back Swamp
Beach Erossion
Giant Wave and Flooding
Sea Water Intrusion to River and
Ground Water
River Level Rise
Tidaland Wave Change
Sediment Deposit Change
Global Warming
Climate change
Physical Environment
changeThe Impact of Coastal and Small Islands
Area
Sea Level Rise
Wind Rose
Change
Precipitation and Hidrology change
Atmosphere and Water Temperature
Change
Beach Morphology
Natural Ecosystem
Settlement Water Resource
Beach Infrastructures
Source : GEC
5
a. Before Sea Level Rise b. After Sea Level Rise
Coastal and small islands areas Source: Subandono (2007)
6
POLICIES AND PROGRAMS ON MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION FOR SMALL ISLANDS
7
• Act No. 32/ 2004 • authority and responsibility Local Goverment has to
conserve small islands and its natural resources and to prevent from the impacts of climate change (Article 18 )
• Act No. 27/ 2007, • obligation for integrating disaster risk reduction and
promoting adaptation and mitigation on managing coastal zone and small islands
• Gov’t Regulation No. 62/2010 • strengthening the role of outer small islands and
preventing from adverse impacts of climate change
• Roadmap of Marine and Fisheries Sector for Climate Change Impacts
LEGAL BASIS
NATIONAL POLICIES AND PROGRAMS
Monitoring, inventory and data collecting on climate change and SLR (vulnerability index)
Formulate of adjustment measures & disaster risk reduction through policy comprehensively within the framework of ICM
Mapping of areas vulnerable to SLR and recorded the increase in detail for the reduction strategy / action and adaptation policies.
Enhance of public awareness activities interm of potential impacts of climate change
9
• 8,000 coastal villages with a population 16 million inhabitants
• Relatively weak due to lack of infrastructure, education level, remote and some are isolated from administrative and social services, so that their vulnerability is higher.
• Climate change will intensively reduce resilience capacity
ADAPTATION CAPACITY OF COASTAL AND SMALL ISLANDS COMMUNITIES
10
STRUCTURES NATURAL PROTECTION EFFORTS (Mangrove, sand dune, coral reefs and forest).
ARTISANAL PROTECTION EFFORTS• breakwater, seawall, protective dike construction , stage house• Reef transplantation
NON STRUCTURES:• MAPPING OF DISASTERS AREAS• TRANSFER / RELOCATION• LAND USE, AND ZONING• ESTABLISHMENT OF SHORELINE AND RIVER• PUBLIC INFORMATION & COUNSELING• LAW ENFORCEMENT, TRAINING AND SIMULATION
OF DISASTER MITIGATION,• INTEGRATED COASTAL AND OCEAN
MANAGEMENT• POVERTY REDUCTION
REDUCING RISKS FROM THE IMPACT OF DISASTERS (SLR / WAVE, ETC)
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION EFFORTS
MID - TERM• Develop of planning hierarchial of coastal
and small islands which consist of disaster issues including climate change
• Climate Change Action Plan• Planning hierarchial of mainstreamed into
development planning system• Choosing of the technology adaptation,
effective and efficient (accommodation, protection)
• Choosing mitigation technology• Improved of institutional capacity• Sosilization and public awareness• Acceleration of District Regulationsthe that
have include of disaster-prone and disaster risk maps
• Acceleration of decision about Strategic Plan, which already contained mitigation strategies
SHORT TERM• Research to determine the role
of the Ocean etc• Strengthening of Database • Disaster-prone map compilation• Research index of vulnerability
of coastal areas and small islands
• Index of coastal vulnerability to climate change
• Preparation of risk maps of climate change
• Develop of norms, standards, guidelines and criteria on climate change mitigation and adaptation
LONG TERM • Build Climate Resilience Village (CRV)
for coastal areas• Build Climate Resilience Village (CRV)
for small islands• Adjustment level and strengthening the
building structure and main facilities in the coastal and small islands region
• Management and protection of outermost small islands as a starting point the state border
• Disaster management due to the impact hazard extreme weather events and climate variability in integrated coastal
• Adjustment of fishing management• Adjustment of aquaculture cultivation of
sea water, brackish water and freshwater
• Functioning of infrastructure and coastal and small islands ecosystems as mitigation and adaptation measure.
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
PLANNING FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION
SLR Scenario: Baddi Islands, South Sulawesi
3D Model of Baddi Island, South Sulawesi
Present condition
After 50 years
After 400 years
14
Mangrove
Plantation and Rehabilitation
EFFORTS OF MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION
15
artificial reef and tranplantation
16
Housing (Bedono village in central java)
17
Seawall Structure
REVETMENT
REVETMENT
FINANCING
National Budget Provincial and Districts
Budget Re-allocation of govt.
subsidies to better management
Collaborative funding with NGO”s
Regional and International Collaborative (CTI, MFF, etc)
Corporate Social Responsibities (CSR) with Private sectors
Thank you...Gracias ...
Further Contact:
Directorate General of Marine, Coastal and Small Islands, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries
Mina Bahari III Building 10th FloorJl. Merdeka Timur No. 16, Jakarta Pusat - Indonesia
Phone/Fax : (+62 21) 3522058www.ppk-kp3k.dkp.go.id