Minutes of the fortieth session of the African Advisory Council held at Lobatsi under the presidency of His Honour The Acting Resident Commissioner, S. V. Lawrenson, Esq., O.B.E. 30th May - 2nd June, 1960 http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.nuaac196005 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org
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Minutes of the fortieth session of the AfricanAdvisory Council held at Lobatsi under thepresidency of His Honour The Acting ResidentCommissioner, S. V. Lawrenson, Esq., O.B.E. 30thMay - 2nd June, 1960
Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available athttp://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read andwill abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that thecontent in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka inconnection with research, scholarship, and education.
The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmentalworks and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must besought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distributionof these materials where required by applicable law.
Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials aboutand from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org
Minutes of the fortieth session of the African Advisory Council held atLobatsi under the presidency of His Honour The Acting ResidentCommissioner, S. V. Lawrenson, Esq., O.B.E. 30th May - 2nd June,1960
Alternative title Minutes of the [...] session of the African Advisory Council
Author/Creator Bechuanaland Protectorate. African Advisory Council
Publisher Bechuanaland Protectorate. African Advisory Council
Date 1960-05-00 - 1960-06-02
Resource type Journals (Periodicals)
Language English
Subject
Coverage (spatial) Botswana
Coverage (temporal) 1960
Source Northwestern University Libraries, L968..1A A258m 1960
A (IRO TEC TORA TEMINUTESof theFOR TIE TH'of theAFRICAN4ADVISORYC 0 UNCILheld at LOBATSIunder the presidencyHis Honour The Acting Resident CommissionerS. V. L A WRENSON, Esq., . B. E.30 th. May - 2nd. June, 1960SESSIONBECHUANALAND
BECHUANALAND PROTCT0ORATEM I N t T E Sof the40th Sessionof theAFRICAN ADVISORY COUNCILheld atLOB AT S Iunder the presidency ofHIS HONOUR TT-E ACTING RESIDENT C0MISSIONERS. V. LAWRENSON, ESQ., O.B.E.on30th May - 2nd June, 1960.
AFRIC&. ."DVISOJRY COUNCIL40THl bESSION.List o1f lernbers Prese.nt.PRLSID1.NT; -Bis Honour the a.cting Resident Commissioner,S.V. L .wrenson, Esq., 0.B.E.Unofficia~l M~embers:Chief' Bthoen II, C.*O.E. Chief iebalepile L~oftshioa. Chief K, ,riSechele II,O.B.Z.
Chief idokgosi laok.7osi. AIr. Rasebolai 1' gamcane, L.B.Z.Chief 4'gosi Gaborone. I-r Bob-tsu Pilane. I~r. kokgtla Lincnwe. ,.r. *5nk-logak.Ltlhabaphiri. 1~r. iiartinus Seboni. Lr. Letlole iiosielele. kLr. Levi J"iotshorne.11r, Peto k.Sekgoma.Lir. L olwa Sekgoma, ;iA.B.E. lar. iAany phiri L. 6ekgo-aia. 1Mr G.D.kv..robela. kir. G. iosinyi. L.r. IL. lipotokwane. i.r. is.R. Borne. ia,. R.N. i'iclaben.har. J.R. Petso. i1ir. O.B. L-rumolw. Dr. S. LI. kluomra. Lr. Lontsho hog-l-~kwe.."r. NE;. Ovoya. ir . Tsheko Tsjaeko. Lr. iKema. G:.borone. Lr. Liboto--.e 1ogatsu. Headman Zinvula Nkonkitcina. Sub. Chief Losojiane.Sub. Chief !.asun--a. ii :dm~n iKavangere. Lr. Iuo,.p~re iiosiiw-a.1.7r. Seetelo Totwe.OfficiL.l !.embers: R.A.R. Bent, Esq., O..B.. Alcting Government Secretary. Dr.B.T. Squires, O..B. Director of i iedical Services. J.D.A. Germond, Esq., O.b.Ii.Divisional Coimissioner South.J.A.allson sq.First AssistcantN~.B. Rutherf~ord, Esq., O-.B. Divisional Comw~issioner North.&.J.A. Dougl---s, Ls(.., M.B.B. DuvelopentSecretary.Lieutenant Colonel J.T.. . B3ailey.Commissioner of Police.9~~r~64 /Persons ...
22Lg.ns co-,opted:JG~rdiner, Esq., 0.3.L. Director of Educ~tion.Director of Veterinarv Services. of Health.A.G. 1liloury, Es;,. Le, a 6ecretrory.
(iii)aFRICAh4 ADVISORY COUI jCIL40TH SESSIO4.AGEIDA.Item Number. bubject.1. Address by His Honour the ActingResident Commissioner.2. Swearing in of new members.3. Tabiin,; of Papers.4. Lutstions and Answers. (To be readby tie Acting Government Secretary).5~ Lotion (ho. 1). That cells for theaccomodation of insane persons should bebuilt throushout the Territory.(Lovvd by 1r. R. -a.iane, 4..3.E.)6. iotion (ao. 2). That the policy regarding the dismissal of nursesforpregnany
should be reviewed.(Loved by Lr. G.B. karobela).7. Mution (No. 3). That Government consider the escablishment of aGovernment Hospital or Dispensaries in the BakwenaDistrict.(ioved by Lr. S. hiatlhabaphiri).8. Lotion (No. 4). That the duties of aResident Health or Sanitary Inspector be defined in relation to Sanitation andinspection of butcheries.("oved by Chief Bathoen. II, C..E.).9. Lotion (No. 5). That Government beasked to take over all post primary education.(Loved by Lr. L.I. Linchwe).10. Lotion (No. 6). That a railway innceb.er.cted alongside Artesia.(Loved by _r. li.I. Linchwe).li. Lotion (No. 7). That ways and meansof maintainin6 continuity of policy beconsidered uhen a District Commissionerhands over on transfer.(Loved by Chief bathoen II, C.L.E.).L2. Lotion (No. 8). That Council considera draft amendment to the African ImmigrationProclamation (No. 14 of 1958).(ioved bj Government).13. Lotion (Wo. 9). That the quota ofhigh velocity rifles be increased.(ioved by 1±r. R. Kgamane, L.L.E.).14. Lotion (No. 10). That considerationb: given 7 tne eection of a rest house inFrancistown for Chiefs and Councillors.(Loved by Lrs. L.P. koremi, 1.B.)./15 ...
(iv)15. Lotion (No. 11). That the TradingProclamiution be considered (ProclamationNo. 80 of 1956).(Movvd by Chief Bathoen II, C.B.E.).16. Lotion (Iio. 12). , That Council consider proposals to implementthe decimalisation of currency in the BechuanalandProtectorate.(Moved by Government).17. Lotion (iNo. 13). That licencedmotor vehicles plying for the conveyance
of passengers shiould display some form ofidentification.(Moved by Chief liathoen II, C.B.E.).18. Lotion (No. 14). That considerationor provision be made for students otherthan Government Cattle Guards to train atthe Vete.rinary School at Ramatlhabama.(Loved by Chief Bathoen II, C.B.E.).
(v)Z 0 iuT. , SUZITTED FORTi1' 402I1 c"SSICi, CF i2 h R1C ADVI6ORY COUhCIL.D0 JLZ T4'Z -OVZRS O' SUCif &OXION6.Note on ILotion No. 1. (Loved by Mr, R. Kgawane. L...).It is urged that Government should build cellsthroughout the Territory for the accommodation of insane persons.Vi.ry oftenGovernment will not regard an insane person dangerous until he ias proved to ue apublic danger after he has actually injured or killed soiaeone. It iscontended thatthe public nLeds the protection of Government against these insane persons bylocking the patients up and keeping them in Government care.Note on Lotion No. 2. (MovAd by Ir. G.b. Marobela).It is contended that dismissal by the iedical Department of pregnant nurses isdoin6 the Territory more harm than c;ood because oz shorta-e of trained nurses inthe country.Note on Lotion No. 1. Gdoved by 1 r. S. i~atlhabaphiri).There is only one Hospital in the Bakwena district, the Scottish LivingstoneHosptial, wanich has done its best to provide medical facilities. It isconsideredthat one Hospital is inadequate for the needs of the Bakulena. There are noGovernment dispensaries and the lision Doctor is unable to travel regularly roundthe district. It is considered that laolepolQle alone needs the servicesof twomedical officers.Note on Motion No. 4. .(loved by Chief lathoen II, C.B.L )."hile Hedlth Inspectors inspect meat for sale inbutcheries in tihe iger centres, no inspection is carried out in outlyin5 villages andin tne event of there being no Health Inspector in the bigge±r centres, noinspections were Liade there either. It is considered that meat inspection shouldbe done thoroughly or not at all.Note on Uotion No. 5. (Woved by Lr. L.I. Linchive).(No note has been received from the mover of the Motion). The StaidingCommittee considered that the implications of tiis motion were financial andmeant that Government was asked to take over the payments of the salaries ofTacLors at such schools.Note on, *otion No. a. (Loved by hr. L.I. Linclle).
(No note was received from the mover). The Standing Committee c.reed that adiscussion in Council on the question of? A ncinx tie vntire rail line would beuseful./Note
(vi)Note on Lotion No. 7. (Lved by Chief Bathoen II C.B.E.).It is considvred that continuity of policy would be better observedif outgoingDistrict Commissioners draw up handing ovur notus for incoming DistrictCommissioners in consultation w:ith tile Chiefs.Note On"iJotion aIj,. (,ov1 by .-r. R. icga'ane. ..E.).It is considured that the quota of 12 rifles a year for the BamaagwVjto islamentably low. Goverrment is humbly requested to increase this numberconsiderably.Note on oton No. 10. (Goved by -rs. E.P. -oremij -.B.E.)Councillors ispecially from Ngamiland have long expgrienced difficultiesregarding accommodation while waiting for transport to and from Lobatsi and -afeking. On several occa.sions t±±ty wait for some days beforegetting transport,especially on return to ,aun.Note on -otion No. 11. (Goved by Chief uathoen II, C.x.E.).It is considered thatprovision should be made for the Chief to appeal against adecision of a Licencing Board and that the reference to "The Divisionalor DistrictCommissioner" in Section 5(l) of Proclamation 80 of 1956shiould le ainended to re&d "thu noard" or "The Chief' who was in a .=t~erposition to know thu interests of the inhaitants of thu district.Note on ,otion No. 12. (hoved by Government).An uLz.lanation of tne implications of the introduction of decinialisud currency vill be ma.de and proposals put forward to implument such introduction. Althoughthis motion is primarily a matter for the information of Councillors thir viewsupon the proposals and anysuggestions which they may wish to maie would be welcomed by Government.Note on Lotion No. 1_.3. (-oved bz Chief batnoen II, C.B.E.).Licenced transport n.s now oecome a business throughout the Protectorate and itis considered that the Police snould bu abli to recognise such veniclesw~iichshould display soiuv form of identification.Note on L.otion io. 14. Gloved by Chief Bathoen II. C.B...).It is considered that tue facilities provided by the Veterinary School atRamatlhabama would be of greater benefit to the Territory as a whole iftheycould be utilised by private sudents as well as by Government servants.
(vii)A-PRICAN' ADVISORY COUINCIL140TH SESSION.
Progress .?Ieport on hLatters discussed at Council Standing Committee 1Keetingsduring 1957, 1958 and 1959.This report covers all progress up to the 30th March., 1960 which has notpreviously been reported.6841/20 II 1. Boreholes for African owned cattle in the GhanziDistrict: Notion 4 of 36th Session.Boreholes have been completed at IUli and Iha!mda.The IK'.lkfontein hole is half completed and the drill isnow operating at iRojane. The D'.strict Commissioner has planned for furtherwater development in this area overthe next four-year period.T1.89 III 2. Sup ofof Liquor to _-r icaas. Motion 3 of 35th7744 II Session. I:,em 7 of Stnding Comittee I cetiof 25th Fcbrua.i 1957. Item 2 of StandingCoralittee Heeti_ of ithNveiLber _9.T',e sections of tho draft Liquor Proclamation concerning the supply of Liquor toAfricans were discussedfinally at the Standing Committee meeting in November1959. The amendments recommended by the Comn.:ittee areto be incorporated in tec draft which will be sent tothe High Comaissioner for promulgation.7501/14 3. Game Iunti i.Ielations for Tribal Territories.Item 3 of Standing Committee meeting of 25thFebrur l7.Regulations have been introduced in tie 1amsgvatodistrict and the introduction of Ieg-ilationsin the B tawan., B. ngwJaetse and Barolong districts isunder consideration by the bribes concerned.1480/4 TI 4. Central !ar Ilemorial. Item 5 of Standing Committeemeeting of2thotion 18_of o 7thSession. Item . o Standing mittee meeting of5QOti Serebe 79.A revised estimate of the cost has been receivedand the Imperial War Graves Coam.ission has been askedthe exact extent of its contribution to the cost.6930/6 III 5. Control of Recruitment. Item 6 of Standin g Comnitteemeeting of 21th ebru_,57. Notion 17 of 37tSession.Opinions from African Authorities and DistrictComrmiissioners showed that the majority were in favour ofsome form of compulsory repatriation.After this matter iad been further investigated inthe 3ecretariat it was considered th:t pro-posals tointroduce compulsory repatriation should be abandoned forthe following reasons:Ca) Information from all districts shows that over the wholeTerritory by far the greater majority of recruits return home anyway.
(viii)(b) the present low demand for mine labour rouldnot encotu'age recruiting orguisations to agree to the extra expenditure whichcompulsory repatriation would involve and this in turn would have adverse effectson any future demandsfor labour to the detriment of iaen seeking employment on the mines.(c) The enforcement of such legislation, aimed at the relatively fewrecruits whodo not retLuwould be very difficult since such men could, it is considered, easilyevade repatriation if they are determined enouglt to forgo their deferred pay.(d) All recruits, who~ether on normal contracts or on the ..V.3.contracts, are nowrequired todefer part of their pay and this can only be collected in the territory attheexpiration of their contracts. This incentive to return home is considered to bemore effective than ra-y attempts to make repatriation compulsoryby laT.(e) The present influx control regulations in the U-ion operate favourably toachieve tho basic purpose of any law concerning repatriation of Batswana migrantworkers and are as effective in this resoect as any law of the Territory Tould be.7039/4 II 6. ,xpansion end Improvement of h:edical Services.Hiotion 1 of 37th Session, Lotion 16 of 30th Session.The following development has taken place since the last Progress Report wasradeA. Northern Protectorate.(i) Medical 0:ficer at Palapye visits ioeng, Hiartin's Drift, I nes Drift and Scfhope.The Sefhope dispenser makes regular visits to Dobonong.(ii) ILglican Health Centre at Iladinare has beenopened and T.B. Block there is now nearly complete. T'here are 24beds solely forT.D. patients.(iii) At Totome the dispensary is complete and thce is a resident dispenserwhowill visit KUaitengwe regularly.(iv) T'e new health centre at lakcops is complte.A new resident 'health Assistant ajd his wrife, who is a staff nurse, have beenposted there.(v) At iLahalapye a new T.B. ward is on the vo:ge of completion anda midTiferyward is now in use.(Ti) At Serowe new .Jtaff Nurses' quarters are complete and a T.3 . shelter isbeing erected.(vii) The Trection of a dispensary at Gweta is under consideration.(viii) In Francistown a new Isolation Block is completed, new Staff quarters arecompleted and the -1-ternity Ward is in course of erection.tzI) / .......
(ix)
(ix) A new Health Centre is in course of erection.(x) New i urses' quarters and a new Isolation l31ockhave been erected at Eaun Hospital. The new T.D. Block at K1aun is now openedand ecquipped.(xi) A new iealth Centre at Ghanzi has been opened. B. Southern Protectorate.(i) A new T.T . Shelter has been completed and is inuse.(ii) A resident dispenser is to be posted to GoodHope.(iii) Funds have been allocated and building hascormenced at the new health Centre at jiochudi.(iv) A dispensary is to be built at 1-athubudukwane.(v) The Seventh Day Adventist 17ospital at Kanye is tobe enlarged in view of the close down of theNoffatt ITospital.(vi) A new T.B. Block has been opened at the ScottishLivingstone Hospital in liolepolole.(vii) New dispensary and Staff Nrse's house has beenopened at Thamaga.C. Development Plan 1960-64.T'-e plan submitted to the *igl Comiissioner wasdiscussed at tle Special Session of the Joint Advisory Council on 21stand 22ndJanuary 1960. Briefly the proposals were as follows:(a) Provision for 12 ei:tra:cells at the Lobatsi ilentalTiome.(W) -71ta-blis'iment of a leper settlement in Ngaziland.(c) ,,-';nsion of the aeventh Day '.'ventist Ilission. ospital at Tlnye to cater for the close down ofthe ".offatt .Xospital.(d) Separation of acco,_.odation for i-edical and;5urgical patients at Francistown Hospital.(a) J2'ection and equipment of a medicallaboratory atLobatsi.(f) Zrection of increased storage for drugs at1fafeking.(g) J]:-ection of a new kit room at the iliahalapye71lalth Centre.(h) Provision of .n ],--ray -unit at the Ghanzi iiealthCentre.(i) Provision of a demonstration room for use bynursing- students at Iobatsi.(j) Provision for an extra itinerant M1icroscopistto /.....
to combat sleeping sickness in Ngamiland.
(k) Provision for the additional post of Assistant I4edical Officer of Health.(1) Provision for a L; boratory Technician at Lobatsi.5067 II 7. Introduction of xtics: hotion 8 of 37th Sessi.on.This subject was discussed at the 53rd Ncetingof the Livestock Industries Advisory i6oard whichrecommended that exotic stock be introduced into theTerritory into fenced areas only. This recominendationhas been approved.522/1 III G. Pi les of Town Planninx and Buldi qon rol.Mo tionl.f 31th ,3ession. Item 4 of StandinaCorittee eeinof 30th SeJtemberl9 7.The Land Development 2.roclamqation (which now incorporates orprovides forregulations concerning Toim Planning and uilding Control) is to be submitted totheHigh Commissioner~or Promulgation.Township Regulations to be published as subsidiazy legislation to theTownshipsProclamation are in the finalstages of completion.Francistown, Lobatsi, Groberones and G anzi areshortly to be proclaimed as Townships.1917 IV 9. Amendment to African Courts Proclamation..Pararalh14 of the Progress Report at the 39th Session.The Draft Pi-oclam. .tion is still under consideration by the High Commissioner.C.10512 II 10. Establishment of i4orthern Abattoir in Tribal Territory.Pae 1 of_3Zth Session.The Abattoir facilities Comhittee has had two meetings since the lastmeeting ofCouncil, at wbich itconsidered proposals to establish a second Abattoir.The Committee has decided to postpone final decision onthis matter until it meets again this year and is in a position to review the1959marketing arrangements andthe ability of the existing Abattoir to cope with exports. 6072/3 11. Clerical T-,:aininaor Africans. Parara~h 16 of t-e8736/8 P roressheportat te h Session.Twelve Students from Hoeng College and St. Joseph's are now studying on t. ecourse at inale under tuition of aSister trained in commercial and clerical subjects in theUnited inrdom. The first course will end in December1960.5434 12. Public Health Legislation. Item_5 Qf S t4diCo mmi t te e Iet in, of 3ta September 1957.This Legislation is still in course of preparationfor submi.ssion to -the iHigh Commissioner.7028/8 13. Amendment toarrag e Proclamation. Item 6 ofSt e dinra Cemittee netnggf 30tn submer_1957.The draft amendment has been submitted to th':e Ii~h
(xi)Commissioner and the Attorney-General has suggestedcertain amendnents which are to be considered before thedraft is resubraitted.280/10 14. PaMpnent of gratuities to tribal treasur emnlqoqeewith mixed service - 'otion 4 of 8th session.See paragraph 29.3207/10 15. Book of Record for Anneal Cases from African Courts.Motion _Lfthesin Itm_(b;o Standin~gCoimmittee meetin of lt Se-teiber 18.Records of appeal cases from Appeal Courts, which contain important decisionson points of law,have been submitted. Unforttuanately the number receivedhas b en disappointingly low and it is very doubtfulwhether any suitable record can be compiled. The matteris being investigated in the Secretariat and a furtherCorunication will be sent to District Commissioners andAfrican Athorities on this subject.1917/2 IV 16. Ratio between cattle and jquoneqy jurisdiction of AfricanCourts. !otion 9- of 38th Sossion and ItemStanding Committee Mepfting of1ist Sptember_l 1 .The new Court warrants have still to be issued and it is hoped to complete thiswork in the very nearfuture.142/1 11 17. Provision of D _inzTanks. !lotion 11 of _8thSession. iotion 9 of 39th Session.A programme involving assistance to individual stock owners has beenstarted ona small scale in theBamangwato district. The value of this scheme is now under considerationbyGovernment and after it has been tested, the advisability of its introduction intootherareas in the Protectorate can be considered by otherinterested tribes.5228/2 18. L-rantin of arms and nepnition JD Africans. Motion 1of f th Session.The new Proclamation was promulgated on the 0th January 1960 (ProclamationNo. 36 of 1959) and comes intooperation on the 1st July 1960.The control of the sale of arms and ammunition to Afric:ns by the quota systemwill be submitted asmotion for discussion at the 40th Session.10065 19. Legislative Council. Motion 14 of 38th Session.
The lZeport of the Constitutional Committee of the Joint Advisory Co~ucil,which was approved by the Joint Advisory Council at its 10th Session waspublished on the2nd November 1959 and the proposals made have been forwarded to the HighCommissioner for submission with hisrecommendations to the Secretary of State.1377 VI 20. Develonment of Prima r, . q cation. 1iot1 of 3thSession. Item I of Standinp Jonimittee fle etinLfg5th jovember19.See paragrahi 32 of this fLoport.21./ .....
(xii)1275/1 II 21. Railway Fencing.797.Rhodesian Railways are now carrying out fencing work on the line north of11ahalapye.Rhodesian iRailways are responsible for fencinw the whole stretch oflinebetween Ramatlhabama andRamokgwebane and w.hen the northern is completed, work 17illbegin in the South.The position will be kept under review in the Secretariat.H.165 22. 2galit of o unity ybetween -,fricans andEwopeans in Government Service. h-Iotion l_ of8th Session.The Salaries Conmission Report as accepted by the Secretary of State, has createdthree Divisions inthe Service, replacing theriormer Senior and JuniorServices, based upon salaries. iquality of opportunity now exists in all branchesof the service where professional qualifications are the criteria for recruitment.It is Government policy to replace European staff withAfricans as suitable posts become vacant and if suitablecandidates are available.4243/5 IX 23. Amendments to the Tradii&Proclamation. o 2of8th Session. Item 3 of Standing. qommitteemeeting of 1st 5Se~!ber J 958.Te Draft Proclamation forwarded to the High Comissioner has been the subject ofcorrespondencebetween the High Commissioners Office and the Secretariatand the Logal Secretary is now Ipreparing a final draftfor promulgation in the light of this correspondence.3104/5 II 24. 1-ointment of African Clerks at major stations in the Bec'nItanalandProtectorate. C .estion No. 1 of 38th Session.The aailway Administrations have left this matter in abeyance for the last fewmonths while the
"take over" of the line north of £1 4alapye was beingcompleted.F.rther letters have recently been addressed to the two Administrations on thismatter and ifnecessary a meeting with theu will be arranged.2840 25. S11abus for D.chuanaland Protectorate Schools.Lotion 5 of 39th Session.The Director of hducation has preparea a Memorandum setting outthe futuresyllabus for Protectorate Schools on the lines agreed upon by Council. Thei,2morandum has been circulated for the information ofthe general public.9093 IV 26. Bstablishment of a h ize Mill. Motion 10 of 39th Session.Following upon the proposal to establish a maizemill in the Territory aj. oved by the African Advisory Council at their 39thSession and by the Joint A.visory Council at their 9th Session, the miller hasregistered a company in the Protectorate; acquired the n arY..
(xiii)land and is now proceeding with arrangements for theconstruction of the mill. A .ormal agreement, on thelines of the memorandun submitted to the AfricanAdvisory Council and the Joint Advisory Council, isbeing prepared for signature by Government and by themiller and the necessary amendments to the Trading Proclamation have beensubmitted to members of theJoint Advisory Council for their approval.570 5/6 27. T 'anport facilities for Dispensers. kot ion f39th 8 ss ion.Provision has been made in the 1960/04 Development Plan for an itinerant.icroscopist to operate inNgamiland with the object of combating sleepingsickness.5480/27 28. T ax igtn ustenbur DistrictThis question was among others discussed recentlywhen the 1gent for t' e iiigh Commission Territories paida visit to jiafeking. T e Agent confirmed, as CoLurilfinally concluded, that the amount of tax collectable in the Rustenberg area didnot justify the establislhment ofan agency. T:e Agent also confirmed however that taxclerks would continue to visit the co-operative Pcackhouseat least once a year and also the platinum mines.The Divisional Commissioner is considering the suggestion of establishing fum-ther recruiting Agenciesin the Southern Protectorate to deal with the particularfoi°m of labour required in the RustenberC, area.10123 II 29. Tribal Service _Legulations. Motion 4 of 3_Sjbth
Session.District Commissioners have been asked to submit, after consultation withAfrican Authorities, final recommendations for amendments to the Regulations.When all replies have been received the suggestedamendlents will be collated in the Secretariat and adraft will be sent back to African Authorities for theirfinal consideration.3104/5 30. Railway Waiting Rooms. Motion 11 of the 3_9thISession.A letter has been addressed to the iailways concerning the provisionof WaitingRooms at Artesiaand I-Iolotoana and District Cormuissioncrs have been asked to consult AfricanAuthorities with a view to finding out which other stations and sidings rvquireWaiting Rooms aond askin: whether there are any furthermatters concerning R ilway facilities which might bediscussed at a lcting,; with the ].ailway Administrations. 11778 31. Collectionof ta7es a r ]olice. iction 2 of 39thOession. (see also Para-.nra.)h 32 sub-paraCgraph 3(l))A Circular has been addressed to all DistrictCoui~assioners, both Divisional Conim.issioners and theC ommissionor of olice stating that Governmient' oview is that tax collection is primarily the responsibility of the TribalAdministr.tions, but that if revenuefrom that source falls below expectations, it is theultimate rosp.onsibility of Government to ensure that taxes/ .....
(xiv)taxes are paid. Unless there is widespread nonpayment of taxes and unless Tribal methods of enforcingpayment are exhausted, tax raids should cease. Taxdefaulters found by Bechuanoland Protectorate Policemen should besent to thenearest Senior African Authoritieswho will have such defaulters brought before hisCourt unless payment is made.0. ';499/33 32. Financial aLesources and Commitments of Tribal Territories:Item 1 of Standing Cormmittee Neeting of tie th November195.The S anding Committee made the following major recommendations:(1) The Teachers' Salary scales, set out inAppendix A of the Lemorandum put efore the mectingl should be adopted witheffect from the 7th January 1960.(2) T' ere should be no general revision of the selaries of other Tribal employeesbut individual cases should be submitted and considered on their uorits with thedraft estimates as in previous years.
(3) The High Commissioner', approval should be sought to reduce the statutoryreserves of Tribal T_-easurios f_-om one half of a year's revenue to one quarter ofa year's revenue to enable funds to be released at once for t'.econtinuation of the school building prorraamLc pending the grant ofadditionalfunds from ColoRial Development and W.lfare or other sources.(4) The majority favoured increasing school fees to a flat rate of10/- per pupil peryear.T- ese recommendations have been considered and forwarded to the hJighCommissioner whose comments are now awaited.The following recommendations were also made by the Conm ittee andDistrictComiissioner's have been asked to take necessary action uponthem in consultation with African Authorities:(a) Subordinate African Authoriticsshould be reminded of their important role in tax collection in their oim areas.(b) TribalSalary Scale.E should be altered with effect from the 1st J,::nuary 1960to start at £48 and flnish at 260, while Scale D should start at £66 andfinish atp96.(c) Income obtained from 1hining and other Royalties should be regarded asuncertain revenue and generally speaking should be used for capital expenditure.(d) CorLittees in the northern and southern Divisions should discuss amdrecommi .end suitable typos of classrooms iI.hich could be built as inexpensivelyas posriible, probably by contractor. After such rccomendations had been aoroved, Rocn/ .....
(xv)each Tribe would take any fvther action necessary.(o) Tribal I.'inance Comittees should be encouraged to standardisethe collectionoffees and increase revenue wnerever possiblo.(f) Tribal Councils and Finance Comnuittees should be encouraged to increasetheir rates of Gr:'ded Tax to those set out in paragraph.: 26 of tbe Iemorandumbefore the Coniuittee, unless they had already done so.8499/':3 33. African Investhient S1c ie. Aerxid.G to Ite.m C.11395 ofStanding Co-miittee of 5th Novemberj9l.members agreed the Scheme was vorth pursuing and agreed that a Committeeshould be appointed to considerthe Schemc again when more details liad been obtained.(The Scheme is to be examimcd in the Sccretariat P.ndpresented to a Comittee in greater detail). TheC0'airzan of the African Advisory Council agredto advisethe nesident Commissioner on the composition of theunofficial membership of the Committee.
*(Xvi)&FRIC,. .3116ORY CuU1XI
.. T ~o 11 IaT±i .ftY 196._J IvivJJRZ- CD1DRZSS.1. RIJR.The l95u/;--9 crop s.Aon uas O~~ivally poor d-ue to u..a localized drou ;.t c'nditions ric. o u iid-January to 1"arca, 1959. Eventhou,1ii ood :arly rains Zell ia w Tati Qild .Lokala&ca wich enabl~ed tae fariavrsto Alant w.eaa;Le ,d rain 6orgnuia tudfl tiiey did the previou-. season, a very hotC:ry period fro±1 i end of: February into &arcn -. riously daiaed allcrops.1n t,,±e soutii-e, tern zectien oi.L the Tt~rritory 6,ood sau-mier rains for p.lantin,,v~re encrally Lte in zitartin, and in thie 14gyvato, Xvienend, Slolaweng and L'atlenL; djsLricts plou 'hin6 wtas later and less ti4en usul~ and subs..Lueiit drou.,ttcondit-Lvns darilir t..Le critical .6rovith s-ca--s resuiu,-d .L- reduced yield~s -.,cept from late planted crops in t..eastrn ceiitral 0ii. o Extnsveplou--p'Lin, tookvice in tiiie oarolon, PFarws Lol-Itsi B~lock, ~0 -atttsi ai~d ,.alett- districts butW;!rv again a miiA-season break in tit. rains resultk~J in a rvauced crop.Crop Production:La ize:t~tot&of 13,439 ba~s 0± a±~.aize - s purchaskd fLrom. farmers bytine de,artiaent for proc-ssin~ rt~sale iitiiin th',e Territory, tile fi "al price paid to Zar:7.rs ~i~3lI6/'d -o-r ba-, f.o.r. tlheirstations 1ffi.rzas Union prdcrsoLY r; ceve 29/2d. for ~Ir admaize d~ I~iv .r.-d to vcv.v.Ln.. points. Sowte 1,0O0 bags of maaize itas.supplied2 >j' the Larolon:, Fau iii spite of the adverse c"imatic conditions.f£rtir 1,172 bLa~s cz ij±ed aizL; -vec expoi-ted by traders for millin6 and return.Total imlports oll iuaize iaal in 20C0 lb. units amounted to 76,490 durir,; 1959 orvilici~ ),370 units cafie froia the Union and 16.120 units 'rota the Federation.w~ue to t~ite ±itih price of maize weal charged by tiie Riaodesian Grain±.arketing uoard Cor ;. ,ports to the Chobe district, a rew cousig nmi nts were sentto i~asane froma departmental stocks.Grain Borghuni;52, OUO ba--s oz -raina sor&-ium w~as exporttvd to t.ne Union .iieresatisfac~ory prices vere ,aia rt.c~iv.,d duc to ciiis Territory participating in taceUnion ±~leIndustry Control Loard Oas.Lc floorprice scheme viiireby piit.s to producers is 6uaranteed. Traddrs in LtheSoutnern ProtEctorate v.ere repeatedly r -cuested by the depart~ient to ta.--e ups4,lics froia Li.e ce.ntral i,,wato surdlus area as it was cl% cr t ,c.t wo-i- LJCU.re~iuna. siicrta, 'Obut tae rLspuse ).as _,ost disappoincian- expurts ufntwseason's corn vere tu permitted frvim areas viiue ti.da(ers .,rLlacldin, worL.tAialn tiley could sa ;::ly store or sell. ~ s±.le~i~lt.u vithL rtegard to the sellingpric, of iin _ oriiu±i Lnfortunin-t-ly do,:s not provisiLn for stora,te crsts whlleretrad ers -r.- .rt parzd to store th Lis draia for later r -sale. This Lqus.2son is no-..roceivii, zt teaition.Leans:Good pricca ;- r recZ!iv-c .or tl.h 99' 10aas of* uas xported of vliich about9,0030 ba~s c,.i. roiii tae Xvieneli,-, iKgatleuZ and Tlokvien. districts, ".ain
Lv:,ictinL, the drUU,hu r,:sistance of this i, cprop6Qie
Other crops e ,ported included ; ii'atj cotton, groundnuts, potatotej castor beans,citrus and flower bJbs wainly froai tkie Luropean farming blocks,thie value of' ti.ze expurts a.iountingb to £494,000.Experimental iiork:agronoiaic invusti-a t.Lo~i, fertiliz. r and manu.rial trials, plantsele ct~ons andpasturc e-cperiiaz~nts l:~eagain carried out at tile Lahalapyo and- tile -orale'~emna Stations. Our Jocally synthesiz%2d ! al:W-1ari wai--e ,,sadmone of t~i, ii,-est yielders of tile eight variEties tested. Di.arf and stai47.rd~mnsorgilUrn, JLI&O bean, cotton an's field o.viriety trials .,,rvagain run; astandard.-rain sor--,,wn variety, Raar yielded v. ry --;ell and be~~it has SiIlc- ii deLinizier~sista-.c, to -.itchweed, it , s ocen incrL~s.d aild disiiriuut d '-irough tile fieldti~nstaff to far:.&rs ibiio are troubl-.'d by vitchiweed in,-Qst~vd lands.Ti, pasture xaria, eiient -,or_: at Lor~le &6.-ii si±.Gwed tile imiportance ofwaintainin.- tie corrc..ct 6toc'-iiib ratc and~ inl cjie one-hlerd twopaddock inid-sason syste , of razi1g co.nurol, a wean seasonal Liveweight increase Of 34,8 61lor st,!erb was riecorded. Steiz'.a iveighding 711 lb. in the beginnin- oflioveLiber, l 58, reachied a Wvar. livei-iel...t o of 1,005 lb. in _iid-,Lufust, l: -'9.Otner xrazi.,1 trials included goats and v,-:d ournn trials v\ere also carrud out.0vc-r 250 baogs of 6telectad s,:d vzrieti,.s Tere produced at -orale for use on co-opefrative de_,o.lstr,.ticn plots and for sale to farmers in tile Territory, the ua aiidalAina exce~edina, tii, supply.6ome 1,600 slacki Australorp, Riioe Island Red arid Light bussex birds~eedLv6%- of -Lt,-in te 'Territory.all th'e triwa' aras in t.-- ",~n ~stricts of thle country are now 6arv~dbyagriclaltUral x~~~~o.r and tile iicr sin, response of t., far!.iers is -iost_m'tifyina . Demonstratin.- :i~iprovl - c husaadry :t_.och .jy ..i.:ans of co-operativu L,...onstration plots is provizi, succesa:ful, 2aricrs in:aiiy ar._,s acwrow-cropping thieirw-iole la.nds and int ju.t ;±'.Le c as -..retofore. bow~e co-operators nave nol,'Drogrzased to tiOzag ieecrcp rotatit-s and t±~e keieral &ppliCatcn of icraal.:;azure &nd inorganic 2ertilizers iiave 1; Ien introduced nd accepted. This i6 r'Larded as a very big achievement as tlt:t practices are not c:v-_n.geii(-rallyappti:,:d by IBuropoan farriers, eitnecr i.--re or in nei.-±± ur.Li~j, "Gtrrtories. Inth-e banLaahetsi Reserve, vizh thet exception oi K Lagori-a-pitst- and Gatlivaneareas, it cani_ said tiiat tlle only ~ri iarvested was ti.Lat reaped by cooperatorsarid ex-co-opera tors.Pro ress hias oLcen i:aaintainod in aLL tile otiier areas in spite ofadvterse cl'ie1'tic condit~ons and! Onei facu th~at we do' nct Liave sufficiert staff'to serve ali tile Later~sted ±XZrhiers. Two Carthier ,Lster of Tilla 0 eCertificates award.cd to f~riiaers in tile L-arolon,- farms
wiiere departwental wor., Is i1o'l. firialy escabiisiied. bucces.ful agriculturalsaiovs ijere ,eLCa at ilanye and Francistown, Farmers' days and Leetin~s bein,'-held inl ot_:,r areas to stimulate tiLe intervst in improved systems of' cropproduction.The .,ssistaace received fro~d the Tribal [luthorities in thledifferent districts is :,rat-_-uliy acknow-ledg-ed since wita1outtheir co-op~erat:Lon, assiAtaaict a,,±d support tile DepaLrtmi-ent's v.or" could notprogress. Dtvpartmental policy continues to .%ork in ,.it!. tribal law~s andcustoms.Dairying:rflirnati ccrnditi-ciw :not. :;Eniera'Ly favourallle for dairyingAbut...(xvii)Other CroRs:
(xviii)but 321,426 lb. of butter 1rie nav-rtel_:L _ianufactured at the Tati Creamery inFrancistoun. The LZamanujato frican ,.utLority areed to a loan ofup to l, ,C, tot.0 Zastrn _amiiangato Co-operative Dairies to re-establish and ta.eov-?r a caaino2 dairius in tiis area? a tribal levy being iioused o- e~au supplied oy taisCo-op-T.ative.General:The Soil Conservation Unit completed a nawour of soil rtclamationprojects in tnePitsani area of tie La)ialete Reserve, a further project beil±i completed atShosi±ong in the Lamangwato Reserve. i%.4o spring sponges were 2.enced-offin Lhie bakvena Reserve to cLnserve this natural resource, ater u ..g piped fromone spring into a drinking trough and a domestic water supply point.A big panwas fenced in the nakgatla Reserve and a stone-packed corridorconstructed toenablestock to water in the pan with the minimum amount of fouling of the water.A start ias -lade with thie grazing control and soil conservation feiicelinv of 44000 yards betvween tile Dangwaketsi and bamalete Reserves.Projects previoaslI ccmpleted in the Lang,-aketsi and BamaleteReserves nave shown that badly eroded areas can recover without great capitalexpenditure if crazin, animals are ;xclud~d from these areas and simple soilrclaration "torks erected. The active co-op,ration and assistance r:ceivd froj ii -setwo trioLs Las led to rapid recovery of t-.e veoctation in tAse eroded &reas whichwhen fully recovered can aain Le 0razed under a controlled systemwiherebyareas previously or no iuse whatsoever again Lecoi._e an asset tothi tribe.Suelea finch conutrol was carried out by the use of flame-throwers in theBamanviato Reservq te Tuli Block and Tati District and some 60 acres ofnestin.siues were desLroyed.Staff:kll the agricultural Demonstrator posts were filled and a start
was made Uit1 the uephrtmental training of assistant Demonstrators. A newAgricultural Officer was posted to irancistown to take over theextension work in th-I Tati District, the Bokalaha areof the uamangwato and the2ati Airican Reserve, -,. Agricultural and LivestockOfficer has again been JL sted to kolepolole, iaile the -work in the K gatlengdistrict still falls under the Officer stationed at Gaberones.Prospects, i 09/60 Season:A full programme of agricultural extension woric is ing carried out in alL theeastern res.rvco of t.Le Territory and approximately500 co-operators Verc included in tai extension scheme for improved cropproduction, ex-co-opratvrs and .,-aster Farmers also receivingadvice and attention.Fairly extraive plaitinb of crops took place in Dccemrer except in tii hh atla andnamangw'ato Reserves unhrc only 2&,6 and lf0 of the lands zer: planted.J~nuary and t,. early part of February ias charact:,rizd by extreme condition o.drouont and high temperatures. A few iselat.d s~ors in *cnhc Larolonjs and __n_:aketsi Districts assisted the crops and i. -ov.d c),lospects in t±iese two areas.It was only after the general rairif; in mid-Larch taat cropconditions improved b ut, owin' to tie prolonged drought after planting, cropprospects i.re ge.erally etreidely poor except in tae bangwaketsi and Uarolongdistricts lxere better crops than last season will be reaped. Smallsurpiuses area,.ticipatd from these two areas for sale in th other areas./adverse ....
