+ All Categories
Home > Documents > Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of...

Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of...

Date post: 23-Jan-2021
Category:
Upload: others
View: 1 times
Download: 0 times
Share this document with a friend
23
Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea Eliade's birth, Professor Michel Gardez of the University of Ottawa and I co-edited a special issue of the journal Religion that will be published in December 2008. My article is entitl ed "Prologue: Encounters with Mircea Eliade and His Legacy for the Twenty-First Centur y." In my study, I suggest what my encounters with Eliade reveal about Eliade, his scholarship, and especia ll y about his legacy. By delineating and analyzing encounters that were remarkable, disturbing, complex and contradictory, we may assess both strengths and weaknesses in Eliade's history and phenomenology of religion and what rema ins in Eliade's legacy that may be of value for the contemporary st ud y of religion . After describing my first remarkabl e encounter with Eliade, I shall briefly present what I consider to be the most impor tant feature s of Eliade's approach to the st udy of religion. I' ll then consider Eliade's influence, noting how it has sha rpl y declined from what it was from the 1950s through the 1970s, and I' ll submit that his approach still has mu ch to contribut e to our study of religion. Finall y, I' ll conclude with a critical assessment of Eliade's legacy. The First Remarkable E ncounter I wou ld like to begin by shar i ng my first remarkable encounter with Eliade si nce it reveals so much of what was best about Eliade the human being and * Professo r. Universi ty of Maine
Transcript
Page 1: Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea

Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m

the Twenty-First Century

Douglas Allen'

To mark the centennial of Mircea Eliade's birth, Professor Michel Gardez of

the University of Ottawa and I co-edited a special issue of the journal Religion

that will be published in December 2008. My article is entitled "Prologue:

Encounters with Mircea Eliade and His Legacy for the Twenty-First Century."

In my study, I suggest what my encounters with Eliade reveal about Eliade,

his scholarship, and especially about his legacy. By delineating and analyzing

encounters that were remarkable, disturbing, complex and contradictory, we may

assess both strengths and weaknesses in Eliade's history and phenomenology of

religion and what remains in Eliade's legacy that may be of value for the

contemporary study of religion.

After describing my first remarkable encounter with Eliade, I shall briefly

present what I consider to be the most important features of Eliade's approach

to the study of religion. I' ll then consider Eliade's influence, noting how it has

sharply declined from what it was from the 1950s through the 1970s, and I' ll

submit that his approach still has much to contribute to our study of religion.

Finally, I' ll conclude with a critical assessment of Eliade's legacy.

The First Remarkable Encounter

I wou ld like to begin by sharing my first remarkable encounter with Eliade

since it reveals so much of what was best about Eliade the human being and

* Professor. University of Maine

Page 2: Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea

Eliade the scholar. As described in my article in Religion, some of my later

encounters were more complex, contradictory, and even negative, and these also

reveal dimensions of Eliade, what is outdated and irrelevant, and what remains

of value for understanding religion in the twenty-first century.

I use the term "encounter" intentionally. This is one of Eliade favorite terms,

as in his frequent formulations of the contemporary need for the encounter of

the modern West with archaic and Indian and other nonwestern worlds of

meaning. Eliade proposes that such encounters will allow for a creative

hermeneutics and cultural renewal. In this sense, I use "encounter" to

emphasize a special kind of personal experience with Eliade in which the

experiential interactions and consequences were unexpected, meaningful,

significant, and life transform in g.

Looking back at one's life, it is remarkable how many key developments

seem so accidental, and encounters that shape and even redirect one's future

life often appear unplanned, outside one's control, and a matter of mere

chance. Eliade's life is replete with such illustrations, such as his life-changing

experiences in India ( 1928-1931 ), in Romania in the 1930s, and during and

after the Second World War. Of course, as usually occurs in an Eliade literary

work and in his journals and autobiography, it was always tempting for Eliade

to decipher fragmented hidden ciphers, to unconceal symbolic messages and

deep meanings, so that what at first seems random and accidental is interpreted

as part of a coherent meaningful whole and as revealing deep existential and

cosmic meaning and significance.

In my own personal history, I had received a Fulbright Fellowship to India

and been based in the sacred Hindu city of Banaras (Kashi, Yaranasi) on the

Ganges River and at Banaras Hindu University, Eliade often commented that

this was something that connected us: In our youth, when we were both

motivated by a strong desire to explore alternatives to narrow, western,

unsatisfying, provincial orientations and when we were so open to new

experiences, we were shaped by this encounter with new Indian worlds of

meaning. Several years later, philosophy professors at Vanderbilt University

Page 3: Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea

Mircea Eliade"s Legacy for the Study of Religion in the Twenty-First... 75

rejected my dissertation proposal comparing the Hindu Advaita Vedanta of

Shankara with the Buddhist Madhyamika of Nagarjuna because no one was

competent to advise me. Although I knew almost nothing about Mircea Eliade,

J was aware that he had authored a monumental book, Yoga: Immortality and

Freedom. My professors, who knew the literature of Husserl, Merleau-Ponty,

and other philosophical phenomenologists, finally agreed that I could use the

methodology of philosophical phenomenology in analyzing Eliade's

phenomenology of religion.

My first, direct, personal, Eliade encounter was the most remarkable. During

late 1966 and throughout 1967, I initiated and maintained a frequent

correspondence with Eliade. Many of his letters were handwritten and in

French. As I became more familiar with the fact that Eliade was one of the

most prolific scholars in the world, I was especially impressed that he would

spend time writing warm and encouraging letters to an unknown student.

In April 1967, I realized that I could book my return flight from a job

interview at Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa to stop in Chicago on the

way back to Nashville, Tennessee. I contacted Professor Eliade, and he

immediately suggested that we have lunch at the University Faculty Club that

Friday and then return to his office for our meeting. I was told by one of

Professor Eliade's friends that he was so overextended with research

commitments that I would probably have a rather short meeting. I recall

preparing a yellow, narrow-lined, legal-sized pad that was full of notes and

difficult questions. I booked my return flight from Chicago for Friday evening.

After meeting Professor Eliade and experiencing a friendly , lively, enjoyable

conversation over lunch, we returned to his Meadville office. I recall that our

meeting began with a series of personal questions from Eliade focusing on why

I, a student of philosophy, was so interested in his scholarship. It soon became

clear that Eliade was both intrigued and delighted that someone working in

philosophy would take bis writings so seriously. Parenthetically, at this point, I

had no idea that Eliade had a background in philosophy, had received his

Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of Bucharest in 1933, taught

Page 4: Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea

philosophy courses at the University of Bucharest, and was hired and most

influenced by Nae Ionescu, Professor of Logic and Metaphysics. l also

recognize that almost all of Eliade's teaching and research would have been

classified and even dismissed as outside philosophy proper by most academic

philosophers.

I then began to ask Professor Eliade my difficult questions. I could tell that

he was impressed that I had taken such time ยทand care in preparing for our

meeting. I recall that a number of my questions pointed to key passages in

Eliade's writings in which he seems to make controversial normative judgments.

For example, I asked him what he meant and how he could justify the claim

in a frequently cited passage in Patterns in Comparative Religion: that the

Incarnation of Jesus Christ is the supreme hierophany or theophany. In such

passages, not qualified by "from a Christian point of view," this appears to be

a theological, normative judgment that goes beyond the proper perspectival

limits of the history and phenomenology of religion. After admitting that these

are among his most controversial formulations, Eliade explained, in this

particular illustration, that he does not intend a Christian theological judgment.

