MINIX3 Processes

8/14/2019 MINIX3 Processes

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: :

Email: [email protected] :http://ccc.kmit.edu.tw

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2. Processes
mailto:[email protected]://ccc.kmit.edu.tw/http://ccc.kmit.edu.tw/mailto:[email protected]


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2.1. Introduction to Processes

2.1.1. The Process Model

2.1.2. Process Creation

2.1.3. Process Termination 2.1.4. Process Hierarchies

2.1.5. Process States

2.1.6. Implementation of Processes 2.1.7. Threads

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2.1 The Process Model

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2.1.2 Process Creation

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2.1.3 Process Termination

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2.1.4 Process Hierarchy

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2.1.5 Process States

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2.1.6 Implementation of

Processes

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2.1.7 Threads

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2.2. Interprocess

Communication

2.2.1. Race Conditions

2.2.2. Critical Sections

2.2.3. Mutual Exclusion with Busy Waiting 2.2.4. Sleep and Wakeup

2.2.5. Semaphores

2.2.6. Mutexes 2.2.7. Monitors

2.2.8. Message Passing

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2.2.1 Race Conditions

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2.2.2 Critical Section

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2.2.3 Mutual Exclusion with

Busy Waiting

Disabling Interrupts

Lock Variables

Strict AlternationPetersons Solution

The TSL instruction

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Disabling Interrupts

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Lock Variables

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Strict Alternation

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Petersons Solution

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The TSL instruction

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2.2.4 Sleep and Wakeup

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The Producer-Consumer

Problem

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2.2.5 Semaphores

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Consumer Problem using

Semaphores

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2.2.6. Mutexes

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2.2.7. Monitors

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Monitor (1)

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Monitor (2)

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2.2.8. Message Passing

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2.3. Classical IPC Problems

2.3.1. The Dining Philosophers Problem

2.3.2. The Readers and Writers Problem

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. . .Philosophers Problem

(DPP)

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A nonsolution to DPP

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A solution to DPP (1)

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A solution to DPP (2)

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2.3.2. The Readers and

Writers Problem

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2.4. Scheduling

2.4.1. Introduction to Scheduling

2.4.2. Scheduling in Batch Systems

2.4.3. Scheduling in Interactive Systems 2.4.4. Scheduling in Real-Time Systems

2.4.5. Policy versus Mechanism

2.4.6. Thread Scheduling

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2.4.1. Introduction to

Scheduling

Process Behavior

When to Schedule

Categories of Scheduling AlgorithmsScheduling Algorithm Goals

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Process Behavior

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Scheduling Algorithm

Goals

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2.4.2. Scheduling in Batch

Systems

First-Come First Served

Shortest Job First

Shortest Remaining Time Next Three-Level Scheduling

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First-Come First Served

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Shortest Remaining Time

Next

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Three-Level Scheduling

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2.4.3. Scheduling in

Interactive Systems

Round-Robin Scheduling

Priority Scheduling

Multiple QueuesShortest Process Next

Guaranteed Scheduling

Lottery Scheduling Fair-Share Scheduling

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Priority Scheduling

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Multiple Queues

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Shortest Process Next

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Guaranteed Scheduling

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Lottery Scheduling

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Fair-Share Scheduling

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2.4.4. Scheduling in Real-

Time Systems

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2 4 5 P li


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2.4.5. Policy versus

Mechanism

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2 5 O i f P


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2.5. Overview of Processes

in MINIX 3

2.5.1. The Internal Structure of MINIX 3

2.5.2. Process Management in MINIX 3

2.5.3. Interprocess Communication in MINIX 3

2.5.4. Process Scheduling in MINIX 3

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2 5 2 Process Management


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2.5.2. Process Management

in MINIX 3

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Minix Startup

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Initialization of the Process


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Initialization of the Process

Tree

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2 6 Implementation of


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2.6. Implementation of

Processes in MINIX 3

2.6.1. Organization of the MINIX 3 Source Code

2.6.2. Compiling and Running MINIX 3

2.6.3. The Common Header Files

2.6.4. The MINIX 3 Header Files

2.6.5. Process Data Structures and Header Files 2.6.6. Bootstrapping MINIX 3

2.6.7. System Initialization

2.6.8. Interrupt Handling in MINIX

2.6.9. Interprocess Communication in MINIX 3 2.6.10. Scheduling in MINIX 3

2.6.11. Hardware-Dependent Kernel Support

2.6.12. Utilities and the Kernel Library

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2.6.1. Organization of the

MINIX 3 Source Code

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MINIX (1) boot/ : (addaout.c, boot.c/h, bootlock.s, boothead.s, bootimage.c,