(xix)Adverse climatic conditions also did extensive damage to the crops on theexperimental stations, the Gaberones trial being a complete failure. Buildin_,shvere erected at the Gaberones station. Grazing became very scarce and taedairying season eventually got away to a bad start.The Co-operative Eascorn JDamang';ato Dairies iare brotlght intoproduction, this project being financed by a loan from the LamangiwatoTribalTreasury. Ghauzi production vas also delayed due to drought conditions but thequantities of butterfat exported have nowJ increased.
(xx)2. Dcro.. ta fTDifficulty of recruitment is r-sultin, in over-frequent wiakesiiiftstaffingarrangemients which tend to detract from efficiency and progress.In the department the following posts were vacant at the end of Larch,1960:Division I.1 Education Officer.Division II.1 Vice-Principal, Teacher Training College.
4 Teachers, Grade I.Division III.4 .Supervisors, L ale.1 Stipervisor, Female.1 Assistant Teacher, T,.acher Training College.It is hoped that it Will be possible to fill some of the vacancies in the inspctorateand at the Teacher Training College during 1960.Thzre is very little prospjct of recruiting teachers forEuropean sciUools as many vacancies exast in neighbouring territories in placesihere living c,!.dcitiions are easier znd prospects of promotion better than in theProtectorate.In tribal pri4ary schools tcie annual turnover of teac±ers is much too great. Of atotal coulple±iient of 373 teachers in the Ngwato Reserve e.g. in 1959, no fe-;rthan 157 resiened or were suspended during tne coarse of tiit year.luany teacit±rsnow: being appointed possess neither qualiificatiuns nor aptitude for their workand the percentage of unqualified and incompetent teachers is disturbingly high.No improvement can be expected until salaries have been increased.(a) Enrolment.In 1.'rican primary schools enrolment rose from 29,924 in 1950to 32,409 in 1959.These &r fiurs of t,.tal arolient on the last day of theschool year which arL r: _.a ired annually for comparative statistical purposes inrorts. 'hey do not, however, ,ive an accurate indication of avurag daly atteidanc,t~roughout the year &s many pupils drift aiay Ln_diutly .ft.r exaaiinations at theend o2 the year.verage daily atttndance iii 1159 t xceeded 34,000 nd development plans iust ods-d o t-_is 1'1ure.In 7-uro Jvan schiools r. .Iolm.nt rote fron 398 in 1958 to 444 in1959._ In Coloured schools enrolment in 1959 was 278 as against 274 in/(b)
(xxi)(b) Buildin-s and Equipment.In most reserves funds available for education have been almost completelydrained by 1hrde increases in recurrent expenditure rvsulting from tht appoint-iento- additional teachers required to cope with large and rapid increases inenrolment. Funds available for buildings and equipment Lave dwindlvdcorrespondingly and implementation of bUilding programmes hasbten sloweddown or halted.In the Bamang-wato Reserve 506 fine new classrooms have been built at primaryschools v;ith funds obtained from the Colonial Development and !elfare Fund.In the samk rcsrvE a uettnruined effort is being made top rovide teachers with suitaole accomodation. Very satisfactory quarters havebeen built with local materials in a number of villaoes.In Lobatsi a small boarding school is buin6 built for Indian
c.iildr;n in the Protectorate. The Indian community has contributed more than£12,000 towards the cobt of this school.A small hostel for c~.l-lcrn ul' the scattered Coloured community Colouredcommunity in Ghanzi is nearin6 completion at iKanagas.Mission activity continues. The Catholic Lission has completed e:-tensi.ons atFra-cistomn and Lobatsi and the Anglican kission has opened a school atLadinare.(c) EZawinaticns. 1959.(i) African.673 candidates cntred for the Standard VI exaLination and 412 pssed, 6 in th firstclass, co in tiie second class and 340 in the third class.(ii) European.34 candidates sat for tae Standard V examination and 31 passed. 11of tlhe 12cdiiCdates for tat Standard VI examination passed.Secondary :dacation.Enrclment increased from 365 in 1956 to 431 in 1959.Junior Certificate e.amiintirn resuis were again very good indeedand tiiere was asli,,ht iproveraent at iiatriculation level. Details are:Junior 1o. of ho.Certificate. -htries. Passing.Loeng College 30 26 Three 1st class, ten 2ndclass, thirteen 3rdclass.St. Josephs College 24 19 seven 1st class, eight2nd class, four 3rd classKanye Secundary School 9 8 Tio 2nid cl~ss, -ix 3rdclass.Kgri &$,chelc 6econdary 2 2 3rd ciss.6chool/Isarig 6econdary School
(xxii)Isang Secondary School 11 6 Third class.katiculation.St. Joseph's College 2.6ioeng College 8 1 Liaic exemption.2 Senior Certificate.Plans are being prepared for the London iissionary SocietySecondary School at Ootsi and it is hoped that building will begin before the endof 1960.The Anglican Iission plans to build a secondary day school in Serowe.Teacher Training.2nrolment incrt ,d froid 74 in 1958 to 86 in 1959 (44 men and 42 tomen).28 students qualified at tie ead of 1959, 19 passing the Prizary Lowur xawinatiunsaiid 9 the Priiary Higher.
The foriaer is an internal exaiin~tion and the latter is an external ezamination forstudents ffom tne three High Coanission territories.he external examiners cowmented on th,. particularly high standard acnieved bybechuana students.Vocational Education.Building of the Trades bchool is likely to be delayed because of the serious waterzijortage in Gaberones, and Lopes of opening the school in 1961 are fading.at St. Joseph's College, ihale, a course of training in commercial subjectsintroduced last year is proving popular. Students are accomodated in excellentlyequipped modern classrooms and a specially-trained sister is in charg.e of thecourse.Places for three L-chuana students were ootained at Domboshawa AgriculturalSchool in Southern Rlhodesia this year.Univcrsity Education.Six students vur3 studyi±g at Pius III University College in Basutoland in 1959.One student comaplted ti. r-u:r,±ents for a science degree at Fort Hare.'wo stude'nts wer niurded bursarius to enable theml to follow coursesatuniversities overseas. One is studying law in London and the otner m,dicino inDublin.GLiZERAL.(i) Visit by 1ducatign Adviser.Sir Christopher Cox, Lducationz.,i Adviser to the Secretary of /Scate ....
(xxiii) UnhlvenwState for ttie Colonies, visited tae t.rr±tory for five days in December, 19599.Schools -,' closed but lie ;-.s bi. to hav discussions bith the staff of t-±eEducation Department, Senior Government officers and other prominent fricans,including .any teachers.(ii) Rusbridger Commaission.Liiessrs. Rusbridger and -"ewer arrived in tile territory inDecember, 1959, to investigate teachers' salaries and conditionsof service.(iii) TsA~a.Anott.r very succesaful Tsiana coarse for Government officerswas held in k.afekin. dIaring January and February, 1960.Professor Cole, as.Asttd by the Translator, X.r. D.iu. L okaila,is nol en~aged on the compilation of L Tswana dictionary.
(xxiv)GEOLOGICAL .SURVEY.Staff.No new appointments to Division I or Division II staff have been made since t'ielast meeting of Council. Fir. D.J. Cullen, Geologist, resigned onthe expiration ofhis overseas leave in July, 1959 and a vacancy for geologist has existed since
then. Mr. O.J. van Straten, Chemist-Petrologist was absent on overseas leave fromJuly until December, 1959.Authority was received early in 1960 to create a new post of Deputy-Director ofGeological Survey, by upgrading one existing post of Geologist, and a post ofChemist, by up-grading the existing post of Laboratory Scientific Assistant. Thepost of Division II Clerk has been upgraded to that of Administrative Assistant.None of these new posts on the establishment has beefilled to date.Mineral Survey.The mineral production figures for 1959, together with those for 1958 forcomparative purposes, were as follows:1958 imAmount. Value. Amount. Value.£ 9Gold (fine ozs) 215 2,643 198 2,434Silver (fine ozs) 44 13 41 13Asbestos (shorttons) 1,734 139,911 1,112 95,268Manganese ore(short tons) 5,893 39,394 15,905 92,004TOTAL £ 191,961 £ 189,719The total value of the mineral production was£2,242 less than in 1958 due to a marked decrease in the production and export ofasbestos fibre from Moshaneng mine, following a slump in the price offibre earlyin 1959. During the second half of 1959 the average monthly production wasonly 90 short tons, compared with an average production of over210 short tonsduring the second half of 1958. The total production during 1959 was 1,410short tons or 855 short tons below the total 1958 production figure.During thefirst four months of 1960 asbestos production at hioshaneng Mine has averaged85 short tons per month and the present indications are that the company willcontinue at this level, possibly with .a slight increase, for the remainder of 1960.Mananese ore production of 20,138 short tons in 1959 showed anincrease of5,925 short tons over the 1958 production figure and exports increased by 9,202short tons valued at £42,610. Of the total exports 6,252 short tonsvalued at£57,238 were exported from the Kgwakgwe Manganese mine. At thisoccurrence the company have recently erected a heavy media separation plant andore beneficiation is due to commence in Pay, when the company's productionshould show an increase.Since the/....
(xxv)Since the last meeting of Council the B.P.LiningCorporation, who are operating in the Bamalete Reserve, have been engaged ondevelopment of the Ootse manganese ore occurrences and during 1959 exported9,653 short tons of ore valued at £34,766. A heavy media separation plant was
erected at the site during 1959 but certain difficulties have been experienced inmaintaining the specific gravity in teseparating cone due to a considerable admixture of gangt'.e, ,,ravel and sand inthe ore feed. There was a temporary recession in the company's activitios, duringthe first four months of 1960, and both the grade of ore and production figureshave fallen below those achieved during the secondhalf of 1959.Departmental activity in direct mineral survey work has continued tobe confinedmainly to coal exploration and to assistance to operating mines. Core drillingand shaft sinking has been in progress in a detailed examination of theMamabule coalfield in the southern Bamangwato heserve. A bulk sample ofsome 6 tons of coal from the lower coal seam in this area was obtained from adepth of 50 to 60 feet inthe first shaft sunk in the areaand sent to the Fuel Research Institutein Pretoria forwashability tests and bulk analysis. The results of these tests indicate that it ispossible to improve the quality of the coal by washing though at a considerablyreduced yield. The Pamabule coal has, unfortunately, the deleterious property ofa high moisture content and drying of the coal may be necessary to produce aproduct which can compete in local markets. This aspect and the question ofmarkets is being investigated by Rhodesian Selection Trust Exploration at thepresent time. A second shaft is in progress to obtain bulk samples from the uppercarbonaceous development and it is expected that this shaft will reach the top ofthe coal seam at a depth of 88 feet by the end of May. Core drilling is continuingand a detailed report on this coalfield will be prepared during the course of theyear.The Department assisted the Moshaneng asbestos mine by undertakingcoredrilling in advance of the company's underground work. Four coreboreholeswere drilled by tie Department and promising fibre horizons were encountered incertain of the cores.Interest has continued to be displayed by mining and prospecting organizations inthp/potential mineral resources of the Protectorate and during the past year anumber of grants, awarding prospecting and mining rights, have been made overvarious areas in the Territory. The negotiations with the Rhodesian SelectionTrust Exploration Company and the Bamangwato were concluded in 1959 andthese give the company a 10-year concession for exclusive prospecting andmining rights, for all minerals excluding diamonds, over the whole of theBamangwato Territory. Representatives of t!ie Company were conducted overvarious mineral occurrences and areas in the Territory by the Geological Surveyduring 1959 and at the end of last year the com.,)any set up localheadquarters andestablished an office, with drawing office facilities and a laboratory, inFrancistown. The company, registered as Bamangwato Concessions,areconcentratinginitially on the Bushman Eine area but expect to coril ence ground prospectingoperations in the 1 iagogaphate area shortly. Airborne magnetometer andscintillometer surveys have been carried out over the area west of the ShashiRiver to the
Makarikari and over the area between the Shashi and Pcloutsie Rivers. Thecompany have also undertaken a market survey, in/.....
(Xxvi)in respect of coal and have been following the Geolorical Survey's work at11amabule with considerable interest. The company will probably take ova: thebulk samples of coal from the second shaft from the Geological Survey foranalysisA short term Crown -rant was awarded to Consolidated African Selection Trustfor diamond prospecting rights over the Bamangwato Tribal Territory and twogeologists of the company were active in this area from July, 1959 until the end ofFebruary, 1960.The Marlime Chrysotile Corporation were awarded a Crown Grant forprospecting and mining rights, for all minerals excluding diamonds, over thewhole of the Bakgatla Reserve for a period of five years. The Company, inconjunction with the Johannesburg Consolidated InvestLment Comipany,coxienced work in the area in earnest early in 1960 and have covered the south-western portion of the aIeserve. The company intend to carry out adrillingprogramme forcoal in the area N of Kochudi shortly.Another Crown Grant has been awarded to a privateindividual for manganese rights, for a period of up to five years, over a large areaof the southern Crown Lands. Work is expected to commence in the area of thegrant in the near future.Negotiations continue on an application for prospecting rights over a large area ofthe Batawana ILeserve.A number of short term Crown Grants for diamondprospecting rights have been awarded over limited areas in the southernProtectorate. Applications for diamond prospecting rights over large areas of thenorthern, central and southern Crown lands have been received and interesL hagbeen expressed in obtaining rights over the five southeastern Reserve areas.Interest has also ben expressed in the brine deposits in the Nata area.This increased prospecting activitY in the Protectorate is in laioge part due to theinterest aroused in thi9faineral potential of the Territory by the .ublioation anddiss 'mination of geological information accumulated by the Geological Surveyduring the course of its work over the past decade.Geological IEap-ing Programiie.In view of ti e amount of prospecting work being carried out by miningorganisations and now that t>. orc important, known mineral occurrences havebeen examined in detail by the Geological Survey, the Departmenthas beenconcentrating on the regional reconnaissance geological mappingprogramme inan attempt to speed up the tempo of this work. Information concerning the basicgeoloTj and structure of the Protectorate resulting from this :aa)ping programmeis fundamental to a correct assessment of tbie economic potential of the Territoryand is the information eagerly sought after by mining and prospecting
organisations During 1959 some 3,000 square miles of territory wasmapped byfour geologists to a scale of 1:125,000 and 3 quarterdegree sheetswerecompleted. During 1959 mapping was carried out in the BamangwatoI'eservethe Bakgatla Eleserve, the Batlokwa iesorve and part of tIe Gaberones Block.Reconnaissance surveys wero carried out in tie soth-central Kalahari region and inthe south-western and north-westernCrown Lands. During the 1960 :"ield season geologicalmapping/....
(xxvii)mapping will be continued in the Bamangato and Bakgatla Reserves andattentionmay be paid to areas in the Bakwena Aeserve.,later DevelopmentThe Geological Survey :as continued to control all Government water boreholedrilling in the Territory.The major contract drilling programme in the eastern Protectorate was completedin May, i 59. From Septe ber, 1956, when contract drilling starttd, until May,1959 a total of 65,477 feet was drilled in 238 boreholes of which 166 weresuccessful. This represents an overall success ratio of 70%. Theboreholos weredistributed as followsArea. No. of No. ofsuccesful FootageBoreholes successful drilled.boreholes.Bakwena 67 48 19,468Bangwaketse 63 42 16,107Bakgatla 48 27 12,373Bamangwato 60 49 17,529A limited contract was let for drilling in the central Kalahari area in the westernportions of the Bangwaketse and Bakwena Reserves where 10 boreholes weredrilled of which 7 were successful. Geophysical surveys werecarried out in theGhanzi district in connection with the projected expansion of the Ghanzi farmingblock. Assistance has also been rendered to townships, notably Gaberonos, andwork has continued with the cattle export route drilling in the central Kalaariwhere a number of potable supplies have been located recently in previouslywaterless stretches.During the 1960/63 development period no funds have been voted forcontractdrilling and all work will be carried out by the Drilling Branch. On thebasis of225 equipped boreholes allocations have been made and priorities decided on forthe 1960/63 period. Geophysical surveys are already in progressand drilling isbeing carried out in the Barolong and Bamialete Reserve areas. Twogeologistsare entaged on geophysical surveys in NgyAiland where drilling will colmaonceshortly. Work is in progress for a Veterinary quarantine and cattle export route inthe Odiakwe areas in the northern Protectorate. It is hoped to complete theGlan,;i cattle export route by the end of 1960 at least. Test drilling is planned for
the Ootse area in an attempt to augment the supplies for Lobatsi township wherethe growing water consumption is causing consideroable concern.Headquarters and General.Owing to the absence of the Chemist/Petrologist on leave for 6 months during1959 the amount of chemical work possible has been severely curtailed.Assistance has, however, been rendered to various prospecting organisations andattention paid to water analysis.In the/.....
(xxviii)In the drawing office a new provisional geological map of the Territory to a scaleof 1:1,000,000 was draughted and issuod with the Annual deport for1958 at ascale of 1:2,000,000. A topographical map of the territory was drawn toaccompany the Annual Territorial Report for 1958. Naps, plans and sections havobeen draughted for the Records for 1957/58.The Annual Report for 1958 and a Nineral Resources Report No. 1, "TheMorapulo Coalfield, Palapye Area" by O.J. van Straten, have been printed andissued. The Annual Report for 1959 has been complited and it is hoped to beable to send it to the printers in the near future. The Records of the GeologicalSurvey for 1957/58 will be printed shortly.
(xxix)iEDICAL.OUT-PTILQTS:The total number of out-patients recorded was 328,219 of which 215,321 werefirst attendances.Other attendances for vaccination, inoculations,examinations, etc. totalled 234,720. The total attendance was therefore 562,939.IN-P&TIE1425:Seventeen thousand, one hundred and ninety-nile in-patients were admitted.At the end of 1959 the number of A1frican hospital beds available,bothGovernment and 1iission, was 669 and 152 cots an increase of 106 beds and 5cots over 1958.The increase in the numuer of African beds is mainly due to the openingoffurther accomodation for tuberculosispatients at Lobatsi, 6erowe, Francistown and Gaberones.HEALTH Ci'iTRES 1D MSTLiSARIS:The new health centres at Ghanzi and Tsaoong iiereopened during the year, and nave so far proved very successful.The centres at Iahalapye and Gaberones have gone from strength tostrengthduring 1959. During the year the luahalapye centre dealt with 742 in-patients and29,326 out-patients, whilst at Gaberones the corresponding figures were 999 and23,247.
The total number of permanent dispensaries run by Government and.issioncentres is 65.It is instructive to compare the above figures with those for 1956,during whichperiod the total out-patients attendances were 497,710; in-patients numbered12,013 and the total number of beds available was 518 and 86 cots. Only twoHealth Centres were in operation and the total number of permanent clinics was35.6CLOOL 4ZDICzL IKIPLCTIc $:Thcse inspections are an important part of preventivemedicine, but ovin, to shortage of staff it has not been possible to conduct themfor many yers. During 1959 a coi.prehensive surios of school inspections werecarried out by a temporary Ledical officer at Serowe and P.lapye with veryinteresting results.BUILDIIGS:The following oaildings were completed during 1959:1. Health Centre, Tsabong.2. Health C~ntre, Ghanzi.3. Laundry, Francistown Hospital.4. .....
(xxx)4. liteasion to Lental Home, Lobatsi.5. Six-bed .ard, Health Centre, Gaberones.6. Ante-natal Block, &ahalapye.7. Tuberculosis Block (24 beds each) at Lobatsi,Francistown, 1 ahalapye and Gaberones, and a 48-bedblock at in.aaye.building of the following was comfnenced duringthe year:1. Health Centre, Rakops.2. Latrnity Unit, Francistown Hospital.3. African Nurses Home, Francistown Hospital.4. Laundry, Serowe Hospital.PUBLIC ahELTH:Of intcrnational quarantinable diseases, siaallpox only was notified. There were3 cas-s, with one death. These cases uore traced to an imported case.T"iere vere two small outbreaks of diphtheria but other infectious diseasesremained at a very lovi level.
(xxxi)POLICE.ESTk.BLISH=ENT.Since the last meeting of Council the Secretary of State has apiroved an increasein establishment of 1 Sbergeant, 2 Corporals and 15 Trooper/Constabls. Theapproved kstaulishment of the Force with effect from the 1st April,1960, is as follows:Division 1.
Commissioner 1Deputy Commissioner 1Senior Superintendents 2"ssistant Superintendents 1519Division 11.Senior Inspectors andInspectors of Police 39Inspuctor/Paymaster 1.arrant Officer Class 1 141Division 111.ari-,it Officers Class 11 3 &rgeants 10Corporals 39Troopers/Constables 324TLtal ........ 436RLCRJIT.L1T- aD TRIivII1G OF LUROPEAhS.Seven subordinate officers have been appointed sincethe last meting of Council, five of ijiom were born in the United ingdci and twoin the Union of South Africa. All those rcruitd ov-rse.s had previousexperiencein United 1Kingdom Police Forces.During the period under review three probationary Inspectors tendered theirresignations and, in addition,two Inspectors wer, transferred to tile basutoland Lounted Police on promotion toAssistant Superintendents of Police.There :as a very big improv-ment in the results ofPolice officvrs ,ho took the Ts,,ana language examinations.all those .ilo s5t passed the exaiainations; five being successful inotiinine teIntermdiate Grade and six in passing the Lo-,;:r Standard Lxamination.RZCiRUI-L;T ),D T.R&ULIhG: -FRICal PULICE.The nunuer of applications received from Africans for enlistment is fairlyconstant but there is still somedifficulty in obtaining recraits of a sufficient standard of education to ot capableof dealing with the increasingly complex duties vhich members of the Force arecalled upon to perform. It is of interest to note, however, that the/percentage
(xxxii)percentage of African Police iith higher than third standard education has risenfrom 38b in 1946 to 84b in 1959.All recruits undergo a comprehensive course at the Police Training Dvpot,Gabrons, and promotion courses, radio and mutorological courses havc also beenheld. kttorological Stations, manncd by African mumbrs of the Force, aru no-:establishud at Gab ronks, Francistown, Tshabong, Tshane, Gianzi, Shaka,;' and atHcadquarters, .aITking.
,,IRZLL6S 1,D R-DiC COL.UIIC.TICJ'S.Two n~w Po.hice Radio stations huve been established at Palapyv andRamathlabama.The Police rdio network has Lb:n considerably improved by the construction ofsix new transmitters and three new receiving sets. £htese wure built by the ForceUiruless officer and mssistant Force Wireltss officer in the Police radioworkshops .t Hcadquarters and are specially adapted to local conditions.BUILDUIeS iID aCC.ODaTiON.Thv position continues to improve. Nev stations have been completed andoccupied at mochudi and Pitsani kolopo and financial provision has beonapproved for the building of new Police stations and quarters at kartins Drift,Gwetta, Raioutsa and Ramaquabane.The number of nw standard pattern type African quarters now occupied by Policy,ot at present being constructed, are:fIufking 10Gaberones 44Lochudi 6Lol.polole 2Lobatsi 10Ramathlabama 4..urdaTshabong 6Tshane 6Francistown 12Gvetta 5Ramaqua~ane 56trowe 9Rakops 4lobonong 5iuaun 116hakawe 6Gnanz iLamonoiv'ahalapye kachanengBaints Drift 7iKasane 7Lartins Drift 5REVIZU OF CRfl,.Durin, 1959, 9642 cases w;;rQ invstigatud by Police compared iitn 9,926 cases in1958. Thvre -as a drop in the number of Tax offcnders but increases in thenumber of murder, stock theft and assault cases.
(xxxiii)POSTS fitD TLLE RaPHS.POET OFFILS.
Durin the past six ±4onths full post offices havebeen opened at azungula and 1iachaneng and postal agencies at Kasane, iMartinsDrift, L6anzibar, 6hashi Drift and Moeng.There are now sixteen full post offices and thirtyfive agencies in the Territory.POST.G2 6T&LPS,The 75th Anniversary Commemorative postage stamp sales, althoughconsiderable, have not quite come up to expectations.Large numbers of stamp orders vwere received, but in vie, of t"u fact that thevalue of a s~t aiounts to only lOd., large numbers of sets have to besold before anappreciable am.ount of revenue is oitained. To .ate the approxiadte a~aount ofsales of these stamps amount to25,300.It is suggested that any future special issues should contain a 2/6 denomination,wJhich would considerably increase the revenue derived from philatelists.Although tne dsigns for the new 6tamp issue havebeen finalised, thu results of tue Stamp Design Competition have yutto weannounced. It is understood that there has been some delay in clearingcopyrights of tnt higher denominations through Croi.n agents.TELEPOiLS.Good progress has been aciiiuved in the field ofcommunications during tnt past twelve months. In August of last yeartheNorth/South tulephone route was completed and during hovuwber the Gaberon:s/!olepolole spur linked up to the main route. In addition, the existing LobatsiRamoutsa trunk line nas been vxtended to Gaberones Village, t thereby affordingthat office a more expeditious outlet to Lobatsi.Thu construction of a furtheur party line from Gaberones to Seilehiu s had theeffect of providing telephone facilitios to practically tie ,aole of the Gaberonesfarming community. Th diversion of £3,250 from Railway hater Supplies toTolecommunications has greatly xssisted in reducing the 1-avy backlog oftelephone applications at Francistown, Lobrtsi, Lolepolole and hanye. During thepast twelve months 197 new telepnones were installed, bringing the total numoerof telephones in the Territory up to575.Provided funds are available under the Development Plan the nvxt major projectwhich is envisaged will be in the Tuli Block.The programne, wliich vill take betyjeen tuo and three years to complt -ill btundertaken in three sta.es.(1) Mahalapye - hacnaneng.(2) !achanong north- rds as far as the 1 acloutsi rivez/(3)
(xxxiv)(3) Lacloutsi southnvards to the end o& the Tuli Block. Fands from thissourceiuill also be used for:(a) The extnsion of telephones to a number ofof outlying villaes such as 'iogobane,
Tha-aga and Loshupa.(b) Buildin, of party lines in the Francistownarea.ThtEGRILPHSThe large volume of ttlvgraph traffic w'hich is transmitted betiaen Lobatsi (theTerritory's southern outlet to the Union) and Johannisburg, has necessitated theinstallation of a teleprinter iuhich has resulted in a great reduction on tuledelayson telegrams.R.7VjWUE.The result of the public becoiaing more telecommunication minded is reflected inthe healthy revenue for the calendar y-ar ending 31st Deceuber,1959, whichamounted to £152,952 - an increase of £11,620 over revenue earned durin thecorresponding txvelve months of 1958.A sumiary of the revunue earned is as follows:Postal £24,969 2Parcul transits 70,076 - 9!.ail transits 34,891 18 11Telegraphs 8,724 12Telephones 13,952 13 8Radio fees 8 1£152,952 13 4
(xxxv)PUbIiiIC 40RKS.Staff:Division I and II vacancies az at 31st 'arch, 1960, were as follous:A .. - General:1 iccountant.A.2. - 1uildi.s (Development):1 Assistant A'rchitect.&.1. - Roads:2 Works Staff Grade II (Road Foremen).A.4. - iviechanical:1 Engineer (iaechanical).D 25 -- burface ;,ater Development:1 Engineer (Civil).1 Construction Forewan.D.2619 - Under~round .ater Development:1 Zn ineerin- Draughtsman.2 Field kaintunance ,echanics.Tho followin. Division I and II appointments i; re made.irs. J.D. 6mith, LadyClerk, with effect froa 22.1.58.Lr. G.F. van Rensburg was promoted to Inspector of VWorks (Roads) uith effect from 29.7.58.iiss L,.D. Palwer, Lady Clerk, with effect from 1.5.59..ir. J.V. Strydom, Construction Superintendent, witheffect froa L2.6.59.
i,'r. T. Dunn, Clerk, w;ith effect frow 1.9.59.ir. R.i. irker, Inspector of Works, with effect from30.11.59.Lirs. H. Reus-3evan, Lady Clerk, ith effect from15.12.59.ILr. D.A. Irlan~sun, Draughtsman, to permanent cstablishmtnt, ith kffect from25.3.59.lr. F. Sizipson, Drauhtsiian, with .ff-ct from 25°.2.60. TLu following casualti.soccurrud:kr. C.S. Canpbeill, ClLrk, rLsign,:d with :ffct from1.7.59. Ar ....
(xxxvi)r. a.G. .hackie, Enginter (-Lchanical) transferred toSarawa' itii effwct from 7.9.59.Lr. R.Hood, Draughtsman, compltion of contract, vitheffect from 20.3.59.1r. J. Brown, Cl,rk, resigned, with tffect from1.12.59.L"r. G.J. 17istoli, Draughtsman, completion of contractwitii vf Z ct from 28.6.59.Mr. D.S.J.J. van Rensburg,&5rveyor Draughtsman,resigned with famct from -.4.60.ROt"DS:The en2ral standard of ti±; roads and road maintenance in the Protctoratv .LasiuprovCd considerably during recent years. This -as iadu possiblu, to a largeextent, by the additional funds provided under tii, road developmentprogramme.Tie Public -.orks Departmi.:nt is now responsible for maintaining 2,295 ..ils ofroads, divided into categories of kain, Secondary, Improved tracksand Ungradedtracks.Among th . many items discussed at the opening meeting of the Road and &irTransport advisory board hcld during Lay lst year, was tat, niimly proposedschedule of roads and as a r-sult, during .Larch this year, a schedule of PulJicRoads ias gazettud.Aided by continual bush-dra6ging and grading, the general condition of earth and6ravel road surfaces, was kept at a relatively high standard. The more importantroads stood up well to the marked incruase in traffic density out, therethur- art -,vier concentrations of traffic, corru~ations have formed.The more iLportant ites of work, other than pure maintenance carried out duringth, period under reviuw,vere as follojs:(a) .cto hundre'd and sixtuen miles of nvw roadsru compl.ted, involving eithr the re-alignmentof thL !xistin road or construction of completely avu road. Ti-. more importantnew roadsinclude a tLdty-five mile section between, .akia and Zekhuma, a sixty-five mile stretch
from Ghanzi to U e N'gamiland border and athirty-five mile section from Francistown toTsessebe(b) Thirty-five culverts oZ varying sizes wereconstructed during the year, and have provedmost effective in rvducin6 thie scouring effect,which would otiitrwise have occurred at thesepoints;(c) Gravellin6 has continued on the poor andexcessivvly sandy or soft stretches of road,vYita special reference to th% road east ofIaun; and(d) Two large causeways, built on the Gabionprinciple, viere completed over the kahalapye river, one at I.ahalapye and theother on theDacklin road in tne Tuli block. A third causewayover tnie Taupse rivwvr was improved. The/Puleng ....
(xxxvii)Peleng ,ridgtu, a lovw level brid~e consistingof re-inforctd concrete spans w~as oe,;dttraffic on the 1st April, 196& pn.dtAERODROLES:Norwal maintenancv, consisting mainly of .brass cutting, was cariti& outregularly, and &r~din,- when necessary. The newz Liatn acrodrojiit p~ ut intoful use during October.BUILDINGS:Durin, tlit pLriod und:r ruview, the more iportantbuildin~s, complted, eitlir departmentally or by contract, wv; as follows:T.B.Bhkiltur, L~aun;Isolatiun -liard7 ?kaun;Post Office, Gxaanzi;Veterinary Office, Gnanzi*Common roo~as to Hosttul, Glianzi;Coloured Sciiool, i),nt.6as;T.B. Shelt~r, Gharizi;Health Ctvntre, Ghanzi;T.]s. &trSeirowe; iNurs,;s lHoiaL, -coeCommon Rooza, :;uropean Hostj Francistown;T.B. Unit, Francistown;Isolation '.,rds, Francistown;Nursus qu~rt-rs FrancisonT.B. Unit, i-Lhalapye;HLjalth Centre, Rakops;
. dditions to District &dministration Offic,2s, Lobatsi;Common Room L~Uropvan bcilool, Lobatsi;Police -!,adquirters, Gaberones;District Police Hedquarters, Gaoerones;Nvvv Gaol, Gabrones; Stables, Gaoerones;Sist, rs Flats, Lobatsi;Post Office, Rawioutsa;Double T..d. Unit, inanye;African Iiousini,, throughout thu WT..ritory;Lurop ,an iiousing, throu hout t.±e Territory...ork is :Ln kiand on the following building-s:H,!.-th Centrv, 'LLasane;1%fric-P. :Iousi:l", La sane; £Lurop..an liousin', asana;hadditions to Polico Offices, Latin;Police 6tution, -crtins Drift;P.i..D. YLard, Ghanzi-,Laundry -aid Store, L.rope an 6chool, Ghanzi;Sup, rscale house, 14citon Block flats, Francistown;Indian ,chool, Lobatsi;olock flats, Lobatsi;Block flats, Gaberones; ±ivalth Centre, xuociiudi;Disptensevrs and Nurse s quarters, iochudi;/uropean
(xxxviii)European Housing, iKaun;African Housing, Lachaneng;African Housing, bobonong;Bamangivato Schools, 6elika;European and African Housing, Lartins Drift;Gvnu.rally, as the yvar progr.ssed, so contract workwas reduced as far as possiblu, and more emphasis placedon direct labour. ..perience h s shown that both the quality and pro.ress ofcontract works, were most disappointing.SURVEYS:"iork undertaken by tiie Department's Surveyor, inciudedthe following:Survey Police Camp, 1,artins Drift;Survey of Camp, Palapye;Survey of liahalapye Avrodrome;Survey of rvcreation 6rounds, Looatsi;Demarcation survey of thQ i6akwena/banguakvtsi boundary.SURFACE . DLVZLCL: h;iMotwani Dam. Thc. main dai wall is completed andiipoaus approxiately 300,000 gallons of wattr at present.The dam ancillary -orks art also complete. .ornk is in Vrozrtsb by air~ct labourcom pluting the 6,00 feet of
o inch diametcr stel delivery mLains to the siding, installigthe pumps and enin._s and fencing in the dam basin.Lobatsi. Th 2 position rw.ardin0 the new water schemefrom tae. "'oodlinds,' boroole sourc¢ som, e thrde miles eastof Lobatsi, to augment th±, Lobatsi water supply, is much thesamie as tills t.ic last year, ,"-c.pt tnat tile 72,000 gallonpressed ste:el reservoir ws ercct-d on the "hill saddle"above :oodlands. The majority of tia2 i4aterials andvquipment necessary to compl~tu the scheme are in store ppending settlement byGovernment of the very difficultnegotiations ior the servitude rights, etz. Information is now to hand t:±atnegotiaticns -re finalised. For our part,work on the pumping aind distribution main will start immediately. Gab ;rons.idid-y,er 1959, a firm of Consultantswere invited to invwstigatu and compile a rt.port on ascheme for the augmentatiLn oL tile Gaberones watcr supply,entailing treatment works, pumping and pipin6 thu water from tne Notwani Lamto Gauerones, some nine miles away.The report hes oten received and, s a result, the Consultant has been instructed todraw up contract documentsand invite tenders.kahalape. Investigatiuns were carried out with aviw to incrisin, ti. supply for maahalapye. Briefly, thescheme will entail enlarging on the pre.sent mwthod ofeztracting the wat,tr in suspension in tna. sandy clay bed ofthe Mahalapye river.UUNDERGROMJiD WATR DLfLLOP"iUg:Improvem,.ents to e.xistin wdater supplies. 'W4ith the aidof funds provided by tke: Veterinary Department, the watersupply comprising the install_ tion of three borehole pumping plants,cr ction of& 12,000 gallon capacity steel tank and/tower
(xxxix)tower and the laying of approximately 3 mils of piping was completed fortheVeterinary experimental farm at Ramat1t labama.Minor storabe and distribution schemws werQ carried out for the Indian School atLobatsi the Village School and Post Office at Ramoutsa and for the Police postand new African quarters at Baines Drift.Pumping plant installations. During the period undeT review, fifty-sevenborenoles supplying both Tribal and Governmunt neuds wure equipped withengine powerjd pumping plants of varying capacities.1ZhANICiL BRANCH:During the period under review, the 1 echancial Section carried out2,807Government jobs and 318 jobs for the Public unable to obtain serviceelsuwhore
in the T,rritory. Of the Govrrnment jobs, 853 wero carried out atGaberones, 493at Lobatsi, 505 at Francistown, 471 at kaun and 485 at liahalapye.At Gaberonts, the veuicle repair shop completed 18major overhauls, 49 general repairs, 246 minor repairs and at tended 62breakdowns, including accidents, in the field.Th,: diesel fiul pump and calibrating room reclaimed 1,089 fuel injectors andcarried out 47 complete overhauls and 16 minor repairs and testing to singlecylinder pumps and 77 complete overhauls and 44 minor repairs and testing tomulti-cylinder pumps.In the tractor bay, 9 tractors received complete overhauls and 62general repairsand service. The number of Caterpillar graders and bulldozers toreceive generalre" pairs and service numbered 69 excluding the Catterpillar generating plantsituated at workshops.During th, y.ar, the machine shop reground 77 crankshafts of all types, r~bored 5)cylinder blocks, topped 23 sets of diesel pistons and boreA 88 engine connectingrods, in addition, r~pairs to drilling tools and the fabrication of all typus of spareparts are noted.In the engiina bay, the complete overhaul and test of diesel and ptrol:nginesnumbered 67 diesel, and 24 petrolengines.In the drill rig repair section, the main itemsmentioned are the complete overhaul of one rig and 3 rig engines and 18 rigsreceived general repairs and service.The welding and bbcksmith shop performed innumierableservices in support of the mechanical s,ction, in particular thL fabrication of thrve1,000 gallon water sprinklers for Roads.The electrician overhauled and serviced 113 vehicle starter motors, 105 vehiclegenerators and 20 vehicle regulators. In addition, new buildings and new wingson hospitals were wired and general repairs and service were givento all electricgenerating plants in the Territory by this officer. During the year, an electricianwas postud to the Francistoun workshops to sarve the Northern Protectorate.In the carpenters' and wagon builders' shop, fourcaravans v re constructed on Lourdad vehicle chassis, three maintenance units;.ere completed and one building and 46 pump houses were constructed. Inaddition, the usual services ere rendered. /In ....