He simply means that this Incarnation, with its attempt to sacralize and

incorporate history, can be interpreted as a hierophany that attempts to "include

more."

Most of my challenging questions were directed at key methodological

issues. I would ask Eliade how he had arrived at some sweeping universal

generalization, such as a claim about the profound essential structure and

meaning of lunar symbolism as inexhaustible life repeating itself rhythmically

or a claim about the essential universal structure and meaning of the archaic or

modern modes of being. Sometimes he responded in ways that struck me as

methodologically uncritical and inadequate: He simply looks at the religious

phenomena, and he just "sees" these essential structures and meanings.

Realizing that I was not satisfied with such responses, he began asking me

why I was not convinced. I recall explaining that such responses might impress

certain admirers, who regard them as utterances of a brilliant, intuitive shaman

Page 5: Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea

Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion in the Twenty-First... 77

or mystic, but they would be quickly dismissed by philosophers, social

scientists, and most other scholars as methodologically naYve and of little

scholarly value. Rather than dismiss Eliade's scholarship, 1 preferred to explore

the possibility that Eliade was really doing something quite different from what

he was professing; something that he had never acknowledged in his

publications.

What happened next in our encounter was truly remarkable: The

world-famous scholar asked the unknown student just what I thought he was

really doing! I recall responding that my approach to Eliade's scholarship has

some similarity to a Kantian reconstruction. often start with his

interpretations, judgments, and conclusions and then sympathetically ask what it

is necessary to assume in order to arrive at such positions. What I found was

that Eliade makes all kinds of unacknowledged existential assumptions, assumes

a rather complex and sophisticated hermeneutical framework of interpretation,

and adopts a phenomenological method that allows him to arrive at key

interpretations, judgments, and conclusions. For example, with my background

in Continental philosophy, I felt that Eliade was familiar with some of German

and French phenomenological and hermeneutical philosophy, even if he did not

acknowledge these influences on his scholarship. This allows him to "see"

essential structures and meanings and might allow him to defend his position

against the frequent charge that it was simply personal, arbitrary, and

subjective.

Eliade was fascinated, and this led to very enthusiastic and creative

interactions. Remarkably, this internationally renowned scholar was not in the

least defensive, but seemed to welcome my critical comments and new ways to

reflect on his scholarship. As became evident in future interactions, Eliade had

little time or patience for most of his critics, who, be felt, lacked integrity and

good will. At the same time, while he clearly appreciated praise, he often

seemed uninterested or even bored with the uncreative work of some supporters

who produce Eliade hagiography. In this initial meeting and in later

interactions, he provided a lot of positive reinforcement for my sympathetic but

Page 6: Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea

also critical work, and L learned so much from our encounters.

At about 3:00 p.m., realizing that we had been meeting for two hours and

knowing bow busy Mircea Eliade was, I mentioned that L did not want to take

advantage of his generosity. We had already spent more time together than I

bad thought possible. Eliade responded that we could end the meeting, but that

he was thoroughly enjoying and benefiting from our interactions and he would

prefer to continue. At about 6:00 p.m., after we had met for five hours, Eliade

apologetically indicated that we would have to stop because his wife,

Christenel, had previously arranged a dinner party. He wondered if I could

change my airplane reservation and return on Saturday. He also proposed that

he invite his colleague Charles Long to join us, since be felt that Professor

Long would also enjoy participating in our meeting. I was able to rebook my

plane reservation, spent a very stimulating and beneficial day with Eliade and

Long, and then went to the Chicago airport on Saturday evening, where I

spent the entire night reading Eliade article reprints, before catching my 6:00

a.m. flight back to Nashville.

For me, this first remarkable encounter revealed so much about Mircea

Eliade, our future relationship, and his legacy. He was encouraging and

supportive. With tremendous intellectual curiosity, fascination for the unknown

and unexpected, a strong will and enthusiastic energy, he gave my scholarship

and my personal ordeals a much-appreciated priority. At the same time, this

initial encounter provided false lessons and misleading expectations about what

my life, as a scholar and professor, would be. What a wonderful fulfilling life

in which scholars have the freedom and leisure to sit around for days in

lively, stimulating, creative encounters. I later realized that Eliade could live

this way not only because of his personality, but also because he had a very

special arrangement at an elite institution. He once told me that that he had

agreed to be head of History of Religions at the University of Chicago after

being reassured that he would not have to do the work of a chairperson.

Nevertheless, there was a sense of Eliade's legacy in offering a vision of what

universities and the scholarly life might be if we were not so overburdened

Page 7: Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea

Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion in the Twenty- First... 79

with bureaucratic, hierarchical, corporatized structures and trivial time-consuming

work that rarely allow for such creative encounters. To use a common Eliade

theme, a deep sense of "nostalgia" when thinking back to such youthful

encounters can evoke feelings of longing and sadness of a life not lived.

Eliade's Approach to the Study of Religion

In my previous studies of Eliade, perhaps my major original contribution has

been to submit that there is an impressive, underlying, implicit system at the

foundation of Eliade's history and phenomenology of religion. Eliade is not

simply a brilliant, unsystematic, intuitive genius, as extolled by some

supporters, or a methodologically uncritical, unsystematic, hopelessly unscientific

charlatan, as attacked by some critics. I formulated Eliade's foundational system

primarily in terms of two key interacting concepts: the dialectic of the sacred

and the profane, the universal structure in terms of which Eli(lde distinguishes

religious phenomena, and religious symbolism, the coherent structural systems

of religious symbols in terms of which Eliade interprets the meaning of

religious phenomena. I maintain that it is the essential universal systems of

symbolic structures, when integrated with the essential universal structure of the

dialectic of the sacred, that primarily constitute Eliade's hermeneutical

framework and serve as the foundation for his phenomenological approach.

Eliade's systematic approach tends to be holistic, organic, and dialectical. The

whole is more than the sum of its parts. No element can be understood in

isolation but only in terms of its dynamic, mutually interacting relations with

other key elements. New structures and meanings emerge through dynamic

relations that cannot be found in any separate component part. The image of

weaving, while limited, gets better at Eliade's approach than some analytic

model of clear, linear progression.

My emphasis on the specific systematic nature of Eliade's theory should not

convey the fal se impression that ambiguities, enigmas, and contradictions are

Page 8: Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea

for Eliade problems that need to be removed through rational systematic

analysis. Just the opposite: Eliade often embraces and sustains ambiguities,

enigmas, and contradictions as essential to mythic and spiritual life. When

social scientists and other scholars look for clear definitions and linear

progressive development in Eliade's writings, they are usually frustrated. Many

of. Eliade's key terms are highly idiosyncratic and by their very nature resist

clear definition and analysis. Eliade often attacks other scholars who insist on

clear definitions and linear development as employing rationalistic, scientific,

positivistic, historicistic, naturalistic, or other reductionistic approaches that

destroy the specific intentionality and nature of the religious world.

Eliade's Influence

In the Preface to the English publication of Myth and Religion in Mircea

Eliade, I wrote how Mircea Eliade was often described during his lifetime as

the world's foremost scholar of religion, symbolism, and myth. However, he

was always controversial, especially with scholars of religion using social

scientific approaches, and he continues to be a controversial historian and

phenomenologist of religion. Indeed, it seems fair to conclude that his influence

has considerably waned from its peak during the 1950s through the 1970s.

It is revealing to think back to the period in the 1970s when I wrote my

first book on Eliade, Structure and Creativity in Religion: Hermeneutics in

Mircea Eliade's Phenomenology and New Directions, in which I attempted to

apply some of my background in philosophical phenomenology to Eliade's

scholarship. At that time, Eliade an~ his Chicago School of Religion were

often considered the dominant forces shaping the discipline of religious studies.