doshead.s, image.h, installboot.c, jumpboot.s, masterboot.s, mkfhead.s,

mkfile.c, rawfs.c/h

kernel/ : (clock.c, config.c/h, debug.c/h, exception.c, glo.h, i8259.c,

ipc.h, kernel.h, klib88.s, klib386.s, klib.s, main.c, mpx88.s, mpx386.s,

mpx.s, priv.h, proc.c/h, protect.c/h, proto.h, sconst.h, start.c, system.c,

table.c, type.h, utility.c,

system/ : do_xx , (do_abort.c, do_copy.c, dodevio.c, do_endksig.c, do_exec.c, do_exit.c, do_fork.c, do_getinfo.c, do_getksig.c, do_int86.c, do_iopenable.c,

do_irqctl.c, dodo_exec.c, do_fork.c, do_kill.c, do_memset.c, do_newmap.c,

do_nice.c, do_privctl.c, do_sdevio.c, do_segctl.c, do_setalarm.c,

do_sigreturn.c, do_sigend.c, do_times.c, do_trace.c, do_umap.c,

do_unused.c, do_vcopy.c, do_vdevio.c)

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MINIX (3) init/ : init.c , Process Father Process.

is/ : information server, dump.(dump.c, dmp_ds.c, dmp_fs.c, dmp_kernel.c,

dmp_pm.c, dmp_rs.c, glo.h, inc.h, is.h, main.c, proto.h)

pm/ : Process Management, (alloc.c, break.c, const.h, exec.c, forkexit.c, getset.c,

glo.h, main.c, misc.c, mproc.h, param.h, pm.h, proto.h, signal.c, table.c,

time.c, timers.c,trace.c, type.h, utility.c

rs/ : Reincarnation( ) Server, (inc.h, main.c, manager.c/h, proto.h, service.c)

sm/ : System Process Manager, ( *.c makefile)

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MINIX (4) drivers/ : IO (drivers.h)

at_wini/ : driver for the IBM-AT winchester controller.

bios_wini/: hard disk driver that uses the ROM BIOS.

cmos/ : access the CMOS chip to get or set the system time.

dp8390/ : Ethernet device driver for NS dp8390 based ethernet cards. (dp8390.c, ne2000.c, rtl9029.c, wdeth.c)

dpeth/ : Ethernet device driver for 3Com Etherlink (3c501) boards, 3c501.c, 3c503.c,

3c509.c, 8390.c, devio.c, dp.c, ne.c, netbuff.c, wd.c,

floppy/ : Floppy Disk Driver, floppy.c

fxp/ : Ethernet device driver for Intel 82557, 82558, 82559, 82550, and 82562 fast ethernet controllers. : fxp.c ( ), mii.c ( )

lance/ : Ethernet driver for AMD LANCE based ethernet cards. (lance.c)

libdriver/: Device Independent Device Driver Interface. (driver.c, drvlib.c)

libpci/ : PCI (pci.c, pci_table.c, pci_amd.h, pci_intel.h, pci_via.h, pci.h)

log/ : system log device (log.c, diag.c, kput.c)

memory/ : (memory.c)

printer/: printer driver. It is a fairly simple driver,supporting only one printer.

Characters that are written to the driver are written to the printer without

any changes at all.

random/ : random number generator, (main.c, random.c, sha2.c)

rescue/ : rescue device driver (rescue.c)

rtl8138/ : device driver for Realtek rtl8139 based ethernet cards.

sb16/ : driver for a DSP (Digital Sound Processor) on a SoundBlaster 16 soundcard.

tty/ : terminal driver (tty.c, rs232.c, pty.c, keyboard.c, console.c, vidcopy.c)

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MINIX (5) tools/ : (Makefile, mkboot, tell_config)

include/ : *.h (a.out.h, alloca.h, ansi.h, assert.h, configfile.h, ctype.h, courses.h,

dirent.h, env.h, errno.h, fcntl.h, float.h, grp.h, inttype.h, lib.h, libgen.h,

libutil.h, limits.h, locale.h, math.h, mathconst.h, netdb.h, pwd.h, regex.h,

regexp.h, setjmp.h, sgtty.h, signal.h, stdarg.h, stddef.h, stdint.h, stdio.h,

stdlib.h, string.h, tar.h, termcap.h, termios.h, time.h, timers.h, tools.h, ttyent.h,

unistd.h, utime.h, utmp.h)

arpa/ : inet.h ibm/ : bios.h, cmos.h, cpu.h, diskparm.h, int86.h, interrupt.h, memory.h, partition.h,