(xi)In the paintshop, 47 units were resprayed comprising vehicles, tractors andgraders, registration plates and notice boards were painted, lettered and nLabnred.The underground water development and water maintenance section, in additionto ecquipping 57 borehol.s, carried out the folloiing work. Rising mains andpumps withdrawn for repairs numbered 145? diesel engin ,s repaired and servicednumbered 266, diesel engines replaced wjith reconditioned units numbered 12,powerheads repaired and serviced numbered 75, 32 animal 'earpumps v;ererepaired, w windmills were repaired and 11 handpumps were repaired. ister diesel
engines coLlete1y overhauled in the workshops numbered 29. ol uater mettswo.re reconditioned. Service vas rendered to all th_ pumping stations on the cattlerout.s and fencing round '&ater points ias erected at Kang, LoneTree andTakachi.iane.
(xli)VETERINARY.Grazing Potential.The rains which fell at the beginning of the year were either too lightor tooscattered to effectively relieve the drought conditions which had existed over thegreater part of the territory at the end of 1959. By the end of February, reportsreceived from most districts indicated that the lack of grazing and shortage ofwater was becoming a serious problem for stock owners. These conditionsapplied to the greater part of the territory with the exception of the most Southernportion including the Lobatsi area, the Molopo area and the BangwaketseReserve, where fairly adequate rains had occurred. Conditions imporved slightlyduring March and April, but the position at the moment is that the amount ofwinter grazing available in most areas is limited and of poor quality.Water supplies, both surface and underground, have not been sufficiently re-inforced during the past few months to ensure lasting supplie,4over the dry period(recent rains may have altered the water position, but not the grazing position),The Abattoir.The Lobatsi Abattoir re-opened on the llth January 1960.The demand for quotas to supply the abattoir duringJanuary and February was not excessive, as cattle were not in good condition, butthe prospect of a bad winter resulted in fairly heavy demands for cquotas duringMarch-April.A record number of 12,415 head of cattle were slaughtered during the month ofApril, 1960.Total slaughterings for the period llth January to the end of April 1960, numbered39,285.In January appeals against the grading at the Lobatsi abattoir were lodged on twooccasions for the first times since December, 1956. The first appeal whichinvolved e#h carcases was upheld on two carcases and dismissed on the other six.The second appeal involving two carcases was upheld on one carcase anddismissed on the other.Foot and Houth Disease.In the beginning of 1Iarch a reported outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease atSanhwassa in the Caprivi Strip, 10 miles from the Chobe River, was confirmed bythe Union Veterinary Authorities.Immediately steps were taken to prevent the disease from spreading across theChobe River to the cattle or game in the neighbouring areas of the BechuanalandProtectorate. *A manual cordon was established along the riverfront fromKazungula to Satau west of Kachikau.
A system of river patrols was put into operation in order to stop any movement ofcattle or game from the Caprivi Strip crossing into the Bechuanaland Protectorateand also to control any river traffic coming from the Caprivi Strip.A standstill order was placed on all cattle in the Chobearea/.....
(xiii)area and regular cattle inspections carried out.Similar precautionary measures were adopted in theShakawe area opposite the western end of the Caprivi Strip, in case anyinfectionexisted in the cattle in that area.The following veterinary staff were posted tb these areas in order to effect thoseemergency control measures.CiIB]. - 1 Veterinary Officer, 3 Livestock Officers,6 Veterinary Assistants,8 Police Troopers,1 Sergeant Lajor in charge of Police.SHAKAWE . - 1 Veterinary Officer,2 Stock Inspectors,6 Veterinary Assistants.To date all the cattle in these areas have been inspected several times,but no signof the disease has been foud.Lumpy Skin Disease.An outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease occurred awong the cattle on theColonialDevelopment Corporation Ranch at Panda-ma-Tenga during February. Thisresulted in the area being placed under quarantine restrictions, and halted thepreparations for the export of Ngamiland cattle through Panda-ma-Tenga toRhodesia. Cattle which were already moving along the trek route to Panda-ma-Tenga for export were halted en route and kept there to avoid being infected andalso to ensure that they were not incubating the disease which might break outamongst them later, before moving back to Bushman Pits.Since the outbreak of disease meant that the entireexport of Ngamiland cattle had to be stopped, it was decided that the remainder ofthe cattle from Ngamiland should be trekked to Nata or Dukwe from wThere theywould be sent by road transport to the railhead at Francistown. From there thecattle were railed to the Cold Storage Commission, Bulawayo, for slaughter.By the end of April a total of 3,000 head of Ngamiland cattle were exported toBulawayo.Niamiland Cattle export.In the early part of this year several surveys werecarried out in the area neighbouring the Colonial Development Corporationholding grounds at Panda-ma-Tenga with a view to building a quarantine campthere for the export of Ngamiland cattle. Unfortunately, no suitablesite could befound in that area.Subsequent - to the decision to re route the 14gamiland
cattle via Nata to Francistown, a survey was carried out in thE Odiakwearea tofind a suitable site for a quarantine camp. An area South of the Francistown/Maunroad, 14 miles Northwest of Odiakwe was selected and work is in progress at theraoment firing off this new quarantine camp.Three boreholes were put down in the Ccamp and two in the area betweenOdiakwe and Nata with the assiistance of a Colonial/....
(xliii)Colonial Development Corporation drilling rig. A Government drilling rig is atthe moment testing these boreholes prior to establishinp more watering points onthis new route.Development.Six prefabricated rondavels were erected by the Department at the followingw:atering points on the Crown Lands section of the Ghanzi trek route - Hiahehae,Tswane, Tohatswane, Lone Tree Pan and Yang. Unfortunately, it 'ias not beenpossible to complete this vork on the Bonguakzetse section of the route as thepermanent boreholes have not yet been established.A new borehole at Paduhudu is at the moment being equipped by the PublicWorks Department.Livestock Advisory Board.A Livestock Advisory Meeting was held at Lobatsi on the 22nd January, 1960.The main item on the agenda concerned the discussion of detailed proposals forthe formation of the new Company and the take over by this Company from theColonial Development Corporation.Union Meat Board.The Acting Director of Veterinary Services attended the Meat Board Meetingsheld in Pretoria on the 23rd - 26th January, 1960, the Interterritorial iieeting onFoot aid houth Disease held on the 4th March, 1960. The new Anti Foot andMouth Disease Vaccine was discussed. The Ngamiland Traders' Meeting washeld on the 10t' March, 1960.Tours.The Acting Director of Veterinary Services visited Maun, Chobe andPanda-ma-Tenga on the llth, 12th and 13th Mlarch,1960.Staff.Dr. Unsworth left !"afeking for overseas leave on the 9th January, 1960 and Dr.h.S. Reichert M.B... is Aoting Director of Veterinary Services, Mr.J. Falconer isActing Deputy Director of Veterinary Services, hIr. D. NlacNab is ActingDivisional Veterinary Officer at Francistown and hr. G.L:. Townsend isVeterinary Officer at the Lobatsi abattoir.Veterinary Officer, Mr. L. P. Colly and Detention Officer, Mr. Carstens, are on aMeat Grading Course in Johannesburg. The former will be away for threemonths and the later for 6six months.
(xliv)
AFRIC&N ADVISORY COUNCIL40TH SESSION.ULSTIONS AiiD '".ZRS.No. 1. By Lr. S. 1 athlabapiiri.C uestion:.ie learn that the Union Govwrnment will bechanging its monetary system to that of decimal coinage early in 1961.bill theechuanaland Protectorate adopt the same system?Answer :1otion No. 12 on the Agenda of the present Session of Council is exclusivelyconcerned with this question, the ans; ur to whicn is briefly, that theBechuanaland Protectorate will adopt tie sawe system.No. 2. BY 1.r. i"atlhabapniri.Question:Could the Government subsidize the Agricultural Department to purchase tractorsfor uire by individuals or co-operative societies for tilling lands and diggingdams?answer tThis question was raised by the Economic Survey iission and if funds areavailable the possibility of a pool of tractors nd iwplements for contract work onlands will receive full consideration after detailed invstioations iave been made._No_-. By Chief oathoen II.-t.uestion"How, many Post and Telcraph offices have been established ".-d, of these, howmany are run by African Postmasters?ansy;er :Six main Post and Telegraph Offices, 10 sub Post and Telegraph Offices and 35Postal &gencies have been establisiud azid, of these 9 Sub. Post QndTelegraphOffices and 27 Postal a-encies are run by African Postmasters.No. 4. By Chiiif rathoen II.,,uestio n:Is thu replAcuvnt of a European Officer by an african a proaotion or aconvenience and does such an African x'_ceive the balary of his predectssor?answer :The rcpiacei..ent of a European Officer by an African officer could be:(a) apromotion e.g. a Division III African clerkLight rediacv a Division II European clerk.(b) a plain transfer e.g. a Higlier Grade Africanclerk might replAce a Division II Europeanclurk.(c) .....
(xlv)(c) a new appoint±ent from outside the servicee.g. a vacancy for an Education Officer
formerly occupied by a European, was filledin 1957 by an african.Tha salary provided in the wstituates would be payable but, exceptin Division I,inducement pay would not be payable to an African officer.
AFRICAN ADVISOLY COUNCIL40TH SiSSION.OPENING ADDRUSSBYHIS I1ONOURT11 ACTING IrtSIDENT COM1ISSIONLRS. V. Lawrenson, Lsq., O.B.].30th May, 1960.Chiefs and Councillors,I welcome you all to the 40th Session of theAfrican Advisory Council and in particular I welcomethe new member, Mr. Peto Sekgoma who is a representative from the BangwatoTribal Territory.2. I have to record with deep regr t the followingdeaths since Council last met :Mr. Tshekedi Khama, a member of this Council and a personal friend of Yany ofus, died last year aftera short illness. By his death, Council and theProtectorate has lost a member of outstanding statusand intellect. his achievements and reputationwere not confined to Bechuanaland; he was knowninternationally. ile served the Bamangwato people as Re nent and then asSecretary for over 30 yearsand for the greater part of that time he was a Liember of this Council. 7.e wasalso a memberof other Councils and Committees, but his longerand most strongly embedded connection was withthis Council, and it is here that he will be mostsorely missed.Sub Chief Ramokate, also a member of this Council,served his tribe and the Protectorate for manyyears and was a leading personality and administratorin the Tati Area, His loyalty to the Crown and hisselfless devotion to the betterment of !is peoplehlave been recognised by us all and was rewarded bythe recent award made to him by Her ldajesty the Queen.As a mark of respect to their memories I would askCouncil to stand.3. Her Majesty the Queen was graciously pleased toaward the following honours and awards in respect of
services in the Bechuanaland ProtectorateBirthday awards, 1959.O.B.33. Mr. J. G. HaskinsDr. A. M. MerriweatherMr. A. G. Burton-Smith.M.B../. ...
M.B.L. Mr. I. J. Titlestad.Colonial Police Medal.Lt. T. J. Dent.Sgt. Maj. A. T. Mokgatle.New Year awards, 1960.O.B.l. hr. It. A. A. Bent.1.B.1L. Mr. A. i1. T. Kneen.Mr. K. 1I. Kgopo.Colonial Police - edal.Capt. W. Mallen,Cpl. B. Juma.In addition His ixcellency the High Commissioner was pleased to make thefollowing awards in the name of her I4ajestyBii-thday awards, 1959.Certificate of Honour and Badge.The late Sub Chief P. Ramokate.Police Long Service and Good Conduct Redal.Cpl. J. Gombalume.Tpr. Iq.i. Sesebeng.New Year awards, 196Q.Certificate of Honour and Badge.Mr. K. PL. Bome.Police Long Service and Good Conduct Medal.Tpr. G. Ralolemo.Tpr. H. Natshela.4. Mr. T. V. Scrivenor C.Ei.G. who for seven years aeld the post of Deputy ilighCommissioner has now retired. The post of Deputy High Commissioner hasbeen redesignated to that of Chief Secretary and is now held by hr. C. I. LatimerC.B.h. who, as Council will remember, acted as Government Secretary in theBechuanaland Protectorate from 1952-54. Mr. Scrivenor has asked me to sayhow sorry he was that he was unable to say good-bye to the people of theProtectorate.5. Since Council last iiiet the following senior staff changes have occurred.A.J.A. Douglas/....
-3Mr. A.J.A. Douglas O.B.E. has been appointed as
a Senior District Officer and is at presentworking in the Secretariat as DevelopmentSecretary.Mr. D. D. Grieve, Director of Public Works hasretired and until his successor is appointed theDeputy Director Mr. P. J. Powell is acting asDirector.Mr. J. S. Gandee O.B.2. who was sent to us onappointment from the Commonwealth RelationsOffice and has acted as Assistant Development Secretary, has now been secondedto the YTighCommissioners Office.Mr. J. C. Northway Senior Auditor has beentransferred to Nigeria and Lr. S. Cruiks Lastaken his place, on transfer from Sarawak.6. Members will be aware that the Joint AdvisoryCouncil at its 10th Session held in October last year approved the Report made bythe Council's Constitutional Committee. This Report has since been publishedand members will all have had an opportunity of studying it. Therecommendations contained in the Report for t e formation of a LegislativeCouncil have been sent to the Fligh Commissioner. An announcement of theSecretary of State's decisions is expected in the near future.7. Since we last met the Protectorate has beensignally honoured by a visit from the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Mr.Macmillan, and many of you were present at this historic and happy occasion inFrancistown last January. His visit has been aninspiration to us all and we can rest assured that, in his own words, "the obligationthat Britain assumed when the Bechuanaland Protectorate came intoexistence isone that she will scrupulously fulfill". We are happy too that the co-operation ofall sections of our community in the many tasks we have in hand did not escapehis notice and that on his return to Britain he saw fit to quote our country as anexample to many. Gentlemen, poor as we are/o...
-4are as a territory and dependent on outside aid, we have as the resultan increasedreputation to uphold, and I am sure I voice your own feelings whenI say that weare proud of the Prime Minister's reference to Bechuanaland and are confidentthat we can live up to it.8. I am pleased to be able to inform Council thatthe estimates for 1960/61 have been approved by the Secretary of State subject tocertain deletions and reservations. stimated Revenue for the yearanoiunts to£1,351,889 and estimated 1 xpenditure to £2,206,328. A Grant-in-Aid of£854,439 has been approved to make good the deficit for the yearand if thisexpenditure is achieved the total Grant-in-Aid paid to the Protectorate during theperiod 1956-61 will amount to £2,685,000.
9. The -stimates for 1960/61 represent in effect aconsolidation of the development period 1956/60, and most recurrent expenditureon Colonial Development and IJelfare schemes during that periodhas now beenbrought into and forms part of the territorial budget. In preparing the .Jstimatesopportunity was taken to assess past achievements and adjust staffandexpenditure in accordance with the way in which the Protectorate has developed,and to restore cuts made in former years in the interests of economy. Iam happyto say that the Secretary of State has recognised the need for theconsolidation,and for the restoration of most of the former cuts.10. The gap between revenue and expenditure is increasing, and although itappears inevitable that it must do so for some time to come our aim shouldnaturally be to see that it is closed as soon as possible. In furtherance/.....
-5furtherance of this aim, it is intended, during the course of the current year, toreview the whole revenue position, in order to determine whether there are notways in whic . the Protectorate can make a greater contribution of its own to itsown progress. 11. Most Councillors would be aware that arrangements arenearing completion for the taking over of the assets of the LobatsiAbattoir whichis at present controlled by the Colonial Development Corporation (a Corporationfinanced from United Kingdom Government funds but operating asa commericalundertaking) by a Company whose shares will be held initially by the ColonialDevelopment Corporation,the Bechuanaland Protectorate Governiaent, andtrustees acting on behalf of the cattle producers of the Territory. Thisdevelopment will mean that for the first time tho producers will be directlyrepresented in the processing and marketing of the Territory's most importantproduct.This istherefore a most important step forward in the economic life of the Protectorateand I know that Councillors will join with me in wishing the new AbattoirCompany every possible success.12. The establishment of a maize mill in the Territory, to wkich I referred in mylast address to Council, has now reached the stage of building. It is expected thatthe new mill will be ready for operation at the end of July, and it is -nticipated thatit will make a valuable contribution to the economy of the Territory.13. Another visible sign of progress is the big dam on the Notwani Rivererectedfrom loan funds. It holds over/.....
-6over 400 million gallons of water and is already full. It safeguards Railway watersupplies and will shortly become also an important and reliable main source ofsupply for Gaberones.14. In January 1960 the Joint Advisory Council met with 11eads of Departmentsto consider proposals for expenditure of Colonial Development and Welfare and
loan Funds during 1960/64 and endorsed these plans. New ColonialDevelopmentand Welfare money allocated to the Protectorate for the period totals £900,000,and to this must be added anticipated savings of £70,000 from 1956/60allocationsand a further £46,000 from the High Commissioner's 1956/60 Reserve. The totalColonial Development and Welfare money available to the Protectorateduring1960/64 is therefore £1,016,000. The Development Plan as considered by JointAdvisory Council, and now being studied in London, provides for ColonialDevelopment and WJelfare nxpenditure during 1960/64 of £1,063,000, and to thismust now be added £111,000 in respect of items transferred from the 1960/61Estimates to Colonial Development and Welfare expenditure. This total is£158,000 more than the money to be provided, and urgent representations havebeen made to Secretary of State to make good the shortfall. In the meantime theProtectorate has been permitted to estimate for most of its expenditure during thefirst three years of this new development period, so the shortfall will occur in thelast year. It is hoped that by then additional funds will have been made available.15. Development Schemes within the Development Plan provide forAgricultural Demonstrator Training and Forestry development, and for furtherSoil conservation measures; for further Lducational expansion,mainly on asecond/......
-7second Teacher Training College, extensions to Hoeng College andby grants tonon-Government Educational institutiona; for further Medical Expansion; for thecontinuation of Geological Survey, Tsetse Fly Control, underground waterdevelopment, disease control and development of roads and bridges. There is alsoa scheme for the construction and repair of stock dams in tribal areas, and for theprovision of technical advice for surface water conservation.16. The loanprogramme for 1960/64 provides forstaff housing, for additional water supplies at Gaberones, Hahalapye, Lobatsi,Francistown and in Government camps; and for extensive extensions of thetelecommunications network and for power supplies at the Townships ofFrancistown and Lobatsi. Difficulties are at present being encountered inobtaining thlecessary loan funds, but it is hoped these can be surmounted.17. An "Iconomic Survey Mission has visited theProtectorate since the last meeting of Council was *eld. The Mission made anextensive tour of the Protectorate and held discussions with as manyrepresentatives of its inhabitants as possible and with senior GovernmentOfficials. The Mission's Aeport, which will contain recommendations as to themeasures necessary to be taken to ensure that we make the best possible use ofour natural resources, has yet to be published and when it is published copies willbe sent to Members of Council. 18. In November last year the StandingCommitteeof this Council met to consider proposals concerning the resources andcomraitments of Tribal Treasuries and Councillors will have seenthe minutes ofthis meeting and noted the recommendations that were made, which_ are
also/.....
also -outlined in the Progress Report sent to Councillors last month.In the mainthese proposals recommended measures necessary to improve thesalaries ofteachers. Subsequent to the Committee's meeting, a visit was paid to theTerritory by Mr. Rusbridger, an education adviser from the Colonial Office whowas able to make full use of the Committee's recomiendations in compiling areport upon the whole educational system in the Territory. It is expected that thisreport will be published in the near future and it is hoped that therecommendations to be made will go a long way to improving the standardofteaching in Tribal schools and the development of education as a whole.19. During the pAst summer most of the Territory had a very poor rainy seasonand in some areas very little rain fell with the result that no ploughingwas doneand there is little grazing for the cattle. As we all know a drought is no newphenomenon in the Protectorate and we must be prepared to face suchconditionsand guard against complacency in good seasons. Overstocking andlack ofproper grazing control and water conservation are all evils that accentuate droughtconditions and we must guard against these abuses. 20. Members of Council willall have heard of the distressing events in the Union of South Africa during thelast fow months. I am glad to be able to say that to date no reports have reachedme which indicate that any of our Protectorate citizens have suffored directly asthe result of these disturbances. Nevertheless we are neighbours of the Union.The situation there may have implications which might affect us,but all sectionsof our community have in the general interest /....
-9interest taken these tragic events witi commendable calm and, in so continuing,they will preserve our own quiet and constructive way of life of w'ich the PrimeJinister recently spoke. 21. Council will have heard with concern oftherecent suspected outbreak of foot and mouth disease at Nata at the very time whenour cattle exports were likely to come near the record total of last year and resultin two years of unparalled prosperity for the cattle raising industry and for thecountry. Howeer our disease prevention and restriction measures,particularly inthe way of fences and quarantine camps have been acknowledged bycertain otherVeterinary authorities as a model of control, and we are hoping thatexport willcontinue from most parts of the contry with only a short interruption,if any. TheColonial Development Corporation and the Abattoir Manager are in thesecircumstances to be congratulated on a record export figure of 51,000 beefcarcases from the begining of the year, far and away a record for the first fivemonths of a year, which has resulted in nearly two thirds of the year's anticipatedexports getting away and bringing money into the country. This fi-areof 51,000does not include a further 7,000 head exported alive.originating from Ngamiland.22. The latest information about the suspected outbreak of Foot and Hiouthdiscas is that on the 19th Kay it was suspected that five head of cattleout of a
herd of 449 which were being trekked from the Iortiern BamangwatoReserve toPrancistown were infected with the disease. This was discovered atNata. Thefive suspected animals were immediately destroyed and virus from their lesionswas sent by air to ngland for confirmation/ .....
-lOconfirmation that the infection is in fact Foot and Mouth disease. Thisinformation is expected at any moment. The remaining 444 cattle have beenplaced under strict quarantine at Odiakwe and are being inspected andmoutheddaily. So far no other cases of infection have occurred. A standstill order has beenimposed in the area between the Central Bamangwato and Makalamabedidiseasecontrol fences and intensive inspections of cattle in and around the area fromwhere the infected cattle emanated is taking place. So far no restrictions havebeen imposed on the export of cattle from the Territory other than those in thesuspected area. 23. It now gives me great pleasure to welcome as visitors to theProtectorate and to this Session of Council, Mr. Purcell, Secretary for SwaziAffairs and six officials and members of the Swaziland Council. They have comehere to examine the functions of our own African Advisory Counciland to watchit in operation. I hope, as I am sure do all members of Council, that their visit willprove both a useful and a happy one.(Council adjourned at 11 a.m. on M1onday 30th Lay) (Council resumed at 2.30p.i. on Monday 30th May)ACTING RESIDENT COXIISSIONER:Mr. Secretary will you now proceed to swear in the new member of Council 1r.Pheto Sekgoma.(Mr. Pheto Sekgoma took the Oath ofAllegiance).ACTING U.SIDENT COMMISSIOI a,.Mr. Secretary are there any papers to be laid onthe T ble.SECRETARY:The following papers are tabled, Your Honour:Minutes of the Standing Committee MeetingProgess Report of the African Advisory Council.Annexure to Iis Honour's Address.Annual Report of the Bechuanaland Protectorate1958.ACTING IUSIDENT CO] IISSIONER:I shall now ask the Acting Government Secretary to read the Questions andAnswers.(The Acting Government Secretary then readQuestions and Answers.)
-11-
ACTING RESIDENT CONI4ISSIONER:Mr. Chairman, the Financial Secretary is very hard pressed and there is one itemon the agenda which affects him. Would it be convenient if wetook that item now? It is that Council consider proposals to implementthedecimalisation of currency in -he Bechuanaland Protectorate.KGOSI BATHOEN:Your Honour, before we start speaking I humbly request that the name of ThariPilane who died last year be included in the list the Government mentionedyesterday. During the past year he was a member of this Council and of othercommittees. He was a member of the royal family in Mochudi, and like othermembers of this Council he held responsible positions in his tribe.ACTING RESIDENC1CO4MISSIONER:Mr. Chairman and Councillors, I wish to expressmy very deep regret about this omission, an omission which was most unfortunateand entirely unintentional. Mr. Thari Pilane was another one well known to us alland he was always available to assist in the difficult times which the BakgatlaTribe have passed through from time to time. At this late stage I would like to paytribute to his memory and I would ask you to stand with me.(All stand)THE FIRST ASTSITANT SIICRh:TAIRY (FINANCE)Your Honour, Mlr. Chairman, Members of Council,one of the questions toi-.ih theAc tirg Governmnent Secretary gave an an;wer this morning concernedDecimalisation. There must have been a good deal of wondtring about what wewere going to do about the currency of the Protectorate in view of the fact that theUnion of South Africa has decided to decimalise. Before I go on to theconsideration of the Protectorate I would like to make one or two general remarks.Most countries in the world have got some form of decimalised currency althoughthey call the units of currency by different names and the adoption of a decimalcurrency has been a much debated matter amongst the Commonwealthcountriesfor many years. It is interesting to note that almost 120 years ago a Commissionin Great Britain reported in favour of the decimalisation of the pound. I do notthink I need go into any great detail as to what decimal currency is. Itis acurrency based on multiples of 10 instead of multiples of 12 and 20, such aspouds, shillings and pence. There can be no question that the arithmetic of thedecimal currency system and the ease of accounting proceduresresultingtherefrom, have inestimable advantages over those other non-decimal systems.There are really only two other things which prevent other countriesin the worldfrom going over to decimals. The first of these is the cost of conversion, becauseof the large number of accounting machines that there are to be converted and thesecond reason, of course, is a sentimental one. Most people prefer/ .....
-12-prefer to hang on to what they have got, Decimalisation in South Africa datesback to an old Parliamentary resolution of the first Cape Parliament in 1903 andthe matter has been brought up several times since then. South Africahas not
been the only country. In both 1917 and 1945 decimal currency which would becommon to the whole of the Commonwealth was proposed. However, no onewent much further until in 1956 the Union of South Africa decided to do it itself,and appointed a Special Commission. That Commission made its report in 1958and, having been carefully considered by the Parliament of the Union, it wasadopted as an Act in 1959.You are all aware how closely the High Commission Territories are connectedwith the economies of the Union; they are practically inseparable. You are alsowell aware that by the laws of the Territories Basutoland, Swaziland andourselves - the currency of the Union is also the currency of the Territories. Quitenaturally, therefore, the adoption by the Union of the decimal currency was goingto have very great and deep effects on the Protectorate. Nevertheless, it was notconsidered that we should automatically adopt the currency of the Union in thisrespect and accordingly, in late 1959, His Excellency the High Commissionerappointed a committee of V-i, th: oe Tarr.;tories to go into the matter. Averygreat da. of wcrk has been done in the Secretariat here aia the view of thisTerritory as well as those of officers of the other Territories weremostexhaustively discussed by the High Commissioner's committee. Thecommitteearrived at three separate, particular conclusions. The first was that the economicposition of the High Commission Territories in relation to the Union of SouthAfrica was such that the adoption of the decimal currency by the Territories wasinevitable. Secondly, careful investigation of the costfs of mintingouv' owncoinage made it quite clear that such costs would be far too great forus toundertake, and that there was no alternative but to continue to use the Union'scoinage. The question of a note issue was a separate matter. The question of anote issue has still not been finally settled but there is of course no time now forus, if we were to decide on a note issue of our own, to have one beforedecimalisation comes into effect,To summarise, the High Commissioner has decided, and has now recommendedto the Secretary of State, that the High Commission Territories adopt a currencysimilar to that of the Union.Because it seems inevitable that this would take place, considerable work hasbeen done in the Secretariat on what this would mean for the Protectorate. Theadvice of Heads of Departments, District Commissioners and other Officers hasbeen sought and on the 18th of this month a committee appointed by theResidentCommissioner, consisting of your Chairman, Kgosi Bathoen, Mr. RasebolaiKgamane, Mr. Russell England and Mr. James Haskins, met here to consider thework that had already been done. The Committee were very fortunate in havingthe advice and assistance of the managers of the two Banks here in Lobatsi. Thematerial which the committee was asked to consider consisted of a draft plan ofoperations designed to bring/....
-13-to bring about a change to decimal currency in the Protectorate with the minimumof trouble and disruption. The committee made some very valuable suggestions
and gave some very valuable advice. The plan is being revised and will shortly beput out to District Commissioners and Tribal Authorities for implementing overthe next six or seven months. I do not wish to trouble members of Council withtoo much detail at this stage. I must say, however, that the Committee, after veryfull discussion, decided that the date of decimalisation must be thesame as that inthe Union. I believe the date is the 14th of February, 1961. . MembersofCouncil,being informed now, must also know that a public announcement willbe madeearly in June, through District Commissioners and through the Tribal Authorities.The plan as considered by the Committee had one main object and thatwas toensure that during the next six to seven months propaganda and teaching aboutthe new currency would be so wide that by next February it was hoped that everyman, woman and child in the Protectorate would know all about it.There are two matterq however, I must emphatically emphasize now so thatmembers of Council should not feel any cause for alarm. The firstand mostvitally important fact is that there will be no change in money values.Whateverthe new coins and currency are called, which will probably be Rands and Cents,the buying power of such coinage will be exactly the same as that of the oldpounds, shillings and pence. Indeed, initially there will not be any change at allbefore the new notes and the new coinage are issued. One will simply have tolearn to call the old notes and coins that we have here by new names. It seemslikely that the present coins and notes used in the Protectorate will continue incirculation for a very long time. The second important fact arises out of this.Because the old currency is likely to remain in circulation for a long time, thereneed be no hurry about the change over. It is not as though on such-and-such aday the old money will go and only new money will be used.It should be made clear, in concluding, Sir, that the change over toa decimalcurrency will mean much work and present many problems. Should any membersof Council have views which they may feel will cause a decrease in the workinvolved or can suggest problems with posslle solutions thereto, suchcontributions will be very gladly welcomed.KGOSI I03BALfPILJ, TIONTSHIOA:Your lonour, I imagine that the three High Commission Territories areexpectedto adopt the decimal system.ACTING RESIDENT COMISSIONER:The answer to that is that all three High Commission Territories will change - thedecimal currency.KGOSI KEBALEPILE hONTSHIOA:With your permission, I object to the motion by/....
-14-by Mr. Allison. From what he said this morning, it does not appear tome as ifthere are sufficient reasons for decimalisation. I feel that the policy of ourGovernment and that of the Union Government should be different.Why not
change our currency to that of the Rhodesias? I appreciate the fact that we arevery much nearer tothe Union and I am sure that Government has considered this for a longtimet butI must voice my objection. It is a question of whether we can find the capital toerect our own mint. We become members of Council by taking an Oath ofAllegiance to the Queen and there would not be any Royal Coat of Armson suchcoins and we do not wish to do away with that.DR. S.M. MOLIA:Your Honour, just before Chief Kebalepile rose to speak, I was going to stand toask if Mr. Allison had made his proposal as a mot~ion, Can I have confirmationof that, please? Was it a votion? That we adopt the decimal system?THE FIRST A'ISTANT SECIETAM.Y (. ... INCE).No, Sir, the proposal u,3; that Council consider proposals to implement the deci-alisation of currency.DR. SM. IOIA1MA:If it had been, Sir, I was going to move that the motion be adopted as anunopposed motion. It is understood that the matter has been thoroughlyinvestigated by a committee of this Council of the Protectorate and also by theofficials in the Protectorate and by representatives of the other High CommissionTerritories. I also realise that we were, as people, not capable really of forming anidea of what is being done and that we were compelled by our economicstatus tofall in with the territories adjoining us. I share the Chief's misgivings as to thesuitability of being tied to the apron-strings of the Union, but I differ from himthat we are economically sufficient to initiate our own monetary system. Thedifficulties of our establishing our own coinage and mint have been very wellelucidated by Mr. Allison. I want to say that if Mr. Allison put this as a motion - itis too late to say an unopposed motion because it has been opposed already - Iwould propose that it be adopted as unanimously as we can adopt it. Thank you.ACTING RESIDENT COIZIISSIONER:May I intervene at this stage in the debate? I would like Council to know that verymuch anxious thought has been put into this matter of decimalisation.At theoutset I spent not many hours but many days working on this problem; then Mr.Allison returned from leave and together we worked on it. What we wanted todo was to have our own currency but we took the advice of the bankers, includingthe Bank of England, and it was shown to us that it would be very, verydifficult,and expensiv to have our own currency. Emotionally, we felt exactly as ChiefKebalepile feels. But against this emotion we had to weigh the practical position.I will not attempt at this stage to review all the pros and cons, but a veryimportant/ .....
-15important factor in the matter was the well-being of the people, not only ofBechuanaland but of Basutoland and Swaziland. As you know, thousands of ourpeople go to the Union every year and thousands of them return. If they returnedfrom the Union with Union currency, which they had then to convertto
Bechuanaland currency, commission would be charged. Similarly, when we wentto the Union with Bechuanaland currency, we would have to change itinto Unioncurrency and commission would be charged again. In fact, we wouldall get verytired of the arrangement. The High Commissioner and the Secretaryof State haveconsidered this very, very carefully and a decision has been made that we are todecimalise, and I would ask Council to consider the motion in that sense. Thedecision having been made by the Secretary of State it is for us now toconsiderproposals to implement this decision.1MR. G. MOSINYI:I am in favour of decimalisation. I agree that the motion as Mr. Allison has put itshould be accepted we should accept decimalisation.FIR. S. MATLHAB-PHIRI:I agree with Dr. Molema.MR. RN01tHIlI I. SEKGONA:I have one question to ask, Your Honour. The present coins have thehead of theQueen. Whose head will appear on the new coins?THE FIRST ASSISTANT SEBCRET.LRY (FINANCE):Your Honour, Mr. Chairman, Members of Council, I have a card here whichshows the proposed new coinage. Perhaps Members of Council wouldlike toconsider it afterwards. The old coinage remains as it is. The new 50-cent coin, or5s. coin, will have a Springbok on it and the one coin with a head on it has thehead of van Riebeeck on it.M10. NAIS[YAPHIRI L. SEKGOMA:The head of van Riebeeck is the head of the Union Government. I do not agreewith it.KGOSI KGARI SECHELE:We have taken an Oath of Allegiance to the Queen. I do not agree withthemotion. The matter should have been put to us first as a motion to seewhether weagreel We should have been given the right to express our approval, before anysteps were taken.MR. BOGATSU PILANE:I am of the opinion that we could make our own money, although it is difficult forus to say we refuse.KGOSI BATHOEN:It is late, Your Honour and I move that weadjourn until 9 a.m. tomorrow. As you are aware a Tea Party/....
-16Party has been arranged at 4 p.m.ACTING RBSIDENT COiI iISSIONER:Council is adjourned until 9 o'clock tomorrow morning.(Council adjourned at 3.45 p.m. on Monday30th May.)Council resumed at 9 a.m. on Tuesday31st May 1960.
KGOSI BATHOEN:Your Honour, with due respect I should like the visitors from Swaziland to beintroduced to this Councilso that they should be known individually, and I request them to stand thismorning so that we can know them by their names, although we know them bytheir faces.(The six officials and Councillors from Swaziland were introduced tomembers ofCouncil.)ACTING RBSIDENT COMIMISSIONER:Last evening whene adjourned we were in the middle of a debate ondecimalisation. Are there any other speakers who would like to speak to themotion?M1. G.D. MAROBELA:Your Honour, I agree with the ideas expressed yesterday. But I have a few thingsto add to what was said. Many things are needed in this country on account ofhaving no money in this country. I think when one comes to consider things thathave to be done in the Protectorate we think of the Tribal Territories separately. Iam thinking whether it would not be possible when considering matters like thisto think of the Protectorate as a whole. At one time when we talked aboutmedicines for cattle we were told that we could get help from Pretoria, in theUnion. The explanation was that we could not raise enough funds to put up suchbuildings for medicines, even if we had very good vets. I am wondering ifconsideration could be made whether when thinking about laboratories toconsider the Protectorate as a whole. Arrangements like this could be made byconsidering whether, if such important buildinrs are put up, they should perhapsbe put up first in Basutoland while something else is being consideredwhichshould be put up in Bechvanaland or Swaziland. Many times we have neededthings for our health, to help us, in the same way that we have no institutionswhere we can send our children. It is unpleasant to say that we do not like theUnion yet still we cannot survive without the Union, in view of the factthat weare dependent upon them. The Basutos and the Swazis are better off than we are.In the Protectorate we suffer from eyes and become blind. If we need an opticianwe must ask permission to enter the Union. It takes a long time to go to the Unionfor attention. If we suffer with our ears, they get bad while we areasking forpermission to enter the Union. Could our Government not arranre that suchspecialists should/ ......