Eliade was the central focus of numerous studies by both supporters and

critics. This has changed as most scholars of religion increasingly came to

marginalize or ignore Eliade's scholarship. It is also true that much of the

decreased amount of Eliade scholarship since his death in 1986 has focused

Page 9: Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea

Mircea Eliade' s Legacy for the Study of Religion in the Twenty-First... 81

more on his personal life and its political controversies, especially during the

1930s and 1940s, rather than on his scholarly approach to myth and religion.

This decline may have undergone a recent change. Mircea Eliade was born

on March 9, 1907 in Bucharest, Romania, and there have been conferences and

publications during 2007 and 2008 to mark the centennial of his birth. The

centennial has been the occasion for other scholars and for me to reflect upon

Eliade's legacy. Are Eliade's approach and scholarship outdated and irrelevant

to contemporary research on religious experience, symbolism, myth and other

religious phenomena? What of Eliade remains of value for understanding of

myth, symbolism, religion, and related religious and nonreligious concerns in

the twenty-first century?

Since the publication of Myth and Religion in Mircea Eliade, it seems to me

that the central topics and concerns in the book have even grown in

importance and in relevance for the contemporary world. As Eliade often

wrote, "modern" human beings, as products of the rational, naturalistic,

scientific orientation of the Enlightenment tradition, consciously define

themselves, or at least live their lives, in nonreligious and nonmythic ways.

However, one cannot fully grasp the modern unconscious, dreams, fantasies,

nostalgias, nationalisms and xenophobia, political and economic and cultural

ideologies, rise of fundamentalisms, violence and war, films, novels, dimensions

of globalization, "camouflaged" symbolic structures and meanings that continue

to influence us, encounters and dialogues and conflict with "the other," and

other contemporary phenomena without an understanding of the mythic and the

religious. In so many ways, Eliade 's phenomenology of religion, methodology,

hermeneutical framework of interpretation, and philosophical assumptions,

judgments, and speculations continue to be important for contemporary

scholarship and for our understanding of contemporary human beings and their

world.

This is why I was delighted when a young Korean professor of religious

studies, Yohan Yoo of Seoul National University, first contacted me in October

2006 with his proposal to translate Myth and Religion in Mircea Eliade and

Page 10: Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea

publish it in a new Korean edition. During the past eighteen months, I have

corresponded frequently with Dr. Yohan Yoo, and I have greatly appreciated

and enjoyed our collegial relationship. I have been greatly impressed by his

carefu l, conscientious, scholarly work and by his generous, considerate, and

kind attitude in relating to me personally and to my scholarship. I hope this

Korean publication will reach a new audience of readers who will benefit with

the encounter with Eliade, both in terms of their scholarly work and also in

terms of the enrichment of their personal lives, in the ways that I have

benefited.

A Critical Assessment of Eliade's Legacy

As I've written in several publications during the past year, I believe that

Eliade's approach, as part of a more critical, more selective, reformulated

Eliade legacy, has much to offer in challenging contemporary scholarship. An

Eliade legacy has value in critiquing much of current scholarship as too

narrow, too safe from risk taking, using naively empirical and inadequately

positivist assumptions and methods, embracing inadequate views of instrumental

reason and of a modern western sophistication that really expresses western

provincialism. Such scholarship often devalues or dismisses really substantial,

creative, and significant scholarly issues and concerns as falling outside its

self-imposed, narrow disciplinary boundaries or as fai ling to meet narrow

methods of verification.

In this regard, there is still much of value in Eliade's legacy in developing

his rich notion of a creative hermeneutics. There is much of value in his

commitment to the vital role of scholarship on myth and religion in

comprehending the nature and situatedness of contemporary human beings; our

interrelatedness and dynamic interconnections in an increasingly globalized

world; the inevitable interactions and tensions developing between different

cultural, religious, mythic, and nonreligious, nonmythic traditions and

Page 11: Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea

Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion in the Twenty-First... 83

orientations; and the need for significant cultural renewal that involves

qualitative breakthroughs to new worlds of meaning that incorporate what is

most valuable and relevant from our past spiritual history.

My many Eliade encounters, both personally and through his writings, reveal

a legacy, partially negative but also positive, of the need for scholars of myth

and religion to be open to the worlds of meaning of multiple, diverse others.

While not minimizing weaknesses in his essentialized universalizing theory and

approach, Eliade was correct in critiquing the arrogance of many modern

scholars, with their unscholarly and dangerous provincialism, and with their

closures of meaning that stereotyped and dismissed the religious and mythic

life-world of most of the history of humankind. Eliade, with his extraordinary

curiosity and willingness to take risks, often went against the current and found

unexpected structures and meanings in peasant religiosity and other phenomena

often dismissed as aberrant, superstitious, or unworthy of serious scholarly

investigation.

In this regard, we are indebted to Eliade for greatly bursting open

self-imposed scholarly limitations as to what constitute legitimate religious and

mythic others. This, of course, is clear in his focus on shamanism, peasant

religiosity in India (as opposed to elite philosophical monism of Advaita

Vedanta and other lofty topics favored by western philosophers and certain

top-down, hierarchically privileged, Brahmin voices), cosmic Christiani ty of

nonhistorical peasant religiosity in Romania (as opposed to Christian philosophy,

theology, argumentation, historical religion, and hierarchical church structures),

and his other studies of myth, symbolism, and religion. Throughout his literary

and scholarly writings, Eliade emphasizes that hidden, camouflaged symbolic

and mythic structures need to be unconcealed to bring to light the voices of

unrecognized others. Throughout his writings, Eliade also emphasizes how

symbolic and mythic structures hidden and repressed within our own ยท

unconscious need to be brought light to reveal the multiple others within our

own personal history and our past human spiritual history. And in his

formulations of encounter, dialogue, and confrontation, Eliade repeatedly

Page 12: Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea

emphasizes that such dynamic interactions will lead to new creative positions

and understandings with the constitutions of new mythic and symbolic selves,

others, and self-other scholarly and cultural relations.

In short, although Eliade often appears to be a rather rigid, nonhistorical,

archetypal essentialist, his valuable legacy for us also emphasizes an openness,

curiosity, and inclusiveness that undermine disciplinary boundaries and

self-imposed closures; embraces enigma, ambiguity, and what may at first seem

trivial or unworthy of investigation; and challenges us to explore all kinds of

symbolic and mythic structures, within and without, manifest and hidden, in

order to bring to awareness the inexhaustible worlds of meaning of diverse

others.

My conclusion is that many of Eliade's contributions, when embraced very

selectively and integrated with various non-Eliadean approaches, still have great

meaning and significance. In many ways, Eliade's legacy-for those attracted to

his approach to mythic and other religious phenomena and even for many who

reject his approach-can serve as a catalyst challenging us to rethink our

positions in new creative ways.

