Mission and Organization of the USN & USNR

Learning Objectives• The student will know:– The operational and administrative chains of

command within the DOD– The missions of the USN and USNR– The importance of the nuclear triad, the nuclear

chain of command, and the basics of naval nuclear weapons safety and security

Learning Objectives– The organization and importance of the Navy Reserve as a

component of mobilization readiness– The role the Navy Reserve plays in the total force concept– The role of the active forces in the training of the Navy

Reserve– The importance of channeling personnel serving with or

under the leadership into the Navy Reserve should they decide to leave active service

Learning Objectives• The student will know:– The role the Navy Reserve plays in the total force concept– The role of the active forces in the training of the Navy

Reserve– The importance of channeling personnel serving with or

under the leadership into the Navy Reserve should they decide to leave active service

– Comprehend the missions of the Navy

USN Present Status• Approximately 325,250 Active Duty

– Officers: 54,500– Enlisted: 266,250– MIDN: 4,500

• Deployable Battle Force Ships: 291– Currently Deployed: 102 (35%)– Underway for Local Ops/Training: 47 (16%)– Carriers Underway:

• CVN 70 (Pacific)• CVN 73 (West Pacific)• CVN 77 (5th Fleet)

• Operational Aircraft: 3700+

• Submarines: 60 (4 SSGN, 14 SSBN, 42 SSN)

Department of the Navy• US Navy born on October 13, 1775

• Mission– Guided by the Joint Maritime Strategy combines the efforts of USN,

USMC, USCG• Think of it as our corporate mission statement

– Organize, train, equip, prepare, and maintain readiness of the Navy and Marine Corps

– Support Navy and Marine forces when assigned to unified commands

Joint Maritime Strategy• Security

– Maritime forces are the first line of defense with the ability to deploy quickly and reach difficult locations

• Stability– 70% of the world is water– 80% of the world’s population lives on or near the coastline– 90% of the world’s commerce sails across it

• Sea Power– Unifying force and common denominator that enables global security, stability, and

prosperity• Preventing wars is an important as…• Collective security

– Trust and cooperation cannot be surged

DON Composition• Navy Department– SECNAV– CNO– Commandant of the Marine Corps

• Operating forces

• Shore establishments not directly involved in supporting the fleet (Recruiting Command, NROTC)

Secretary of the Navy• Civilian head of the Navy appointed by the President

– Must be at least 5 years removed from active military service• Made subordinate to the Secretary of Defense after the amendments made to

the National Security Act of 1947• Assistant Secretaries head offices of:

– Legislative affairs– Program appraisal– Research and development– Manpower– Others

Secretary of the Navy

• Honorable Ray Mabus

Chief of Naval Operations• Senior military officer in the Navy• Member of the JCS• Principal advisor to SECNAV and the

President• In command of all administrative and training

commands

Chief of Naval Operations (CNO)

• ADM Jonathan W. Greenert

Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy

• MCPON (AW/NAC) Mike D. Stevens

Unified Commands

Fleet Areas of Responsibility

Roles of the US Navy• Projection of power from sea to land• Sea control and Maritime supremacy• Strategic Deterrence• Strategic Sealift• Forward Naval Presence• Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Response

(HADR)

Projection of Power• Objectives

– Deliver and support troops ashore– Secure land from the enemy– Destroy offensive capability of opponent– Harassment / Intimidation

• Tactics– Amphibious Assault– Naval bombardment / Precision munitions– Tactical air projection– Deterrent patrol (SSBNs)

Projection of Power• Forces used:–Marines–Carrier Air Wings–Naval bombardment (CG/DDG)–Cruise missiles (Tomahawks)

Sea Control and Maritime Supremacy• Objectives–Maintain use of the sea, while denying its use to

the enemy• Control SLOC’s (Sea Lines Of Communication)

– Ensure industrial supply lines remain open– Reinforce/resupply military forces overseas– Provide wartime economic/military supplies to allies– Provide safety for naval forces projecting power ashore

Sea Control and Maritime Supremacy• Tactics– Sortie control• “Bottle up” the enemy in port through blockade

– Choke point control• Use geographic choke points to hinder enemy

– Open-area operations• Seek out and neutralize enemy on the open ocean

– Local engagement• Concentration of forces

Sea Control and Maritime Security• Forces used:–Carrier Air Wings–Surface combatants (CG, DDG, FFG, LCS)–Attack submarines (SSNs)–Mines

Strategic Deterrence• Objectives

– Deter all-out attack on US or allies– Pose the threat of unacceptable losses to a potential aggressor contemplating less

than all-out attack– Maintain a stable international political environment

• Background– Navy is responsible for one part of the nuclear triad

• US Strategic Command (STRATCOM) with B-1’s• Land-based missiles (Minutemen III)• Seagoing nuclear-powered Ohio-class SSBN’s

– With the end of the Cold War, SSBN’s are the primary mode of deterrence today.