-17should not be in our country so that we should not have to enter the Union foreverything we need. This is why I say that I differ from what other speakers havesaid. Our Government should pull us away from those people whom wedo notlike.KGOSI BATHOEN:Your Honour, quite a lot has been said for and against decimalisationandalthough I do not intend to sum up the discussion I feel we are somewhat in
agreement with the motion except that we feel we should have been consultedbefore the announcement was made. In the first place, all three Territories,Swaziland, Basutoland and Bechuanaland, are economically boundto the Union,more so that our workers that go to the Union will be paid in Union currency. Wehave got to think further to what will happen when the emigrant comes back fromthe Union to a territory not using decimalisation. Quite a lot of them areilliterate;they will encounter difficulties if they use two ciurencies at the sametime. Whenwill they understand one system differs from the other? They will have to carrytwo currencies. We have got banks in the Bechuanaland Protectorate. They alsowill have to work with two currencies. Then when one goes to the bank and asksfor Bechuanaland Protectorate currency and another for Union currency I feel thata great number of people will be inconvenienced. I know the gist ofthe discussionis that people wish to avoid the head of van Riebeeck appearing on the coins. Imust say this, Your Honour, that the Union did not invite the BechuanalandProtectorate to change over from sterling to decimalisation. We do so for our ownconvenience. One thing that might be considered is the cost of minting the coins. Ihave here in front of me a cutting from the "Star" of figures showing that the costof a bank note factory in the Union will be £500,000, and the cost of convertingthe present cash registers will be £9,000,000. If the three Territories were to pooltheir resources, can they afford that amount of money? I say "No". We aredependent on the British Government to carry out other developments. If theobjection is merely for the sake of avoiding van Riebeeck's head onour coins, Ithink it is not a wise policy at the moment. I do not think our Government isthinking of handing us over or that they are inviting the Union to come in.Onespeaker mentioned yesterday that some of us were members of thecommittee thatsat in this room to consider this change over and it would appear that those menmerely submitted to dictation either from our Government or from the Union. Isay, with all due respects, that that is not the case. I am one of thosewhose nameswere mentioned and I would say that I would not accept anything until Iamconvinced it is correct. In that respect, there was no alternativeexcept to fall inwith the decision made by the High Commissioner and the Secretary of State.The last point is that next year, in February, there will be this changeover. TheUnion Government has been aware of this for quite a long time and is quite readyfor that change over. We are not. That being the case, what are we to do afterFebruary, 1961? My answer to that question is we are definitely going to use thedecimalisation system, until such time as we have our own mint.That/.,,..
-18That being the position, we have just got to think how best to get this across to ourpeople. I think that was the motion put before us yesterday. After that we canthink out ways and means, if possible, of minting our own coins. I am sorry thatthe Queen's head will not appear on the coins but that does not makeus traitors,neither are we vering away from the allegiance we have sworn to Her Majesty.We will still be her subjects and owe allegiance to her. I think it just remains,
gentlemen, to consider how we can get this across to our people. The cost ofminting our own coins would be prohibitive.ACTING RESIDENT CONiISSIONER:I noticed before Chief Bathoen started to speak that several people wished tospeak. Do they still wish to do so?MIR. M. SEBONI:Your Honour, I will speak briefly, I do notknow whether I heard well yesterday but this morning it has been saidthatdecimalisation has been considered by the High Commissioner as well as by theSecretary of State. Was it not considered by our own committee? Ifit is so and Iheard correctly, I think that we should pass this matter. This matterconcerningmoney, as I heard it discussed yesterday, will not lead us into the Union. I thinkthe co-operation between the Bechuanaland Protectorate and the Union is wellknown and it appears that four Prime Ministers of the Union, at meetings withComdonwealth Prime Ministers in England, have requested that the HighCommission Territories should join the Union and they have each time receivedthe same reply. The reply that they are given is that the question of a transfer ofthe Territories will not be considered until the inhabitants thereofhave beenconsulted, both White and Black. This is the reply that has been given,before thePrime Ministers of all the Commonwealth Countries. So I personally do notentertain any fear that our Government might in some way hand us over to theUnion Government. I say, what has been decided by the High Commissioner andthe Secretary of State we should accept. I have been a member of this Council formany years - this is my fortieth year. I was here in November, 1920. All thosewho attended that meeting are no longer members of Council and I cansee onlytwo of them here. What has been achieved by this Council under the leadership ofour Resident Commissioners up to now, giving us advice as to how we shoulddevelop, lbas been on the right lines. Our Government has neverled us in wayswe did not like. Today our Resident Commissioner is one of the Governmentofficials who has been in Bechuanaland Government for over 30 years.I say we should accept what has been decided by our Uiigh Commissioner andSecretary of State and our committee and that we should use the Union currencyas before.MR. P. SEKGOMA:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman, I have not much tosay on the motion or on what my colleagues have expressed on our/....
-19-on our feelings, but I am basing what I am saying on the name "Secretary ofState" and the names "High Commissioner" and "Resident Commissioner". Thesethree, I believe, cannot betray the Queen. That is my opinion and even if ChiefBathoen had not spoken, I would have no fears.I put my absolute confidence inthese three names. Our Government overseas knows fully that we inhabitants ofthe three Protectorates have no wish to be transferred into the Union. Therefore it
is my conviction that these three men cannot make a mistake. I stood upat thisstage to say that I have no fear in my own mind about this matter.ACTING RESIDENT CODIISSIONER:I congratulate you, Mr. Sekgoma, on your maiden speech in this Council. I hopethat you will make many more useful contributions to the debates that will follow.Now, I would like to ask Mr. Allison to reply tothe debate.THE FIRST ASSISTANT SECRETARY (FINANCE)Your Honour, Mr. Chairman and Members of Council, I am in a difficult position,because the Chairman and Mr. Seboni have already said most of whatI intendedto say and I do not wish to anticipate Your Honour's winding up of the debate toomuch.There are, however, one or two things I would like to say. In the first place, fromstart to finish, tlbe has been no approach by the Government of the Union ofSouth Africa to this Government at all, to exert any pressure. The decisions madewere taken on the advice of the people from the Territories at the discretion of theHigh Commissioner. And, as Chief Bathoen has pointed out, the reasons bywhich the High Commissioner made this decision were entirely economic. Thedecision was taken in the best interests of the people of the three HighCommission Territories, for the saving of their pockets in the future and for thebetter economic administration of the Territories. The other thing YourHonourwill remember very clearly. When we originally discussed the effects on theTerritories of decimalisation one of the things that was very clear to us was thatyour attitudes would be exactly as we know them now. Now those views ofyours have been oficially noted.I am afraid we have not had very much said about the actual mechanics of takingover decimal currency. Two small points cropped up yesterday. One is the factthat we have in existence in the territory a large amount of Rhodesian currency.For the reassirrance of Hembers of Council I am informed by the banks that thatmoney will still continue to be changeable equally at par with the new currency.A member of Council made the suggestion that the public announcement aboutdecimalisation should take place in the "African Echo". The suggestion has beennoted and not only the public announcement of the decision to decimalise but alsoall subsequent explanations and other material in regard to the change over will bepublished in the newspaper.Sir, I do not wish to add much further except to say/,,,..
-20say that I feel sure that, as in the past, we can rely wholeheartedly on the supportof this Council, to assist us in making the change over easy and I would like tosay that, if during the next six or seven months any member of Council has anyideas that he thinks might help us in the change over, it would be very muchappreciated if he would go to the local District Commissioner in order thatweshould know and be able to do something about it.Thank you, Sir.
ACTING iRESIDENT CONU1ISSIONER:Well, gentlemen, we have had an exhaustive debate on this subject andit hasemerged quite clearly that all of us treasure this sentimental linkwith the Crown,which is exemplified by the head of Her Majesty on the coins which we use atpresent. But we must look further than sentimentalism; it is a matter ofconvenience that we should adopt, a currency with certain effigieson the coins. Iwould like to assure you that this has nothing whatsoever to do withincorporation - nothing whatsoever - and I would ask you to remember the recentassurance which was given by no less a person than Mr. Harold McMillan, theUnited Kingdom Prime Minister, during his visit to the Protectorate last January.I think, as a result of Mr. Allison's explanations, we are all clear in our minds howwe are going to handle this change over. It is going to be a big change but,as youhave heard, everything possible is being done to make it as simple as possible andeverything will be done to educate the people up to the change over, which is totake place, so that everybody will be ready for it. All the plans that Mr.Allisonhas in his head about giving explanations, and making visual aids available, will, Iam sure, have the result of making it quite a simple operation in the end.Mr. Chairman, what item would you suggest we takenext?KGOSI BATHOEN:Your Honour, I see the Commissioner of Police is here. I wonder whether Item 8can be taken?ACTING FXSIDENT COlIISSIONER:I think that would be very convenient.Gentlemen, before this motion is debated, the motion being "That Councilconsider a draft amendment to the African Immigration Proclamation (No. 14 of1958)", and with your permission, I would like to ask Mr. Douglas to make astatement on the recent amendments to the African Immigration Proclamation andEuropean Immigration Proclamation which had to be effected without anyconsultation with this Council.TH.E DEVELOPMENT SECRTARY:Mr. Chairman, Members of the Council, as HisHonour has said, two Proclamations were recently promulgated bythe HighCommissioner which need to be brought to the notice of Council. TheseareProclamations Nos. 23 and 25/....
-21and 25 of 1960 and they are in respect of the African Immigration Proclamationand the Irmigration Proclamation. In other words, they affect the immigrationlaws for both Africans and Europeans. It was necessary for the iigh Commissionerto make these two laws at very short notice and as a matter of great urgency. Forthese reasons it was not possible for this Government to refer themin draft to theAdvisory Council of the Territory. It is, of course, very exceptional not to seek theviews of Council on draft legislation but the circumstances were exceptional. HisHonour, in his speech, referred to recent events in the Union and Council will be
aware that as a result of those events a number of refugees enteredtheProtectorate; these refugees were both African and European. Some of theserefugees entered without the valid travel documents which are prescribed by ourlaw. Council will appreciate that this situation, whj aarose with little or nowarning, placed the High Commissioner in a difficult position and hewascompelled to deal with the situation at great speed. The Secretary of State and theIHigh Commissioner both had to consider the application of our immigration lawsin these cases and to regularise the position of those refugees who had entered theterritory without valid travel documents. The High Commissioner decided to takepowers to exempt certain persons from the normal requirements of theimmigration laws and both the new Proclamations accordingly providethat,notwithstanding the normal requirements of the law, the High Commissioner may,in his absolute discretion, if he is satisfied that the circumstances of any particulrcase so require, issue a special permit. The High Commissioner, however, mayattach conditions to such permits. The object of these conditions isnot stated inthe two Proclamations but in fact their practical object is to safeguard the peaceand good order of this Territory and its inhabitants. I think it will beclear toCouncil, Your Honour, that the intention is not to interfere with the normaloperation of the immigration laws but to take special steps if required inexceptional circumstances. The Proclamations to which I have referred werepromulgated on the 14th April.ACTING RESIDENT COMHISSIONER:Are there any questions anybody would like to ask?IM. M. SEKGOIiMA:Your Honour, the Proclamation dealing withrefugees has been explained. What I want to know is in case a man escapes fromthe Union and enters the Protectorate without such passes, will the Governmentcatch him and send him back quickly? Also, with regard to such fleeing, I believethere is a law, which applies to Europeans as well, that if a man flees to anotherkingdom he must get protection from that kingdom.ACTING RESIDENT COMIISSIONER:The reply to your question is that it is the policy of Her Majesty's Government toafford sanctuary to political refugees from other territories. Political refugees arenot to be confused with fugitive offenders people who have broken the laws, orcommitted offences, in other/.....
-22-in other territories. The political refugee is not to be confused withthe bicyclethief from Zeerust'KGOSI BATHOEN:Your Honour, what happens to a deportee from aneighbouring territory? If he feels he does not belong to that country and he feelshe would be better off in the Bechuanaland Protectorate than anywhere else, hasthat man got to be sent out of the country? Has he to be given asylum andreceive permission to become a citizen?
ACTING RESIDENT COMISSIONER:I am not quite clear about the question. By"deportee", do you mean a citizen of this country that is deportedfrom, say, aneighbouring territory to us?KGOSI BATHOEN:Yes, he has committed no crime but in thatneighbouring territory he has been deported. Can that man be accepted inBechuanaland?ACTING RESIDENT COM1ISSIONER:Mr. Tilbury, the position is that anybodybelonging to the Protectorate can always return to this country?THE LEGAL SECRETARY:That is so, Sir.ACTING RESIDENT COOISSIONER:If nobody else wants him - if he misbehaveshimself, according to their rights, in another country or commits a crime, he canalways be sent back to his home, which might be this country. We must accepthim. I think, Mr. Chairman, I would like Mr. Tilbury to explain the legalimplications.THE LEGAL SECRETARY:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman, M4embers of Council, it is a little difficult toanswer that question because when we talk about the "deportee" from a countrywe mean a man who does not belong to that country and who is sent outof thatcountry. With the exception of a few special cases, people do belong tosomecountry and in the case of a person belonging to Bechuanaland that person isentitled in law to return to Bechuaxaland at any time and he is not required to geta permit to reside in the territory because he belongs to the territory. Apersonbelongs to the territory if he was born in the territory, if he is the child of anAfrican born in theterritory, even if he himself was not born in the territory, providedthat he returnsto the territory while still under the age of 18 years. In the case of awoman, thewife of an African born in the territory belongs to the Territory eventhough thewoman was not born in the territory. All these people are deemed in our law tobelong to the territory. If they happen to be living/...
-23living in the Union, for example, and are deported from the Union they areentitled to live in the territory without obtaining any permit.When we spoke earlier of refugees we werethinking of people who belong to the Union, for example, but who have fled tothe territory. But a person who belongs to the Union will not be deportedby theUnion.I hope that answers the question.KGOSI BATHOEN:
Your Honour, I am thinking of someone who has come from Nyasalandand hasbeen living in the Union for a number of years. Now they deport him across ourborder and leave him there and he does not feel like going back to Nyasaland butthinks he would rather become a member of the territory. That man hascommitted no crime. It is only that he is an undesirable person in the Union. Thatis the sort of person I am referring to.ACTING RESIDENT C01ISSIONER:The first difficulty is, would he have a travel document of any kind?If he has atravel document then what he would do would be to select the Tribal Territory inwhich he wants to reside, obtain the permission of the Chief to live there, and thenhis position would be regularised under the African Immigration Proclamation.But if he did not have a travel document he would run into difficulties.KGOSI BATHOEN:The man I am referring to has just been deported has been given a free lift by thePolice to Ramathlabama and left there.ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:No one really has the right to deport somebody belonging to anothercountry toour country.THE LEGAL SECRETARY:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman, Members of Council, as His Honour hasoutlined, ifthis man wished to live in Bechuanaland (this man we are talking about -theNyasa deported to Bechuanaland from the Union) then the African Immigrationlaws wrould be applicable, but it is appropriate to mention that there is aninternational pact by which it is accepted that one country can not deport nationalsof another country on to the border of a third country, unless those people enteredthe first country from the third country. So in this particular case, if theUnionstarted deporting Nyasas, other than Nyasas who had just entered the Union fromBechuanaland, and left them on the border of Bechuanaland, the BechuanalandGovernment would protest to the Union Government, because it is normalinternational practice to deport undesirable aliens to the country from which theycome. You do not try to get rid of them by dumping them on your mostconvenient neighbour.ACTING/....
-24ACTING RESIDENT C0LU1ISSIONER:Mr. Tilbury, this has happened, evidently.What is the position of this man?THE LEGAL SE='ETARY:He might well, for example, have entered the Union from Bechuanaland, in thisindividual case, but I do not think it is likely to arise in very many cases.KGOSI BATHOEN:Mr. Tilbury, by trying to get a man out of the Union they would send him out ofthe Union under escort across the border. What happens in that casewhen a manis told to get out in a fixed time?
COIISSIONER OF POLICE:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman, Members of Council, cases such as Chief Bathoenhas mentioned have I think occurred. From a Police )oint of view it has beenfound that most of these Nyasaland Africans - and they are not in largenumbers -are in fact in possession of some document of identity. It need not necessarily be atravel document issued by the Union of South Africa. Some of them are inpossession of the "chitupa" which is used in the Federation. I feel,Your Honour,that if they are in possession of a document of that nature, then theysatisfy therequirements of the African Immigration Proclamation. The question whetherthey should be permitted to stay in the territory, I feel again, Sir, is a matter forthe African Authorities in the districts in which they wish to reside, inconsultation with the District Commissioners. As you know, Sir, there is noImmigrant Selection Board under the African ImmigrationProclamation. The acceptance of an immigrant in any particular district is at thediscretion of the African Authority and the District Commissioner.ACTING RESIDENT COIISSIONER:We are still left with the man who has no travel document and who is sent out ofthe country in which he is living.LEGAL SECRETARY:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman, Members of Council, this is perhaps themostdifficult case - the man who comes and has no documents - I think again it doesdepend on the African Authority and the District Commissioner. Provided theman is not a prohibited immigrant and is not an undesirable person itis possibleto make application to the Resident Commissioner in terms of section 18 of theAfrican Immigration Proclamation, asking that this person be declared not to be aprohibited immigrant, purely by virtue of having entered without a pass, and inproper cases no doubt that would be done. Once the Resident Commissioner hasdeclarehat he is not a prohibited immigrant, by virtue of his unlawful entrywithout a travel document, the person concerned can apply in the ordinary wayfor a permit for residence.Of course/....
-25-Of course, on the other hand, if the person is a criminal or otherwise undesirablethis procedure would not be followed and steps would be taken to sendhim backto his own country.ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:Does that satisfy you, Chief?KGOSI 1KEBALEPILE IIONTSHIOA:I would like to ask a question. If a political refugee from any foreign countrywhatsoever comes into the Bechuanaland Protectorate, how long canhe stay here?Let us assume that he wants to say here permanently, how long can he stay beforehe applies for citizenship?COMMISSIONER OF POLICE:
Your Honour, Fir. Chairman, Members of Council, as Mr. Douglashas explained,there have been recentamendments both to the African Immigration Proclamation and to the EuropeanImmigration Proclamation which vest certain powers in the High Comaissioner,who can issue permits to either Africans or Europeans who cannotcomply withthe present legislation regarding immigration but, if I understand Chief Kebalepilecorrectly, he wants to know how long either an African or a Europeancan remainin the territory before he has to report his presence to someone in authority. AnAfrican can remain in the territory on a temporary visit without reporting to theAfrican Authority for a period of 30 days. After that he should report to theAfrican Authority to make application either for temporary or for permanentresidence. As Members of Council undoubtedly know, there are prescribed formswhich should be completed; those application forms are submitted tothe AfricanAuthority through the District Commissioner. There is a similar procedure inrespect of European tourists who,within 30 days, or earlier if required, have toreport their presence to an Immigration Officer or to a Police Officer. He can becalled upon then to complete an application form. If he wishes to remain intheterritory over a period of three months then he must make formal applicationeither for temporary or permanent residence. If his entry is unlawful then ofcourse he is required to report straight away. As far as the European ImmigrationProclamation is concerned, a temporary residence permit is grantedup to twoyears and is renewable and a fee of 10/- is charged for such permit. The sameapplies for an African semi-residential permit except that there is no fee. Atemporary permit is granted up to 2 years but there is no provision for renewingan African temporary residential permit.Perhaps, Your Honour, I should leave it therebecause I think there is a motion before Council suggesting an amendment to theAfrican Immigration Proclamation, dealing with temporary permits.KGOSI KEBAEPILE MONTSHIOA:Can Government please tell me whether these political refugees applied for entryinto the country or if/....
-26or if they did not apply after how long did our Government know that they werein the country?ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:As far as we are aware, each refugee on arrival in this country reported himselfeither to a District Commissioner or to a Policeman. As far as we know,none ofthem has tried to come in by stealth.KGOSI KEBALEPI1E MONTSHIOA:My point is that if they did come by stealthhow long was it before they reported?ACTING RESIDENT CONMISSIONER:As far as we know they all reported immediately on arrival.KGOSI BATHOEN:
In answer to a question put by the last speaker, Sir, even before theAfricanImmigration Proclamation, we had a well Inown custom about visitors. Wheneverthey came, within a day or two they should be reported to the Chief. Anyone thatfails to report a stranger to his Headman is liable to be punished.ACTING RESIDENT COM-1ISSIONER;Thank you, Chief, for pointing that out. Actually, in the cases in point, therefugees, I think, with hardly an exception, all came to Lobatsi in thefirst place. Ifthey had gone to a tribal territory they would naturally have had to comply withthe law requiring them to report to the African Authority. That, I think, is a thingwe are all agreed on.Dr. Molema.DR. S. M. MOLEMA:Your Honour, I have two questions to ask. Thefirst is whether any high level approach has been made by the Union to the BritishGovernment about these refugees? The second is whether the ProtectorateGovernment will at any time bar the Protectorate as a route for escape? Orconversely facilitate the escape of these people? Are we taking any stand torestrict their leaving the Protectorat or are we just allowing them to enter but notto go through?I just want to say that the Government must appreciate our attitude in thesematters, that we sympathise with these refugees very much and wish to help thesepeople as much as possible within the limits of the law. We are not askingGovernment to make the Protectorate a resort and a refuge for the discontentedand dissatisfaction of all classes.ACTING RESIDENT COM.-ISSIONER:The answer to your first question as to whether any approach has been made bythe Union authorities for the/ ...
-27the return of these refugees, is that no approach has been made direct to thisGovernment. If any approach has been made it would, presumably, be made on adiplomatic level, that is, by the Ministry in the Union to the High Commissioner.We have read in the papers that such approaches have been made but as far as thisGovernment is concerned we are not aware of it.As regards the second question, I have already said that it is the policyof HerMajesty's Government to allow refigees from the Union to seek political asylumin the Protectorate and, if you remember, in my opening speech I congratulatedeverybody on the dignified way in which they had handled this problem. As far asI can see, provided these refugees do not abuse our hospitality,there will be noquestion of sending them back where they came from and as far as theescaperoute is concerned we are, as a Government, not concerned in thatat all. Ithappens that aircraft owners, in terms of the law, seek permissionto enter theProtectorate and land at certain aerodromes. In terms of the law they arerequired to state the type of aircraft, the time of arrival, what aerodrome they wantto use and certain technical details like that. But they are not required to say who
they will have in the plane or who they will take out in the plane, So that these so--called escapes have been effected with no reference to Government Governmenthas not been concerned in them at all.Just before I finish, talking about refugees in general, perhapsyou will rememberthe proverb which says "When an elephant crosses a river it becomesa small elephant".M11. M. SEKGOMA:Your Honour, we have experienced difficultyregarding teachers who come from the Union. When they go back to their homesthey are required to apply to return to their homes during their holidays. I wouldlike to know from Government if such procedure is known to them. Bythe timethey have applied the few weeks that they have for holidays aie gone. What is theposition then regarding these people, as we are so eager to have teachers from theUnion? Is this not a way of deterring them from entering the Protectorate? Evenwomen, for that matter, have to wait until they can get a travel document to theirhome or the consent of their Government. What steps are Government taking inorder to help these people to go back to their homes?ACTING RESIDENT COVEISSIONER:May I ask if these are Union Nationals? Have they got Reference Books?MR. M. SEKGONA:Yes, these are Union Nationals. Some of them have no Reference Books,especially the women.ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:And is the difficulty in going back to the Union or coming to the Protectorate?Mr. M. Sekgoma/....
-28MR. M. SEKGOMA:The difficulty is in going back to the Union during holidays.DISTRICT COMMISSIONER IOBATSI.Perhaps I can help. Your Honour. This is a very real problem. Thereare threeteachers in Lobatsi alone who came to see me. One cames from Langa,CapeTown. He has his Reference Book. One is from East London and the third one isfrom a non-controlled area. The Union law is that if they have left Langa, or oneof these controlled areas, for a certain period (I think it is a month or sixweeks)they have to get permission to reenter. It takes, at the shortest, six weeks - usuallytwo months - to obtain permission from the Authorities in the controlled area forthe person to return. Therefore, the teacher, when his holiday hascome round,usually applies two or three weeks beforehand and usually he hasnot had time toreceive an answer. That is a Union law and we cannot issue them with a pass togo to these areas although they can take a chance if they like. Even though theperson has his Reference Book he has got to get permission to re-enter acontrolled area.
ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER: It appears that the position needsexamining and this will be done. Gentlemen, I am told that tea is ready andsuggest we now adjourn.(Council adjourned at 11 a.m. on Tuesday 31st May.)(Council resumed at 11.30 a.m. on Tuesday 71st May.LEGAL SECRETARY:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman, Members of Council,Imove that Council consider draft amendments to the African ImmigrationProclamation.ACTING GOVERNENT SECRETARY:I second the motion, Your Honour.LEGAL SECRETARY:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman, Gentlemen, in the notes submitted to Members ofCouncil before this session details are given of amendments proposed to theAfrican Immigration Proclamation. These amendments concern the period forwhich temporary residence under the Proclamation can last. Since this note wasprepared, Government has decided that it would wish to make a furtheramendment to the Proclamation, an amendment to the definition of "traveldocument". With the leave of Council I would like to deal with the secondamendment, as well as the first.We have two amendments which have been put forward. The first concerns theperiod for which temporary residence lasts and the second concerns the definitionof "travel document". I shall deal with the first one now and then thesecond.Members/ .....
-29Members will be familiar with the provision in the Proclamation that the personcoming in who wishes to reside in the territory has to obtain a permit. Such aperson can obtain a permit for temporary residence or he can obtain a permit forpermanent residence. I think Members are familiar with the procedure wherebythese permits are issued. The matter is considered by both the African Authorityand the District Commissioner. It is the practice of the officers concerned with theissue of these permits to treat applications for temporary residencewith greaterfavour than applications for permanent residence. The reason for this is that apermit for temporary residence can be cancelled if the immigrant proves to beunsatisfactory and in any event it is for a particular period, after which the matteris considered again. The permit for permanent residence is, in effect irrevocableand once it is issued it entitles the person to whom it is issued to live in theterritory permanently, for everafter. Therefore in practice I thinkthe AfricanAuthorities and District Commissioners have rightly viewed permits fortemporary residence as a way of providing a period of probation. During the twoyears for which the permit is valid the immigrant is on probation and at the end ofthat period the African Authority and District Commissioner should be ina betterposition to see if the person is suitable as a permanent resident of the tribalterritory concerned. It is of great importance that this period of probation should
be followed in most cases. When a stranger comes to Bechuanaland hemightappear to be desirable and it might take time to find out that he is mostundesirable. The practice of issuing temporary permits until the African Authorityand District Commissioner are satisfied with the immigrant is, I would submit, agood one.The difficulty has arisen, however, that according to the AfricanImmigrationProclamation temporary residence means residence for any periodnot exceeding2 years, and this provision is reflected in the section which deals with temporarypermits in that entry permits will be issued for, or renewed up to,a period of 2years but after that cannot be given. All this means that if, after 2years, the Chiefand District Commissioner are still not certain that the person is a desirableinhabitant of the territory, nevertheless they have no option but either to chase theman from the territory, which they do not wish to do, or to give him a permanentpermit for residence. It has been found in practice that in many cases a decisionafter only2 years on whether to grant an immigrant a permanent permit or to exclude himfrom the territory altogether, is a difficult one. It is consideredby Governmentthat permits for temporary residence should be capable of bein . issued andrenewed for any period where the Chief and District Commissioner are notsatisfied that the person is suitable for permanent residence. If at the end of 2years they are not satisfied that he is suitable for permanent residence they shouldnot be forced by the law to give a permit for permanent residence or to go to theextreme length of excluding the man from the territory, but shouldbe able torenew a permit for temporary residence.It is therefore proposed by Government that the Proclamation be amended so thatno period is specified for temporary residence but that the issue ofpermits for/.....
-30-for temporary residence, the length of such permits and the number of times theymay be renewed should be a matter for the discretion of the people whose task itis to issue these permits.Part of this first amendment - a small point but nevertheless an important one - isthat at present there is no provision whereby an applicant for a permit forpermanent residence may be issued with a permit for temporary residence, if theauthorities are prepared to give him the latter permit but not the former. This canbe very inconvenient because a person might apply for a permit for permanentresidence, it might take quite a time to consider the application, and although theauthorities might be prepared to grant a permit for temporary residence, strictly inaccordance with the law, they should merely refuse the application. Then theapplicant will have to start all over again and apply for a permit fortemporaryresidence; the whole procedure will have to be gone through a second time beforea permit for temporary residence can be issued. This is just a small point ofprocedure but it is proposed by Government that the procedure should be alteredso that the question of considering an application for permanent residence ortemporary residence as an alternative can be considered in one go.
We come now to the second amendment to which I referred earlier, andmembershave received no papers about this. However, it is quite a simple one so I hopeMembers will be able to follow me if I read a part of the Proclamation.I think we will all remember that the law provides that an African whodoes notbelong to the territory must be in possession of a travel document ifhe wishes toenter the territory. I think it is common experience that in most cases Africanswho wish to enter the territory do have these travel documents. Thedefinition inthe law of a travel document I will read :"Travel document means a passport orany other official document issued to any person by or on behalf of theGovernment of the country in which that person is domiciled or from which heenters the territory which, by itself, or by any official endorsementor entrythereonpurports to entitle the bearer to travel to theterritory".Now, this definition covers most of the travelling documents which Africans insouthern Africa are given, but it is not intended to be very strict atall. It is merelyintended to provide that an African who does not belong to the territory wishingto enter the territory must have some proper document of identification. Whenthis Proclamation was promulgated I think this definition covered all the kinds oftravel documents which were then in use but various difficulties havearisen, forexample, part of the railway line through the territory is operated by RhodesiaRailways. If there is any accident it is most desirable that the break-down crewsshould come as quickly as possible. The break-down crews have Africanmembers and in many cases these Africans will not be persons who belong to theterritory. It is understood that/....
-31-that these African members are not given a travel document within themeaning ofthis definition but have certificates of identity issued by Rhodesia Railways. Yet itis desirable that such Africans should enter the territory for shortperiods withoutundue delay. Another case, leaving aside any question of refugees which we havediscussed, is people from the Union of South Africa who might wish toenter theterritory. Some Africans in the Union are given Reference Books and at one timethese were endorsed if people wished to travel to Bechuanaland and aReferenceBook endorsed came within the definition of "travel document". It is understoodthat there has been a change of practice in the Union and Reference Books are notalways endorsed. In any event, a Reference Book, even without anendorsement,is perfectly adequate as a means of identifying the person. These arebut twoexamples and we have to expect some further changes of practice in the futureregarding the issue of documents in neighbouring territories and itis suggested byGovernment that the best way of dealing with this problem is to amend thedefinition of "travel document" by putting the definition into two parts. The firstpart will be the present definition, which covers most of the documents in usetoday, and the second part will read something like this:"or any other documentwhich the Resident Commissioner by notice in the Gazette may
define as a travel document for the purposesof this Proclamation".In other words, it is suggested by Government that the Resident Commissionershould have the power to change the definition, and to add to the definition of"travel document" as the occasion might arise.These are all the amendments proposed by Government. Just to recapitulate, theyare as follows(1) First of all relating to the period fortemporary residence Government proposes to doaway with the strict rule that temporaryresidence can only last for two years and proposes to put the matterin the handsof the Chiefand District Commissioner in each case; and also proposes that the procedureshould be changed so that an application for permanent residencewithtemporary residence as an alternative can beconsidered in one act by the authorities.(2) Secondly that there should be an amendment to thedefinition of "travel document".ACTING RESIDENT C01I[SSIONER:Gentlemen, you have heazda thorough examination and explanation of theproblem by Mr. Tilbury. Is there anybody who would like to speak on themotion?DR. S.M. MOLEMA:your Honour, I would like to ask a question. Who endorses the docuiment?Supposing I want to go into the Union, being a resident of the BechuanalandProtectorate, who endorses my document?Legal/....
-32LEGAL OCRETARY:This law does not relate to cases such as you mention. This is a law concerningimmigration into Bechuanaland and we have in our Immigration Proclamationdefined what documents immigrants to Bechuanaland would have to carry. Itdoes not concern Batswana travelling to the Union.ACTING RESIDENT COIISSIONER:I think what Dr. Molema wants to know is what document he requires,if he is aresident of the Protectorate, in order to travel to the Union; whetheryour are anAfrican or a European.LEGAL SECRETtqY:It is a matter for the Union law to decide what documents are necessary for aperson travelling to the Union in the same way that it is a matter for theBechuanaland law to define what documents are necessary for persons travellingto Bechuanaland and it is the latter subject we are considering today.ACTING RESIDENT COM1ISSIONER:
We understand that, Mr. Tilbury, but I think Dr. Molema, on a point ofinformation, wants to know what the requirements are at the moment for travelfrom Bechuanaland to the Union.DISTRICT COITISSIONER LOBATSI.If an African is going to a controlled area - and there is a list of these areas in eachDistrict Commissioner's office - there is no authority for any personinside theterritory to issue a travel document to an Aifrican to go to a controlled area. Hehas to get the permission of the controller of the area to which he has to travel.Any permit issued by any person other than the officer controlling thearea intowhich he wishes to travel is invalid and the person travelling on such a documentis likely to be arrested by the Union Police. To travel to an uncontrolled area wejust get permission to issue an ordinary pass but we cannot issue a pass to enter acontrolled area.ACTING RESIDENT COM1ISSIO1ER:As far as Europeans are concerned, Dr. Molema, they can be required to carryeither a passport or a travel document, which is a simple piece of paperidentifying them, with a photograph on it, saying that they are proceeding to theUnion of South Africa.DR. S.I. MOLEMA:One more question, Sir. If I belong to Kimberley dramatic group andwish toperform in Lobatsi, can I be stopped by the Protectorate authorities at the border?CO ISSIONER OF POLICE:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman, I do not know whetherone/.....
-33-one can give a definite answer to the question Dr. Molema has raised. Ido notknow whether it is a hypothetical question or not.D-. S.M. MOLEMA:It is practical, Sir, because a group came from Mafeking to Kanyeandexperienced difficulty at the boarder and I was not able to determine whether itwas the Protectorate authorities or the Union authorities who made thedifficulty.I would like to find out.COMMISSIONER OF POLICE:Your Honour, I have no knowledge of the actual case Dr. Molema quotes but Ithink it was probably covered by Mr. Tilbury's explanation and as also mentionedearlier by Mr. Douglas, in that any African who wishes to come into the territory,as the law stands at present, must be in possession of a valid travel document. It ispossible, therefore, that members of this dramatic group may perhaps have beenstopped at the boarder because they were not in possession of travel documents.But, as Mr. Tilbury has explained, it is now suggested the law be amendedthatany document of identity which satisfies His Honour the Resident Commissionerwill be accepted. I feel that if a dramatic group were coming in to give aperformance in the territory, providing the District Commissioner, the AfricanAuthority or the Police Officer on border duty had prior knowledgeof that, there
would certainly be no difficulty in allowing them in, purely as temporary visitorswhilst givinr that performance.ACTING RESIDENT COIISSIONER:Just one comment, Dr. Molema, I think what we aim to do is to enable peopletoproceed on their lawful occasions in and out of the territory with aslittleinterference as possible andI think Councillors will agree with me thatthat is thecase, more particularly in respect of the tribes, half of whom live in the Union andhalf in the Protectorate. They come and go with no difficulty. But there is a lawwhich can be invoked when we are dealing with a wrongdoer - a person whowould not be a desirable immigrant into the territory.Might I just remind Council that the motion is the proposed amendment to theimmigration law to provide for an ext nsion of temporary permits overand above2 years and for a temporary permit to be issued when an application is made forpermanent residence and for the amendment to the definition of a traveldocument.MR. S. MATLHABAlHIRI:Mr. Chairman, Your Honour and Members of Council, I have one or twoquestions. First, if a person is allowed a permit for temporary residence and he iseventually allowed by the District Commissioner and African Authority tolivehere permanently, and he then proved to be undesirable, can he then be turned outof the country? Is such a person allowed to live here permanently, it having beennoticed that he has an ulterior motive, or would he be turned out of the country?Acting/ .....
-34ACTING PSIDENT COM-!ISSIONE:I will answer it like this. He comes in ard has a temporary permit and ifduring thecurrency of that temporary permit of residence, he proves to be undesirable he canbe sent out of the territory, and during the currency of that temporary permit it isopen to him to make application for a certificate of permanent residence. Once hehas received a certificate of permanent residence it is not possibleto remove himfrom the territory even though you discover that, at a late stage, there are all sortsof nasty things about him. The object of this proposed revision forextending theperiod of temporary residence beyond 2 years is to enable the Chief to have plentyof time to weigh up the character of the person involved so that before agreeingthat he should be given a certificate of permanent residence he is absolutelycertain that he is a good and proper person to have as an immigrant.R. S. MATIiIABAPHIRI:There is a second question, Your Honour. DoEuropeans going into African areas to reside or trade there not have to getpermission from the Chief?ACTING RESIDENT COIIISSIONER:There is a Board as far as Europeans are concerned, called theImmigrantsSelection Board, and applications by Europeans are considered by thisBoard. I know some unsatisfactorj people have been let in but I can assure you
that they go through a very close scrutiny - what their past recordhas been, whatthey want to come to the Protectorate for, whether in fact we need people such asthat, and very many applications are refused. But it is quite obviousthatsomebody who went to a tribal territory and did not have the Chief's permission toengage in trade or some other occupation certainly would not be givena permit.MR. S. IATIIABAPHIRI:I thank you, Your Honour, for your answers - they are clear to me.From what I can see, Your Honour, this is adifficult matter. The difficulty lies here. People who come from the Union aresome of them people who were born in the tribal territories, and some of them arepeople who were born in the locations and these are people of differentways andbehaviours. A man born in the location will come here who does not know ourtribal customs and laws. When he enters he will ask for temporary residence. Inthe end he will ask to settle here permanently when he has decided what heintends to do. When he has been granted a permit for permanent residence he willshow what he was, what made him leave his country, he was a preacher, a leaderof some sort of religion, then he will startthis work because he issure he is apermanent resident. If no provision is made for a person like that, then it will bevery difficult.ACTING RESIDENT CO1MISSIONER:If I may just reply to that. That is exactly what/.....