Page 13: Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea

21์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ข…๊ตํ•™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ

๋ฏธ๋ฅด์ฒด์•„ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ

๋”๊ธ€๋ผ์Šค ์•Œ๋ Œ.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: ์œ ์š”ํ•œ๏ผŒ ์ด๋ฏผ์ง€ โ€ขโ€ข

๋ฏธ๋ฅด์ฒด์•„ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ ํƒ„์ƒ 100์ฃผ๋…„์„ ๊ธฐ๋…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜คํƒ€์™€ ๋Œ€ํ•™{University of Ottawa)

์˜ ๋งˆ์ดํด ๊ฐ€๋ฐ์ฆˆ ๊ต์‰ฐProfessor M ichel Gardez)์™€ ๋‚˜๋Š” 2008๋…„ 12์›”์— ์ถœํŒ๋  ์žก

์ง€ r๋ ฌ๋ฆฌ์…˜ ReligionJ์˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํŒ์„ ๊ณต๋™ ํŽธ์ง‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ๊ธ€์˜ ์ œ๋ชฉ์€ ใ€Œํ”„๋กค๋กœ๊ทธ: ๋ฏธ๋ฅด์ฒด

์•„ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์™€ 21 ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ Prologue: Encounters with Mircea Eliade

and H is Legacy for the Twenty-First Century J ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์™€

์˜ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์ด ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค€

๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋†€๋ผ์› ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๋งŒ๋‚จ๋“ค์„ ์„œ์ˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„

ํ•ธ ํŒŒ์ •์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์ข…๊ต์‚ฌํ•™๊ณผ ์ข…๊ต ํ˜„์ƒํ•™์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฐ•์ ๊ณผ ์•ฝ์ ๏ผŒ ๊ทธ

๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ข…๊ตํ•™์— ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ์˜ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์™€์˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ฒซ๋งŒ๋‚จ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ํ›„์— ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ข…๊ตํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์ ‘

๊ทผ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ›„ ๋‚˜

๋Š” 1950๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1 970๋…„๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‡ ๋ฝํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜

๋ฉด์„œ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์˜ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ์ข…์ฟ„ํ•™์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ณตํ—Œํ•˜๋Š”

๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง„์ˆ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผํ˜น ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํ‰์œผ๋กœ

๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๋†€๋ผ์› ๋˜ ์ฒซ ๋งŒ๋‚จ

๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์™€์˜ ๋†€๋ผ์› ๋˜ ์ฒซ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ˆ๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค.

* ๋ฉ”์ธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์ˆ˜ .* ์œ ์š”ํ•œ : ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ข…๊ตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜

์ด๋ฏผ์ง€ : ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ข…๊ตํ•™๊ณผ ์„์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •

Page 14: Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea

86 ์ข…๊ต์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”

์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ ์•จ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์ 

ํ‹€์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค r๋ฆด๋ฆฌ์„ผ์˜ ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•œ๋Œ€๋กœ1 ๊ทธ ํ›„์˜ ์—˜

๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์™€ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜ ๋งŒ๋‚จ๋“ค์€ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ–ˆ์œผ

๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋งŒ๋‚ฉํ‹€ ์—ญ์‹œ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฉด๋“ค ์ฆ‰ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋’ค๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ณ€๋“ค

๊ณผ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ข…๊ต๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฉด๋“ค์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด์ค€๋‹ค

๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ โ€œ๋งŒ๋‚จ'encounter"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ผ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„๋Œ€

์„œ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€๏ผŒ ์ธ๋„๏ผŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„์„œ๊ตฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋งŒ๋‚จ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹น๋Œ€

์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์— ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌ

ํ•œ ๋งŒ๋‚จ๋“ค์ด ์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ํ•ด์„ํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์‡„์‹ ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜

๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์‚ถ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด๋†“์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒฝ

ํ—˜์  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์˜ฌ ๋‚ณ์•˜๋˜ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์™€์˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ฌ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ

์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ โ€œ๋งŒ๋ƒฅโ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ฒ ๋‹ค

ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ฌ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๋ณผ ๋•Œ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „๋“ค์ด ์šฐ์—ฐ์ ์ธ๊ฐ€. ๊ทธ

์‚ฌ๋ž์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋งŒ๋‚จ๋“ค์ด ์ข…์ข… ๊ณ„ํš๋˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  ํ†ต์ œ ํ• 

์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†€๋ž๋‹ค. ์—˜๋ฆฌ

์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์‚ถ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋†“์•˜๋˜ ์ธ๋„์—

์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜(1928-1931)๏ผŒ 1930๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ฃจ๋งˆ๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๏ผŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ ๊ณผ

์ •๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ ์ €๋„๏ผŒ ์ž์„œ์ „์—์„œ ๋ณดํ†ต

๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋“ฏ์ด ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฐ๋‚œ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์•”ํ˜ธ๋“ค์˜ฌ ํ•ด๋…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์ง•์ ์ธ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋“ค

๊ณผ ๊นŠ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋“ค์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์ž‘

์œ„์ ์ด๊ณ  ์šฐ์—ฐ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ด ์ผ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด๋กœ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ1 ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•œ ์กด

์žฌ๋ก ์  ์šฐ์ฃผ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‚ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉด๏ผŒ ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํ’€๋ธŒ๋ผ์ดํŠธ ํŽ ๋กœ์šฐ์‰ฝFullbright feLlowship์˜ฌ ๋ฐ›์•„

์ธ๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ”๊ณ  ์บ”์ง€์Šค ๊ฐ•์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋ผ์ŠคBanaras๏ผŒ ํ˜น์€ ์ฐจ์‹œKashi๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋‚˜์‹œVaranasi๋ผ

๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํžŒ๋‘๊ต์˜ ์„ฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋„์‹œ์™€ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋ผ์Šค ํžŒ๋‘๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๋Š” ์ข…

์ข… ๋‚˜์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–‰}๊ณค ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข๊ณ  ์„œ๊ตฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑ

์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ํŽธํ˜‘ํ•œ ์ž…์žฅ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์˜ฌ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ์†ก}๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์š•๋ง์— ๊ฒฝ๋„๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝ

ํ—˜์— ๋งค์šฐ ์—ด๋ ค ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ Š์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํˆด ๋‹ค ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ธ๋„ ์„ธ๊ณ„

์™€์˜ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋“ฌ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ํ›„์— ๋ฒค๋”๋นŒํŠธ ๋Œ€ํ•™~Vanderbillt University)

์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋“ค์€๏ผŒ ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ํžŒ๋‘ ์ƒ

์นด๋ผ์˜ ์•„๋“œ๋ฐ”์ดํƒ€ ๋ฒ ๋‹จํƒ€Hindu DaVita Vedanta of Shankara์™€ ๋ถˆ๊ต ์šฉ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ค‘

Page 15: Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea

21์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ข…๊ตํ•™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ ฅl์•„ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ก€์˜ ์œ ์ž” 87

๊ด€ํŒŒBuddhist Madhuamika of Nagarjuna๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ ํ”„๋กœํฌ์ž˜์„ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ

ํ–ˆ๋‹ค ๋‹น์‹œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฅด์ฒด์•„ ์—˜๋ฆฌ0๋–ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•„๋Š” B๊นŒ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ๏ผŒ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋…

๋น„์ ์ธ ์ €์„œ๏ผŒ r์š”๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๋ฉธ๊ณผ ์ง€์œ Yoga: lmmortality and Freedom J๋ฅผ ์ €์ˆ ํ–ˆ๋””๋Š”

๊ฒƒ์€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ›—์„คHusserl๊ณผ ๋ฉ”๋ฅผ๋กœ ํ’ํ‹ฐMerleau-Ponty๏ผŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฒ ํ•™ ํ˜„์ƒํ•™์ž

๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๋“ค์˜ฌ ์Šต๋“ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋‚˜์˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์ข…๊ต ํ˜„์ƒํ•™์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ• 

๋•Œ์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฒ ํ•™ ํ˜„์ƒํ•™์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์จ๋„ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์™€์˜ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์ฒซ๋งŒ๋‚จ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋…๋น„์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค 1966๋…„์˜

ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€์™€ 1967๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์™€ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„œ์‹ ์„ ๊ตํ™˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ํŽธ์ง€

์ค‘ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘๏ผŒ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด๋กœ ์“ด ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‹ค์ž‘

์˜ ํ•™์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ์ ‘์ ‘ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ•™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๊ณ 

๊ณ ๋ฌด์ ์ธ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ๋ช…๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.