Strategic Deterrence• Tactics– Assured second strike• Trident missile - 4,000+ mile range. 24 per sub• Submarine is a survivable and credible deterrent

– Controlled response• Attack plans can be changed in case of partial attack.• CVN, Tomahawk strike capability

– Deter rogue nations– Maintain balance of power

Strategic Sealift• Objective– To deliver US (and allied) forces and sustaining supplies

to any part of the world, whenever needed

• Tactics– Prepositioning– Surge– Sustainment

Forward Naval Presence• Objectives:–To deter actions not in the interests of the

United States or its allies–To encourage actions that are in the interests

of the United States or its allies

Forward Naval Presence• Tactics– Preventative deployments• Provides forward presence• Routine operations (MED, WESTPAC)

– Reactive deployments• Response to crisis• Iran, Beirut, Kuwait, Iraq

Forward Naval Presence• Forces used– Carrier Strike Groups• One CVN• Two CG• Two DDG• Two SSN• One FFG• One Supply ship

Mission of the USNR• Primary:– To deliver strategic depth and operational capability

to the Navy, Marine Corps, and Joint Forces

• Secondary:–Assist active force in accomplishing its peacetime

mission as a by-product of training for mobilization

Total Force Concept• Includes all the resources available to perform

national defense missions• Budgetary constraints do not make it feasible to

provide for an active force that is capable of handling all contingencies

• Training–Must be meaningful and mobilization-enhancing

History of the USNR• Revolution War was fought by citizen soldiers• March 1915 – Congress established a federal Naval

Reserve• 29 AUG 1916 – Navy Reserve Force formally organized– First official USN reservists hunting enemy U-boats

from the cockpit of biplanes• Summer 1941 – Nearly all members of Navy Reserve

were serving on Active Duty

History of the USNR• 1990s – More than 21,000 Reserve Sailors

supported Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm

• Today – Reserve Sailors make up approximately 20% of the Navy Total Force

USNR Present Status• Approximately 107,500 reservists

– Both officer and enlisted included• About 60,000 paid Selective Reservists (SELRES)• About 48,000 Individual Ready Reservists (IRR)• About 3,500 Reserves currently mobilized

• Some warfighting capabilities– Intra Theater Fleet Logistics Support (VR)– Adversary Squadrons (VFC)– Joint Logistics Over-the-Shore (JLOTS)– Intelligence

Manpower Categories• Ready Reserve, Standby Reserve, Retired Reserve

• Ready Reserve– Provides a pool of trained Sailors ready to step in and serve whenever

and wherever needed– Consists of

• Selected Reserve (SELRES)– Drilling Reservists– Full-Time Support (FTS) personnel

• Individual Ready Reserve (IRR)

Selected Reserve• Drilling Reserve

– Navy’s primary source of immediate manpower– Typically fulfill traditional service commitment of one weekend per

month and two weeks per year– Approximately 52,000 drilling RC Sailors

• Full-Time Support– Perform full-time Active Duty service to support the training and

administration of the Navy Reserve program– Career program and pay is the same as Active Duty members– Approximately 10,000 FTS Sailors

Individual Ready Reserve• Subject to full and partial mobilization• Members are not required to train• Consists of individuals who have had training

or have previously served in an Active Duty component or in the Selected Reserve

• Approximately 47,000 Sailors

Standby Reserve• Personnel who maintain their affiliation without

being in the Ready Reserve• Designated as key civilian employees or who have

temporary hardship or disability• Not required to perform training or be part of units• May be involuntarily mobilized for the duration of

a war or emergency and for 6 months afterwards

Retired Reserve• Comprises all Reserve personnel who receive

retired pay on the basis of active duty and/or reserve service

• Comprises all Reserve personnel who are otherwise eligible for retired pay but have not reached age 60

USNR Structure• Commissioned units

– Composed of ships, squadrons, and Expeditionary Combat Commands• These are complete units delivered to an operating force

• Augmentation units– Over 2,500 units augment Active Navy commissioned units and

operating staffs with trained personnel, permitting combat forces to operate at the highest level of readiness

– May also reinforce fleet and force support activities with trained personnel to provide surge capability

USNR Administration• Organization–Chief of Navy Reserve (CNR)•Vice Admiral within the DON who is

responsible for preparation, justification, and execution of the personnel, operation and maintenance, and construction budgets for the Navy Reserve

USNR Administration• Installations

– 122 Navy Operational Support Centers (NOSC) across the country• Provide a readiness and training facility when not at their Fleet

commands• Perform mobilization process, community outreach, CACO duties,

funeral honors, and provide for Humanitarian Assignments (HUMS)

• At least 1 NOSC in each state, Puerto Rico, and Guam– 2 Navy Reserve Air Wings and 24 Navy Reserve squadrons

comprising approximately 5% of all Navy aircraft

USNR Leadership Support• Subordinates leaving Active Duty should be

strongly encouraged to affiliate with the Selected Reserve in a drilling status

• They can continue their Navy career, and receive health care and retirement benefits, in addition to competitive part-time pay

• The Navy benefits by retaining trained Sailors