-35-what we are trying to do. To make it less difficult. The Chief will have plenty oftime in which to make up his mind as to whether an immigrant is desirable andnot be restricted to 2 years, ale is at the moment.MR. THSHEKO TSHEKO:Your Honour and Members of Council, in theexplanation concerning the amendment of the Proclamation given bythe LegalSecretary it was said that if the amendment can be made, the difficulty envisagedby the last speaker will be removed. The 2 years prescribed in the Proclamationwere not enough to see whether the person was a desirable immigrant. It may takeanother2 years - perhaps up to 10 years - for the Chief and the District Commissioner todecide whether that person can be allowed to remain permanently. Concerning theperson who shows his true colours after he has been given a permit for permanentresidence, I do not see howe can avoid that or how we can stop it because after 20years' residence a person can show certain behaviour which he did not have wherehe came from. I think the amendment might help. To me, all the amendments aresuitable.KGOSI BATHOEN:Your Honour, I would like to draw the attention of Government and Council tothe proposed amendment to section 4 sub-section (v). In the present law theDistrict Commissioner is given the discretion to refuse or accept therecommendation of the African Authority for a resident. I object tothe words "in
his discretion". I feel the Chief has a better knowledge of whether a person of thatnature can reside amongst his people, and therefore he should have thae power ofdiscretion, not the District Commissioner. I move the removal ofthe words "in hisdiscretion" . But I should like that consultation to continue betweenthe DistrictCommissioner and the Chief. If the District Commissioner is not happy then hecan say so. Otherwise I accept the amendments.ACTING 1ESIDENT CO1MISSIONER:Are there any other speakers to the motion?Thank you, Mr. Chairman, I am very grateful for what you have pointed out and Iaccept the amendment that you have proposed.I take it that the three proposed Government amendments, subject to theamendment by Chief Bathoen, are acceptable to Council?Thank you.KGOSI BATHOEN:I move, Your Honour, that we adjourn until 2.30.(Council adjourned at 12.45 p.m. on Tuesday 31st May.)Council resumed at 2.30 on Tuesday31st May.) * Acting/...
-36ACTING RESIDENT COEIISSIONER:Mr. Chairman I think we should now take motion No. 14 which appears at the endof the agenda, in order that Dr. Reichert, who will be responding to the motion,may speak. Dr. Reichert, as you know, is a very busy man, becauseofthissuspected Foot and Mouth disease, and he has to go to Johannesburg on urgentbusiness tomorrow.The motion is that consideration or provision be made for students, other thanGovernment Cattle Guards, to train at the Veterinary School at Ramathlabama. Itis moved by Chief Bathoen.KGOSI BATHOEN:Your Honour, the motion before this Council is that consideration orprovision bemade for students other than Government Cattle Guards to train at the VeterinarySchool at Ramathlabama. I move, Your Honour.NR. K.R. BOME:I second the motion Your Honour.KGOSI BATHOEN:Your Honour, arrangements have been made toestablish a Veterinary School at Ramathlabama and we are very thankful that sucha step should have been taken, because in Bechuanaland we did not formerly havesuch facilities. But we are unhappyt find that only Government employees areadmitted at that school. We do realise that the majority of them do not have thenecessary training in that respect and such a school will help them togo on withtheir work in the country but one wonders what will happen when mostof theCattle Guards have gone through that school. Will the school be closed down? Ido not think that is the intention. I therefore put it to Government that there are
some likely private students who would like to train in that sphere of work. In theBechuanaland Protectorate there are no openings for a lot of young boys afterStandard 6 if they have not passed Junior Certificate. Some of them would like totrain as Cattle Guards.I therefore move that facilities should be made for people other than CattleGuards to train at that school.The conditions of this country are well known to our Government. For themoment we are dependent upon our cattle. There are quite a numberof youngpeople now who would like to handle their livestock according to modernways.We feel therefore that Ramathlabama should be an institution for suchtraining.MR. M. LINCHWE:Your Honour, I believe that this Council will agree with what Chief Bathoen hassaid. I agree with what Chief Bathoen has said that as we cannot doanythingourselves, would Government help us by ensuring that there are people attendingthis school? Some of us are old people who know that in the past we did not seethe need to own good cattle. Government has provided Improvement Centres/.....
-37Centres and many of you have bought better bulls and have improved your cattle.With regard to what Chief Bathoen has said, I expect that Government shouldconsider this motion which Chief Bathoen has put before them. I feel that theAgricultural Department is carrying out work better than any other department.If such people as Chief Bathoen has spoken of could be given the training askedfor, I feel very strongly that our Government would be proud of such people in theend.MR. R. N. KAIABEN:Your Honour, Chiefs and my Colleagues, I stand up to add to what theproposerof this motion has said. I, who have seen this Veterinary School at Ramathlabama,feel that this is a proper request. Many complaints that are brought before thisCouncil would not be brought if our men could be trained as we request, becausethere are complaints in our villages concerning the Cattle Guards and the mannerin which they treat our livestock. According to my mind, those CattleGuards hadno training at Ramathlabama. If our children could be taught and trained as theCattle Guards are trained in practice the knowledge that they will receive will bevery useful. I saw them receiving training in connection with vaccinations andinoculations and some of them were given instruction by Stock Inspectors andVeterinary Officers to inoculate their own stock. The expense which theGovernment entailed in putting up the school would be utilised if our childrencould be trained.KGOSI MOKGOSI:Your Honour, Members of Council, buildings have been put up andat present wewould want children to be trained at that school. During difficulties which wehave experienced in our country such as Foot and Mouth disease,children whoare trained could be taken out to help the Veterinary Services Department in
looking after the cattle that are unaffected. On such occasions helpis alwayssought and in most cases Europeans are recruited who have no knowledge at all.It is on such matters that we should consider ahead, the things thatwill help ourGovernment in the future.ACTING DIRECTOR OF VETERINARY SERVICES:Your Honour, Members of Council, I will divide my answer into two parts. First Iwill explain how the school was built and for what purposes and secondly I willexplain its future use.As we all know, in the old days there were few Veterinary Officers and few StockInspectors and just a couple of Cattle Guards. Today, we have 20 qualifiedVeterinary Officers - there are three vacancies or there would be 23- about 38Livestock Officers and Stock Inspectors and we have about 188 Cattle Guards andVeterinary Assistants. From those figures you can see for yourselves thatGovernment fully realises the necessity for better care of the cattlein theProtectorate. As we all know, in the olden days any one that came andasked for aCattle Guard job, who could read and write and spoke a little of both languages,was employed as a Cattle Guard. But the times are changing and we requiregreater knowledge and/ ......
-38-and efficiency. So the Veterinary Department asked Government togive itpermission to build a school for Cattle Guards. The idea is, first of all,to givethem the elementary knowledge that a Cattle Guard should possess.Cattle Guardsare divided into groups. These groups include those Cattle Guards who arecapable of further training and those Cattle Guards who are not capable of goingany higher. The latter are only trained just to be able to fulfil theirduties for aslong as they have to serve. The first classes are 6 months only and intiLose 6months we train Cattle Guards in the elementary procedure of inoculation anddiagnosis and also to report diseases because if it is anything serio-s greaterexperience is needed to deal with it. The capacity of the school is 20 students, inthe bedrooms and in the classroom. The number of Cattle Guards and VeterinaryAssistants at the moment is, as I have already said, 188. About 100 have alreadyattended the school. The other 88 have yet to come. You can see for yourselves,for six months, that is 44 a year. So it will take two years before all the remainingCattle Guards will have been through the school.Now, the idea is that, for those who are considered capable, there will bea furtherone-year course and that will be a real veterinary training. They will be trainedfirst in how to manage their animals, how to distinguish the healthy animal fromthe sick animal, how to recognise, when an animal is sick, what first-aid can begiven, then, having a laboratory, the Cattle Guards will be taught how to makeslides and how to recognise the most primitive disease; such as anthrax, which isvery easily detected by anybody who know what he is looking for. Tothattraining will be added animal husbandry. Each student will have to befullyfamiliar with the breeds there are in Africa and those that are most suitable forbreeding in the Protectorate. Then they are also taught livestock improvement.
We realise that those few Livestock Improvement Officers are not enough for acountry like Bechuanaland, so we are going to train eery Stock Inspector andevery Cattle Guard to be, at the same time, a Livestock Improvement Officer. Itwill be much easier, and even cheaper, if one officer can do all those things as hetravels from cattle post to cattle post. So you will realise that the bestpeople haveto be chosen for that one-year course.Now, Kgosi Bathoen asked what was the future of the school after all the CattleGuards are trained. The answer is that they will never be trained enough. Youhave got to understand that a veterinary job is a very wide job. People spend5-6years at universities gaining just theoretical knowledge and they still have to learnthe practical side. So for the Cattle Guards there will always be training,and thiswill continue until they have learnt enough to serve the cattle owners properly.Coming to the suggestion that other people should be trained, I would say thatthat is a very good suggestion but for the time being there is no accommodationfor it and Government will have to think how to enlarge the school in the future.The living room would have to be altered and the classroom could probably beused one part inthe-morning and the other part in the afternoon. Fromtheveterinary point of view the more people who know about/.....
-39-about cattle management and first-aid the better for the country. But, as I say,there is the question of accommodation and it will take another 2 years tofinishour preliminary courses. To start with you can fit in two extra studentsbut Iwould advise you to choose good pupils for that annual training. I do not thinkthere will be any difficulty in fitting in two, but no more than two. But two isnothing for you. So I think you have got to prepare yourselves in your minds thatthose future couses for one year will be the most saitable, then we can probablytake ten a year. It will be something to start with.A speaker mentioned animal husbandry. I would say that we are concentr.ang onanimal husbandry very much and we are looking for a suitable candidate to teachthis subject. When I say suitable it means not only a man with the qualificationsbut with experience in Africa. Once we are able to get such a suitablecandidatefor the job, he will instruct all the veterinary personnel. I am surethat that postwill be filled very soon. I must mention, although most of you will have alreadyheard this, that we will be starting a scheme to subsidize the purchase of goodbulls, which willeelp to improve cattle.Your Honour, I think that covers all the questions that were put to Council.I have got a map showing disease control arrangements. It would nottake morethan 15 minutes to show Members of Council and it would probably give them abetter idea of what is being done by the Department in that connection.ACTING RESIDENT COTMISSIONER:Thank you very much, Dr. Reichert. We will consider that in a few minutes whenwe have finished the debate on this motion.Chief Bathoen, in making your final speech, whould you perhaps give us anindication of what you had in mind? Did you have in mind provision being made
for the training of students at the veterinary investigational school in the sameway as students are trained, say, at Moeng and the trades school. Would they paya fee for board and lodging and be treated as normal students?KGOSI BATHOEN:Your Honour, I am sorry I did not make clearwhat I have in my mind. My suggestion is that it should be a public school toaccept suitable students and not be served for Cattle Guards only.ACTING PBSIDENT COI1hIISSIOINR:Thank you.KGOSI BATIOEN:In connection with what the Doctor has just said, I would like to put one or twoquestions to him. The first/....
-40-first one is, can the Doctor give us an indication of the number of Cattle Guardswho have passed Standard VI or Junior Certificate who have gone through thistraining?ACTING DIRECTOR OP VETERINARjY SERVICES:Your Honour, unfortunately I cannot give you these figures out of my head butthe Course requires the minimum of Standard VI or higher.KGOSI BATHOEN:I am pleased to hear that the requirement is forStandard VI or higher but should a student Cattle Guard who has passed StandardVI go for training - would it be sane policy to refus a student who has passedStandard VI and is not a Cattle Guard? I say this because the majority of CattleGuards that I know do not have Standard VI and quite a number of young boysnow go as far as Junior Certificate in the Bechuanaland Protectorate, and theywould like to go for this training. Would it be sane policy to bar these boys fromgoing there because they are not Cattle Guaids and accept Cattle Guards who donot have Standard VI.ACTING DIRECTOR OF VETERINARY SERVICES:Im sorry but I did not understand the question.ACTING GOVERNEfNT SECRETARY:As I understand it, Your Honour, the question is, "Is it a good policyto reserveplaces almost entirely for Cattle Guards who have not passed Standard VI, whenyou have private students (I think Kgosi Bathoen meant to say with a higherqualification) available for study?" He was indicating in particular JuniorCertificate.ACTING DIRECTOR OF VETERINARY SERVICES:Your Honour, as I said, the minimum is Standard VI. If a Private Student with ahigher qualification comes, he gets priority. But we cannot hold upthe jobs for ayear or two just to wait for somebody to apply for them. If a job is vacant, we canwait a few iaonths, but if no higher application arrives, we acceptStandard VIqualifications.
There is another point. A man might have Junior Certificate but he may not likethe job - and if we put him in a Cattle Guard's position, he may think it is too lowfor him.Summarising, we have got to get the highest qualifications and persons suitablefor the job.KGOSI BATHOEN:Your Honour, I was not directing my remarks tothe type of men employed by the Department. I was asking Government to makeit possible for other people to come to these courses who are not employed byGovernment. I will not pursue the question any further.Dr. Reichert has said that in the next 2 years he will have 80 Cattle Guards whoare waiting to go through that course, and thereafter those who have been throughwill/ ......
-41-will repeat the course. I think he forgets though that there is also a wastage - bythe time the 40come back for a refresher course there will not be 40left. Thenumber will have been Teatly reduced. Some will have allen by the wayside andgot other employment, or will not be likely to go on with the post of aCattleGuard. It is that wastage that I would like filled by private studentWhen thosepeople go for their refresher course, some could attend school inthe morning andthen in the afternoon the same teacher could take the others, and thereby have 80students at the school. It does not mean any additional building or anextrateacher. It could be the same teacher and the accommodation at the school wouldbe sufficient, but divided into different categories.I still move, Your Honour, the consideration of this motion along the lines I havejust indicated. I am sure that parents would be prepared to pay a fee for suchstudents. We would not like that school to be confined to employees ofGovernment in the way of Cattle Guards only. With regard to a bull breedingcamp. I know some individuals have bought bulls from the Veterinaryfarm andwe fell that it is futile for individuals to spend money without having thenecessary understanding to look after their cattle.We appreciate the number of Cattle Guards appointed by Governmentbut we donot like to be spoon-fed every day nor to be entirely dependent onthem. Wewould like to be trained to look after ourselves, and thereby easethe financialburden on Government. This is a poor country, Your Honour, and Governmentcannot afford to increase Cattle Guards. When we ask for permission to improveour livestock the answer will be that the Government has no money toemployfurther Cattle Guards. The alternative would be that we would pay thesefees tohave our boys trained at the school at Ramatlhabama.ACTING I0ESIDENT COMISSIONrER:Mr. Chairman and Councillors, there is no doubt whatsoever that the cattleindustry is the main industry of the Bechuanaland Protectorate, and isthemainstay of our economy. It would indeed be foolish of us to concentrate only onbook learning for our young men. We have accepted the need and desirability for
a trades school and in the same way it is regarded as just as important, ifnot moreimportant, that our young men should be trained to deal with the means of theirlivelihood, that is, with cattle. I am thankful to you, Kgosi Bathoen, for suggestingthis and I cannot understand how we omitted it when we planned ourdevelopment. We will examine the matter more closely and see, even at this latestage, whether some provision cannot be made for an expansion of theschool inorder to accommodate additional pupils. Extra accommodation theremust be,perhaps not in the classroom but certainly for sleeping. As you know, it has beenplanned that, on Thursday afternoon, Councillors will visit this school and youwill have an opportunity then perhaps of suggesting ways and meansof providingthe extra facilities requirel.And now, Mr. Chairman, if Council thinks it is in order, I would very much likeDr. Reichert to illustrate briefly on that map the disease control measures we havein the Bechuanaland Protectorate.The Acting/....
-42T11E ACTING DIRECTOR OF VETERINAIRY SERVICES then outlineddisease control measures with reference to a map of the Protectorate.ACTING RESIDENT CO11HISSIONER:Mr. Chairman, if it is convenient, I would like to take motion No. 4 which appearsas Item No. 8, on the order paper, in order that Dr. Heichert can attend to thatbefore he leaves. The motion is in the name of Kgosi Bathoen.KGOSI BAT1OEN:Your Honour, "That the duties of a ResidentHealth or Sanitary Inspector be defined in relation to Sanitation and inspection ofbutcheries". I move.MR. R.N. KALABEN:I second, Your Honour.KGOSI BATHOEN:Your Honour, Chapter 40 of Volume III of the Public Health Regulationsprovides conditions under which meat may be inspected, and anybody failing tocarry out the conditions of that Chapter commits an offence. These regulations areapplicable to certain places and Kanye is one of those places. OurHealthInspector was appointed some yearqsack. One of his duties was to inspectcarcases killed by the butchers before they were sold to the public. But after sometime he was transferred elsewhere and there was no replacement. As aresult thebutchers kill and sell meat without it being inspected. After some months anotherInspector was appointed to Kanye and thereafter the public went back toconsuming meat which has been inspected.My point is this, Your Honour, that although the law is there to make itcompulsory that meat be inspected before it is sold, there are not thefacilities tocarry it out. The so-called Health Inspector said he could only inspect )eat atabout 9o'clock and the carases were there hanging ready for inspection. He wastold by the District Commissioner that he should try and inspect the meatearlier.
Now, Your Honour, I put this to Government, why is it that at certain times only,we have got to dance to the tune of this Health Inspector? If it is not possible forGovernment to give a continuity of Health Inspectors then why make it an offencefor anybody to consume or sell meat which has not been inspected? At presentthere is no Health Inspector in Kanye. Butchers sell maat which hasnot beeninspected. If a law cannot be carried out I do not think such a law should be leftto go on. It should not be just in a book. I think it should be withdrawn until weare in a position to carry it out. I have always found that the inhabitants of theBechuanaland Protectorate are law-abiding citizens but when a law like this isonly hit and miss it does not make us good citizens. For example, say, this monthwe have a Health Inspector to inspect our meat and he informs us that, say, nextmorning the butchers have .got to wait for their meat to be inspected, but only thefew who are present know, and/ .....
-43and I have heard it said that there is no excuse for ignorance of thelaw. Then thelaw that operated a month ago falls away and now someone tells you "that lawdoes not operate".Your Honour, if you would examine section 21 of Chapter 40 you will find thatsome of the conditions are obsolete - for instance the/'adius. In several villages theradii vary from one mile to three miles. Villages Mve expanded beyond that, andany butcher beyond that radius is not affected by this regulation.I move, therefore, Your Honour, that thisregulation should be only considered along the lines indicated or else it should berepealed, until such tinme as the powers that be are in a position to carry it out tothe letter.I'?. G. D. FARODE.LA:Your Honour, H1r. Chairman, I have something to add, briefly, to what ourChairman has said. We were dealing with a similar matter at one of ourmeetingsin the Bamangwato. This law is being applied in certain areas and not in others,and we feel that the maintenance of health in people should apply to all peopleand not only in certain areas. As Your Honour knows, in the BamangwatoReserve there are only three places where butcheries are inspected. These arePalapye, Nahalapye and Serowe. I think the law says that meat must beinspectedin areas with a big concentration of people. There are some big villages of ours,like Bobonong, which are bigger than Palapye and there cattle arekilled andnever inspected. The same law says that people other than butchersshould notslaughter cattle. In these other villages butchers are free to slaughter cattle withoutbeing inspected and ordinary people can slaugher their own cattle. That is why Iagree with Kgosi Bathoen, that a law should apply to all people and not only tosome. The protection of the people should be the same all over the country.R. RASEBOLAI KGAMAIE:Your Honour, what has been said by the Chairman and the last speaker is thetruth. As the last speaker said, we discussed this matter the other day in theBamangwato Reserve. We are aware that this law is applicable in certain places
and not in others. It is applicable to only three places irythe Bamangwato Reserve,as he has mentioned. The District Commissioner knows that in certain villagesthere are butcheries where this law is not observed. We do not knowwhy there isa difference. This law concerns the lives of people. This law is only applicablewhere the veterinary officials are stationed and we take it that theyonly ccnsidertheir own health. In big villages like Shoshong and 1ladinare wherethere are noveterinary officers stationed there is no inspection of meat carried out. The otherday, when we discussed this matter, we came to the same conclusion that this lawshould be suspended until such time as there are enough meat inspectors. It is nouse that certain people should be helped and considered and the health of otherpeople neglected. There are no inspections carried out where there is noveterinary officer. I would request, Your Honour, that this law besuspended until/......
-44until such time as we have got enough meat inspectors. If there is anything thatwill affect our lives in the line of meat, those people where there is no inspectorwould be dead. Our District Commissioners who go on tour from area to area -and the veterinary officers do not refuse meat because it has not been inspected. Itis just a law which has been made which does not stand for anything in our lives.Today, as far as the medical centres are concerned, doctors go onvisits to far-offvillages, treating people. It would not be difficult for these meat inspectors to goto the butcheries to carry out inspections. People who live in villages where thereare no inspectors are never brought to us sick or dead because theyhave beeneating meat that has not been inspected.I request that this law be repealed until such time as there are enough meatinspectors.ACTING RIfSIDENT COM11ISSIONER:Mr. Chairman, could we just hear Dr. Reichert briefly because hewill not be heretomorrow? He can tell us what the future plans for meat inspection are in theterritory.ACTING DIRECTOR OF VETERINATRY SERVICES:Your Honour, Members of Council, there are a few queries to be answered by the1iedical Department. We are just taking the meat inspection over from now and asfar as I can see there is no difficulty in training meat inspectors at the abattoir.As soon as they are trained they will be sent to the districts. I can only say frommy experience in other countries and Bechuanaland that meat inspection is a verygood thing for your own sake and there are certain diseases like anthrax which aredangerous. We had an outbreak at Ghanzi which was discovered very quickly andthe cattle were inoculated and the matter was soon under control. I agree that youhave been eating meat for years and years without inspection and nothing ingeneral happened. But you have got to remember one thing. In the bigger centresa butcher is only a human being and might sometimes sell you something that isno good to you. They is why we are thinking like this and are training personnelin the abattoir, to fill all the vacancies. It will not be long before we are able to
serve all the bigger centres. We are going to have one Veterinary Officer atHeadquarters, one of whose main jobs will be meat inspection. He will keep inconstant contact with the field staff and see thlat meat inspection is carried outproperly. He will attend to al the bigger villages in the district. All theabattoirswill be attended by the Veterinary Officers concerned in the districts.If there issomething in a carcase that the meat inspector feels is beyond hisability andtraining, he will call the Veterinary Officer. The country is a very large one andone cannot deal with the training of so many Health Inspectors in ashort period.But with patience, I think within two years we will have all the stations servedproperly. I mean we wrill go deeper into the country and see what wecan do tohelp the people in the bigger settlements. Everything possible will be done tosatisfy you.Acting/.....
-45ACTING RESIDENT COD-1MISSIONER:Mr. Chairman and Members of Council, beforeadjourning until tomorrow morning I understand that one of our Swazi visitorswould like to say something before the party leaves in the morning.MR. PURCELL:Your Yonour, Mr. Chairman, lembers of Council, unfortunately weare not goingto be able to stay the full course, as His Honour has told you, and we propose toleave on our return journey tomorrow morning. I much appreciate thisopportunity to express in Council our thanks for your permission for us to attendyour deliberations and our considerable appreciation for the hospitality withwhich we have been received here. In Swaziland, which, as you probably allknow, is a very small country, we have not yet got any form of JointAdvisoryCouncil. We have a formal European Advisory Council and a traditional SwaziNational Council. The Swazi National Council is at the present momentconsidering ways and means of modernising its machinery and our thoughs areturning, at least semi-officially, towards some form of Joint Advisory Council,and it was with the hope that we might get a little bit of knowledge in observingyou people at work that we asked if we might visit you. It has been extremelyinteresting to see your procedure and even more interesting to find that theproblems that we discussed endlessly at home are exactly the sameas you arediscussing here. According to the custom of our country one man is never judgedgood enough to speak on a motion; I will ask the Secretary to the Swazi Nation toendorse my thanks and appreciation of your hospitality, friendliness and kindness.14R DIKAMINI:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman and Members of Council, it remains forme toendorse Mr. Purcell's remarks, with which I agree entirely. le have been verymuch honoured by the permission to attend your Council meeting hereand I thinkwe have learnt a great deal in the process. It would not be complete if I did notexpress the appreciation and gratefulness of the Swazi Nation forthe mosthospitable way in which you have treated us during our short stay here and I am
sure we have a lot to learn from your deliberations. But I myself feel that it isnothing near what we should have like to have learned. African thatI am, I shouldlike to see more of the African administrations in the tribal headquarters. So,having started at the top, we hope to go from there to the bottom.It seems to me that the world is getting smaller and smaller in size and bigger andbigger in its problems. With your permission, lady and gentlemen, wewould liketo build more and more contacts especially between the sister territories. I hearthat Bechuanaland is very sparcely populated and I think that has done theCouncillors here a lot of good. They are free from the overcrowdingthat we havein our part of the world - less noise - and they have a great deal of time to reflectand ponder over these problems. So that in order to escape the fastness andrapidity with which things move in our part of the world I would have wished tostay longer in order/ .....
-46-order to reflect.Thanks, one and all, for everything.KGOSI BATIOEN:Your Honour, on your behalf, and also on behalf of the Councillors, before I givemy thanks for the message which has been given by the Swazi visitors Iappreciate the idea which has enabled the Swazis to come to this countryto learnhowie conduct our affairs. Before we attain another stage our brothers have cometo see the stage with which we are dealing, to study the way other tribesconducttheir own affairs Rfheir own country. Secondly, I appreciate the very/ ordswhich were expressed by the two speakers, especially the words "we threeterritories should combine". I=a sure that the speaker was voicing the feeling ofChief Sobhuza which he has tried to implement for some time. Because ofdifficulties he and I have not had the opportunity to implement such feelings and Iam glad that he has been able to revive it by sending these Gentlemen. Ihave notthe authority to say what I am saying but I would say that as the Swazis have paidus a visit we should simiarly pay them a visit. Not only the Swazis butwe shouldalso visit the Basutoa and see how they run their affairs. We are under oneprotecting Government, under one supreme Governor, and we should be like thethree legs of a pot. That pot cannot do without one of the three legs. I believe theHigh Commissioner is looking to us to be the three legs and he will be our pot.Lastly, I say I am also very thankful to the Swazis, as they thank us for ourhospitality. It is the first time we have received such visitors; perhaps we may nothave received them as we should like; we might have been unable to receive thembecause we do not have the means, but we hope they will forgive anymistakes wemay have made in receiving them, just as a friend would forgive a friend, for awrong he did or committed. We wish them a very safe return home and hope theywill not experience the difficulty hey experienced on their way into this Territory.I thank you all.ACTING RESIDENT CO1'FISSIONER:
Mr. Chairman, Members of Council, there is very little left, I think, for me to sayexcept to say how much we have appreciated the visit of our guests fromSwaziland and I only hope that they have found their visit as interesting andenjoyable as we have found it. I hope too that they will be able to visit us againfor a longer period next time, and see some of our tribal territories and also seeour Joint Advisory Council in action. For our part, some of us are not entirestrangers to Swaziland and in any case we are kept very much up to dateby ourKgosi Kgari who brings us accounts from Swaziland.I do hope, on behalf of this Council, you will convey our greetings to Ngwenyamaand say how we hope that you will return to visit us again in the near future.It only rests with me now to say to you, "HAT-BANI FIaLE". Councilwill nowadjourn.(Council/...
-47(Council adjourned at 5.30 p.m. Tuesday 31st May).(Council resumed at 9 a.m. on Wednesday 1st June).ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:Last night when we adjourned, we were discussing the question of meatinspection. Dr. Reichert gave his views about plans for the future, and said thatthe Veterinary Department are going to take over meat inspection, and he is goingto have people trained at the abattoir so that there will be no possibilityofdiseased meat or meat tainted in any way being sold to the public.Unlessthere is anybody else who wishes to speak on it, I would like to ask Dr. Squires tospeak.MR. BOGATSU PILANE:Your Honour, Members of Council, I want to put a question. In connection withthe inspection of meat, does the law affect the individual members of the tribes oronly the butchers? Are we not allowed to kill a beast and sell it in orderto buywhatever we wish to buy? If this law is made for us, the tribesmen, we feel it isnot suitable for us. We have obligations to meet like taxes, and cattlehelp us toget money to pay our debts. I have nothing against that law if it only affects thebutchers. I feel that if this law is to include non business people it will interferewith our work in the villages. That is what I wanted to point out - how it affects usin the tribe, Your Honour.DIRECTOR OF IvEDICAL SERVICES:Your Honour and Members of the Council, it is dlifficult not to sympathise withthe complaints made against the present system of meat inspection, especially ithregard to the position, put forward by Chief Bathoen, at Kanye. Withregard to themotion as originally put forward regarding the duties of Health Inspectors inconnection with meat inspection, I think that as the Veterinary Department aretaking over meat inspection, it falls away. The question, however,of irregularinspection still remains and I feel perhaps that some explanation isdue to Councilof how this meat inspection originated. As far as I can find out Dr. Mackenzie,
who was then the Director of Medical Services, was very anxious to start somekind of meat inspection as such inspection of butcheries is a recognised part ofPublic Health procedure. Arrangements were therefore made forSanitaryInspectors to be trained under European Health Inspectors at Lobatsi, and laterFrancistown, with the idea that a system for the inspection of butcheriesshould becarried out at the larger centres in Tribal Territories. In those days, the duties of aSanitary Inspector were not as heavy as they are today, and there were probablynot so many butchers. Now, however, especially in the last few years, dutiesconnected with control of disease claim a large part of a Sanitary Inspector's time.By this, I mean that he has far more to do in the way of helping with vaccinationsand innoculations and assisting the Health Inspectors/ .....
-48Inspectors to carry out surveys in such diseases as Malaria, Bilharzia andRelapsing Fever. In the old days, little was done about that but of recent years theWorld Health Organisation has been pressing us and every other country forinformation on these diseases. Another complication was the shortage of staff; wehave never had a full staff of Health Inspectors, and Health Assistants who coulddo the training. Due to this shortage of staff the Sanitary Inspectors (for example,the one at Kanye5 have had to be withdrawn, and we may have to withdraw moreof them.That is a brief sketch of the position as it exists today.It would seem, therefore, Your Honour, that there have been no facilities for meatinspection at Kanye for some time in the past and so far as this Department isconcerned, in the foreseeable future there will be none until the VeterinaryDepartment can appoint someone t6 do this work.MR. RASEBOLAI KGAINE:Your Honour, according to what Dr. Reichert said yesterday, they still trainpeople to inspect meat. Dr. Squires says that the inspector has been withdrawnfrom Kanye and still more will be withdrawn. When a start is made, it should bemade everywhere, because in some places people slaughter their cattle and meatis condemned and thrown away and others slaughter cattle, and the meatisconsumed and the people carry on with their work. It would appear that it ismerely a law, but it is not a protection of the health of the people. If it is aprotection, it is a protection, of some people only, whereas others are notprotected.My request, and the request of my people also, is that this law shouldbesuspended until such time as we have enough trained meat inspectors. The Policeshould not arrest anybody when his animal is not inspected becausethe law is notuniversally applied.KGOSI KGARI:Your Ionour, at the last meeting we mentioned that we would discuss this matterat this meeting. I say, as Chief Bathoen and my colleagues have said, that this lawshould be suspended until a suitable time arrives for it to be applied. Istand onlyto have it recorded that I am in favour of this motion.
KGOSI MOKGOSI:Your Honour and members of Council, still in connection with this law, there isone clause which is rather difficult. An African, who regards ananimal as hisown which he can dispose of as he wishes, does not know the existenceof anylaw that may affect the selling of the meat of his own cattle. By this law, amanwho sells an animal to make money is breaking the law. An African doesnotunderstand whyhe cannot sellUhis animal for money. Could some provision bemade to alleviate the difficulty of an African in this regard, to make it possible forhim to dispose of his animal in the best way possible/....
-49possible, because he merely sells, he does not put it on a scale andweigh it? Thisis a way in which we can get rid of our old cows - bykilling them an eating theminstead of letting them die.We ask Government to give this consideration onour behalf.MRS. E.P. MOREMI:Your Honour, I do not understand what Councillors mean when they say this lawshould be suspended. Butchers should sell good meat so that the buyer knows thathe is getting something good for his money. When I hand over my money I like toknow that I am buying something that will please me and my children.Nevertheless I know that in our villages there are certain people whosell meatwithout any licences. To our people it is natural to go and buy from them, evenwhen they know it is diseased meat. It is difficult for me to understand how aperson can buy this meat with money he has worked hard to earn.MR. RASEBOLAI KGAMANE:I want to explain a little, Your Honour, as it is plain that our Mother does notunderstand our way of thinking. If Your Honour will allow me, I willgive twoexamples. One is Mr. Mpotokwane - he has a licence to slaughter. His meat is notinspected. There is also Mr. Marobela - his meat is inspected and sometimescondemned and thrown away. It is on that account that this law should besuspended, until such time as there are enough meat inspectors to inspect allbutcheries. We are not against this law but we say it should be suspended. Manypeople want to move to Madinare where there is no meat inspection,others wantto go to Mochudi because meat is not inspected there. In Ramoutsa there arebutcheries but there is no meat inspection, although it is near people who shoulddo the inspection.ACTING PESIDBNT COMI1IISSIONER:Kgosi Bathoen, would you like to mind up?KGOSI BATHOEN:Your Honour and Councillors, there appears tobe some misunderstanding as to the intentions of the law,on the part of the Police and the public. When I put this motion to CouncilI basedmy arguments on section 21 of Chapter 4 of the Public Health Regmlations. Thisgives a radius within which meat should be inspected and it appears from the
discussion that the Police have arrested or interfered with people outside thatradius. In Gaberones the radius is one mile from the Dist.rict Commissioner'soffice and I think that a butcher in Tlokweng would be outside that radius. Thusany Police who may have interfered with a butcher there were not acting withinthe law. Now, the butchers in Kanye are within a three-mile radius; in that respectthey are bound to follow the Regulations. Serowe has a two-mile radiusfrom thePost Office so that any butcher at a new village might be outside that radius. Thatis why I have asked Government to examine this law and consider extension/.....
-50-extension of the radii for the new butcheries. The Police should be informed ofthese Regulations and told how far they are applicable.Our main objection, Your Honour, is that in a village you may have a butcheryoutside the radius and if that butcher knows that he is outside the radius he isexempt from the law.Before I came here, Sir, I discussed this with the Medical Officer and the DistrictCommissioner and pointed out how irregular it is that Kanye which falls under theHealth Regulations should not be inspected. How can this law be made to apply toall the butcheries throughout the Protectorate? There are not sufficient men to goaround. I concluded therefore thatthe law was not designed to protect the publicfrom eating contaminated meat but was only a regulation which had been madeon the spur of the moment to meet certain circumstances which had arisen.At one time, when butchers were not inspected in Kanye, meat was very cheap, somuch so that the public from Lobatsi used to order their meat from Kanye.Butchers in Lobatsi complained to Government and then the arrangementwhereby meat was supplied from Kanye butcheres was discontinued and declaredillegal. A Health Inspector was placed at Kanye and the price of meat went up toprovide for condemned carcases. The price remained high even when there wasno inspection. Why should we pay these high prices? This is another complaintto which I draw attention of Government.I would like to make it abundantly clear toGovernment that we do not object at all to the inspection of meat. AsPlohumagadi Moremi has said, everyone likes to get full value for his or hermoney and to know that the family is protected. I agree with her entirely. Butwhat we really object to is that butchers in one place have their meatinspectedand condemned while others continue to sell their meat freely.We therefore request, Your Honour, that until such time as the VeterinaryDepartment or the Medical Department is in a position to provide sufficientInspectors to go around, the Police should be asked to go very carefully or ratherbe told to hold their horses until the Departments concerned can provide thenecessary staff.There should be one law for every butchery, whether in the main or thesmallervillages.ACTING RESIDENT COI'IISSIONEU:Thank you, Chief Bathoen.
We have had a most interesting debate on thismatter, Gentlemen and I would like to say at the outset that I do understand andappreciate your feelings. This is a very large territory, as we all know, and ' yi. hrevery difficult to introduce something simultaneBfi such a large territory. I think Iam correct in saying that all over the world, where there are big concentrations ofpeople, that is where health laws are most rigorously/....
-51-rigorously applied. It is among big concentrations of people thatepidemics andillnesses are likely to start and from there to spread. Where people are isolated itis unlikely that diseases would break out and spread to any extent. That is whyyou will find in most places in Africa it is in the towns that these HealthRegulations are applied strictly. In the little places, the little scatteredhamlets,nobody seems to worry very much as if disease did break out there it could becontrolled very easily.The object of trying to control food products and so on where there areconcentrations of people is not to irritate peoplenot to put one man at a lessadvantage than the other, but to protect them. We all like meat. It is not amonopoly of the Bechuana. But we have learnt to want to eat meat which is notcontaminated. To me, and I think to many people, the idea of eating meat which isdiseased with measles is repugnant, quite apart from the danger to health, andsurely if one eats meat which is diseased with tuberculosis the danger to you andto your children is very great. We spend a lot of money on hospitals,medicinesand doctors but they do not have much chance of keeping a healthy society if thepeople are prepared to eat diseased food. Take the case of water. If you have adecent, clean water supply and a sewer which has water in it which is diseased,which water would you drink?The Public Health Regulations - are admittedly archaic and the MedicalDepartment has for some time had them under review with a view to introducingmore modern regulations. I would like to point out, that it is not an offence, as faras I understand it, to sell meat which has not been inspected. Whatis an offence isto sell meat which is unfit for human consumption.We are faced with the problem of what to do about such things until such time aswe have sufficient trained staff to cover all the larger villages. In other words,with the staff available to us, do we protect some of the people some of the timeor do we neglect all the people all the time? It is a very heavy responsibility forthe Director of Medical Services and if Council is agreeable I would liketo leaveit at that so that we can consider very carefully, at a later date, alltherepresentations that have been made and what resources we have toenable us tocomply with the representations that have been made.ACTING RESIDENT COPOIISSIONER:Mr. Chairman, as Dr. Squires is here it would be convenient if we could disposeof the items with which he is connected. Which one would you suggest?Right, Motion No. 1 "That cells for the accommodation of insane persons shouldbe built throughout the territory." It is moved by Mr. Kgamane.
MR. RASEBOLAI KGAMANE:Your Honour, Members of Council, I have put this motion forward for discussionin this Council.MR. M. SEKGOMA:I second the motion Your Honour.Mr. R.Kgamane/...
