Date post: | 25-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | heather-lane |
View: | 216 times |
Download: | 1 times |
Minnesota Air Quality and Attainment Status
Frank Kohlasch • Kari Palmer
Statewide Travel Demand Coordinating Committee MeetingOctober 14, 2010
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
State Implementation Plans (SIPs) Pollutants of concern for transportation
Carbon dioxide (CO) Nitrogen oxides (NOX) Ozone Fine particles (PM2.5)
Impacts
Summary
Primary standards are set to protect human health
Secondary standards are set to protect public welfare
Set for six “criteria” pollutants CO, Lead NOX
NAAQS Basics
SO2
Ozone Particles (PM10
and PM2.5)
EPA must periodically review each NAAQS NAAQS must protect human health with an
adequate margin of safety Costs cannot be considered in setting the level
Between 2008 and 2012, EPA will review ALL Reviews often result in lower standards and
shorter averaging times Some level of regulatory uncertainty during
transition
NAAQS Revisions
Ongoing NAAQS reviews:
Milestone
Pollutant
LeadNO2
PrimarySO2
PrimaryOzone CO PM
NO2/SO2
Secondary
Timeline
Oct 15,
2008
Jan 22, 2010
Jun 2, 2010
Oct 31, 2010
May 13, 2011
July 2011
Mar 20, 2012
NOTE: Underlined dates indicate court-ordered or settlement agreement deadlines.
Demonstrates how a state will attain the NAAQS
Contains state rules/statutes, programs, and site-specific requirements
State Implementation Plan (SIP)
SIPs apply to nonattainment and attainment areas
Nonattainment SIPs have specific requirements Nonattainment area must include the air
that does not meet the standard and all sources that contribute to nonattainment
Transportation conformity takes effect one year later
An attainment SIP must be developed
SIP Basics
State
Implementation
Plan
(SIP)
Legal Authority Air Quality Monitoring
Modeling data Emission Limiting Rules and Regs
Enforcement New Source Review
Voluntary and Non-traditional
Measures
Control Strategy DemonstrationResources
PermittingPermittingMobile Measures and Fuels
SIP steps
Taken from presentation by Tom Helms, EPA, on nonattainment/SIP
Implementing a New NAAQS
EPA sets a new
standard
Immediate impact on
facility review
Additional monitoring
often required
States make a designation
recommendation
EPA makes a final
designation
Transportation conformity
applies
1 yr
States submit SIP
demonstrating attainment
Attainment must be shown
(5 years after designation)
1.5 yrs
1 yr
1 yr
CO NAAQS is being reviewed Available background documents to support
the review The evidence provides “support for a
standard at least as protective as the current standard”
Schedule is court ordered Notice of proposed rule to be signed
October 28, 2010 Notice of final rule to be signed May 13,
2011
CO NAAQS
1998 – 2009 One Hour Design Value Trends
1998 – 2009 Eight Hour Design Value Trends
Twin Cities CO Trends
19992001
20032005
20072009
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2n
d h
igh
est
8-h
r m
ax C
O
(pp
m)
19992001
20032005
20072009
0
3
6
9
12
15
FHR 420 FHR 423 FRIDLEY
ST PAUL MPLS ST CLOUD
DULUTH
2n
d h
igh
est
1-h
r m
ax C
O (
pp
m)
Potential standard range of 5-15 ppm
Potential standard range of 3-9 ppm
New standard of 100 ppb, one hour average
Annual 53 ppb standard remains effective EPA focused on near roadway
concentrations New roadway monitors being required (by
2013) Areas without monitors will be designated as
unclassifiable Nonattainment designations not likely
until 2016 or 2017
NOx NAAQS
NO2 annual average trends
19992000
20012002
20032004
20052006
20072008
20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
FHR 420FHR 423BLAINE
Mean
An
nu
al N
O2
(p
pb
)
NO2 Standard
Reductions may be needed even if Minnesota attains the NAAQS
Important component of secondary formation
VOCs + NOx + sunlight = ozone
Ammonia + NOx = ammonium nitrate
(~⅓ of fine particle mass)
NOx and Secondary Formation
The final NAAQS scheduled for October 2010 Current standard: 75 ppb (set 2008) Proposed levels: 60–70 ppb
Key Issues Shorter timeframe for designations (June
2012) What data will be used for designations?