portio.h, ports.h

minix/ : bitmap.h, callnr.h, cdrom.h, com.h, config.h, const.h, devio.h, dl_eth.h, dmap.h,

fslib.h, ioctl.h, ipc.h, jmp_buf.h, keymap.h, minlib.h, partition.h, paths.h,

sound.h, swap.h, sys_config.h, syslib.h, sysutil.h, type.h, u64.h,

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MINIX (6) net/ : hton.h, if.h, ioctl.h, netlib.h

gen/ : arp_io.h, dhcp.h, eth_hdr.h, eth_io.h, ether.h, icmp.h, icmp_hdr.h, if_ether.h,

in.h, inet.h, ip_hdr.h, ip_io.h, nameser.h, netdb.h, oneCsum.h, psip_hdr.h,

psip_io.h, resolv.h, rip.h, route.h, socket.h, tcp.h, tcp_hdr.h, tcp_io.h, udp.h,

udp_hdr.h, udp_io.h, vjhc.h

netinet/ : in.h, tcp.h

sys/ : asynchio.h, dir.y, file.h, ioc_cmos.h, ioc_disk.h, ioc_file.h, ioc_memory.h,

ioc_scsi.h, ioc_sound.h, ioc_tape.h, ioc_tty.h, ioctl.h, mtio.h, param.h, ptrace.h, resource.h, select.h, sigcontext.h, socket.h, stat.h, statfs.h, svrctl.h, time.h,

types.h, uio.h, un.h, utsname.h, wait.h

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2.6.2. Compiling and Running MINIX 3

Rebuild MINIX Operating System cd /usr/src/tools/

make

Make Bootable image su

make clean

time make image

Make bootable floppy make fdboot

type fd0 when you are asked to complete the path.

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Memory Layout

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2.6.3. The Common Header Files

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0~ 6200 Header File


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Data Type Size

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2.6.4. The MINIX 3 Header Files

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Seven Message Type used


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Seven Message Type used

in MINIX

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2.6.5. Process Data Structures and

Header Files

Discriptor table Define how system resources are used and prevent process from accessing

memory assigend to other processes.

GDT : Global Descriptor Table

LDT : Local Descriptor Table

IDT : Interrupt Descriptor Table

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Privilege Table

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2.6.6. Bootstrapping MINIX 3

Boot Process : SEC 2.6, page 155.

When the system is started, the hardware (actually, a program in ROM) reads the

first sector of the boot disk, copies it to a fixed location in memory, and executes

the code found there.

On an unpartitioned MINIX3 diskette, the first sector is a bootblock which loads

the boot program, as in Fig. 2-36(a).

Hard disk are partitioned, and the program on the first sector (called master boot

on MINIX sytems) first relocates itself to a different memory region, the reads the

partition table, loaded with it from the first sector. Then it load and executes thefirst sector of the active partition, as shown in Fig. 2-36(b).

Boot block : The first sector (512 byte).

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Disk Structure for


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Disk Structure for

Bootstrapping

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Making boot program

The MINIX 3 boot sector is modified at the time it is written to the

disk by a special program called installboot which writes the boot

sector and patches into it the disk address of a file named boot on

its partition or subpartition

In MINIX 3, the standard location for the boot program is in a

directory of the same name, that is, /boot/boot. But it could be

anywhere the patching of the boot sector just mentioned locates

the disk sectors from which it is to be loaded. This is necessary

because previous to loading boot there is no way to use directory

and filenames to find a file.

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Boot Parameters

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2.6.7. System Initialization

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8088 or 80386 ?

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2.6.8. Interrupt Handling in MINIX

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Interrupt V.S. System Call

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8259 Interrupt Controller

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System Startup - Restart

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2.6.10. Scheduling in MINIX 3

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Process Queue

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2.6.11. Hardware-Dependent Kernel

Support

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2.6.12. Utilities and the Kernel

Library

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2.7. The System Task in


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y

MINIX 3

2.7.1. Overview of the System Task

2.7.2. Implementation of the System Task

2.7.3. Implementation of the System

Library

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2.7.1. Overview of the


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System Task

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Message types accepted by


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the system task. (1)

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Message types accepted by


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the system task. (2)

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2.7.2. Implementation of the


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System Task

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2.7.3. Implementation of the


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System Library

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How many message


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passing per read required ?

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2.8.1. Clock Hardware

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2.8.3. Overview of the Clock Driver


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in MINIX 3

The Clock Task

The Clock Interrupt Handler

Watchdog Timers

Millisecond Timing

Summary of Clock Services

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The Clock Task

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Watchdog Timers

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MINIX3 Processes

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