-52MR. R. KGMANE:.This is a thing hich ishappening.in this country in all the villages in the Protectorate. If aman is sick heis sent to hospital. There are no proper places where people suffering from thisinfirmity can be kept. It has been worrying me - and also my fellow Members - asto how these people can be protected. When a person of this sort is brought to uswe take such a person to the District Commissioner and we explain that he mightharm other people and also himself. As this is asickness the District Commissioner takes such a person to the doctor. The doctorwill do what he can. There is nowhere to put such a person because if he is sent tohospital he will make too much noise for the other patients. Then the DistrictComwissioner finds himself in another difficulty because if he puts this person injail he will make too much noise for the prisoners, who do not suffer from thatsickness. The eventual end is that he is sent back to be looked after by his people.It may be that his people are old and not strong enough to keep him down and hemay run away from them, set houses on fire or do harm to people - or somebodywho has been hit by that person may in turn hit him also.When I say that this is happening in the whole Protectorate I am not inviting mycolleagues to agree with me. When I say that we take such people to the DistrictCommissioner and the doctor I am not belittling what they do. They do their best.Recently my cousin who had a mental breakdown attacked his uncle who tookhim to the doctor. He was sent back. He escaped from this person and itwas notknown where he went. When he went to the doctor he had a sore on his leg andthe doctor instructed the nurses to bandage his sore. Another struggle arosebetween him and the nurses and the uncle who brought him.I have certain ideas to express to Your Honour in this Council. When I havespoken to District Commissioners as to whether there are not any places wherethese people could be kept in the meantime, they say the Government has nomoney. We can help by giving ideas to Government. I say that Governmentcould in three months' use prisoners to do nothing but make bricks in all thedistricts and among such prisoners it could be found out if any of them could putup a building; and then Government would not have spent anything.I would say that if some people are arrested in the Bangwaketse for killing RoyalGame, if their guns are confiscated the money is paid into Governmentfunds.When these lorries and rifles are confiscated such money should serve the reoplein that particular area to put up such cells. That could happen in the Bakwena, inthe Bamangwato, in the Batawana and Bakgatla districts. The remainderof that
money should be used at such places where there are no animals. When thesecells have been completed Government should be in a better position to negotiatewith Rhodesia.These people nearly break our hearts because they behave like children. Theymay hurt themselves or they may hurt other people. I am saying thisfor theconsideration of this Council. Mr. M. Sekgoma/....
-53-MR. M. SEICGOMA:Your Honour, these difficulties are experienced in all the villages.There arecertain places where such circumstances occur in great numbers. Inmy arearecently I sent about three people to the Diti;1 ct Commissioner at Francistown.When they get t- h:im the District Commissioner sends them to the MedicalOfficer and he says they are not mental cases. They are returned home. Whenthey get there they becn'rne very dangerous. The District Commissioner and theMedical Officer take no steps to protect the relatives. We know verywell whenwe send these people to the District Commissioner and the Medical Officer thatthey will be returned to us. One of them who set fire to buts, when he wsreturnedby the Medical Officer had to 'o chained there was no alternative. They tell mencw thef.t he is wild. I wrote a letter to the District Cohms:oner. Fortunately thedoctor visit the cells where all insane people are kept.We request Government to consider this matterand to take steps. We consider this to be the responsibility of the CentralGovernment.We thank the Director of Medical Services for expressing the hope of extendingthe mental home here. We request Government that money be spentin thl.sconnection. The Government should try to build a hospital for thesepeople.M1R. BOGATSU PILANE.Your Honour. The need for Government to put up cells for these insane people isimmediate, Such people are usually removed from the village aftor theyhavedone something really bad. It is necessary for Government to put up cells likethat in each village. I will tell you what happened in our village recently. Lastyear there was a woman in our village suffering from insane sickness. A reportwas made to the District Commissioner who told the doctor to go and see thewoman. When the doctor went to see the woman the sickness had abatedfor thetime being and the doctor said she should be left at home. She stayed at home andthen ran away and left her people. We was hustled off and tied up. The DiotrictCommissioner was told again and he told the dotor to visit her. When the doctcrarrived she looked better and the dot'tr again said she should be kept at home.She spent her life tied up in the house after that. Once she was untied and shepromised to do no harm, We went outside and it is not known vbere she got ma--hes but she made an attempt to burn the house where she had been tiedup. Thiswoman was tied up until she died.
If there had been a cell nearby put up by the Government she would have beenlooked aftac. We ask Government to look into this matter with both eyes sothatsuch cells should be put up.MR. G. MOSINTI:Your Honour and Members of Council, it wouldappear as if we are getting the same story from everyone. In 1955a boy in ourvillage became insane and he was taken/ .....
-54taken to the doctor at Mahalapye. The doctor said the boy was all right.When hegot home he did many things. After a few days he stabbed his brother'sson with aknife and killed him. We took him again to the doctor who said he was not mad.He eventually shot himself. If he had been declared insane the firsttime he wouldnot have killed that child. There are many instances, Your Honour,but this is theonly one I will give.ACTING RESIDENT COMIISSIONER:Thank you. I think it would be convenient now to adjourn for tea.(Council adjourned at 11 a.m. onWednesday 1st June.)(Council resumed at 11.30 a.m. onWednesday 1st June.)ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:Gentlemen, we are in full cry after theselunatics, and I am sure every one of us could recount a personal experience,including myself. I will never forget what happened to me once in Mochudi manyyears ago! But can we try and confine ourselves now to the matter under debate?That is, not so much about what the lunatics do - we all know about that - butwhat we should do to solve the problem.KGOSI BATHOEN:Your I ionour, what we really have to do is solve the problem of theaccommodation of these lunatics. I would like to find out from the doctor whetherhe can give us an indication of the degree of lunacy that is acceptableto medicalopinion.ACTING RESIDENT COPISSIONERI think what Kgosi Bathoen wants to knowiswhat evidence the medical people would require to certify that a manis insane.DIRECTOR OF MDICAL SERVICES:Your Honour, Members of Council, I will first answer Kgosi Bathoen's question.At least it cannot be answered. Throughout the ages it has always been verytroublesome, if not impossible, to find a boundary between sanity and insanity.That is as much as I can say in reply to that question, Your Honour.ACTING RESIDENT COUIRSSIONER:I think we understand that very well but if one brought an alleged lunatic to adoctor, the experience of we laymen is that these attacks of lunacy come on atintervals - they are not mad and violent all the time and it is quite possiblethat
when they reach the doctor there is a spell of clamness in the patient.Would ithelp if witnesses were brought who could testify to his state of behaviour?Director/....
-55DIRECTOR OF M4EDICAL SERVICES:Your Honour, I shall touch upon that in my general remarks as beingone of thedifficulties.The problem ol the increasing incidence oflunatics is a very real one. 20 years ago one used to meet an odd lunatic or twolocked up in some jail and perhaps meet one or two harmless ones in thevillages.But now not a month goes by without my being notified by district authorities ofsome lunatic sufficiently bad to have been sent for treatment to Bulawayo. Indeed,in the last three weeks, I have sent five to Ingutsheni and there aresome morecoming on.To return to the subject matter of the motion, there are three very obviousdifficulties. It is proposed that these detention cells are intended for theaccommodation of persons who have not yet been certified by doctors? YourHonour, might I ask the mover to confirm that?ACTING RESIDENT COMISSIONER:Would you confirm that, Mr. Kgamane?MR. RASEBOLAI KGANANE:My request is, could these people be detained somewhere until such time asdoctors can certify that they are insane.DIRECTOR OF IEDICAL SERVICES:Now, so far as lunacy is concerned, we aregoverned by the old Cape Lunacy Act of 1879 which lays down that a person whois considered sufficiently insane to be restrained, to be deprived of his or herpersonal liberty, must be certified by two doctors who have to swear an affidavitbefore the District Commissioner. The reason for two doctors is that itis a veryserious thing to give any certificate depriving any person of their personal libertyand throughout the civilized world that has been recognised for many years.Furthermore, the law lays down that any lunatic must be shown to the satisfactionof the examining doctors to be dangerous, or likely to be dangerous, to himself, toother people or to property. Therefore no doctor would dream of certifying anypatient merely upon the hearsay evidence of others. That is why when a doctorsees a lunatic who has been brought to him, and a lunatic can be harmless, he cando nothing. I should certainly never dream of putting my signature toany suchcertificate until I had seen the patient at his worst - in a very bad condition.Now, the question of providing detention quarters in villages or centres where twodoctors can be got together might be considered but there are threereasonsagainst it. The first is the cost. A cell to accommodate a person whomay showsuperhuman strength at times should not be built of bricks made bythe villagebricklayer. Such cells should be built properly of cement with iron bars on thewindow and proper strong ceilings. There should be two cells in case there is a
male and a female lunatic confined at the same time and there mustbe properarrangements for cooking, washing andsanitation/...
-56sanitation. Further, there must be provision for exercise# That means a brickwall, at least 6 or 7 feet high, enclosing a suitable area. These arethe minimumrequirements. Now the cost of such a unit, even at a place somewhere near therailway so as to cut down transport charges, would be about £2,700. Therefore thecost of providing one of these units in each administrative district would beconsiderable.Another difficulty is staff. It was notmentioned who was going to look after these lunatics. It is a known fact that iflunatics are attended to by staff experienced in dealing with such people, it makesa very great deal of difference. Such staff have to be specially trained and therewould have to be a good number of staff scattered throughout the territory and,when the cells were vacant and lunatics scarce, what would the staff do?Government cannot afford to employ staff who might be idle for a very largeproportion of their time. They could not readily be used for any other purposeexcept to help at an ordinary hospital and then when lunatics were put into the cellfor which such staff were responsible they would have to go back againand thestaff of the hospital would lose their labour.Further, one could not start the simplest kind of treatment in such cells. A largeproportion of present day treatment consists in light outdoor work, such asgardening, which the lunatics at Lobatsi do, and it would be difficult to arrangethat in small units.It seems to me, therefore Your Honour, that if we are to spend - andwe probablyshall have to look forward to spending money upon extra accommodation forlunatics, - we should seriously consider, first of all, whether it would not be betterto spend such money in enlarging the accommodation at Lobatsi with anextrarange of observation cells (as they are called) and the erection of asimilar homein the north, perhaps near Francistown. If that were carried out the transfers ofthese unfortunate people to one or other of these centres could be quicklyarranged I think the country would get more value for money and these peoplewould be more quickly put on the path to recovery. It would be easier also fromsuch places to take advantage of vacancies at Ingutsheni for we shall still have tosend these unfortunate people to Rhodesia until such time as ourluratcaccommodation is large enough to warrant the appointment to thepermanent establishment of a Medical Officer who is a mental specialist. Thatwould be the ideal arrangement.THE DIVISIONAL C0DMISSIONER SOUTH:Your Honour, I would say that the suggestion made by Dr. Squires would meetthe requirements which Mr. Kgamane stated. I was afraid that if we were going toagree to a number of small institutions we would get into difficulties, difficultiesof control and difficulties of finance. I think Government must face up to the fact
that we need more money for the care of our lunatics as the position atthe presenttime really is most unsatisfactory. It is almost immoral. It is unpleasant forDistrict Officers to have to look after these unfortunate people. It isunpleasant forthe unfortunate prisoners/...
-57prisoners who have to be lodged with lunatics and it is unpleasant forthe parentsof these people to see them locked up in jails, in unsuitable accommodation. Iwould say that an institution on the lines of the one at Lobats, in the north, underthe control of the Medical Officer, say, at Francistown, and the addition ofobservation cells both in Francistown and in Lobatsi, which would make itpossible for District Officers to send, without any loss of time, these unfortunatepeople for observation by qualified people, would solve the present difficulties. Ithink the immediate alleviation of our problem would be satisfied by theadditional construction of such observation cells at Lobatsi, perhaps three or four,pendingthe approval of the necessary funds which will always be difficult andalways will take time.DIVISIONAL COI11ISSIONER NORTH:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman, I think it remains for me just to endorse the remarksmade by Mr. Germond. My experience in the districts, in the past, has been thelack of accommodation for lunatics pending certification and as faras the north isconcerned, if we could have some type of building as envisaged by Dr. Squireskhere these people can be sent pending certification it will go a long way towardssolving the difficulties experienced by District Officers.MR. RASEBOLAI KGANANE:Your Honour, speaking of these lunatics in our villages, I did notmean to despisethe work that is being done by the Medical Officers in places like Lobatsi. Thething that was displeasing us was that these people should be sent to thedoctorsand the doctors would not take them and that they should be sent back to theirfamilies. If the doctor found that such a person was sick he would say there wasno vacancy at Lobatsi. I agree with the doctor entirely that he cannot sign acertificate unless he is satisfied that such a person is insane. It isnot he alone whosays that - there are many of them who say that. If such cells could be put up andsome extra provision made in Lobatsi, it would help us greatly. We would be fullysatisfied that such people are being well protected while waiting to be certified.It often happens that when the doctors sends them back there are one of twothings they do, they either hurt themselves or hurt other people.ACTING RESIDENT COiISSIONER:Thank you, Mr. Kgamane. Well I don't thinkthere is very much for me to say on the subject. It is a very difficult problem and avery distressing one; distressing in this sense that it seems that tne incidence oflunacy appears to be on the increase, and that there are more people sufferingfrom this complaint than there used to be some years ago. I think the Director ofMedical Services has hit upon the right solution. Even if it were possible to erectcells at each tribal headquarters I am sure they would be full the first day they
were erected and we would be in exactly the same position as we were before. Itseems to me that the idea of opening a new mental hospital at Francistown andextending the existing one at Lobatsi where/....
-58where patients not Only will-be observed but helped, is the correct solution. Ithink that is what we must work on. fr. Chairman the next Item is motionNo. 2.It stands in the name of Mr. G.B. Marobela.KGOSI BATHOEN:Before we speak on that motion, Sir, I would like to call the attentionof Councilto the speed at which we are going. We have fourteen items on the agenda andsince Mornay we have disposed of five only and Members are often repeatingthemselves, even thoughthe main speakers have said exactly what other memberswould wish to have said. Secondly, we are not confining our remarloto themotions on the agenda.ACTING RESIDENT COMIISSIONER:Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I think that was a very timely warning. Willyouproceed Mr. Marobela?MR. I IAROBELA:Your Honour and Mr. Chairman. I move that this motion be discussedin Council.MR. MPOTOKWANE:I second that Your Honour.MR. MAROBELA:Your Honour and Mr. Chairman, this motion does not come as a complaint, itcomes as a request. We as members of the Bamangwato tribal council discussedthis matter with our District Commissioner in our Tribal Council about nurseswho are dismissed because they are pregnant. We would very much liketodiscuss this matter as applicable to the whole Territory. Certain nurseswho hadqualified were dismissed because they were pregnant. In our day it isveryimportant that we should have many nurses because in the past when children hadpassed Standard VI they were allowed to be trained as nurses in hospitals. Todayit is only children who have passed Standard IX who are accepted in the hospitals.During the time of their training when they get pregnant they are stopped fromwork and new trainees are recruited. These new ones before they complete thecourse or whenever they complete it, also experience the same difficulty. If thiscontinues we will never have sufficient nurses in our country. We have heardfrom the medical authorities that, as they are pregnant, they are notable to carryout their heavy duties. We do not dispute the fact and while a nurse is pregnantshe should be made to leave work. Our request is that she should notbe dismissedbut she should be suspended during the time that she is pregnant until she hasbeen confined. This should be done in the same manner that is done to schoolmistresses, who when they are pregnant are suspended for some specified timeand then allowed to resume their work again. There are instances where pregnantnurses are re-admitted as new nurses who are starting at the begitdng. This makesthem complain and they do not want to continue nursing; they go and look for
work of some other kind. I am sure that there are some of them whom I know whodid not want to start again but had to seek work as a teacher. It is a matter/.....
-59matter we are putting before you not as a complaint but as a requestthatarrangements should be made for nurses as is done with mistresses. At certaintimes it would appear that married women were not allowed to do this work. TheDirector of Kedical Services also told us of the difficulties which made theGovernment complain that such peopl should not be allowed to do this work.Certain considerations should be made in the interests of the tribes by the MedicalDepartment. We are aware that they do all in their power to assist us. That is all Irequest, Your Honour.MR. M. MPOTOKWANE:, Your Honour, Mr. Chairman, and Council. We put this request forthis reason.There is a grave shortage of nurses. Our point was not that pregnant womenshould be doing work during the time of pregnancy; our request wasthat theyshould be allowed to resume their work after they have been delivered and afterthey have nursed their children. That is when they return to work, they shouldresume the position which they had before they got pregnant, with the salarystarting where they left off. That is why we put this motion forward for this law ofdismissing pregnant nurses to be considered by the Medical Department, that theyshould help us to improve it. But, while asking for this, Your Honour, we do notmean to encourage our children to keep on being pregnant. We are also veryunhappy about their being pregnant. We are being compelled to consider thisbecause of the need we have for people to be nursed. This is the request we haveput before you Your Honour that the Medical Department considerthis matter sothat these children should help us until we grow old.ACTING PXSIDENT COMUISSIONER:Thank you. Dr. Squires?DIRECTOR OF ZIDICAL SERVICES:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman. There seems to be some misunderstanding amongmembers as to the word "dismissal" which appears in the motion. Now by"dismissal" one usually means that the employee is sacked for some crime ormisdemeanour or given previoLs notice. Now this is not the case as regardsnurses. All the student nurses and staff nurses when they are appointed are warnedthat if they become pregnant they will or may have (in the case of student nursesthey will have to resign but they know it before they start) to resign. With regardto registered nurses, staff nurses they also are warned and accept the fact that theymay be required to resign and if they are kept, if they are re-employed, it is on atemporary basis. Your Honour I would like, for the benefit of Council, just to runthrough the generally accepted reasons why married women are at adisadvantagewith regard to single women in the nursing profession. First, of all, a marriednurse living at home is not available for emergency duty after hours, as she wouldbe if she was living in the Nurses' home. That is the most important point.Theremust be a certain number of nurses who can be found in case of some emergency
like a road accident. So, we must if possible have a few unmarried nurses whomwe can find. That is where the comparison with the teaching professionfallsaway. It does/....
-60does not matter where teachers are after hours. The second pointis that when thewoman is pregnant her capacity for work is lowered for she cannot carry out theonerous and very difficult exacting duties of nursing and it would be wrong to askher to do so. Thirdly, pregnant women are liable to pick up sicknesses frompatients from which women who are not pregnant would be unaffected. Such aninfection may have a very bad effect upon the unborn child. Fourthly, the marriedwoman living withher husband should not be transferred. For a transfer would interfere with herhome affairs and family life, and she should not be spearated for her husband forlong periods. Fifthly, it has been found all over the world that married nurses arein general much less interested in their work than single women, and indeed, it isonly right that a married woman should be primarily interested inher home andfamily. Lastly, when a pregnant nurse is on maternity leave or has been suspendedas suggested, a replacement has got to be found from governmentfunds.Furthermore, as regards maternity leave or suspension, it differs from ordinaryleave in that a department cannot make provision for such leaves ahead and, if anordinary leave is granted, if circumstances compel the leave to be cancelled, itdoes. But the end of the pregnancy is unavoidable and the leave cannot becancelled. Now for these reasons the World Health Organisation andvery recentlythe International Labour Office at Geneva have indicated that they preferunmarried women to married women in the nursing profession, and itis easilyunderstood from the reasons I have given. Now there is a great difference betweengiving service in hospital to the patients, such as bringing them their meals,making their beds, and washing them, and so on which is the minimum serviceand proper nursing care of the sick, which only a fully trained nurse can do, onewho is readily available, as I have indicated and who does not sufferfrom any ofthe disadvantages I have pointed out. Nevertheless in 1958 more than half of ourstaff nurses were married, employed at the same full rates of payas single womenbut is is undesirable to take in anymore married nurses because we are alwayshaving transfers (I will give you reasons for that) and we must have a proportionof single women who can be sent to any hospital. The ideal post for marri6dnurses is to take charge of outside dispensaries. We already have some and it ismost unlikely that any single nurse would be appointed to outside dispensaries.There is one other point that should not be forgotten. If a married nurse isemployed she would be filling a post which unmarried women who weresolelydependant on their earning for a livelihood should fill. I think one speaker saidthat if there were more married nurses there would be more clinics, asIunderstood. But there would not, because the number of posts is dependant on thenumber on the establishment, not upon a proportion of married to unmarriednurses.
ACTING RESIDENT COMISSIOFR:Thank you, Dr. Squires. Mr. Marobela?MR. G.D. DtAROBELA:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman. We have heard the Director of Kledical Servicesand it would seem that our request!....
-61request is not fully understood. We do not ask that all married women should beemployed, and it would appear that at present Government is not adverse to takingon such people. We express our thanks for the explanation by the Doctor who hastold us the objections to taking on these people who get pregnant. All thosethings which the Director has said, have been explained to me. All we are sayingis that these people should not be dismissed but that they should be suspended andtaken on later. The second point was that when they are taken on they should betaken on at the same pay as when they left. The whole object of our request is notto refuse the laws that govern the medical regulati6ns. Ours was merely to requestfor consideration to be made on our behalf only during the time whenwe are inneed of medical facilities in this country. As time goes on, when medicalemployees are sufficient the Government will run the medical facilities as bestthey can. It is as I said from the beginning that this was not a complaint but that itwas a request, to overcome the difficulties which seem to appear tobe before us.ACTING RESIDENT CO0EISSIONR:Dr. Squires it seems to me that the request has been modified to a certain extentunless I have misunderstood, and that is that if you are unable to fill vacancieswith unmarried qualified staff that you would consider re-employment of marriedstaff. Is that how you understood the request?DIRECTOR OF !MDICAL SERVICES:Yes, as Your Honour puts it, we do this already but we prefer the unmarried ones.ACTING RESIDENT COIZUSSIONER:If you cannot get qualified unmarried staff you would presumably take on marriedqualified staff?DIRECTOR OF IMDICAL SERVICES:In the past Your Honour we have had to do that; we still do. But we mustmaintain the proportion of unmarried and married women for the reasons I havegiven.KGOSI BATHOEN:May I ask one question, Your Honour? If a staff nurse who is unmarried getspregnant and is dismissed from work, can she be re-employed again after herconfinement at the same rate at which she was employed before?DI12CTOR OF 1MDICAL SERVICES:This is done. If for example, a staff nursehas to resign on account of pregnancy, it is open to her to apply forre-instatement. Our answer depends very much upon the other candidates who haveapplied because we get plenty of applications for staff nurses. Not long ago, wehad a case of a staff nurse who had to resign because of pregnancy. Now she had
a first-rate record, and so she was re-instated and did not lose anynotches, buteach case is dealt with on its own merits.Acting/ ......
-62ACTING RESIDENT CO13ISSIONER:Dr. Squires has explained very lucidly the position regarding the employment ofnurses. The disadvantages there are in employing married nurses has also beenexplained but, as far as unqualified girls are concerned they understand when theyjoin that while they are training pregnancy would terminate their employment.That seems reasonable to me. It is difficult enough to train to be a nurse withouthaving babies at the same time. But presumably after a pregnancy apupil couldbe considered for a vacancy and start training again. As far as qualified staff isconcerned Dr. Squires has explained very convincingly the reasons why it ispreferable to have single rather than married staff. But he does concede that wherehe can not get suitably qualified single staff he accepts married staff. He has alsogiven an assurance in the case of pregnancies among single qualifiedstaff thatdepending on the nurse'd record there is every chance of her being taken on again;and if her record was good before the pregnancy there is every likelihood that shewould be taken on, at the same salary she was drawing before the pregnancy. Ihope Council is feeling easy in their minds about this matter now. I would likeyou to know that what inspires the Director of Medical Services is the efficiencyof his hospitals, so that you, I, and everybody else, can get the best attentionpossible in those hospitals. It has nothing to do with the morals of the matter.Thank you.Can we take Item No. 3 now? It stands in the name of Mr. S. Matlhabaphiri.MR. S. MATLiABAPHIRI:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman and Council. I request that the motion should bediscussed in Council.ACTING RESIDENT COMDISSIONER:Have you got a seconder?Mr,. S. MATLHABAPHIRI:Yes, Your Honour.MR. h. SEBONE:I second the Motion Your Honour.MR. S. MATIIIABAPHIRI:This Motion, Your Honour, has been considered very carefully. Wehavecomplained for a very long time about the lack of medical facilities. Notthat wedespise the medical facilities provided by the missionaries there, because it is afact that the missionaries and the medical facilities there are too few; the countryis wide and the tribe consists of many people. In the Bakwena district there arecertain areas which are visited by mission doctors. I can mention a certain areawhich is visited weekly by the medical officer; a place like Thamaga, andLetlakeng the doctor visits twice monthly. A place
-63-like Motokwe which is about 175 miles away the doctor visits once a year. Aplace like Lephephe which is 96 miles away the doctor visits once a year. Thereare certain areas in which there are very few facilities. A place like Noshawengthe doctor never visits. A place like Ngware doctors never visit. It was said thatthe mission doctor visits Lephephe quite often. I say no, it is not correct, Sir. It isthrough the inability of the doctor to visit these places I have mentioned, that theBakwena are not satisfied, as far as the expansion of medical facilities isconcerned.The doctor that is in the Bakwena TribalTerritory does two jobs. He is a Minister as well as a doctor. In most cases hegoes out on his job as a minister and leaves nobody in the hospitals. Inconclusionwe fear that we are not satisfied with the development of medical facilities in theBakwena Tribal Territory. The Government haqhot provided either hospitals ordispensaries in the Bakwena Tribal Territory, and we feel that YourHonour hasforgotten us with the position as it is at present. I gather from the explanationwhich was given by the Director of Medical Services at the Standing Committeemeeting which he attended was that the difficulties were due to the shortage ofstaff. I say this in my capacity as an adviser in this meeting. There are schoolswhich teach us to Junior Certificate level in this country. The Governmentcouldconsider making provision (as it has done in establishing a school atRamathlabama) for training pupils as dispensers. Such men could bein a positionto assist while doctors were away for certain periods, and by beingposted to areaswhich are not visited by the doctors frequently. This request is putbefore YourHonour and before this Council to assist us in the provision of furthermedicalfacilities.ACTING RESIDENT COH12ISSIONLR:Thank you.MR. SEBONE:Your Honour and members of council. I attempt to add on to what the last speakerhas said. There is a great lack of medical attention in the Kweneng. Even inMolepolole there is only one Doctor, who often goes away. If you are patient youmust wait until the doctor comes back in the afternoon. We do not despise thework of the doctor. There is a lot of work for him, but he is all alone. People haveto wait their turn. One hospital is not enough. We are glad to hear that at Kanyethere are two hospitals. We hope that this is a step which will be taken in all largecentres. I am not speaking at length. All the places which Mr. Matlhabaphiri hasmentioned in the outside districts rarely see a Doctor. The doctor is beingoverworked because once he has been to Thamaga then he must go toLetlakengand then on to another place. We like our doctor at 11olepolole. He is a verygood doctor to the people but there is too much work for him. On top of hismedical work he has to do some work in-he church. It is a very difficult thing in avillage like Molepolole for a doctor like him to be without people to help him.While he moves from place to place, the sisters do the work. I feel thattherefore,we have got a lot of work for him to do. Even though/. . ....
-64though we wish that the Government put up a dispensary in certain places whatwe ask for more than ever is that Government consider putting up a secondhospital. There are some times when the hospital becomes full, and there is noaccommodation. But if there were two hospitals some good work could be done.Many hands make light work. Most of the people go to the hospital at Gaberones,not because they despise the work of our doctor, but because they feel that there isno chance of seeing the doctor. That is our request, Your Honour, to you, whichwe expect Your Honour will consider even though there are difficulties. Look intomain villages to see whether medical facilities are adequate. That is all.ACTING RESIDENT COFUISSIONER:Mr. Chairman, it is five to one. I think we should adjourn now until, say, quarterpast two?KGOSI BATHOEN:I agree Your Honour.(Council adjourned at 1 p.m. on Wednesday lst June. )(Council resumed at 2.30 p.m. on Wednesday 1st June.)ACTING RESIDENT COPRIISSIONER:We have heard the second speaker on the need for better hospitalfacilities anddispensaries in the Bakwena Tribal Territory. Is there anybody else that wishes tospeak on that?KGOSI KGARI,Your Honour and members of Council. I do not intend to make a long speech butI want to add to what my colleagues have been saying. It is evident toeverybodythat one doctor in a big village cannot achieve much. As they havealreadymentioned we do not claim that he is not doing his work well but we request thathe should be assisted. I believe that a new missionary doctor will come to assistDr. Merriweather. The doctor at Kanye informed me that they expectshortly thata new medical officer will arrive and that his wife also is a medical practitioner. Ido not mean when mentioning this that Government should not assist andgive earto the complaint raised by my colleagues. I am not against what wassaid by thefirst two speakers on this motion but I wanted to give evidence of the things thatwere needed. I also speak like the last speaker who said that the one hand cannotdo as the two hands. The Mission, I am sure, are aware of this in that theyareendeavouring tc improve the position. It might we that when Government alsoassists the position will improve. I do not think this matter affects the BakwenaTribal Territory only. I think it affects the whole of the Protectorate.ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIOMER:Thank you Kgosi Kgari. The information you have just given us has been veryhelpful. Would you, Dr. Squires, reply to the Motion?Director/ .....
-65-
DIRECTOR OF MEDICAL SERVICES:Your Honour and Council. The Bakwena TribalTerritory is not the only district where Government has no medical officer ordispensaries. The answer is the old one, lack of staff, and lack of money andGovernment is very grateful to the Scottish Livingstone Hospital whichhasprovided a medical service. Now it seems to me that the point at issueis that ofregular visits to outlying centres, and the establishment of dispensaries withresident staff nurses, (perhaps like that at Thamaga) might prove the best answer.It would seem however that the provision of two more doctors at Molepolole willhelp a great deal. It means that if there are three, one can always be travelling. Asto the question of Government's assistance, at present I see little prospect. YourHonour is aware of our immediate commitments and the development plan andthere can be no question at present of our putting a medical officer in theKweneng. As to the question of providing subordinate staff, like a dispenser orstaff nurse, the matter might be considered at a meeting with the DistrictCommissioner and the Mission authorities.ACTING 3.SIDINT COm1ISSIONER:Thank you, Dr. Squires. Do I understand that the Thamaga dispensary was builtby Government?DIRECTOR OF iA2DICAL SERVICES:No, Sir.ACTING PESIDENT COIISSIORER:Any further assistance as regards dispensaries would that have to be provided bythe mission or byGovernmentTDIRECTOR OF HEDICAL SERVICES:No request, Your Honour, has yet been put in for Government assistance in theprovision of outside dispensaries at any time. Something might le done if perhapsthe tribe could erect suitable accommodation and if the staff position permits wecould produce, preferably, a married staff nurse to take charge, as we haveelsewhere.ACTING ThESIDENT COI04ISSIONR:Thank you, Mr. Germond, would you like to speakon this?DIVISIONAL COMIISSIONER SOUTH:Your Honour, I really have not got much to say. Kgosi Kgari, in fact,has saidexactly what I was going to say. The problem is not really one which is peculiarto the Bakwena Tribal Territory. The medical problem is one which ispeculiar tothe whole territory and that problem is known to Government and it is known andappreciated very much by the medical Department. We do agree andwe, whotravel throughout the territory, do see that there are many places in theBechuanaland Protectorate which are not provided with adequate medicalattention.But/....
-66But when I look back, 30 years, then I remember how welived then in this Protectorate with two medical officers,with no hospitals except one very small dispensary at Gaberones.I realise, and Iam sure you will realisethat we have gone quite a long way. Every large African Tribal Territory hastoday at least one hospital. In someof these territories, there are dispensaries, and thereare new dispensaries being built now. There are more doctors and there are morenurses, and we are in factprogressing. We progress slowly because of the lack offinancial assistance, and the great difficulty of gettingsuitable medical people. I am quite certain that ourproblems will not be overcome immediately, but they are now being met and willcontinue to be met by the department as funds become available and/as staffbecomesavailable, with the assistance of the medical missions,who are also aware of our problems and who show great energy and enthusiasmin that way. I must say to theBakwena that I sympathise and I appreciate theirdifficulties. I have been to Motokwe, and I have justbeen to Dutlwe but these problems are not peculiar to the Bakwena TribalTerritory. I can only say that I am sure Government will do its utmost to alleviatethose problems.ACTING RESIDENT COIY2ISSIONER:Thank you, Mr. Germond. Mr. Matlhabaphiri wouldyou like to make a final speech?MR. MATLHABAPHIRI:Your Honour, ihr. Chairman and Gentlemen. I thankthe Chief for the words which he addressed to Councilwhich were probably new to the Government, that theScottish Livingstone Hospital promised him that some more doctors would come.We are thankful to the Director forhis last words, concerning the employment of nurses andthat the District Commissioner and the Chief and themissions authorities will meet and talk about this. Imust not forget to say one thing to the Director ofMedical Services, I would say that we have experiencedgreater difficulty in this Council when we put up motions dealingwith medical services than we experience when we dealwith other departments of government, when they really seethat we are in difficulty, admit this and tell us whatthey will do about it. But when we come to deal withmedical services, the Director of Medical Services puts before usdifficultieswhich appear insurmountable and which may probably discourage us. In thisparticular
instance he has said something very clear and we arehappy to hear what he has said in regard to the appointment of juniorofficerswhich would be discussed by theDistrict Commissioner and the Chief and the missions.One alteration has been made with regard to the dispensaries in the outlyingdistricts that consideration should be madefor male nurses instead of staff nurses. I theak you,Sir.ACTING RESIDENT COMISSIONER:Thank you, I would like to say that your remarksabout the Director of Medical Services are not quite fair.The Director, unlike other people, has to deal with human beings who always(quite rightly) want the best of everythirg. Possibly I am one of the few thatunderstand the Director's/....
-67Director's difficulties, and I would like you, Mr. Matlhabaphiri, and all Council,to know that among all my heads of departments Dr. Squires worries memostabout his job. Your welfare is constantly in his mind, as are the difficulties ofgetting and retaining suitable staff and additional money for increasing thecoverage of medical services. As I say, I doubt whether it wouldbe possible to geta more conscientiousman to look after the interests of health in the territory. Just before weclose thisdebate I would like Dr. Squires to tell you about the actual number of medicalcentres we have in the territory.DIRECTOR OF IMDICAL SERVICES:Your Honour and Council. The Medical Department has had an unhappy day. ButI would like to show you that the department does keep your interests atheart, andis increasing its services as much as it can. Now in 1954 the number ofmedicalcentres in the territory run by both Government and the missions, encludinghospitals and Grade I dispensaries with dispeners and Grade II dispensaries,which are lock-up dispensaries that are visited periodically, was thirty. At the endof 1956 the number had risen to forty nine and now the total is eighty.ACTING RESIDENT COMI4ISSIONER:Thank you, Dr. Squires. Well I think we have all learned quite a lot from thisdebate. The council have heard what the position is in the Bakwena TribalTerritory and my own conclusion is that their difficulties are perhapsnot as greatas they are made out to be, and I think they are extremely fortunate in having theservices of such a wonderful medical mission as the Scottish Missionwith suchdevoted doctors and nurses. I am extremely happy to hear that it is likely that thenumber of doctors will be increased. Thank you.Mr. Chairman, with council's permission I would like to release Dr. Squires whothrough this acute shortage of staff has some other duties to perform. With yourpermission I would like to suggest we take ilotion 13 which appears as Item No.17 on the Agenda, in order that Hr. Douglas, who is as you know Development
Secretary, can get back to his duties. The motion is in the name of Kgosi Bathoen.Would that suit you?KGOSI BATHOEN:That licensed motor vehicles plying for the conveyance of passengers shoulddisplay some form of identification. I move, Sir.ACTING RESIDENT COTEISSIONER:Will somebody second that?MR. K.R. BOME:I second the motion Your Honour.Kgos-i/ ....
-68KGOSI BATHOEN:Your Honour. The transport of passengers between the railway station andvillages is on the increase in Bechuanaland, and some of the people have made ittheir business to cater for such passengers whereas others just convey passengersor travellers on the off-chance.Much of this motion to Council is to protectboth the public and the conveyancer in that a passenger should knowthe days onwhich transport is available to convey them to certain destinations and toknowwhat vehicles would be available for the specific days. I have often seen lorriesladen with general merchandise for storekeepers in Kanye with passengers sittingright on the top. It is quite dangerous for people to be accommodated in vehiclesladen to such a height. A few months ago we had an accident. This vehicle wascoming out of Kanye to Lobatsi and on the off-chance picked up people on theway. The owner of that lorry is not licenced to convey passengersbut when he isbeing charged with an accident it would be found that he is not fully insured toconvey passengers. It is the safe and right thing for him to insure hislorry for theprotection of passengers. I thought at one time, Your Honour,that there was aregulation forbidding open lorries to convey passengers. What I say is subject tocorrection but I think that that is the position. Open vehicles may be of someservice during normal period otherwise passengers are subject to wet and coldweather, since there is no protection for them and their goods.I am quite sure a sum of £3 is payable to Government by people whose business itis to convey passengers with a bus or lorry. It is not right that some people shouldconvey passengers at the expense of others. This service shouldbe regularised byGovernment and all proprietors made to pay accordingly. YourHonour, themotion is that the vehicles should display some form of identification.The policewould be able to check, the public would know the sort of vehicles that areallowed to carry passengers, andfthe owners will realise that the safety ofpassengers is important.ACTING M SSIDENT COFMISSIONER:Kgosi Bathoen, may I ask just one or two questions to clarify my mind?Is theproposal that only vehicles which are properly equipped for passenger carryingand which are adequately insured be allowed to ply for hire?
KGOSI BATIIOEN:Your Honour. To say properly equipped might be expecting too much of some ofour people who may not be able to afford to equip the vehicles because this meansthat the vehicle should have a bus body and seats. For the moment I amnotpressing for such a vehicle. But what I am trying to get at is that the proprietorsof such a business should do all in their power to look after thdr passengers. Afterall anybody who spends money to be conveyed would want to get the full benefitof it. If the vehicles have some form of identification, the public and the Police/..