Ozone NAAQS
8-Hour Ozone DVs, 2007-2009
Anoka
Airp
ort
East
Bet
hel
Shak
opee
St. M
icha
el
Stan
ton
Still
wat
er
Brain
erd
Cloqu
et
Detro
it La
kes
Dulut
h
Ely/
Fern
berg
Mar
shal
l
Mill
e La
cs
Roche
ster
St. C
loud
Voyg
Nat P
k40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
6462
6365 65
67
62
5758
55
6062
6061
5961
Estimated 8-Hour Ozone DVs, 2008-2010 Data through August 23, 2010
Anoka
Airp
ort
East
Bet
hel
Shak
opee
St. M
icha
el
Stan
ton
Still
wat
er
Brain
erd
Cloqu
et
Detro
it La
kes
Dulut
h
Ely/
Fern
berg
Mar
shal
l
Mill
e La
cs
Roche
ster
St. C
loud
Voyg
Nat P
k40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
6260
5960 60
64
60
55
58
52
58
62
57
60
55
60
Ozone NAAQS Design Values (DVs)
Range of Proposed Standard
Range of Proposed Standard
Sources of Ozone (2005 data)
Nitrogen oxides Volatile organic compounds
Based on prior EPA implementation guidance Ozone nonattainment has different levels
Marginal/moderate/serious/severe An area’s classification will affect SIP requirements
SIP Required Elements Reasonably available control measures/technology
(RACM/RACT) Vehicle Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) Reasonable further progress (RFP)
EPA will propose implementation guidance when they finalize the standard
Ozone Nonattainment
Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) PM2.5 is both primary and secondary
Primary Particles(Directly Emitted)
Secondary Particles(From Precursor Gases)
Elemental Carbon
OtherCrustal Ammonium
Nitrate
NOx
AmmoniumSulfate
SO2
SecondaryOrganics
VOC
Ammonia
Crustal
June 2000 / tgp
Condensed Organics
Estimated Daily PM2.5 DVs 2008-2010*
Data through March 2010
Apple
Val
ley
Mpl
s - P
hilli
ps
St Lou
is P
ark
St P
aul -
RHC
St P
aul -
Har
ding
Shak
opee
Dulut
h - W
DSE
Dulut
h - L
inco
ln P
ark
Roche
ster
St C
loud
Virgin
ia0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
31 31
28.6
35.9 36.5
29.1
19.721.8
30.5
26.5
15.3
Annual PM2.5 NAAQS DVs, 2007-2009
Apple
Val
ley
Mpl
s - P
hilli
ps
St Lou
is P
ark
St P
aul -
RHC
St P
aul -
Har
ding
Shak
opee
Dulut
h - W
DSE
Dulut
h - L
inco
ln P
ark
Roche
ster
St C
loud
Virgin
ia0
2
4
6
8
10
12
9.69.9 9.9
10.910.3
9.5
6.4
7.5
10
8.7
5.8
PM2.5 NAAQS Design Values (DVs)
Current Standard
Range of Proposed Standard
Will be proposed and finalized in 2011
EPA will likely wait for this new standard to designate us as nonattainment State designation recommendation likely
December 2012 Based on 2009 – 2011 data?
Designation likely in December 2013 Based on 2010 – 2012 data?
New PM2.5 Standard
Trend in Daily PM2.5 Design Values
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 200910
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Metro Sites
Apple ValleyRichfieldMpls - PhillipsMpls - Humboldt AveSt. Louis ParkSt. Paul - RRRSt. Paul - RHCSt. Paul - HardingShakopeeC
on
cen
trati
on
(µ
g/m
3)
Note: actual design value is 3-yr average
Trend in Annual PM2.5 Design Values
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20096
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14Metro Sites
Apple ValleyRichfieldMpls - PhillipsMpls - Humboldt AveSt. Louis ParkSt. Paul - RRRSt. Paul - RHCSt. Paul - HardingShakopeeC
on
ce
ntr
ati
on
(µ
g/m
3)
Note: actual design value is 3-yr average
Sources of PM2.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Av
era
ge
So
urc
e C
on
trib
uti
on
to
P
M2
.5 (
ug
/m3
)
Northea
st
Mill
e Lac
s
Twin C
ities
Roches
ter
Rural S
E
Rural S
W
Initial Estimate - Sources of Ambient PM2.5(adapted from MN PM2.5 Source Apportionment Study by Desert Research Institute )
Other
Biomass Burning
Calcium Material
Soil/Dust
Mobile (gasoline & diesel)
Secondary Ammonium Nitrate
Secondary Ammonium Sulfate
Secondary Ammonium Sulfate -SO2 from coal; ammonia from livestock & fertilizer
Secondary Ammonium Nitrate -NOx from coal & mobile sources; ammonia from livestock & fertilizer
Biomass burning - More study needed
Mobile - May include small amounts of other oil combustion & secondary organic aerosol
Chen, L.-W. A.; Watson, J. G.; Chow, J. C.; DuBois, D. W.; Herschberger, L. Chemical mass balance source apportionment for combined PM2.5 measurements from U.S. non-urban and urban long-term networks. Atmos. Environ. 2010, in press.
MPCA team formed to work on ozone and PM2.5 issues Modeling, monitoring, policy
Changes in standards likely mean changes to business as usual More things to look at when permitting a new or
expanding source More pollutants subject to transportation conformity More likely that existing source emissions will be
examined and mitigated May move into the world of Lowest Achievable
Emission Rate (LAER) and offsets
Impacts
Thanks to MPCA staffCatherine Neuschler
Cassie McMahonLisa Herschberger
Frank [email protected]
n.us651-757-2500
Kari [email protected]
s651-757-2635