• Mission Pledge:  As part of HMS I will seek to create a positive learning environment in which all students will excel today, tomorrow, and forever.

• K-W-L:Energy

• Mission Pledge:  As part of HMS I will seek to create a positive learning environment in which all students will excel today, tomorrow, and forever.

“Check Yourself”• A _______ _______ is anything that restricts

the number of individuals in a population.

Carrying Capacity Limiting Capacity

Carrying Factor Limiting Factor

• Mission Pledge:  As part of HMS I will seek to create a positive learning environment in which all students will excel today, tomorrow, and forever.

“Check Yourself”• ________ ________ is the largest number of

individuals of one species that an ecosystem can support over time.

Carrying Capacity Limiting Capacity

Carrying Factor Limiting Factor

• Mission Pledge:  As part of HMS I will seek to create a positive learning environment in which all students will excel today, tomorrow, and forever.

“Check Yourself”• __________ use the Sun to make their own

food. • Conductors Players• Consumers Producers

• An ecosystem is all the organisms living in an area, as well as the nonliving parts of that environment.

Ecosystems 11Living EarthLiving Earth

• A population is all organisms of the same species that live in an area at the same time.

Populations11Living EarthLiving Earth

• For example, all the bison in a prairie ecosystem are one population.

• A community is all the populations of all species living in an ecosystem.

11Living EarthLiving Earth

• An arctic community might include populations of fish, seals that eat fish, and polar bears that hunt and eat seals.

Populations

• Each organism in an ecosystem needs a place to live.

11Living EarthLiving Earth

• Habitat is the place in which an organism lives.

• An organism’s habitat provides the kinds of food and shelter, the temperature, and the amount of moisture the organism needs to survive.

Habitats

• In any ecosystem the availability of food, water, living space, mates, nesting sites, and other resources is often limited.

Limiting Factors 22

PopulationsPopulations

• A limiting factor is anything that restricts the number of individuals in a population.

• Limiting factors include living and nonliving features of the ecosystem.

• Carrying capacity is the largest number of individuals of one species that an ecosystem can support over time.

Carrying Capacity 22

PopulationsPopulations

• If a population begins to exceed the environment’s carrying capacity, some individuals could die or be forced to move elsewhere. Click image to view movie.

• Producers use the Sun to make their own food.

Producers 33Interactions Within CommunitiesInteractions Within Communities

• Most producers contain chlorophyll, a chemical that is required for photosynthesis.

• Organisms that cannot make their own energy-rich molecules are called consumers.

Consumers 33

Interactions Within CommunitiesInteractions Within Communities

• Consumers obtain energy by eating other organisms.

• Many organisms live together and share resources in other ways.

Symbiotic Relationships 33

Interactions Within CommunitiesInteractions Within Communities

• Symbiosis is any close relationship between species.

Mutualism33Interactions Within CommunitiesInteractions Within Communities

• Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit.

• Commensalisms is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is not affected.

33Interactions Within CommunitiesInteractions Within Communities

Commensalism

Parasitism 33Interactions Within CommunitiesInteractions Within Communities

• Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits but the other is harmed.

Predator and Prey 33Interactions Within CommunitiesInteractions Within Communities

• Predators are consumers that capture and eat other consumers.

• Prey is the organism that is captured by the predator.

Food Chains• A food chain is a way of showing how

energy passes from one organism to another.

• Producers are always the first step in a food chain.

Energy FlowEnergy Flow

33

• Consumers are always the second step in a food chain.

Food Chains• Consumers that eat other consumers are the

third and higher steps of food chains.

Energy FlowEnergy Flow

33

A food web is a model that shows all the possible food chains among the organisms in a community.

Food Webs

Energy FlowEnergy Flow

33

An energy pyramid shows the amount of energy available at each feeding level in an ecosystem.

Available Energy

Energy FlowEnergy Flow

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