-69the Police wil/be able to know whether that vehicle is meant for passengers or not.Any other vehicle would be for goods only and any passengers alighting on itwould do so at their own risk. The board would consider whether a bus orparticular vehicle is suitable for the conveyance of passengers, It should be leftfor the board to decide, whether a vehicle is suitable for the conveyance ofpassengers.ACTING RESIDENT CTOiISSIONER:Thank you Kgosi Bathoen, I am now clear in my mind. Mr. Bome?MR. K.R. BODE:Your Honour and Council. It is as the mover of the motion has said. Itwouldappear it is important that a lorry which caters for the conveyance of passengersshou ld have a certain means of identification. It does not matter whether it is avery nice lorry or bus with a nice tent, or whether it is an open one but as long asit has got some identification. That is what we suggest. What is important is thatthe owner of the lorry should be fully aware that what counts is the lives of thepeople. It happened several times that accidents occurred to lorriesfrom Moshupaand from the Kalahari, those are lorries that just take people and bring them toLobatsi. We do not know whether these people pay the licence for ply for hire ornot. What we do know is that as the passenger catches his lorry by chance theowner of the lorry or the driver is not fully prepared to be careful whether he iscarrying a passenger or not; all he is doing is merely to hurry away to get to wherehe is going. The reason why this motion has been put forward is thataccidentshave taken place on account of this sort of thing. That is why itis important thatthis matter should be looked into. Sometimes you do not feel like looking at alorry like that, when there are people right on top of the goods. That iswhat I sayto add to the first speaker, Your Honour.ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:Thank you, Mr. Bome. Yes, Mr. Marobela.MR. G.D. MAROBELA:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman and Council. I merely wish to ask a question. Thereis a certain board concerned with Road and Air transport. I would askthe questionwhether this motion before us, is suitable to be dealt with by this Councilor issuitable to be dealt with by that board?ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:Would you like to reply to that Kgosi Bathoen?
KGOSI BATHOEN:I had not forgotten about the Road Transportation Board when I brought thismotion to this council, but I am quite sure that that board may not be aware of thetype of vehicles that convey goods and passengers and other vehicles expresslyfor people. In answer to a question/.....
-70question put to me by the President, I said I am not pressing for buses only to bethe approved vehicles to convey passengers because I know there are openvehicles competing fbr that purpose. I placed this motion on the agenda that itshould be discussed in Council. If the members feel that the motion would bestbe dealt with by that board they are at liberty to say so, and I am aware that aboutthree or four members present here are members of that board, and therefore whenthey go to the board on Monday they will have the views of council. They will notbe unable to decide whether they should accept the board's view or reject them.ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:Thank you, Kgosi Bathoen. In addition I would like to explain the reason for myquestion at the conclusion of Kgosi Bathoen's first speech. Most ofus know, butperhaps it is not knovn to everybody, that almost every truck ownerin theterritory plies for hire. There is no proper public transport system with the resultthat people who do want to travel are often restricted to trucks which are possiblyunsuitable for carrying passengers. Mr. Mosinyi?MR. G. MOSINYI:Your Honour. I will not speak at length. I wish to explain a few things about thecarrying of passengers by lorry. It should be known that in the territory we havenot the same means of conveying people. There are short distances where youcan carry a person from here to the village and then you take peoplein and aroundthe village. There are places where it takes two or three days from their homes totheir destination. It is not everybody who has the means of making a lorrysuitable for passenger carrying. People in Maun want to take their goods fromFrancistown. The lorries do not go there every day. There are days set for thelorries to go there, and the people who live in Maun and go to Francistown rely onthese lorries. There are certain lorries that convey goods only and others thatconvey passengers only. It is the lorries that do Government workwhich carrypeople from Maun to Francistown and from Francistown to Maun. I couldmention places like Palapye to Serowe and so on. Lorries that come fromRakops to Palapye go through Serowe to come and carry goods for traders. Thosewere the only lorries which people rely on to convey them. The difficultiesapply to the whole Protectorate and even in the Southern Protectorate. If thereare certain types of lorries certifiel to convey people there should also beprovision for ordinary vehicles to carry people. There are peoplewho on accountof death or various other things, are forced to travel quickly. It is not alwayssuitable for a person to wait for a special day set aside for the lorriesthat conveypassengers. In conclusion, Your Honour, I have grave doubts that if a lorry is not
licensed to convey passengers and does so the owner should be opentoprosecution. I want to make it clear that the lorries that convey people in thiscountry are not very many. We get assistance from any lorry that goes by and weare able to reach our destinations quickly. We are still considering this matter inthe Roads Advisory foard.Mr. Marobela/....
-71MR. G.D. AROBELA:Your Honour. I was going to ask a question, but now that Chief Bathoen hasexplained I have something to say. The first thing the lorry owner should do is togo and get a licence from the District Commissioner, the ply for hire fee is a feeof £2. According to my knowledge many lorries that carry passengers are lorrieswhich carry goods as well.MR. N. OVOYA!Your Honour and Mr. Chairman. I am not speaking at length. I agree with the lastspeaker, and in Ngamiland there are no specially designed lorriesfor people onlyrecently one truck had an accident and a man's arm got broken, but there were nogoods on that lorry.At places like my home we cannot have lorriesspecially for people, asthere are no rich people to have lorrieslike that. As onespeaker has said lorries takepeople from Francistown to Maun and from Maun to Francistown and some of theofficials and Chiefs in this place know the distance from Maun to Shakawe. Thatis all I wanted to say, Your Honour.ACTING RESIDENT COMISSIONER:Mr. Douglas will you please speak on this matter?DEVELOPMENT SECRETARY:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman, members of Council. Kgosi Bathoen, and severalmembers of council speaking to this motion have referred to the Roads AdvisoryBoard and I should like to confirmhat the Board has been considering legislationwhich would include provision concerning vehicles carrying passengers for hire.At its last meeting the Board considered a proclamation and regulations to go withit. The draft legislation is intended to replace our present laws regarding roadtraffic and motor vehicles and includes provisions concerning vehicles which willcarry passengers for hire. Kgosi Bathoen's proposal is not included in the draftregulations but if it were acceptable there would be no difficulty about inserting itin the regulations. I think however, in that case, the Roads Advisory Board shouldhave the opportunity to consider the matter, as has indeed been suggested by onespeaker. As Mr. Marobela mentioned the regulations are still under considerationby the Roads Advisory Board, as the board was not able to reach a conclusionabout the regulations at its last meeting. It is of interest howeverthat the boardreached the same preliminary conclusion as several speakers havetoday reachedon the subject of these vehicles. It is felt that in the present state of publictransport in the territory it would not be fair either to the public or to theowners
of such transport to impose very difficult conditions and therefore it is felt that thedraft regulations require reconsideration. Nevertheless I think itis felt by theboard, and I think Government certainly feel, that it is necessary tolay downsome minimum requirements as a safety measure. I do not think anyonewants tolay down very complicated or difficult requirements but it is certainly agreed byall that these vehicles which carry passengers must be safe/.......
-72-safe and that indeed was one of the main points made by Kgosi Bathoen. So Ithink what will eventually happen is that the Roads Advisory Board will acceptlegislation whichI will lay down simple but satisfactory standards for lorries andbusses which carry people, and when that is done it seems to me therecan be noobjection to Kgosi Bathoen's proposal. That would be a very useful measure,because it would make it possible for the Police and the public to check that infact it was a vehicle which satisfied the simple but satisfactory requirements. Ifeel therefore, Your Honour and Mr. Chairman, that if this motion isaccepted itshould, as I suggest, be considered by the members of the Roads Advisory Boardand upon their acceptance then form part of the legislation which is now beingprepared.ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:Thank you, Mr. Douglas. Could you tellwhether it would be possible for the owner of a truck, an ordinary truck withoutany particular safety measures such as are insisted upon in normal circumstance,to insure against injury or death occuring to passengers on such a truck.DEVELOPMENT SECRETARY:Your Honour, the question of insurance of vehicles is not covered in thisparticular draft legislation but as I understand the position such vehicles arerequired by law to be covered against third party risks, on payment of a specialpremium. I don't know if that nswers your question, Sir.ACTING RESIDEtIT COMMISSIONER:Not entirely. Was it the intention before qualifying for a licence to plyfor hire tocarry passengers that it would be necessary for the owner to take out an insurancepolicy insuring his passengers against death or accident.DEVELOPKENT SECRETARY:Your Honour, it is not a condition laid downin the legislation to which I have been referring. Other legislation exists whichdoes lay down the requirements of motor vehicle Third party insurance. Soalthough under this legislation a motor vehicle could obtain a licencethe owner ofthat vehicle would in any case be committing an offence if he did not insureagainst Third party risks.ACTING RESIDENT COM ISSIONER:Yes, but that would be too late for the relatives of the dead people.As Iunderstand it, without compulsory third party insurance you have got to statewhether you are using this vehicle for your personal use or for the carriage ofpassengers. Now if people intend to carry passengers they must take out this third
party insurance to protect their passengers. What I am suggesting isthat only onproduction of that proof that they have taken out this third party insurance, wouldthis/.*.**.
-73-this licence to ply for hire be issued. I am sorry I intervened in the debate like thisbut I did want to get my thoughts clear on it. I would like to know if any membersof council have any comments on this suggestion of mine. Mr. Tsheko?MR. T. TSHEKO:Your Honour. I speak in connection with what you have mentioned. Iwill notspeak at length. The conveyance of people in the territory especially in ourdistrict Ngamiland, is not regularised. Our villages are far apart and it takessome time to drive from one to another. It would be better if any lorryowner,who has a lorry that carries even two peopole, was encouraged to take out a thirdparty insurance policy. Most District Commissioners who have been stationed inthe Batawana district know how difficult it is for people to get about and that inmost cases when people want to take patients to hospitals they spend anumber ofdays waiting for lorries to take them to hospitals. At times they get liftsfromDistrict Commissioners. I am of the opinion that any person who owns a lorry,who has not taken out a third party insurance, will endanger thelives of thepassengers. Similar difficulty is experienced if lorries carry people in greatnumbers. Even Government lorries which normally do not carry people should beinsured. It is heartrending to see three or four Government trucks which havegone to Mohembo return empty without any people except the driver and the lorryboy and using so much petrol. They go past Government servants on the waywithout carrying them while they are waiting for transport all alone.Fl. RASEBOLAI KGAMANE:Your Honour, I did not intend to speak on thismatter, but it appears to me that people do not understand what is meant by thirdparty insurance. I only stated that the two discs in vehicles are for the licence,and for the third party insurance. If you do not take out a licence at the beginningof the year you get arrested. At the beginning of every year the police examine thecars to see whether they have got both discs. If the discs are not there, you getarrested. No person can carry on transport business without thirdpartyinsurance. Talking about the conveyance of people, in our countrywhen a personwho buys a lorry he does so to carry out all his private duties. Before he takes outa licence for it he reports to the African Authority that he has got a lorry andwishes to do this and this with it. If he just wants to carry out any private work hecan go and/get a licence. But when he wants to make a request to convey peoplein that lorry, we give him a letter which he takes to the District Commissioner toprove that he has made a request to be allowed to convey people in that lorry.There is a law that, before we give him such a letter, the vehicle must be taken toa garage to be examined by a mechanic to see whether it is roadworthy. When hepoes to the District Commissioner he has in his posses-sion a roadworthycertificate and a letter from the Chief, and the mechanic has examined the lorry
and certified that the truck is roadworthy. After it has been examined it cannothave any defect. I want to point out that we have been/....
-74have been doing this for many years in our area. If the mechanic is ofthe opinionthat it is not roadworthy enough we c .n refuse to give him a letter to the DistrictCommissioner.CHIEF BATHOEN:Your Honour. From the remarks of the lastspeaker I want to know what is there later on to show that that particular vehiclehas been passed for the conveyance of passengers. How will that be known by thePolice? I said something should be displayed so that that vehicle couldbeidentified by anyone concerned. The practice in the Bangwato is followed in otherareas I think. It is not that I am criticising that, but I think there should be someidentification. What I am saying is that lorries that carry passengersare knownlocally but should be known to the Police.MR. M. SEKGONA:Your Honour. This matter before us is adifficult matter. Our people have already spoken. I just want to say that I amthankful Mr. Douglas said that the law has been looked into and thatthis motionmay form part of the law. Your Honour and other members on account of yourlong stay in this territory you know that a person should not be punished for doinggood. I ask that there should be some provision in the law so that if a person isfound carrying a passenger though he has no licence to ply for hire,he should notbe put in trouble. I thank you, Your Honour.ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:May I just ask a question? Mr. Marobela. I understand you run transport?MR. G.D. T.AROBELA:Yes, Your Honour.ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:Mo you carry goods and passengers?MR. G.D. MAROBDLA:Yes, Your Honour.ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:When you pay your insurance premium what do you say on the form? Do you sayon the form that you are carrying passengers and goods?MR. G.D. MAROBELA:Yes, Your Honour, I say that I carry passengers and goods.ACTING RESIDENT COMISSIONER:And then you pay more than other people do?Mr. Marobela/,.....
-75-MR. G.D. MAROBELA:
The insurance companies demand that suchvehicles be constructed in a certain way. They just insure it for certain goods.They also insure it for carrying passengers if it is suitable.ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:That is what I was afraid of. So it means that an ordinary truck without a covercannot be insured for carrying passengers.YR. G.D. MAROBELA:No, Your Honour, it cannot.ACTING RESIDENT COMISSIONER:Well that rather destroys the thoughs that I had.MR. G.D. MAROBELA:The only protection we have for carryingpassengers is the £2 ply for hire which we pay to the Government.ACTING RESIDENT COMPISSIONER:Well that would not help you if you turned your truck over and killed yourpassengers. I know that it does sound pitiful, as Mr. Tshekc said,that Governmenttrucks go about and refuse to pick up passengers, just because of an instructiongiven to the drivers. If they turned their trucks over and killed passengers, (I canassure you that Government drivers are pretty good at turning trucks over),Government woul~be liable for damages. Kgosi Bathoen would you like to windup?KGOSI BATHOEN:Yes Yonr Honour. I have been very happy that my motion has been consideredsympathetically and although it still has to be considered by the Board in the wayI have put it, I am pleased to learn that the Roads Advisory Board hasmaderecommendations regarding vehicles conveying passengers. Iam however sorrythat other difficulties were introduced. My motion really is directed to vehiclesonly licensed to convey passengers, and not to people giving lifts toa sick person.Mr. Kgamane just hit the nail on the head when he said that all vehicles have gotto be recommended by the Chief as well as passed by a motor mechanic forroadworthiness. Such vehicles should also display something to show that theyhave been approved as passenger carriers. There is no doubt that :he RoadsAdvisory Board is faced with several difficulties, but the intention is to protectboth the owner and the passengers in the vehicle, and that is exactlywhat I saidwhen I stated the motion in Council. I am not trying to deprive people from usingvehicles to distant places, but I want these vehicles to be known to anybodypassing by the village or to strangers. I must agree with His Honour especiallywhen he says that Government drivers/....
-76driver are renowned for overturning lorries, but I will say that allyoung driversare renowned for that sort of thing. They are reckless drivers, and I think thetime has come when the public should be protected. The law should ensure thatthe vehicle is a suitable one in which to convey passengers. I am sure members ofcouncil here would not like to travel from their lands to the railhead inan open
lorry on top of a load of goods. We should make people conscious ofthe factthat human life is very important, and human safety is also important. It wasmentioned in the debate on meat inspection that sometimes the policework inignorance of the law and I am sure anybody who had fulfilled these requirementswould not like to be interfered with by the police. Your Honour, I willleave themotion at that, seeing it is to be discussed by the Road Advisory Board and I hopewhen they consider the regulations they will also consider a simpleform of disc inaddition to the two that we already have. It will not cost the owner anything but itwill be a good thing for the public to know that that particular vehicle is there toconvey passengers.ACTING RESIDENT COMNISSIONER:Thank you, Kgosi Bathoen. I am very glad wehave had this full and frank discussion on this problem. I think some of us havelearned quite a lot, and what I suggest is that Mr. Dcuglas brings thisdebate to thenotice of the Roads Advisory Board so that they can decide what measures shouldbe incorporated in the law. I would also ask Mr. Douglas if he would makeenquiries as to the minimum standards required before insurance companies willinsure passengers on vehicles plying for hire. In the meantime I would ask ownersof vehicles to remember that if they carry passengers for hire andtheir trucks haveaccidents not only will the truck be damaged but they will be liable to paydamages to the dependants of any passengers who were killed. So perhaps in theinterests of safety you would do your best to encourage your drivers to drivecarefully and safely. Now, Mr. Chairman, I suggest we adjournfor tea.KGOSI BATHOEN:Yes, Your Honour.ACTING RESIDENT C0 01ISSIONER:Council is adjourned.(Council adjourned at 4 p.m. on Wednesday 1st June.)(Council resumed at 4.20 p.m. on Wednesday 1st June.)ACTING RESIDENT C010ISSIONBR:Now Mr. Chairman, the next item, with yourpermission, we would like to hold over until tomorrow when Mr. Gardinerwill behere, that is "That Government be asked to take over all post-primary education."Would you like to take Number 6 now? "That a railway fence be erectedalongside Artersia".Kgosi Bathoen/....
-77KGOSI BATHOEN:Yes, Your Honour.ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:Mr. Linchwe.MR. M. LINCHWE:Your Honour and Councillors. I request to withdraw that motion.AOTTNG RESIDJTT COI.7MSSIONRT:
Mr. linchwe, I would like you and Council ingeneral to know how interested we are in this matter thatyou have raised and if you and Council are agreeable I would like the ActingGoaveriiment Secretary to tell you what we have been doing about it. Mr. Bent?ACTING GOVERNMENT SECRETARY:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman, Council. The fencing of the railway stripin thoseparts where it has not already been fenced, is a matter which Government hasbeenurging very strongly for a couple of years. There are in our law provisions forcompensation for animals killed onthose stretches but the arrangements that result cannot be regardedas satisfactory.In a good many cases it isquite clear that adequate compensation has not always been achieved and in anycase the loss of cattle in thisway is a thing wThich we all want to avoid. The only satisfac tory solutionis thecompletion of the fence. Government had, rather more than a year ago, got to thestage where the South African Railways who were managing the section, had byarrangement with the Rhodesia Railways undertaken to get the fencingcompleted. That arrangement was upset by the change-over that has occurred andthe Rhodesia Railways said that they wanted to review this ohligation. It was anobligation which they could not deny and they agreed that that wasthe case, butthey had had a good deal of expense on this section of the line in constructing newquarters for additional staff as well as taking over quarters for existing staff.However, Government pressed them further on this need for fencing and theyhave now said that they will fence 20 miles a year. There are 127 miles in all todo, 37 in the Kgatleng and 90 miles in the Bamangwato. At that rate it will takethem six years do to it. I think I am expressing Government's attitude, YourHonour, in saying that this is not fast enough and that we shouldgo back to them and say that they should do at least 40 miles a year, which wouldmean that the remaining stretches could be fenced within 3 years, which is a moreacceptable measure of time to put this thing right. Thank you, Your Honour.ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:Thank you, Mr. Bent. Also, in communicating this to the Rhodesian Railways Iwould like you to suggest that the Artesian section be dealt with as soon aspossible because of the heavy concentrations of cattle there and Mr.Linchwe, Iwould also like you to convey to the people/.....
-78people of the Bakgatla Tribe that when their cattle are killed by the trainsduringdaylight they should not simply accept what money the ganger gets for the sale ofthe dead meat but lodge a proper claim for compensation with the DistrictCommissioner. Full detais should be given, the age, size, and sex ofthe animal,in order that a fairer amount of compensation can be obtained. Are there anyquestions you would like to ask, Mr. Linchwe?MRXLINCHWE:
No, Your Honour.ACTING RESIDENT COM4ISSIONER:Mr. Chairman, what item do you suggest now?KGOSI BATHOEN:No. 7. Your Honour?ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:No. 7, which stands in the name of Kgosi Bathoen.KGOSI BATHOEN:That ways and means of maintaining continuity of policy be considered when aDistrict Commissioner hands over on transfer. I move, Sir,MR. K. R. BOME:I second the motion Your Honour.KGOSI BATHOEN:Your Honour, it is the policy of Government that our District Commissionersshould prepare a handing over certificate for the incoming DistrictCommissioner.I have never seen such a certificate. I have been told that the outgoing DistrictCommissioner sets out what he has been doing, or what projects are under way, sothat the incoming District Commissioner would more or less know what he isfaced with. In my wide experience as Chief I have observed that I have neverbeen invited to discuss with the outgoing District Commissioner what we havebeen doing or what we should get ready for the one that is coming. I have foundthat that certificate sometimes contains matters which are confidential toGovernment officials only. I repeat, Your Honour, that I have never read such acertificate but somehow I have got to know certain things which may beconfidential only to Government and therefore I have never pressed to know itscontents. And that is why I have asked that, apart from any confidential matters,the confidence of the Chief should be taken into consideration. TheDistrictCommissioner and the Cnief should together prepare a certificate which they canhand over to the incoming District Commissioner. Everythingihat happens, nomatter what it is, should be mentioned. Sometimes a District Commissionerfollows up one particular subject on which he mends a lot of time and interestduring his career at a particular station and although that subject may appear inthecertificate/ .....
-79certificate he may not be as interested in some other subject and therefore thatparticul1ar subject is not mentioned. Youzr Eonour, I speak from wideexperionce, and I am happy that the officials present know exactly what I amtaJ1dng about. I remember, at certain times, I have made sper(ial pleas toGovernment that the outgoing District Commissioner should be left in my districtand his stay should be prolonged in order that what we had achieved together andhad not completed should be pursued still further. Of course it wasnot alwayspossible for Government to agree to my request, and as a result someparticularsubject or object was sometimes not considered by the next District
Commissioner. Times are moving very fast and when people who havedealtwith certain objects in a specific time, they are apt to neglect others that they havegot to attend to. Objects are not altogether completed, some are not done fullyand therefore the projected development of the tribe is delayed. For example theestimates have been delayed and I only received my copy last month.ACTING RESIDENT CO ,ISNICIN,1:These are the tribal treasury estimates?KGOSI BATHOEN:Yes, Your Honour, We have not even started to make certain buildings andpurchases which have been approved in the estimates. I mention this delay in thedevelopment of tribal building programmes just to show how this is bound upwith the motion before me. I am sure everyone is sympathetic to whatI amsaying. This is not a controversial matter for discussion by this Council. I thoughtI would bring it to the notice of my fellow Chiefs, who I know have the sameexperience and difficulties, so that whatever decision you makethen they alsoknow it and that our District Commissioners will in turn be able to makearrangements which might be acceptable toyourself. We would like to work harmoniously with our District Commissionersand think that we should be taken into their confidence when they work on thehanding over certificate, I have alwajs felt that a Chief is in a better position thanthe District Commissioiuers to know what the requirements of his people are. I donot mean that the District Commissioners have not got the interests of thepeopleat heart but as they come and go they are faced with new problems andsometimes, before they have made up their minds how best to carry onwith whathas been handed over by the outgoing District Commissioner, they aretransferred.ACTING PESIDENT COMMIISSIONER:Thank you, Kgosi Bathoen. Have you any views, Kgosi Kgari? Wouldyou liketo speak on this?KGOSI KGARI:Your Honour. I will first hear what Council will say about it. Perhaps the matterwill be made more clear to me during the discussion.KGOSI MOKGOSI:Your Honour and Members of Council. I endorse what/....
-80-what Kgosi Bathoen has said in all respects. Sometimes it happens that theDistrict Commissioner with whom you have been working goes on leaveand isrelieved by a man whith different ideas. One officer might alter the priorities andgive one something else to work on. He might go to the Treasury to inspect it, andfind the work has not been done in the way it was done in the place wherehecame from. Not that such Treasurer will be doing something different but onlythat he will be doing something according to the instructions of the Treasurer orthe Auditor. Then the officer says I want you to do these books this way and thatway. It would
appear that there should be some arrangement laid down which would befollowed by the incoming officer and which would not be altered. It is ever somuch easier if the incoming officer can follow what is la4d down by thiscertificate without upsetting the ,arrangements. That is all.KGOSI -GATBFONE:.Yo-x Honour and Counucil. We have got one thing to say, Your Honour. We donot disagree with what the first speaker has said. That is all.MR. R. KGAMANE:I have not much to say, Your Honour, except toadd one word to what Kgosi Mokgosi has said. That is that the incoming officershould continue what was done by his predecessor. What I want to say isthat heshould be shewn a report of the work that has been done and of the work thatremains to be done. These things should be agreed upon with the Chiefas he andthe District Commissioner work in conjunction one with the other.ACTING EIDFNT C0IJ:-IO,:R'Mr., Bent, would you speak?ACTING GOVEPdMTENT SECRETARY:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman, Council. I think it is particularly valuable toGovernment to have heard this statement that we have had this afternoon from theChairman of the Council with his long experience at the leadership of histribeand supplemented by the words of other Chiefs experienced with their people.There is no controversy over this matter at all. The idea of the handing overcertificate is that nothing should be lost sight of in the change which takes place.In my own experience, though I have not taken over a district within thelast sixyears, I found that my predecessors had tried to set out exactly what they weredoing. It was evident that they had been closely in touch with the Chiefs becausethe trait that was continually recurring was "the Chief thinks", and "itis theChief's view" and "the Chief hopes to achiee such and such". It may be that whatis lost in the changirg over is not so much because matters are not setout properlyin the handing over certificate but because the new man who takes over has otherideas to add to the progess of the district and perhaps will not always understandthat a need which has been mentioned by his predecessor has not been completelyfulfilled at the time of his arrival. Human nature is probably/......
-81probably responsible for some things which are missed in those instances. That iswhat Government has tried to guard against and the incoming DistrictCommissioner has in fact no authority to change the policy without theapprovalof higher authority. It might well be, YourHonour, that there would be advantage in reminding District Commissioners ofthis and whatever proposal may eventuate from Chief Bathoen's suggestion, toremind them also that the closest consultation with the Chief will ensure theactual object of the handing over certificate, which is that nothing should be lostin the process of handing over. It is rather as if, Sir, the handing over certificateis to preserve everything that has been going on, but not to exclude thepossibility
of new and further advances which were mentioned by Mr. Kgamane. We have,Sir, our Divisional Commissioners these days and that should be an additionalguarantee to keep these things right. I would like to add however, Your Honour,that there may be a lot to be said for Chief Bathoen's seggestion of an agreedstatement of policy by the Chef and the District Commissioner to put the1:thou~ghts in order and set out what their ideas ao for the progress ineach district.I am sure, Sir, yo)u will have further views on this, but I feel I have spoken on itfrom my own experience of the matter. It is very useful, Your Honour, that thisitem has been raised..ACTING .2ESIDENT COMflISSIONER:Thank you, Mr. Bent. I would like to know what you think, Mr. Germond, aboutthe Chiefs' and the mover's proposal.DIVISIONAL COMiISSIONER SOUTH:Your honour, I think that the difficulty here is not so much a questionof achange of policy but stress on one aspect of administration. One DistrictCommissioner has educated another District Commissioner. From what I haveseen one District Commissioner for example might be extremely interested ineducation. When on transfer from one station where he has been so interested ineducation he naturally takes that interest along with him to his new station and hehopes in that new sphere to further that same interest and pursue those veryworthy objects. It may be that sometimes, in his enthusiasm, he overlooks the factthat the notes, which he1as received from his predecessor, indicatethat what hasbeen happerng in his new district is a programme of water development, forinstance, and he may embark on this educational side and perhaps forget, notforget, but not lay enough stress upon the continuanace of the waterdevelopmentpolicy in that district. It does occur. It occurs simply because of thedifferentinterests of various people. Today in my experience, District Officers are workingwith the Chiefs far more than they ever did before. My experience is today infact that we have almost got one office, not two offices. Our work with theAfrican Authorities is so intertwined that a District Commissioner spends, Ishould say, more than half his time in the Chief's office. But the interestsof thosetwo men are similar and I suggest that it might be very valuable if theDistrictCommissioner and the African Authority get together and review thewholeposition/ ......
-82position in any particular district to advise the incoming District Officer what hasbeen happening in that district and also where the present policy isleading them. Ido not think there will be anything improper in that, and I think it will be veryhelpful. It would be very helpful to the incoming officer and it wouldensure thatthe sort ofthing that Kgosi Bathoen has in mind does not occur. Whether itwould be in order for the handing-over notes to be copied to the AfricanAuthorityor not is not for me to say. But in view of the fact that the notes would bebasedupon a discussion between the District Commissioner and the Chief I shouldimagine that it would be in order.
ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:Thank you very much, Mr. Germond. Kgosi Bathoen would you like to speak?KGOSI BATHOEN:Yes, Your Honour. Your Honour, I am thankful for the reply made by Lhe twosenior officers. As I said I did not expect this matter to be of any controversalnature. I am not surprised that the council does not contest this motion. The fact isthat they agree with what I said. That the District Commissioners and the Chiefshave worked harmoniously is unquestionable and that is why I raised this matterin order that harmonious working should continue, and that the development andprogress of the tribe shoulbe achieved. That is the position, Your Honour. Myrequest is that a copy of the handing over certificate be given to the Chief. Sothat the same papers which are filed in his office shouldbe available to the Tribal Officials. As Mr. Germond has pointed out the varyinginterests shown by District Commissioners from other districts have been evincedinmy district. That is why I request that a copy of the handing over notes should behanded to the Chiefs and the Resident Commissioner for their information.These arrangements, Your Honour, are, I think, very necessary I am sure that itwas not with any ulterior motive that it was arranged that certificatesshould beprepared only by District Commissioners. But experience has taught us that theChief and District Commissioner, whose work is so intertwined, should preparethis paper together. I think the days have passed now when we leave everything tothe discretion of the District Commissioner. I would like to be open andfrankwith you, Sir, and say that there is nothing at the back of my mind which I want toconceal from your notice. In recent amendments to the laws I have oftenobserved the words "at the discretion of the District Commissioner" appearing.Well District Commissioners exercise their discretion, which I do not question.But I think we should now say "in consultation with the Chief". This would go along way to improve matters and would be more appreciable to the Chief.We arelooking forward to the legislative Council, which undoubtedly will take awaycertain powers from the District Commissioners and I see no reason why thepowers or the control of a tribe should be vested in the discretion of that particularofficer at all times. At one time the Chief was regarded as a monarch and anautocrat and in order to remove such misconception we have created councils toassist him and to show that he A , + wnr y himself. This being a declared policy Isee/....
I see no reason why the handing over certificate should be in the hands of oneperson. Thank you, Sir.ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:Well I am extremely grateful 2r the speeches that have been madeon this subjectand the extremely valuable advice that has been given to me. There is nodoubtabout it, h~uman nature being what it is, peoples interests differ and as Mr.Germond has said, a District Commissioner might be very keen on education, livefor education, do all he can to further education which is very praiseworthy, but
he might neglect the means by which people live, that is the welfare oftheircattle. What is needed is to strike a happy balance, And the Chief has proposed ameans cf achieving such a balance. On the other side, of course, Chiefsthemselves have particular interests and it may be that some of them need a littlestimulating to take an interest in certain affairs of the tribe. If we accept theproposal of Kgosi Bathoen we should have a balanced situation, because if aDistrict Commissioner lags behind in anythirg the Chief can prod himand remindhim of his other duties and similarly if the Chief neglected certain thingsthe newDistrict Commissioner could refer him to the handing over statementand remindhim of other things to be done. I see no reason why this proposal of the Chiefshould not be adopted and we will take the necessary steps to implement it.Kgosi Bathoen do you tdink we can take a short item now or would you like toadjourn. A short item might be motion No. 10 about the rest house inFrancistown. Are you ready for No. 10 Mohumagadi?MOHIhAGILDI hORBEMI:Your Honour I move that this motion be discussed ja this Council.KGOSI BATHOEN:I second the motion Your Honour.MOUITIAGADI MOP, =II:Your Honour it is now a very long time that we have been attending this Council.In many cases it has been inconvenient for us. There are certainoccasions whenwe are forced to come before the opening day because we complain that if we donot arrive at that particular time there will be no means of coming to the meetingon time. When we leave our villages we have to spend two or three daysatFrancistown. It is at that time that we get stranded. At certain times itis rainyseason, and we have nowhere to stay. We used to get accommodation amongstpeople who stayed in town but they have very small houses which have noaccommodation for other people apart from themselves and their children. Todaypeople have been moved and they have been placed very far away from thestation. If we stayed there we would still have difficulty to catch the train in goodtime. Today we understand that we leave here on Friday, and we will not arrive atour destination before Wednesday. Where shall we be on those intervening days?It is a request that this Council should consider what should be done. Would theGovernment not be in a position to build guest/...
-84g:lest houses for us, not for us alone, but for all the people that visit Francistownand Naun. I am sure that they all experience difficulties althou,,h theycome fromcloser at hand. That is all my request.ACTING RESIDENT CO1iISSIONER:Thank you, Mrs. oremi.KGOSI BATHOEN:Your Honour. At one time I was invited to attend the Francistown Show,but,throught ack of accommodation, I had to decline. Again, a proposal was made thata
certain meeting should be held in Francistown and because of lack ofaccommodation for Africans it could not be held. Some of us would liketoattend the Show at Francistown, but just because of lack of accommodation wecannot. The difficulties placed before us by the last speaker are quite genuine andeven though I live very far away from Francistown I enco-unter similardifficulties. We feel Government should consider accommodationfor Agricansnot only in a place like Francistown but at other places along the line.In thevillages we have got friends and relatives but when we get to Francistown,Palapye, Gaberones, even Lobatsi, there is no accommodation forus. I am notamending the motion of the last speaker but I am only enlarging on what she said.Now you take even the High Court here, Sir, witnesses have no accommodation.They have to use rooms provided for members of this Council which seem to beused to accommodate everyone. One wonders Your Honour, whether there aresufficient travellers between Maun and Francistown to warrant a building forthem, and there is nobody availble to know whether there are enough travellersthere, because there is no check. But if acoommodation was provided then itwould be known how many people use that particular building, during the monthor during the whole year. Therefore, Sir, I have sympathy for the remarks madeby the last speaker.VUR. 1. SEEGONA:Your Honour. The two speakers have coveredenough ground but I want to put something before Your Honour. Francistown isgrowing into a town. It is usedas a meeting place for school committees and the District Commissioner mayrequire Chiefs and Headmen of those districts to meet there. They have nowhereto stay. It becomes difficult to stay in the location on account of' the noise madeby the residents and their conduct. During the Prime Minister's visit, there was noplace where some of the people could be accommodated. I feel that ifGovernment can consider putting up a building such as we asked forit should bevery useful because that place would be well looked after and it would beclean. I thank you, Your Honour.MR. T. TSHEKO:Your Honour. The matter has been covered by the previous speakers. I suggestthat if such a building can be -)ut up, it should be placed at a convenient placewhere it can be looked after. It should not be like the station waiting rooms, whereeverybody goes in. Nobody should go in unless the District Commissioner knows.We would look after/....
-85after it well since it would be well built and costly. We ask for rest rooms onwhich Government will spend small sums of money to put up. In 1953 when wewere in Dar-es-Salaam we were accomnodated in buildings which thatGovernment put up for visitor= They were ordinary grass rondavels. One doesnot think much of them looking at them from outside, but when you enter one ofthem you find that they have got, say, two rooms or a sitting room and soon. In
this country there is a lot of grass which could be used. There are lots of mopanitrees. There is a lot of soil to make bricks. That is all we ask for, YourHonour.ACTING RESIDENT COU'IISSIONER:Thank you. Mr. Rutherford, would you like to speak?DIVISIONAL COMMISSIONER NORTH:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman, Council. I must agree with Mrs. Moremi that theproblem is a real one and I feel a grave one. It applies to the members comingdown from Ngamiland and to a lesser extent to the members from the Tati AfricanReserve, The Tati Federal Tribes have considered the question ofthe erection of aCouncil hall in the Francistown location and one of these days they hope to havesuch a building. The question of accommodation for councillors from the Tatiwould arise. Your Honour, if I my go beyond the council's requirements sineFrancistown is the railhead for Ngamiland and Ghanzi we often have difficultyproviding accommodation for Government employees travelling between railheadand these outside areas. On the question of siting, Mr. Sekgoma mentioned theGovernment camp and it is not for me to say what Government's intentions aregoing to be, but it has I believe, been suggested that any accommodation which isprovided might be provided where the Council hall is situated. Perhaps at thisstage, Your Honour might like to find out from councillors, in the event ofaccommodation being provided, where they recommend that it be situated. If theDistrict Commissioner Francistown is to be responsible for its maintenance, I canonly ask that it should not be situated in the Location where thetribal council hall may be.ACTING RESIDENT COMISSIONER:Would abybody like to speak on the siting?MR. T. TSHEKO:Your Honour and Council. I agree with Mr.Sekgoma, that these houses should be built at the camp. I fear that if they are builtat the location especially that it is moved now, no good can be derived from it andthey will be found to be in a very bad state. If one were in Francistown and wentto the Recreation hall one will find the windows of that hall in a very terriblestate, They are torn and broken because people go there drunk.In the location, people who have nowhere to put up will break the doors of housesand accommodate themselves in there. I feel that that woul4hot be the properplace for this building.Kgosi Bathoen/...
-86KGOSI BATHOEN:Your Honour, actually, there should be two such buildings one for the officials ofthe Tati African Administration which would be near their Council Chamber, andthe other for travelling officials which should be in the Government camp. Itwould not be right for Mohumagadi Moremi and others who go to Francistown toexperience inconvenience in finding their quarters occupied by TatiTribalOfficials, who would naturally find it difficult to refuse accommodation to them.
That is why there should be two separate buildirs to serve people atFrancistown.The maintenance shouldalso be considered, that for the Tati Councillors quarters should be maintained bythe Treasury, and that for travellers like the Batawana, or African officials on dutyor strangers to Francistown, like myself, should be maintained by Government.After all the cost of maintenance will not be great. I am glad that what has beenmentioned by Mr. Tsheko is known to Mr. Germond, about such accommodationin Dar-es-Salaam. All it needs is for somebody to see that cobwebs do not gatherthere often. If anybody spends a night or two there, the following day the cobwebswill be swept out, and the room left in a good state for the next person.ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:Mohumagadi?M0HU1'GADI hO.REMI:The Divisional Commissioner wqnted to know the siting of the place (of thehouse). There is nothing we require at Francistown. We are there as passers-byonly on duty. It is not necessary that such a guest house should be built in thevillage, but it should be built in the camp, where it is very quiet. From Maun toFrancistown takes many hours. In winter the road is very dusty. Everybody after a16-hour journey wants to have a wash and a rest. If such a house is built in thelocation, or in the village at Francistown, there will be some difficulty, because itis there for everybody to use. It would be in the same bad state as the quartersbuilt at Mafeking; it was said to be for councillors only, but later on nobody couldhave a bath inside such dirty bathrooms. I am glad to note that the authorities willconsider providing for such a guest house.I thank you, Your Honour.ACTING RESIDENT COMMIISSIONER:Well, Mr. Chairman and Council. There is very little for me to say, except that Iunderstand the i osition very clearly. This amenity is a much needed one and onewhich we must do our best to provide at the earliest opportunity. Fromthegeneral aspect I hope it will not be long before difficulties such asthis will ceaseto exist in these towns. Mr. Chairman, I think we ought to adjourn now.Mohumagadi and I have a long meeting ahead of us. What time would suit inthe morning. Half-past nine? We will adjourn until half-past nine tomorrow.(Council adjourned at 5.45 p.m. on Wednesday 1st June. ) Council/....
