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Identify the major types, trends, and uses of computer systems.
Outline the major technologies and uses of computer peripherals for input, output, and storage.
Provide examples of the business value of Internet, intranet, and extranet applications.
Describe several important trends occurring in computer software.
Give examples of several major types of application and system software.
Explain the purpose of several popular software packages for end user productivity and collaborative computing.
Today’s Lecture
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The Digital Economy The digital economy refers
to an economy that is based on digital technologies, including digital communication networks, computers, and software.
The digital economy is also sometimes called the Internet economy, the New economy, or the Web economy.
IT Architecture
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Although there is always a need for improved technology, the critical resource is intelligent resourceful people who can relate business needs to technology.
James J. O’Connor
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Electronic Framework
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Information Architecture
Information architecture is a high-level map or plan of the information requirements in an organization.
In preparing information architecture, the designer requires two kinds of information:1. The business needs of the organization—that is, its objectives and
problems, and the contribution that IT can make. 2. The information systems that already exist in an organization and how
they can be combined among themselves or with future systems to support the organization’s information needs.
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Components of Information Systems
Hardware is a set of devices such as processor, monitor, keyboard, and printer.
Software is a set of programs that enable the hardware to process data.
Database is a collection of related files, tables, relations, and so on, that stores data.
Network is a connecting system that permits the sharing of resources between computers.
Procedures are the set of instructions about how to combine the above components.
People are those individuals who work with the system or use its output.
Computer System ComponentsCentral Processing Unit
OutputDevices
CacheMemory
Primary Storage
SecondaryStorageDevices
ControlUnit ALU
SpecialPurposeProcessors
Output Devices
InputDevices
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Computers
Supercomputer Main Frame Mini Computer
Microcomputers / PC’s
Microcomputer Systems Handheld Computers
PDA, Information Appliances
Notebook Computers Desktop Computers Workstations SMART Cards Network Server
Powerful microcomputer used in small LANs
Name Common Input Devices ??
Common Input Devices Keyboard Pointing Devices Pen Based Computing Speech Recognition Optical Scanning Magnetic Ink
Character Recognition Smart Cards Digital Cameras
Input Technology Trends
FirstGeneration
SecondGeneration
ThirdGeneration
FourthGeneration
FifthGeneration
Punched CardsPaper Tape
Punched Cards
Key to Tape/Disk
Keyboard Data EntryPointing DevicesOptical Scanning
Voice RecognitionTouch DevicesHandwriting Recognition
Trend: Towards Direct Input Devices that Are More Naturaland Easy to Use
Name Common Output Devices??
Common Output Devices
Video Output CRT LCD
Printed Output Inkjet Laser
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Communications MediaComputer Digital video interactive Compact disc interactive Computer simulation
Motion / Still image Slides / Overheads Videodisc (cassette) Motion pictures Broadcast television Teleconference/videoconference Animation & Virtual Reality
Audio Tape/cassette/record/CD/DVD Teleconference / Audio conference Sound digitizing Microphone
Graphic materials Pictures Printed job aids Visual Displays
Text Printouts
Output Technology Trends
FirstGeneration
SecondGeneration
ThirdGeneration
FourthGeneration
FifthGeneration
Punched CardsPrinted Reportsand Documents
Punched CardsPrinted Reports and Documents
Printed Reportsand DocumentsVideo Displays
Video DisplaysAudio ResponsesPrinted Reportsand Documents
Video DisplaysVoice ResponsesHyperlinked MultimediaDocuments
Trend: Towards Output Methods that Communicate Naturally,Quickly, and Clearly
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Emerging Display's
OLED – Organic light-emitting diods
Primary & Secondary Storage Media
SemiconductorMemoryMagnetic
DisksFloppy Disk
Hard Disk, RAID
Magnetic Tape
Optical DisksCD-ROM, CD-R
CD-RWDVD
Acce
ss Sp
eed I
ncrea
ses
Storag
e Cap
acity
Dec
rease
s
Cost
per B
it Inc
rease
sDirect Access
SequentialAccess
Direct Access Se
c ond
ary
Sto r
age
Prim
ary
Stor
age
Basic Components in a Telecommunications Network
TelecommunicationsSoftware
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2 3
4
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PCs, NCs, and Other Terminals
ComputersTelecommunicationsChannels and Media
TelecommunicationsProcessors
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Wire vs. Wireless Media
Wire Twisted pair wire
Coaxial cable
Fiber optic cable
Wireless Cellular radio Microwave transmission Satellite transmission
Global positioning system Radio & Infrared light Bluetooth
Telecommunications Strategic Capabilities
Overcome Geographic Barriers: Capture information about business transactions from remote locations.