1967๋…„ 4์›”๏ผŒ ์—์—„์Šค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ด์˜ค์™€ ์ฃผ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ํ•™lowa State University in Ames

์—์„œ ๋ฉด์ ‘์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ์—๏ผŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ…Œ๋„ค์‹œ์ฃผ์˜ ๋‚ด์‰ฌ๋นŒNashville๏ผŒ Tennessee๋กœ ๋Œ

O}7}๋Š” ๊ธธ์— ์‹œ์นด๊ณ ์— ๋“ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์™•๋ณต ํ–ฅ๊ณตํ‹ฐ์ผ“์„ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„

์•Œ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํŒจ์ปฌํ‹ฐ ํด๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ

์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธํŒ…์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ƒ

๋Š” ์˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํƒ ๋ฐ›์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์•„์„œ

์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ž ๊น ๋™์•ˆ๋งŒ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค„์ด ์ณ์ง€๊ณ  ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์— ๋งž

๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž€ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ ํŒจ๋“œ์— ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋“ค๊ณผ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ๊ฝ‰ ์ฑ„์›Œ ๋„ฃ์–ด ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ

์–ตํ•œ๋‹ค.

์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉฐ ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™œ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์› ๋˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ๋‚˜

์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋ฒŒMeadville์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋‚ ์˜ ๋ฏธํŒ…์ด๏ผŒ

์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ํ•™์ƒ์ธ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์™œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํŒ์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ

์ธ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒ ํ•™์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ7๊นŒ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ธ€๋“ค

์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›Œํ•œ๋‹ค

๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณง ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด๏ผŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๊ฐ€ 1933๋…„์— ๋ถ€์ฟ ๋ ˆ์Šˆํ‹ฐ

๋Œ€ํ•™รŸucharest U niversity์—์„œ ์ฒ ํ•™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์ฒ ํ•™

๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋น› ํ˜•์ด์ƒํ˜œogic and metaphysics์„ ์ „๊ณตํ•œ ๋‚˜์— ์ด์˜ค๋„ค์Šค

์ฟ Nae lonescu์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ํ–ฅ์˜ฌ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ‰ ์ฒ ํ•™์— ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์˜ฌ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ

๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์˜ฌ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋Œ€๋‹ค

์ˆ˜ ํ•™๊ณ„ ๋‚ด์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์žํ‹€์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€๋  ์ˆ˜

Page 16: Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea

88 ์ด๊ต์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”

์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ฌ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜๋‹ค

๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ›„ ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ ๊ต์ˆ˜์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ๋˜์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€

์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ณต์˜ฌ ๋“ค์—ฌ ์ด ๋งŒ๋‚จ์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜

๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์ด ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ๊ธ€ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ฒ•์ 

์ธ ํŒ๋‹จ๋“ค์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผํšจ ๋ณด์˜€๋˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ˆ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•œ๋‹ค.

์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๏ผŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ r์ข…๊ตํ˜•ํƒœ๋ก Patterns in Comparalive Rel์ƒionJ์—์„œ ์ง€์ฃผ

์ธ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์ธ๏ผŒ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์˜ ํ˜„ํ˜„์ด ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํžˆ์—๋กœ๋”ฐ๋‹ˆhierophany ํ˜น์€ ํ…Œ

์˜คํŒŒ๋‹ˆtheophany๋ผ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์˜ฌ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ •๋‹นํ™”

์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์˜ฌ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถˆ์–ด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ˆ์ด โ€œ์‹ ํ•™์  ๊ด€์ ์˜โ€ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด

์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข…๊ต์‚ฌํ•™๊ณผ ์ข…๊ตํ˜„์ƒํ•™์—์„œ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ์‹ ํ•™

์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ ์ธ ํŒ๋‹จ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ˆ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ์—ฌ

์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์…œ๋ช…์ž„์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๋Š” ์ด ์…œ๋ช…์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต

์˜ ์‹ ํ•™์ ์ธ ํŒ๋‹จ์˜ฌ ์˜๋„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 

ํŽธ์ž…์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„ํ˜„์„ โ€œ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๊ณ โ€ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š”

ํžˆ์—๋กœํŒŒ๋‹ˆ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์˜ฌ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‚ด ๋„์ „์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์  ๋ฌธ์ œํ‹€์„ ํ–ฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”

์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊พ€ ํฌํŒ”์ ์ธ ๋ณดํŽธ์  ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜ˆ๋กœ๏ผŒ ๊ทœ์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌดํ•œ์ •์˜ ์‚ถ ํ˜น์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€์™€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์กด์žฌ์˜ ์–‘ํƒœ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ 

์ด๊ณ  ๋ณด๋ฉด์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋‹ฌ ์ƒ์ •์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‹ฌ์›ํ•œ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ฃผ

์˜์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํˆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋”์”ฉ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์ ์œผํ˜น ๋น„ํŒ์ ์ด์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ถ€

์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ข…๊ต์ ์ธ

ํ˜„%๋”ธ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์˜๋ฏธํ‹€์„ โ€œ๋ณผ-see" ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ž ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์™œ ํ™•์‚ฐํ•˜

์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌป๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด๏ผŒ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ง๊ด€์ ์ธ

์ƒค๋จผ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ ๋น„์ฃผ์˜์ž์˜ ๋ฐœํ™”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ˆญ๋ฐฐ์ฑ”์˜ฌ ๊ฐ๋™์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒ 

ํ•™์ง€๋“ค๏ผŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค๏ผŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์ด๋ธŒ

ํ•˜๊พ€laive ํ•™๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ํ•ด์ฒด๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ

์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ 

์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์˜ฌ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํƒ‘๊ตฌํ•ด ๋ณด

๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ถœํŒ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์—†๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งŒ๋‚จ ๋‹ค์˜ด์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ์ผ์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋†€๋ž„ ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ

Page 17: Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea

21์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ข…๊ตํ•™์œต ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ฅด์ฒด์•„ ์•จ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ก€์˜ ์œ ๊ฐ} 89

ํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€๋„ ์•Š์€ ํ•™์ƒ์ธ ๋‹ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ

ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค! ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚˜์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ์นธํŠธ์‹Kantian ์žฌ๊ตฌ

์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๊ทธ์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋‚˜ ํŒ๋‹จ๏ผŒ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ

์œ„์น˜์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์˜ฌ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ˜ธ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ

ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ธ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์กด์žฌ๋ก ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ‹€์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ๊ณ ๏ผŒ

๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๊ตํ•œ ํ•ด์„ํ•™์  ์ดํ•ด์˜ ํ‹€์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ–ˆ๊ณ ๏ผŒ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๏ผŒ ํŒ๋‹จ๏ผŒ

๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ์ฐจ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๏ผŒ ๋Œ€

๋ฅ™ ์ฒ ํ•™์— ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋ผ์นœ ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋“ค

์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„์ง€๋ผ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋…์ผ๊ณผ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ํ˜„์ƒํ•™์  ์ฒ ํ•™์ง€๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•ด

์„ํ•™์  ์ฒ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์„ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๊ผˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ์˜

๋ฏธ๋ฅผ์˜ฌ โ€œ๋ณด๊ฒŒsee"ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ž„์˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š”

๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ๋น„๋‚œ์— ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๋Š” ๋งคํ˜น๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ๏ผŒ ์ด๋Š” ์ •์—ด์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ด๊ฟ€์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ํ•™์ž๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ ์ด์ง€ ์—†t๊ณ  ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค

๋‚˜์˜ ๋น„ํŒ์ ์ธ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์˜ฌ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š”

๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์ค‘์˜ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์—์„œ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๋Š” ์„ฑ์‹คํ•จ๊ณผ ์„ ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ด‰

ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๊ผˆ๋˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋น„ํŒ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ฌ ์“ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฐธ์˜ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ

๋Š” ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฐฌ์‚ฌ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ดํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ†ต์‹œ์— ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋– ๋ฐ›๋“œ๋Š” ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ง€์ง€์ž๋“ค

์˜ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์˜ฌ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ง€๋ฃจํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”

๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์™€์˜ ์ฒซ ๋งŒ๋‚จ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ํ›„์˜ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์—์„œ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๋Š” ํ˜ธ์˜์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„ํ‰์ 

์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๋‚˜์˜ ์ž‘์—…์˜ฌ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ–ˆ๏ฟก๋ฉฐ๏ผŒ ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์˜ฌ ๋ฐฐ

์› ๋‹ค.

์ด์ œ ์˜คํ›„ 3์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฏธํŒ…์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธ๋ฅด์ฒด์•„

์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”์œ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•จ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋Š”

์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜

ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฏธํŒ…์„ ๋๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ๏ผŒ ์ด ๋งŒ๋‚จ์ด ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ฆ

๊ฑฐ์› ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋„์›€์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ๋ฏธํŒ…์„ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค ์ด

์ œ ์˜คํ›„ 6์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์ง€ 5์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค ์˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ

์˜ ์•„๋‚ด์ธ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ…Œ๋„ฌChristene l์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์ €๋… ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•ด๋†“์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•„๋งˆ๋„

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฏธํŒ…์˜ฌ ๋๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ 

ํ† ์š”์ผ์— ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋™๋ฃŒ์ธ ์ฐฐ์Šค ๋กฑ-Charles Long

Page 18: Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea

90 ์ข…๊ต์™€ํ‘ผํ™”

์˜ฌ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค ์ฐฐ์Šค ํ™ ์—ญ์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฏธํŒ…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ

์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜

์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ๏ผŒ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์™€ ๋กฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ ์ด๊ณ  ์œ ์ตํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ›„

์— ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ† ์š”์ผ ์ €๋…์— ์‹œ์นด๊ณ  ๊ณตํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”๊ณ  ๋‚ด์‰ฌ๋นŒ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์•„์นจ 6์‹œ

๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์•จ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ ๊ธ€์˜ ์žฌ์ธ์‡„๋ณธ๋“ค์„ ์ฝ๋Š๋ผ ๊ทธ๋‚  ๋ฐค์˜ฌ

๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์ฒซ๋งŒ๋‚จ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ฅด์ฒด์•„ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ง€์‹ ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ดํ›„ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ

์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—„์ฒญ

๋‚œ ์ง€์  ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ๏ผŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งคํ˜น๏ผŒ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์˜์ง€์™€ ์—ด

์ •์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๋Š” ๋‚˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋ จ์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ์šฐ์„ ๊ถŒ์„

๋ถ€์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‹œ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฒซ๋งŒ๋‚จ์€ ํ•™์ž์™€ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋‚˜์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ธ

๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ตํ›ˆ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡๋œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‚ฎ ๋™์•ˆ์— ์ž๊ธฐ

์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์— ์•‰์•„์„œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ ๋„˜์น˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ๋งŒ๋‚จ๋“ค์˜ฌ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ž์œ ์™€ ์—ฌ๊ฐ€

์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ณด๋žŒ์ฐฝ ์‚ถ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด

๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€elite

institution์„ ๋งค์šฐ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์กฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์€ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ

์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ ์—ญํž์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์ง์˜ฌ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์‚ฌ์นด๊ณ 

๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ข…๊ตํ•™๊ณผ ํ•™๊ณผ์žฅ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ

์œ ์‹ ์šฉ๏ผŒ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์œ„๊ณ„์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๋งŒ๋ƒฅ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์žก์•„๋จน๋Š” ์‚ฌ์†Œํ™˜ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ง์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค

๋ฉด ๋Œ€ํ•™๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์ „์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ†ต์˜

์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ Š์—ˆ์„ ์  ๊ทธ์™€์˜ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์˜ฌ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด โ€œ๋…ธ์Šคํƒค์ง€

์•ผโ€™์˜ ์‹ฌ์›ํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋‚˜๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐˆ๋ง๊ณผ ์Šฌํ””์˜ ๊ฐ

์ •๋“ค์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค.

์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์ข…๊ตํ•™ ์ ‘๊ทผ

์•จ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚˜์˜ ์ด์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทผ์›์ ์ธ ๊ณตํ—Œ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜

์ข…๊ต์‚ฌํ•™๊ณผ ์ข…๊ตํ˜„์ƒํ•™์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์— ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ธ์ƒ์˜ฌ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์ €๋ณ€์— ๊น”๋ ค์žˆ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์ถ•์ ์ธ ์‹œ

์Šคํ…œsystem ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๋Š” ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ง€์ง€์ง€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฉ์ฐฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

Page 19: Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea

21์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ข…๊ตํ•™์œจ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฏธํ—ค์•„ ์•จ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ 91

์ฒ˜๋Ÿฝ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„์กฐ์ง์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ง๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ฒœ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜น์€ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋น„ํŒ๊ฐ€

๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด๋น„ํŒ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น„์กฐ์ง์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜

์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋น„๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊พผ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ์„  ์˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ

์ ์ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์ ์ธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์‹ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ค‘

ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข…๊ต ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์†์˜ ๋ณ€์ฆ๋ฒ•์ด

๋‹ค. ๋‹คํ” ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ข…๊ต ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ข…๊ต์  ์ƒ์ง•์˜ ์ผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ

์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€์ฆ๋ฒ•์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ณด๋ฉด์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ์—๏ผŒ

์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ํ•ด์„ํ•™์  ํ‹€์˜ฌ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜„์ƒํ•™์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด

๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ƒ์ง•์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ณด๋ฉด์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค.

์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์€ ์ „์ฒด๋ก ์ ๏ผŒ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ ๏ผŒ ๋ณ€์ฆ๋ฒ•์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ•ฉ

๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค๋„ ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ๏ผŒ ๋””๋ก  ์ค‘์š” ์š”์†Œ

๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์—ญ๋™์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์†์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ดํ•ด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ์˜

๋ฏธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์—ญํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋“ค์˜ฌ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ

๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง์„ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ชจํ…”

๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฒœ์„ ์งœ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์˜ฌ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.

