BY:-Gourav Kottawar

Concept of Information Systems

HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005

What is a SYSTEM?

• A system is a group of interrelated components working together toward a common goal by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process.– Components and their attribution

• Systems structure: relationship between components• Subsystems

– Environment and Boundary– Input and Output S1

S2

S3S4

Systems structure

Subsystems

Systems Boundary

Environment

Systems Input Output

HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005

Abstract Concept of a Systems

INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS

FEEDBACK

HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005

Example: a manufacturing system

INPUTof raw materials

OUTPUT of finished products

ManufacturingPROCESS

Control byManagement

Control signals

Control signals

Feedback signals

Feedback signals

System Boundary

Environment

HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005

Pottery Company Organization Systems

INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS

Control byManagement

Control signals

Control signals

Feedback signals

Feedback signals

System Boundary

Environment

HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005

Systems Category in Pottery Company Systems

• Organization System• Function Systems

– Manufacturing System– Sell System– Procurement System– HR System– Finance System– Product design System– …….

• Infrastructure System– Plant system– Machine system– ……

• Information system– Informal IS, formal IS,

formal computer-based IS

• Logistics System, • Capital system

HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005

What is an Information Systems?

• An information system can be any organized combination of people, hardware, software, communications network, and data resources that collects, transforms, and disseminates information in an organization

HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005

Components of an Information System

Control

Input Process

Memory

Output

DataPeople

Software

network

computer

HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005

Information Systems In Pottery Company

• System:

• Information Product:

People resources

hardware resources

Software resources

Dataresources

Network resources

SpecialistsEnd users

MachinesMedia

ProgramsProcedure

Data entities and attribution

Communication hardwareCommunication software

HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005

Information Systems Activities• Input of Data

– Manual input by key, scanning, sound, image,… • Processing of Data into Information

– Calculate, sort, find, report, disseminate……• Output of Information Products

– Report, display, suggestion, ……• Storage of Data Resource

– Database, data file, maintenance, …..• Control of System Performance

– Audit, ……

HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005

DATA & INFORMATION & KWONLEDGE

• DATA: – Streams of raw facts representing events such

as business transactions, simple observations of the state of the world

• Easily structured• Easily captured on machines• Often quantified• Easily transferred

HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005

DATA & INFORMATION & KWONLEDGE

• INFORMATION: – Data endowed with relevance and purpose, or,

Clusters of facts meaningful & useful to human beings in processes such as making decisions.

• Requires unit of analysis• Need consensus on the meaning • Human mediation necessary

HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005

Data & Information

HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005

DATA & INFORMATION & KWONLEDGE

• KNOWLEDGE– Information from the human mind (includes

reflection, synthesis, context ), which guide human behavior in correct way.

– Information synthesized and contextualized to provide value.

• Hard to structure • Difficult to capture on machining • Hard to transfer

HUANG Lihua, Fudan UniversityFeb., - July., 2005

Wrap Up

• Concepts– A System– An information system– 5 resource components in an information

systems– A activities in an information System– Data, information and knowledge