Overcome Time Barriers: Provide information to remote locationsimmediately after it is requested.
Overcome Cost Barriers: Reduce the cost of more traditional means of communications. – Centralized Management
Overcome Structural Barriers: Support linkages for competitive advantage.
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Why Networks Need to share data, software, and hardware Centralized management Share access to outside sources
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Networks WAN LAN PAN VPN
Local Area Networks
NetworkServer
Shared Database and
Software Packages
SharedPrinter
PCPC
PC PC PC
Internetwork Processor to Other Networks
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WAN’s Network which extends geographical boundaries -
distance Network which joins remote networks – use of 3rd
party vendors Network which extends existing resources Change of protocols
Wide Area Networks
Other E-business Networks
RouterIntranetServer
Host System
IntranetServer
TheInternet
Fire wall
Fire wall
RouterExtranet
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Equipment Repeaters Bridges (DSU/CSU) Routers Hubs / Switches Interface Cards (NIC)
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Topology
The topology of a network is the physical layout and connectivity of a network. Ring topology Bus topology Star network
Network Topologies
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Types of Software Application software - set of computer instructions that directs
computer hardware to perform specific processing activities. General Purpose Specific
Systems software - controls and supports the computer hardware and its information processing activities between hardware and applications. System control programs System support programs System development programs
Categories of Computer Software
General-Purpose
Programs
Application-Specific
Programs
SystemManagement
Programs
System Development
Programs
ApplicationSoftware
ComputerSoftware
System Software
Common General Purpose Applications
Electronic Mail Word Processing Presentation Graphics Multimedia Personal Information Manager Groupware Presence Awareness (IM)
Web BrowsersDiscussion
GroupsSurf the Net Launch
InformationSearches
E-MailMultimedia
FileTransfer
Typical uses of a WebBrowser in Internet,
Intranet, and Extranet Environments
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Database Management Systems
The program (or group of programs) that provides access to a database is known as a database management system (DBMS).
There are many specialized databases, depending on the type or format of data stored. A geographical information database A knowledge database A multimedia database
KeyTechnologies
ofMultimedia
Video CaptureCard
AuthoringLanguage
Storyboard Compact DiskInteractive
Sound Board CompressedAudio
Digital VideoInteractive
MIDI Computer Edit System
InteractiveVideo Digital Audio
Multimedia Technologies
Internet ApplicationsSurf and
Internet Chat and
Discussion Forums
Download and Computer
Search Engines
E-CommerceTransfer
Protocol (FTP) and Telnet
Popular Uses of the
Internet
Categories of Programming Languages
Machine LanguagesUse binary coded instructions
1001 10011100 1101
High Level LanguagesUse brief statements
Compute X = Y + Z
Markup LanguagesUse embeddedcontrol codes
Assembler LanguagesUse symbolic codedinstructions
LOD YADD Z
Fourth GenerationLanguagesUse natural statements
Object-OrientedLanguagesDefine objects thatcontain data and actions
Document.write(“Hi There”)
<H1>First heading</H><!ELEMENT Product (#Item | manuf)>
SUM THE FOLLOWINGNUMBERS
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Corporate Portals A corporate portal refers to a company’s Web site that is used
as a gateway to the corporate data, information, and knowledge. (Single Point of Entrance) Knowledge bases and learning tools Business process support Customer-facing sales, marketing, and service Collaboration and project support Access to data from disparate corporate systems Internal company information Policies and procedures Best practices and lessons learned Human resources and benefits
Chapter Summary A computer system is a system of information
processing components that perform input, processing, output, storage and control functions.
Types of computers Peripheral devices used for input and output
come in a variety shape and sizes. Future trends are towards devices that communicate naturally and are quick and easier to use.
Computer software consists of two major types of programs: application software and system software.
There are several basic types of telecomm networks, including wide area networks (WANs) and local area networks (LANs).
Chapter Summary (cont)
Chapter Summary Organizations are becoming internetworked
enterprises that use the Internet, intranets, and other telecommunications networks to support e-business.
Telecommunications has entered a deregulated and fiercely competitive environment with many vendors, carriers, and services
A major trend is towards pervasive use of the Internet and its technologies to build interconnected enterprise and global networks.
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