์•จ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐ•์กฐ์นด ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ฆ‰ ๋ชจํ˜ธ

ํ•จ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๊ป˜๋ผ๏ผŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋“ค์ด ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”

์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ธ์ƒ์˜ฌ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค. ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ด๋‹ค. ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•จ

๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๊ป˜๋ผ๏ผŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋“ค์„ ์‹ ๋น„์ฃผ์˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ์˜์ ์ธ ์‚ถ์— ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„

์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ๊ธ€์—์„œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ

์ •์˜๋“ค๊ณผ ์„ ์ ์ธ ์ ์ง„์  ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ขŒ์ ˆํ•œ๋‹ค ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„

๋ฐ์˜ ์ค‘์š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํŠน์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ์ •์˜

์™€ ๋ถ„์„์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๋Š” ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ์ •์˜๋“ค๊ณผ ์„ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ

ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ข…๊ต ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์˜๋„์™€ ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ฌ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ค

์ค‘์ฃผ์˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ฃผ์˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ์ฃผ์˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™˜์›์ฃผ์˜์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์ฐจ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค

๊ณ  ์ข…์ข… ๋น„ํŒํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ

๋‚˜๋Š” r์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์‹ ํ™”์™€ ์ข…๊ตj์˜ ์˜์–ดํŒ ์„œ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ฅด์ฒด์•„ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๋Š” ์ƒ์ „

Page 20: Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea

92 ์ด๊ต์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”

์— ์ข…์ข… ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์ข…๊ต๏ผŒ ์ƒ์ง• ์‹ ํ™” ํ•™์ž๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ผ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ

๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ๏ผŒ ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด

์—ˆ๊ณ ๏ผŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ข…๊ต์‚ฌํ•™์ž์ด์ž ์ข…๊ตํ˜„์ƒํ•™์ž์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ

์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์€ 1950๋…„๋Œ€์™€ 1970๋…„๋Œ€์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ์ ˆ์ •๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์•ฝํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก 

์ง“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ณ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‚˜์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ฑ…์ด๋ฉฐ๏ผŒ ์ฒ ํ•™์  ํ˜„์ƒํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ง€์‹์„ ์—˜

๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ๋˜ r์ข…๊ต์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์„ฑใ€์„ ์ผ๋˜ 1970๋…„๋Œ€๋ฅผ

ํšŒ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋— ๊นŠ์€ ์ผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์— ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์‹œ์ฐจ๊ณ  ์ข…๊ตํ•™ํŒŒ๋Š” ์ข…

๊ต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„ใ€‚F์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๋„์ ์ธ ์œ ๋ ฅ์ž๋“ค๋กœ ์ข…์ข… ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€

์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ง€์ง€์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„ํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ๋Œ€

์ƒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ข…๊ตํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ ์ฐจ๋กœ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์˜ฌ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜์—์„œ

๋ชฐ์•„๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ 1986๋…„

์ด๋ž˜๋กœ ๊ทธ๋‚˜๋งˆ ์ค„์–ด๋“  ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๏ผŒ ์‹ ํ™”์™€ ์ข…๊ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜

ํ•™๋ฌธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ" 1930๋…„๋Œ€์™€ 1940๋…„๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผํ˜ธ ํ•œ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜

๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์‚ถ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถฐ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค.

์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‡ ๋ฝ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค~ 2007๋…„๊ณผ 2008๋…„์—๋Š” 1907

๋…„ 3์›” 9์ผ์— ๋ฃจ๋งˆ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋ถ€์ฟ ๋ ˆ์Šˆํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ฏธ๋ฅด์ฒด์•„ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ํƒ„์ƒ 100์ฃผ

๋…„์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•™ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ ธ๊ณ  ์ €์ˆ ์ด ์ถœ๊ฐ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ ํƒ„์ƒ 100์ฃผ๋…„ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜

์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ์˜ฌ ๋ฐ˜์ถ”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜€๋‹ค. ์•จ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ

ํ•™๋ฌธ์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋’ค๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ข…๊ต์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜๏ผŒ ์ƒ์ •์ฒด๊ณ„ ์‹ ํ™” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๊ตํ˜„์ƒ๋“ค

์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ๊ฐ€? ์•จ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์‹ ํ™”๏ผŒ ์ƒ์ง•์ฒด๊ณ„๏ผŒ ์ด

๊ต๏ผŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ 21 ์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ข…๊ต์ ๏ผŒ ๋น„์ข…๊ต์  ๋ฌธ์ œํ‹€์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ

๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”7t?

r์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์‹ ํ™”์™€ ์ข…๊ตj์˜ ์ถœํŒ ์ดํ›„ํ›„ ์ด ์ฑ…์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€

ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋” ์ ์ ˆํ•ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข…์ข… ์ผ๋“ฏ์ด๏ผŒ ๊ณ„๋ชฝ

์ฃผ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ๏ผŒ ์ž์—ฐ์ฃผ์˜์ ๏ผŒ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ธ โ€œํ˜„๋Œ€์˜โ€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์˜์‹

์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์ข…๊ต์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋น„์‹ ํ™”์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์˜ฌ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜๏ผŒ ํ˜น์€ ์ ์–ด๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ

๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ถ์˜ฌ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ํ™”์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ข…๊ต์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€

๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฌด์˜์‹๏ผŒ ๊ฟˆ๏ผŒ ํ™˜์ƒ๏ผŒ ํ–ฅ์ˆ˜๏ผŒ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ํ˜์˜ค1 ์ •์น˜์ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ๋ฌธ

ํ™”์  ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ๏ผŒ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ํ™๊ธฐ๏ผŒ ํญ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ „์Ÿ๏ผŒ ์˜ํ™”๏ผŒ ์†Œ์„ค๏ผŒ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ–‰lobalization

์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๏ผŒ โ€œ์œ„์žฅํ•œ ์ฑ„๋กœโ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์† ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์ƒ์ง•์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์˜๋ฏธ๏ผŒ โ€œํƒ€

Page 21: Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea

21์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ข…๊ตํ•™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ฅด์ฒด์•„ ์˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ก€์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ 93

์žโ€์™€์˜ ๋งŒ๋‚จ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ๋‹คํ” ํ˜„์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†

๋‹ค. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฉด์—์„œ๏ผŒ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์ข…๊ตํ˜„์ƒํ•™๏ผŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ๏ผŒ ํ•ด์„ํ•™์ ์ธ ํ•ด์„์˜ ํ‹€๏ผŒ

์ฒ ํ•™์ ์ธ ์ „์ œ๏ผŒ ํŒ๋‹จ๏ผŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์™€

ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์ Š์€ ์ข…๊ตํ•™์ž ์œ ์š”ํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 2006๋…„ ๊ฐ€์„๏ผŒ ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜

์Œ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•˜์—ฌ r์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์‹ ํ™”์™€ ์ข…๊ตj๋ฅผ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•ด์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ดํŒํ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ถœํŒํ•˜๊ฒ 

๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธฐ์จŒ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ 18๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ ์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์™€ ์ž์ฃผ ์„œ์‹ 

๊ตํ™˜์„ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ๏ผŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณ ๋ž๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›Œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™๋ฌธ

์ ์ธ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ณ  ์„ธ์‹ฌ

ํ•œ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์ž‘์—…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ ค ๊นŠ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์นœ์ ˆํ•œ ํƒœ๋„์— ๋‚˜๋Š” ํฐ ๊ฐ๋ช…์˜ฌ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.

์˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ๊ธด ์œ ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋น„ํŒ์  ํ‰๊ฐ€

๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž‘๋…„์— ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ถœํŒ๋ฌผ์— ์ผ๋“ฏ์ด๏ผŒ ๋” ๋น„ํŒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์„ ๋ผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„

๋ฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ์„œ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์— ์ด์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š”

๋ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณตํ—Œ์˜ฌ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค. ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ์€๏ผŒ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํ†ต์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™

๋ฌธ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋„ ํŽธํ˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋„ ์œ„ํ—˜์˜ฌ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ๏ผŒ ๊ณ ์ง€์‹ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ฃผ์˜์ 

์ด๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹ค์šฉ์ฃผ์˜์ ์ธ ์ „์ œ์™€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์˜ฌ ฮปF์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ๏ผŒ ๋„๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ด์„ฑ์˜ ๋ถ€์ 

์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์™€ ์‹ค์ œ ์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์  ํŽธํ˜‘์„ฑ์„ ํ‘œ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ์–ต์ง€ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๋ถ€

์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•ญํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•™๋ฌธ์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ณธ

์งˆ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์Ÿ์ ๊ณผ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•œ ํŽธํ˜‘ํ•œ ํ˜๋ฌธ

๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜น์€ ๊ฒ€์ค‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํŽธํ˜‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ชป

ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ข…์ข… ํ‰๊ฐ€์ ˆํ•˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ œ์ณ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€์—์„œ๏ผŒ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ํ•ด์„ํ•™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์šฉ์š”๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ฌ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ

์— ๊ทธ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ํ™”์™€ ์ข…๊ต๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํžˆ๋Š” ํ•™๋ฌธ์€๏ผŒ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ธ

๋ฅ˜์˜ ์†์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋˜๋Š”globalized ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜

์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ญ๋™์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ดด ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”์ ๏ผŒ ์ข…๊ต์ ๏ผŒ ์‹ ํ™”์ ๏ผŒ

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„์ข…๊ต์ ๏ผŒ ๋น„์‹ ํ™”์  ์ „ํ†ต๊ณผ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ

๊ธด์žฅ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์˜์ ์ธ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€์น˜

์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•œ ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋Œํ”ผ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํžˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”

Page 22: Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea

94 ์ข…๊ต์™€ ํ‘ผํ™”

ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๊ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ํ™”

์™€ ์ข…๊ต๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๋ฌธ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ ์ €์ˆ ์˜ฌ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ๏ผŒ

์‹ ํ™”์ข…๊ต ํ•™์ž๋Š” ๋””์ˆ˜์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํƒ€์ž์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์—ด๋ ค ์žˆ์„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋‚˜ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์œ 

์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ๋ณดํŽธํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์•ฝ์ ์„

๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ๏ผŒ ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ํ•™์ž์˜ ์˜ค๋งŒํ•ฉ์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•œ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์€ ์˜ณ

์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋น„ํ•™๋ฌธ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ํŽธํ˜‘์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋…”๊ณ ๏ผŒ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ซ์•„๋ฒ„๋ ค ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ

์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๋…”๋˜ ์ข…๊ต์  ์‹ ํ™”์  ์‚ถ.์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…A๋กœ ์ •ํ˜•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์ œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๋Š” ๋น„๋ฒ”ํ•œ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ๋ฌด๋ฆ…์“ฐ๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ข…์ข… ํ•™๋ฌธ์ 

ํ๋ฆ„์— ์ €ํ•ญํ–ˆ๊ณ ๏ผŒ ํ˜์˜ค์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ ๏ผŒ ๋ฏธ์‹ ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ๏ผŒ ํ˜น์€ ์ง„์ง€ํ•œ ํ•™๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€

์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ข…์ข… ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋œ ๋†๋ฏผ์˜ ์ข…๊ต์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜„์ƒ๋“ค์—์„œ ์˜ˆ๊ธฐ์น˜ ์•Š์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์˜

๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค

์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋‹นํ•œ ์ข…๊ต์ ๏ผŒ ์‹ ํ™”์  ํƒ€์ž๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ

๋ถ€๊ณผํ•œ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ๋œจ๋ ค ์—ด์–ด์ค€ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ๋นš์„ ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์…ˆ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด

๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ƒค๋จธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜๏ผŒ (์•„๋“œ๋ฐ”์ดํƒ€ ๋ฒ ๋‹จํƒ€์˜ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ์ ์ธ ์ฒ ํ•™์  ์ผ์›๋ก ๊ณผ๏ผŒ ์„œ๊ตฌ ์ฒ 

ํ•™์ง€๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ƒ์˜ํ•˜๋‹ฌ์‹์˜ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŠน๊ถŒํ™”๋œ ๋ธŒ๋ผ๋งŒ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์ด ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š”

๊ณ ์ƒํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š”) ์ธ๋„ ๋†๋ฏผํ‹€์˜ ์ข…๊ต์„ฑ๏ผŒ (๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ์ฒ ํ•™๏ผŒ ์‹ ํ•™๏ผŒ ๋ณ€๋ก ๏ผŒ ์—ญ์‚ฌ

์  ์ข…๊ตใ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์  ๊ตํšŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š”) ๋ฃจ๋งˆ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ๋น„์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ๋†๋ฏผ ์ข…๊ต

์„ฑ์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ์  ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ ํ™”๏ผŒ ์ƒ์ •์ฒด๊ณ„๏ผŒ ์ข…๊ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋ถ„๋ช…

ํžˆ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธํ•™์  ์ €์ˆ ๊ณผ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์ €์ˆ  ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ๏ผŒ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๋Š” ์ธ์ง€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”

ํƒ€์ž์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๏ผŒ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง€๊ณ  ์œ„์žฅ๋œ ์ƒ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ ํ™”์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ‹€

์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚  ํŽผ์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ €์ˆ ์—์„œ๏ผŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜

๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์  ์—ญ์‚ฌ ๋‚ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํƒ€์ž๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด

์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌด์˜์‹ ์†์— ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง€๊ณ  ์–ต์••๋œ ์ƒ์ง•์ ๏ผŒ ์‹ ํ™”์  ๊ตฌ์กฐํ‹€์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

ํ•ด์•ผ ๋™l๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋‚จ๏ผŒ ๋Œ€ํ™”๏ผŒ ๋Œ€๋ณ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ๏ผŒ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๋Š”

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ญ๋™์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ๋“ค์ด๏ผŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹ ํ™”์ ๏ผŒ ์ƒ์ •์  ์ง€์•„ ํƒ€์ž๏ผŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์•„

ํƒ€์ž์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์ ๏ผŒ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ์ž…์žฅ๊ณผ ์ดํ•ด๋กœ ์ด๋Œ

์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋ฟ”R ๋น„๋ก ์•จ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข…์ข… ๋‹ค์†Œ ๊ฒฝ์ง๋˜๊ณ  ๋น„์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋ณธ์งˆ

์ฃผ์˜์ž์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿฝ ๋ณด์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฉ๊ธด ๊ท€์ค‘ํ•œ ์œ ์‚ฐ์€ ํ•™๋ฌธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ

Page 23: Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the ...Mircea Eliade's Legacy for the Study of Religion m the Twenty-First Century Douglas Allen' To mark the centennial of Mircea

21์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ด๊ตํ•™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฅด์ฒด์•„ ์˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ก€์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ 95

๊ณ„์™€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•œ ํ์‡„์„ฑ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํฌ๊ด„์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜

๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ•ดํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๏ผŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒ˜์˜ด์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•˜๊ฑฐ

๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ฌ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋ฉฐ๏ผŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํƒ€

์ž์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ๋ฌด์ง„์žฅํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ‹€์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด๏ผŒ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ๏ผŒ ๋ช…๋ฐฑ

ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„๏ผŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ ๏ผŒ ์‹ ํ™”์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด‰๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ๊ณตํ—Œ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์„ ํƒ์ฒ™์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋น„้ž์•จ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ

๋ฒ•๋“ค๊ณผ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํฐ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์˜ฌ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ด ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฉด

์—์„œ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์‹ ํ™”์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๊ต์  ํ˜„์ƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋งค๋ ฅ์˜ฌ ๋Š๋‚€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์กฐ

์ฐจ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์˜ฌ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด‰๋งค์ œ ์—ญํ• ์„

ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋‹ค


Recommended