-87(Council resumed at 9.30 a.m. onThursday 2nd June.)ACTING RESIDENT COIMISSIONER:The next item we have, Mr. Chairman, is No.9 "That the quota of high velocity rifles be increased." Would it beconvenient totake that one?KGOSI BATHOEN:Yes, Your Honour.ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:
The mover is Mr. R. Kgamane.MR. RASEBOLAI KGAMANE:Your Honour, I move that the motion be discussed in this Council.MR. G.D. MAROBELA:I second, Your Honour.MR. R. KGAMANE:I introduced this Motion, Your Honour, in order that we should puta requestbefore you. Our request is that we require more rifles in the Bamangwato,although it does not affect the Bamangwato alone. This request affects all thetribes in the Bechuanaland Protectorate. The present quota restriction does nothelp us very much in some parts of the territory. I can mention those various partslike the Batawana Reserve, the Bamangwato Reserve, the BakgatlaReserve, theBakwena Reserve and the Bangwaketse Reserve. I will explain why I mentionthese various reserves. In Ngamiland they are allowed a quote of three highvelocity rifles per year only. There are many things that worrythem in respect oftheir property. There are lion, buffaloe, hippopotami, crocodiles. All theseanimals are dangerous and I do not see how they can manage with onlytwo orthree rifles. per year to protect their livestock. In the Bamangwato Reserve thereare only twelve rifles allowed. The Bamangwato Reserve is a very widereserveand twelve rifles are not enough. There are lion which destroy livestock, uponwhich we depend, and although there are 12 issued we distribute these riflesaccording to the various districts and there are four rifles short. Batswana aredependent on two things, Your Honour cattle and corn. As far as my knowledgegoes, I know that in the past we were troubled by elephants as far as ourcorn wasconcerned. Over and above the elephants now kudu also worry us. Kudu arehelped by wildebeeste and the wildebeeste are assisted by ostriches.I heard thismorning that springbok also eat corn. The rifles which we buy freely are theMartini Henri and the shotgun. With a shortgun you cannot shoot springbok whenthey are not close to you. With a Martini rifle you might shoot one round andthen the cartridge would not come out. I do not know what led the Governmentto restrain the buying of rifles as it was before. I do not know whether theGovernment feared that we might attack it with rifles. I am sure the Governmentis also aware/.......
-88aware that we are a peaceful nation. We are not warlike. We want these riflessolely to protect ourselves and our livestock. I am sure no one will say, as far asmy district is concerned, that we have enough of these high velocityrifles, Ourrequest is that the quota should be increased. We wish the Governmentto increasethe amount we are allowed at present. If one sees a rifle which is owned by oneof the traders and which is his private property, one cannot buy it. I am sure thatin the old days you could buy that rifle and it was not counted as part of the quota.We should be allowed to buy those freely as we were before. There are certainrifles also confiscated from poachers; could they not, be sold in the area wherethey are confiscated? We have great need for rifles and our District
Commissioner's can witness that we protect our livestock with them. Althoughthere may appear to be many rifles in each district, most are old rifles which wereused by our fathers in the olden days. We have no good rifles at present to usegainst vermin. If the quota could be increased, Your Honour, I repeat the requestthat we should also be allowed to buy rifles from the Europeans with whom westay, because those have already been introduced in the territory, and are notimported from outside. They have already been registered in Government recordsand it is known that so and so owns such a rifle. Even the poachers - weshould beallowed to buy their rifles.ACTING RESIDENT COMISSIONER:Thank you. Would you like to speak Mr. Marobela.MR. G.D. AROBELA:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman and Council. This question is a very importantquestion in the whole Protectorate. It is pleasing that we say this before officialswho know our country. The villages from Tonota up to Mookane numberover50, on the east of the railway line. Considering the fact that children are beingborn and are growing up and considering the fact that the allocationfor rifles isonly 12, it would appear it is not very useful to the tribe. The lion are manybetween the Shashi and Macloutsie rivers. Some of the men there were huntinglion, but they did not have rifles with which to shoot them. After catching themwith a trap they left them there for days buning in the sun because they could notattack them otherwisew They borrowed my rifle. I lent it to them, because it isuseful also for the help of our cattle there. This person about whomI amspeaking, is on the list of people who are intended to be allotted with a rifle. Forabout six years his name was on the list. The only thing that he is not neglectedbut that the names are very many and we have not come down to his name. 1 amgiving this as an illustration. Your Honour, we will appreciate it very muchindeed if Government could explain why we should not have rifles to help us.Perhaps we keep on pressing the Government asking for this and yettheGovernment is probably afraid that it cannot rely on us, for somereason, forgiving us rifles. If we could know for what reason we could answer and say thatwe can never do what it is feared we may do. I am very glad that amongourofficials/ ......
-89officialsthere are those who have been with us for a long time. Those who knowthat there have been disturbances in the Protectorate, have never seen any of thepeople in the Protectorate, in spite of any disturbance, having an intention ofusing an arm. Because the Batswana are people who know the word of the Chiefto be law. I am proud to say this because I know my fathers here knowof thesethings personally themselves. Could Government give an explanation of the fearthey have why we should not be allotted more rifles? This explanation will easeour minds because at present we are very worred about what is happening.ACTING RESIDENT COIqUSSIONER:Mr. Peto Sekgoma.
MR. PETO SEKGOMA:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman, Chiefs, andGovernment officials. I have not much to say. There is one thing that Iwould liketo mention. During these recent times lions have increased more than ever. Theyare :illed in our very homes. What I would ask is that the law should be lessstrictin certain respects. The law says that if a rifle happens to be mine I shouldnotleave it at the cattle post. It is known very well that the owner of a cattle postspends most of his time at home; especially during this hard time of droughtbecause cattle move from one place to another where ever there is grass. It isdifficult for the owner of the rifle to take the rifle to the cattle post and to leave itwith his herd boy because he will be arrested. I am asking for this tobe relaxed asfar as we are concerned so that the herd boys of the owner of the cattle postshould keep the rifle. Lately my property was attacked by wild dogs and becauseof having no rifle at the cattle post I suffered a loss. My rifle was there at homebut it was not d the cattle post. In the old days if one saw a rifle in a catalogue onecould go to the District Commissioner and ask for an import permit. These daysyou have to go through the ordered way of being put down on the quota list. Thisis all I wanted to say, Your Honour.MR. G.S. MOSINYI:Your Honour. I will not speak at length. I would like to mention what has beenleft out by my colleagues. I want to put it with due respect as a humble person.Most of us in the Bamangwato Reserve are in need of high velocity rifles. Myrequest is that if a man has an old rifle he be allowed to take it to the DistrictCommissioner and buy a new one in its place. That would not add to the numberof the rifles owned. The authorities could take away the old one if theywanted to.That then would make it possible for old rifles which are in need of repair to bereplaced by new ones. When you send your rifle to have a new barrelit is taken asa new rifle. In most cases the butt of the rifle is old and has been eatenby whiteants. I view this matter as being very important, Your Honour. I take it that thetotal number allowed to be imported in the territory are only 24 or 25, and theBamangwato are only allowed 12 rifles. The Bakwena, BangwaketseandBatawana, are allowed three each and the Bakgatla two, and/....
-90and. the Batlokwa and the Bamalete, one each. I am of the opinion that this quotais not enough, Your Honour. We live in a country which teams with vermin andthings that spoil our corn and cattle. They attack humans as well. When you go tokill a lion with an old rifle, that is a very dangerous undertaking. Evenwhen anelephant is in your lands, when you go to shoot at it with an old rifle, itis adangerous thing. I request Your Honour, that high velocity rifles be increased. Ifthe quota is not increased we should be allowed to replace the old ones, we have,by new ones. That is my request Your Honour.MR. T. TSHEKO:Your Honour. I am aware that the complaint in connection with the rifles is thesame, because the quota that is allocated to the tribes is not sufficient for every
tribe. I request that the rifles possessed by Europeans in the territory should bebought by Africans. I forget up to what year we used to be allowed to buy theserifles without including them in the quota. In my district Chiefs did notexperience much difficulty. Rifles owned by Europeans, (I do notmean rifles thatare in the stores for sale, I mean their personal property), havealready beenregistered and they are in Government records and they are already in theterritory. I am of the opinion that if that can be arranged the Chiefs would bemore easily able to distribute rifles. As far as the three rifles which areallocatedto the Batawana Reserve are concerned, the District Commissionerswho havebeen in Maun know very well that those are very very little. Beforewe camedown with the Regent, we looked at the names of the Africans who are asking tobe allowed to buy high velocity rifles. They were 40 in numbez. According to myexperience, as I have beenorking in the Tribal office, five or tenother peopleapply every year. Thus the list of applicants increases every yearand the Regentdoes not know now how to deal with the situation. I remember that the Headmanfrom Gomare mentioned that he had heard that there were some rifles allocated tothe Batawana but for a period of four years nobody in his area had ever bought asingle of those rifles. The people wanted to know as to whether they were not theChief's subjects. It was not because the Regent had forgotten about them but itwas because of earlier applications made even during the days ofChief Moremi.That is all.MR. M. SEKGOIIA:Your Honour. There is something that I would like to point out to, Your Honour,to show the great necessity for these rifles. There is one store wherea rifle, theprice of which, we did not expect to be what it is now. It is a muzzle loader. Itcosts £25. A sort of arm nobody would dream to buy these days. Even if I couldbe given Z25 now I would go and buy it. May this request be given a hearing,Your Honour. We, Africans bty rifles to protect stock. Some Europeans buy riflesin order that they may show that they know how to shoot. People of othercolourare given them to buy freely. We request that, if a European wishes to dispose ofhis arm, it should not be included in the list of rifles allotted to that area. Such aperson cannot sell two or three rifles in a year because he knows Government willnot give/ .....
-91give him the permits to buy another one. Finally, Your Honour, I thank theGovernment for allowing us a 100 rounds, we used to be given 50 rounds only. Ithank you, Your Honour.MR. B. PILANE:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman, members of Council. This motion put forward byChief Rasebolai of the Bamangwato is common to us all. It is not the first timethis motion has been put before this Council. All that has been said nowis whatwas said in the previous Council meetings. When this matter should havebeendealt with again a proclamation came out to say that rifles will haveto be re-registered. I want to put forward an idea, Your Honour. Some rifles which will
be re-registered are useless rifles to the owners, and after holding arms which arein bad repair they still wish to keep them unless they can get other ones.Myrequest is that before arms are re-registered, those rifles which axe not of any use,should be handed over to the Government and that the owners should be allowedto buy new ones, so that when registration takes place all the good rifles which areuseful to the owners should be registered and those which are no goodto thepeople should not be registered. It will not be increasing the number of rifles inthe territory. Consideration to increase the quota should be made when new goodrifles have been registered. That is all, Your Honour.KGOSI BATHOEN:We are allowed to possess arms in the Bechuanaland Protectorate andrecently theGovernment does not allow the importation of new rifles such as.303's and .22's,nor can those two arms be re-barrelled. What will be the position with these rifleswhich are out of order now? Should we have them re-barrelled or should be havethem registered in the present unusuable condition?ACTING RESIDENT COThQISSIONER:Mr. Germond, would you give your views on this motion?DIVISIONAL COMMISSIONER SOUT[I:I do not intend to talk about the control ofrifles because I might repeat something which has already been said in thiscouncil. The control of rifles does not lie entirely in the hands ofthis Government.It is a control which is regulated by an international arms convention.WhenGovernment considers this matter they have to bear in mind the existence of thatconvention. What I am going to do is to make a few suggestions which might behelpful to you, Sir, and also to members of Council. We are going to have a newproclamatLon with new regulations. We are going to re-register rifles, all arms,and I suggest that when that is being done it would be a good time then, forGovernment to re-examine the question of arms control in Bechuanaland. In thelight of the conditions of the arms which will be produced for registration, it maywell be found that a number of those high velocity arms are useless and it mightthen be possible for Government to consider whether the holde of such/.....
-92-such arms, which have been declared unfit for use, would not be allowed to havea permit to purchase a new arm. It would have to be an exchange of high velocityrifles for new ones, not of hartini Henris 2r High Velocity rifles. I suggest that thetime to do that would be when we begin to register the arms, not beforethat,otherwise we really would be doing the work twice over. But as the problem is anurgent one, I put it to you, Sir, for consideration that yo~ight like to think aboutthe propositions which I have put here. I also suggest that Government mightconsider whether permission could be given to persons, to have their armsrepaired or reconditioned since that would not in any way increasethe presentquota of rifles which exist in the territory. Also it might be possible for theGameRanger to be able to be called by a District Commission on the applicationof thepeople of any district to exterminate lion, which might be worrying the people at
the cattle posts, not only lion but wolves and wild dogs. This has beendone in abig way in Central Africa and it is one of the duties of the Game Rangerto be atthe disposal of the public to exterminate vermin which feeds on and destroys theproperty of the public. It might be a new thing here, but I assure you it has beendone very efficientr in certain parts of Africa. I suggest that itmight besomething to think about. In the meantime I shall be waiting for the promulgationof this law, after which we will be able to consider this proposition of having newrifles in exchange for old ones. I am very interestel to learn thatit is still possibleto buy muzzleloaders. I am a great admirer of the muzzle-loader, andif I knewwhere to buy one I would go and purchase one myself, because they are certainlyvery efficient rifles, at close range. I do not think that Government would havemuch objection. We find it very difficult to give permits for the purchase ofmuzzle-loaders.ACTING RESIDENT COM IISSIONER:Thank you very much, Mr. Germond. Mr. Rutherford, would you liketo commenton the suggestion about the Game Ranger; since you are closely associated withhim in Francistown.DIVISIONAL CON0MISSIONIER NORTH:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman. I feel that theplan put up by Mr. Germond about obtaining the services of the Game Ranger is avery good one. I see no reason why the Game Ranger should not visit thesedistricts where lion are troublesome. There was one point I think referred to by 1r.Peto Sekgoma in which he referred to the difficulty of leaving his rifle at his cattlepost. I have not got the law with me at present but I think the law provides for anowner to leave his rifle with a male descendant or his servant. Thus the difficultyraised by Mr. Sekgoma is not a real one. If there is trouble in any ofthe districts,and if the District Commissioners concerned communicate with me I couldarrange for the Game Ranger to visit the area in which vermin is beingtroublesome.ACTING RESIDENT COI1TIISSIONER:Mr. Matthews, could you tell us how this quota in/ .....
-93is interpreted as regards rebarrelling of existing rifles? If a rifle is sent away fora new barrel is it regarded as counting against the annual quota?DISTRICT COM1ISSIONER LOBATSI:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman# As the law stands, and as I have read it, ifa personowns a modern rifle other than a .303 and .22 and the barrel becomes worn out orthe arm goes wrong that it. may be repaired or rebarrelled, this does not countagainst the quota because it is an arm already registered. But it mustbe an armother than a .303 and .22. Those .303's or .22's that were already inthe territorycould be maintained but there is no provision in the law for them tobe rebarrelled altogether. A .303 or .22 barrel may not be imported into theterritory. The repairing of any other rifle is not counted against thequota.ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:
Thank you, Mr. Matthews. That is how I understood the position. I would like theActing Government Secretary now to giTe his views on this.ACTING GOVERMIDNT SECRETARY:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman and Council. I have little to add. I would endorse theviews that have come from Council and their description of existingcircumstances, and what Mr. Germond and other officers have said.The newarms registry should give us a complete picture of where the arms are held. Buteven there, a difficulty which we have been up against, will remain. We will notknow how many of those arms are in fact not used at all. Also there willbe manyarms held by elder men who at one time needed them for the protectionof theircattle but now live in a central village where good arms are kept without beingused. So that it is hard at any time to estimate how many arms are really beingused for the protection of property. It might be that' the mover ofthis motion,Mr. Kgamane, in replying, would have some idea of how headmen in each areawould know how many of the registered arms are not in fact defective arms. Theneed for protection in the cattle areas is certainly there and the object of the quotais that a sufficient number of rifles should be in those areas for that protection.But of course once a man has a rifle, even when he moves from that area, he stillwants to keep his rifle even if he does not use it more than once in two orthreeyears. A rifle is a very dangerous weapon and it is only right that itshould be usedonly by responsible people and those who know what they are doing.That appliesto all people, Europeans included. There is the other point that there can beirresponsible use of the rifle by destroying one of the assets of the country - game.There is a certain balance of shooting for food and keeping game under controland for protecting grazing which is really needed from herds of buffalo andwildebeest, but there is also the destructiveness which one findsequally amongirresponsible people of killing when they see the game and trying to kill as manyas they can. That brings me to the inquiry which Kgosi Bathoen made onwhich Iam afraid I am unable to give a full reply. Where a rifle is cheap and theammunition/ .....
-94-ammunition is cheap, as is the case with .303's and .22's for example, and whenthese get into irresponsible hands then game, whioh is doing no harm can bedestroyed beyond the natural needs of food. It has been Government's policy forsome years, Sir, to prohibit the import into the Territory by Europeans of .22's and.303's. I raise this point of responsibility, Sir, because the question of theincreased possession of arms alsoaffects the control of the game in those areas.Some game has to be kept down in the interests of their cattle rearing industry.Other game has to be looked after to some extent as a national asset. There is nomore for me to add, Sir, except to state that it is time tat this whole matterof t'leneeds of high velocity arms and Government's ability to satisfythose needs werereviewed.ACTING RESIDENT COVUISSIONER:Thank you, Mr. Bent. Mr. Kgamane would you like to reply?
Iva. R. KGIVIANE:Your Honour. I have to reply to certain remakrs made by certainspeakers. First,Mr. Germond wants to know where he can get a muzzle-loader. He can get itfrom Bailey's at Palapaye. It cost £25. I do not know the price of caps and lead!As for the question of the Game Ranger I feel it will be difficult for himto chaseafter lion and elephants and wild dogs wherever they are. Say lion attacked todayat Mookane and then later in the Batawana, when will he catch them, becausethey also move; they do not stop. He has been with us three years now,and Iwould like Government to tell me how many elephant have been killed that hecame here to kill. What I know is that he has made a cattle post of them betweenneruli and i adinare. They increase more and more because he protects them. Thatwe were obeying the instructions of the Government officials thatwe should notshoot them and we just leave them there where they are. It may be when Mr.Rutherford gets to Francistown he will get a report from the DistrictCommissioner who has been to Madinare. He will hear about these elephantswhich the Game Ranger is collecting together. At Seruli these elephants are beingcollectcd, and there are some that eat corn at Tonota. They eat it also at hadinare.The same person who has collected elephants, would he not similarly collect lion?The Protectorate is a very large country; how will he manage to kill lions atMookane when he is at Kasane? In the Madinare side of the cotuitry somepeople expected to realise some little crop but the elephant have cleaned out tieircorn. We do not know where they are. I object to the duties of the Game Ranger,Your Honour. We have some evidence of the work he has done. I wouldlike toknow how many elephants he has killed today. At the beginming of this year alion bit a man at the cattle post. It came straight into the cattle post. It turned backand bit a man there and they all looked at it. At Bobonongthere is no telephone to call for the Game Ranger. Government should make otherarrangements to help us, while the Game Ranger is still learning about themovements of elephant. These rifles about which we speak - the rifleswhich canbe rebarrelled - could Government/ .....
-95Government tell us where they could be repaired? It may be that we maybeallowed to repair them but where can they be repaired? I remember mention wasmade in the last council that some rifles were taken away from a man whohadagreed to repair them. There were probably 50. They were confiscated and noneof them were given back to the owners. Not only those but others weretaken fromsome person at Serowe who also had them for repairing and the police took thosefrom him and destroyed them. I do not know where the difficulty lies inincreasing the number of rifles.ACTING RESIDENT CODD-ISSIONER:Mr. Chairman, Gentlemen. As has been said,this is not the first time this matter has been debated in Council. It is a realproblem, and I would like to say at the outset that I do not question your motivesyour motives are not in doubt at all. I know that there is, a very real need for
means of protecting cattle owners and owners of land against attacks by lion andother vermin, and the simplest thing of course would be simply to allowa freesupply of arms and ammunition. But it is not as easy as that. Thereareinternational obligations that Government's have to honour and Ido not think inany state in the world are people allowed to acquire firearms freely.As I saidearlier on, I am not questioning your motives, and we know the record of theBechuana. We know they are a trustworthy people but we are surrounded bypeople, who are perhaps a little different and with the state of tension that exists insome of the surrounding territories it would be wrong of us to disregard ourobligations. I do not think I need say more about that. I think you will understandwhat I mean.Now we have been told about the registration of arms which is imminent. Itwould be very helpful in considering this problem to know exactly whatnumberof firearms there are in the country, the types and the condition that they are in.There has been one suggestion made which I think must be considered verycarefully and that is whether when a rifle is worn out it could notsimply be exchanged for a new one and not count against the quota.That is aproposal that must be very carefully considered. However I hope that for the sakeof putting this matter in proper order that you will co-operate in the newregistration of arms which is to take place so that we can get to grips withtheproblem as soon as possible. I was very unhappy to hear about the elephantposition in the Bamangwato district and I propose to ask the DivisionalCommissioner in the North to investigate the position and to let me have a fullreport. I do not think I can go any further than that at the moment but Icanassure you that we will go into this matter very carefully and try to bring relief tothe people as soon as possible. Thank you.Shall we adjourn for tea, Mr. Chairman?(Council adjourned at 10.45 a.m.)(Council resumed at 11.15 a.m.)Acting/ .....
-96ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:The next item on the agenda is No. 15. It stands in the name of Kgosi Bathoen.KGOSI BATHOENShall we take No. 5, Your Honour?ACTING RESIDENT COISSIONER:It is just ao you like, but Mr. Gardiner has arrived and the idea was that his itemwould be last, then you could carry straight on with the meeting of the B.S.B.F.which he is handling on behalf of the Welfare Officer, but it is as you like.KGOSI BATHOEN:Your Honour. "That the Trading Proclamation be considered (Proclamation No.80 of 1956)". I move.MR. K. R. BONiE:I second Your Honour.KGOSI BATHOEN:
Your Honour, this is a difficult Proclamation which I feel may not be adequatelydealt with by the members at present. This was evidenced by the fact that therewas some silence before it was seconded. I therefore propose to approach thesubject from a different angle. I think that to discuss this motionmowwould take a long time, and with your permission Your Honour, Isuggestthat this matter be referred to the Standing Committee of this Council, where thesections of the law can be examined in minute detail.ACTING RESIDENT COMISSICNER:Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I think this is a very wise suggestion. This TradingProclamation is very intricate and I think it would be unwise to make hastydecisions, and amendments and then find that the law still is not suitable, May Itake it that we have Council's permission to refer this to the Standing Committeeof this Council, and that the Standing Committee will have a mandate tosee thematter through? Thank you, Mr. Chairman.The next and last item on the agenda is Motion No. 5 - "That Government beasked to take over all postprimary education" Moved by Mr. Linchwe.MR. M. LINCHWE:Your Honour. I move that this matter be discussed in Council.KGOSI TIOKGOSI:I second that Your Honour.MR. M. LINCHWE:Your Honour, before I discuss this item, I want to/...
-97to put an explanation before the Chiefs. Some of them are connected witheducation and I do not despise any control that has been exercisedby the Chiefswhen I request that Government should take over primary education. I requestCovernment and. the Education Department, because we are not financially selfsupporting in the Protectorate. I am sure that our District Commissioners whosupervise our treasuries, know that we are unable in many cases to employ highlyqualified teachers because the treasuries areAot rich enough. Isay, before theResident Commissioner and my Chiefs, that the progress of the Protectoratedepends upon thenumber of educated people that would be found in the Territory. Alldepartmentsin the territory, starting with the Veterinary Department, Agriculture, PublicWorks, etc., all depend upon the Education Department. The Director of MedicalServices has certain ideas on many things and he requires somebody withknowledge, who has been educated. The Director of Agriculture in the samemanner also would like to train his people, but they should have been educatedfirst and have gained knowledge from their classroom. The Director of Educationcan witness that certain schools, except the post primary, as I havementioned,require qualified teachers. Although I have spoken about post primary education,I put it to the Director of Education that even the schools that are in existenceneed assistance and more qualified teachers should be employed. Even if it is theintention of the tribe to employ qualified teachers they cannot do so due tolack of
funds. That is what caused me to place this request before His Honour. I thankyou, Your Honour.KGOSI MOKGOSI:Your Honour and Council. I associate myself with the last speaker's remarks. Thecost of education is becoming more and more expensive. Sometimesit hasbecome very difficult to carry on with educational work. Qualifiedteachei arerequired while salaries are becoming higher and higher. The Children are nowentering schools in large numbers so that it has become difficult forus to put upbuildings and to payteachers. I do not say that Government shouldonly help postprimary education but I feel that Government should give help in the wholeeducational field. Although we are quite happy that Government isdoing all itcan, would Government not take a greater part in helping the tribes in education. Ihave put this request to you before, Your Honour. I am sure you know mydifficulties at my own home as you know the difficulties appertaining in otherparts of the territory. Some people in our part of the country have not been verykeen in education. Their minds have been influenced by past customs and led bythings other than education. But these things are becoming antiquated.UnlessGovernment gives me help I am afraid I will be quite unable to do anything ineducation. The Batlokwa and the Bakgatla are in the same predicament as I am,and I believe even the other tribes are experiencing these difficulties. I will notbe making a mistake in saying that they may be in greater difficulties becausethey are so many in number. The expenditure on education is much bigger thanexpenditure on other items. I thank you, -our Honour.Kgosi/....
-98-KGOSI BATHOEN:It might be helpful, Your Honour, if it is at all possible that we are informed aboutthe mission of Mr. Rusbridger and to know whether it just concerns teachers'salaries or the whole field of education in the Bechuanaland Protectorate.DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION:Your Honour, Chairman and members of Council.Before replying to the Motion I should like to give sone information required byKgosi Bathoen. The terms of reference of the recent Rusbridger missionconcerned teachers' salaries basically. It will be realised that any increase inteachers' salaries may require further assistance from Government towards tribaltreasuries. It will also be realised that if the British Treasury gives us furthermoney it must ensure that the money is properly spent on education and that valuefor the money will be received. Consequently it is anticiapted that the terms of thereport will go beyond a simple statement of increased teachers' salaries and willoffer certain recommendations concerning the control of education generally. Themoney we imagine will be given under certain conditions, and these conditionsmay affect to some extent the relative influence of the tribe and Government oneducational control. I have no doubt that when the report of the commission is
published Government and members of this Council will meet to discussnecessary ways and means of meeting the reqouirements.ACTING RESIDENT CONIISSIONER:Thank you, Mr. Gardiner. In continuation of what Mr. Gardiner has said, it isexpected that the Rusbridger report will be published in the very nearfuture, andit is then my intention to call the Standing Committee of this Council together,enlarged by the Chiefs, to consider the proposals and to make recommendationsas to which of these we accept and which we reject) if any. Is that the informationthat you wanted, Kgosi Bathoen?KGOSI BATiOEN:Yes, Your Honour. That is the informationYour Honour. I wondered whether it is profitable to try and discussthis matter,because the motion as it stands is in the form of a request, in connectionwith theexpenses paid by the Tribal Treasuries for the salaries of teachers. Thecommission has looked into that and we await its report later.ACTING RESIDENT COM11ISSIONER:Yes, Mr. Chairman, as you say its very largely financial, this question. Do youwant to speak on themotion, Mr. Mpotokwane?MR. F1. MPOTOKWANE:Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen. I thank Mr. Chairman for the question which hehas been asking. It was my intention to say as the Chairman has said, that, afterhearing/....
-99hearing the Director of Education speak to discuss this matter now would be likemilking a cow before the calf has sucked, when it would not yield enough milk. Iask that in the meantime we leave this matter over until we receive the report.ACTING RESIDENT CO SSIO.R:Is the mover of the motion agreeable to that?12. L. LINCHWE:I am agreeable, Sir.ACTING RESIDENT COH11ISSIONER:I think it will be helpful, though, if Mr.Gardiner just made a few more remarks on this question, for information ofCouncil.DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION:Your Honour, Mr. Chairman and members of Council. In connectionwith themotion as set out in the agenda, there are the following post primaryinstitutions:ATeacher Training College which is entirelyGovernment financed and controlled,Moeng College which is entirely Governmentfinanced but is controlled by a fullyindependent Council, and which works incomplete harmony with Government, and
St. Joseph's College which is, as you know,mission owned but which is subsidised byGovernment on the basis of teachers'salaries.We have planned a new technical school at Gaberones, which will be entirelyGovernment financed and controlled. The London Missionary Society is about toerect a secondary school at Ootsi, which will be Government subsidised in exactlythe same fashion as St. Joseph's Mission is at Khale. The Church of Englandproposes to erect a secondary day school at Serowe, which will also be financedin the same fashion by Government subsidy. In post primary education, there arealso three tribal junior secondary schools which may become secondary schools. Iam quite sure this Council will not ask us to take over any of the missioninstitutions or Moeng. Thus the motion as put refers only to the three juniorsecondary tribal day schools, which at the moment are financed by tribaltreasuries. That being the case, the motion depends on what recommendationswill be made by Rusbridger and what assistance the tribes may further requirefinancially. Consequently your Chairman's suggestion that thisproposal be heldover until after the Rusbridger Report is published is a logical one, and I mustthank him for having so suggested.ACTING 13ESIDENT COM11ISSIONBR:Thank you, Mr. Gardiner. Are there any questions anybody wouldlike to ask theDirector?KGOSI KOKGOSI:What I would like to ask is whether there is any difficulty/...
-100-difficulty which may hinder the Government further assisting the tribes ineducation.DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION:Your Honour, as you have said, we anticipate the publication of the report in thevery near future, and it is not likely that the finances of any tribe willhavedeteriorated so badly in the Eaort time between now and then, that anyextraordinary measures are likely to be required now. I was not quite sure of whatthe question meant but I hope that is the answer which was required.KGOSI MOKGOSI:If this matter was considered before theforthcoming report was published would there have been anything to stop theGovernment taking over the entire educational system?ACTING RESIDENT COMMISSIONER:Kgosi Mokgosi, if you remember, last year we had a meeting which discussed thefinancial commitments of the tribal treasuries, their revenue and theircommitments and made recommendations regarding teachers' salaries. ThatCommittee worked very hard and finally produced these recommendations for theimprovement of teachers' salaries but pointed out that most of the tribal treasuriescould not afford to pay these increased salaries without some sort of assistance,
and Chiefs and finance committees were urged to explore new ways of raisingmoney to help implement the recommendations. It was at that stage that Mr.Rusbridger appeared on the scene and I would like members of that Committee toknow that their work was not in vain. Mr. Rusbridger found all the work that hadbeen done, extremely helpful to him. Now the position is that we are waiting forhis report and we will have to study what the cost of the proposals isgoing to beand how they can be implemented.DR. S. M. KOIBMA:May I wk a question, Your Honour? These are two separate questions. To whatextent does the Government subsidise or support St. Joseph's College atGaberones? Then also when is it envisaged that these three colleges will comeinto operation - the Trades College, the London Missionary Society College andthe Anglican School, and to what extent will the Government subsidise theseprospective colleges?DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION:Your Honour. The following are the answersrequired. The basis of subsidy of mission schools is on the salaries paid toteachers on an approved establishment. That is, if the Education Departmentdecides that St. Joseph's requires eight graduate teachers andfour non-graduateteachers, the subsidy for that year will be the total salaries of these approvedteachers. The same system will be applied to the London MissionarySociety'sstaff at Ootsi and presumably if the Churchof/. .. ..
-101of England so wishes, to the school at Serowe. That is the normal procedure forgiving subsidies as established in adjoining territories. Regarding thestage atwhich the new colleges are likely to be opened, I regret to inform Council thatthere has been some delay. Funds are available for both the LondonMissionarySociety College and for the Trade School. The reason for the hold-up was water,with a further complicating factor in the case of the London hissionary Societyschool, which is that the sale of Tiger Kloof to the Union Governmentwas heldup and although Government funds were available the London MissionarySociety did not then have the funds, The Trade School will be built atGaberonesand I understand that water from the Notwani scheme will be available at leastbefore the end of the year, and the Geological Department sunk a borehole at thesite at Ootsi, and I have been told that the water measured therewas something like 3,000 gallons per hour. I think I can safely saythat both theseinstitutions will be opened and conducted at the very beginning of 1962, if notbefore then. I am making a very conservative estimate here. The buildinn: of theAnglican Church at Serowe is not in Government hands, but from what I know ofthe Rev. Mr. Waldron's plans I think the same date will apply.ACTING RESIDENT CODIISSIONER:Thank you, Mr. Gardiner. That, Mr. Chairman, brings us to the end of our agenda.KGOSI BATHOEN:
Your Honour, before council adjourns, I wouldlike to make a closing address to Your Honour and Council. Your Honour, 1960is the turning point of this Council. This is its 40th session and also its 40thanniversary.Although in the near future this Council will be defunct and replaced by aLegislative Council it is not intended to dispense with its activities and itwill beused for other purposes. We have learned much in the last 40 years in thisCouncil. At times we could not see eye to eye with Government in certain thingsbut despite that we all worked amicably. As a matter of fact human nature beingwhat it is, it is natural that there should be differences of opinion. It is pleasing,Your Honour, to note that you and the other four colleagues that are here today,are our senior officers and, although I hesitate to say so, in the next five years youwill not be members of this Council. You will have retired. I feel I would befailing in my duty if I did not at this session of this Council, thank you for all theadvice and assistance you have given us. It is a strange coincidence, YourHonour, that the last meeting of this Council should be presided over by one ofthe older officials. (I am not in any way belittling our Resident Commissionerwho is away on leave, but it so happened that the President of the Council today isone with longer service in the Bechuanaland Protectorate). We havecome, Sir, tothe end of our deliberations today in the form of an Advisory Council. We aregreatly encouraged in looking fortrard to an elevated form of this Council and Ihope members will try and adapt themselves to the new form that is expected. Inthe past we have made a petition to Government about the change of theform ofthe African Advisory Council and we are pleased that/....
-102-that such a petition has been acceptable to the Government and it is left for us toadapt ourselves to the new reforms that are coming.I am sorry to have to say something which may not be pleasant. During thissession some of us were inclined not to confine our remarks to the motion as itappeared on the agenda. Well, we hope that has been a lesson which will not berepeated in the future. I am most thankful for all that has been debated today and Iwish especially to thank you, Your Honour, for the patience you have exercised,by taking us through our intricate deliberations so well and speedily.ACTING RESIDENT COE1ISSIONER:Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. Chairman, Chiefsand Members of Council. I think I can safely say that we have done someextremely useful work during this session and I for one am sure there are thosewho have learnt a lot from our debates. It was in 1934 that I first started sitting onthis Council and there are very few sessions that I have missed since then. I wouldlike to say how impressed I am with the ever improving standard of debate inCouncil. There are certain little refinements which we will have to learn beforewe sit in our Legislative Assembly but I am quite happy that those little thingswill very soon be learnt and that we will have a very efficient Legislative Council.It has been very encouraging to me to listen to some of the speeches at this
session. When Government was criticised it was not done in any mean,carping oroffensive way but it was done in a manner fearless but yet dignified, critical yetconstructive, with determination, but in a spirit of helpfulness and I thank you,Mr. Chairman, and all the members for the help you have given me and I am surethat everything we have done bodes well for our new Legislative Council. I wouldalso like to thank the Secretary for the efficient way in which he has carried outhis task, to the District Commissioner for all the local arrangements whichhe hasmade, and last but not least, the two interpreters who have carried outtheir verydifficult work with such efficiency. I hope, Gentlemen, that you will have a veryinteresting visit to the Ramathlabama Veterinary Investigational CentreandSchool. I myself found it absorbingly interesting and I am sure youwill find it so.It only remains for me to wish you goodbye and a safe journey home.Thank you.
I N D E X.Page.Accommodation for Councillors en routeto meetings. ....... ...... ..... 83Address by His Honour the Resident Commissioner 1Address by the C! airman ..... ........... 101African niigration .... ............. . 20Agenda .... . . . . ... . ........... .....illAznexure to His Honour s Address ... ....... (xvi) Amendment to AfricanI,:migration Proclamation 28Butcheries (inspection of meat) .......... 42Cells for insane persons .............. ... 51Chairman's address ....... .............. 101Continuity of policy .... .............. 78Deaths of notable persons .... ......... 1&llDecimalisation of currency .............. 11Dismaasal of nurses .... ........... ... 58Dispensaries in Kweneng . . . . ....... ... 62Education, post primary .. ........... ... 96Handing over certificates .. .......... ... 78Health and Sanitary Inspectors .......... ... 42High velocity rifles ... ............. .... 87Hospitals in Kweneng ................ .... 62Introduction of visitors from Swaziland . . . 16Insane persons' accommodation ......... ... 51Insurance of motor vehicles .......... ... 72Lunatics ...... ................... .... 51Meat inspection .... ............... ... 42Medical facilities in Kweneng ......... .... 62Members of Council present ...... ........ (i) & (ii)Mental patients accommodation ........ ... 51Motions submitted for Agenda. .. . . . (v)
Motor vehicles plying for hire ........ ... 67Notes on motions for Agenda .... ........ ()Nurses (dismissal for pregnancy) .......... 58Papers tabled ....... ............ ..O10Passengers on motor vehicles. ......67Plying for hire (motor vehicles) ....... ... 67Post primary Education ..... ....... .... 96Pregnancy (dismissal of nurses) ....... . 58Progress Report ........ ............. (vii)Public Health (Meat inspection) ....... . 42Questions and Answers.... ... ........... (xliv)Quota of high velocity rifles .. ......... 87Railway fence at Artesia . ......... . 76Ramathlabama Veterinary School ......... ... 36Resident Commissioner's Address ... ....... 1Rest house in Francistown ........... 83Rifles, high velocity (import quotas) . 87Swearing in new member .................. ..10Tabling of papers .... .............. ..O10Trading Proclamation. .. . . .. ........... 96Training of Veterinary Students .. . ....36Vehicles plying for hire .............. ... 67Veterinary Student training ............ 36
