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MISSOC

Mutual information system on social protection

Social protection in the Member States of the European Union, of the European Economic Area and in Switzerland

Situation on 1 January 2005

Employment & social affairs

Social security & social integration

European Commission Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities

Unit E.4

2005

The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the opinion or position of the European Commission, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities. If you are interested in receiving the electronic newsletter "ESmail" from the European Commission's Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, please send an e-mail to [email protected]. The newsletter is published on a regular basis in English, French and German. MISSOC-Secretariat: ISG Otto-Blume-Institut für Sozialforschung und Gesellschaftspolitik e.V. Barbarossaplatz 2 50674 Köln Germany Tel.: (+49-221) 23 54 73 Fax: (+49-221) 21 52 67

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A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int). This document is only available as a PDF-file. It is not available as a printed publication. © European Communities, 2005 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.

Table of contents Introduction 7 Organisation of social protection 17 Comparative Tables on social protection Part I: Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Estonia,

Greece, Spain, France, Ireland, Iceland 77 I Financing 79 II Health care 103 III Sickness - Cash benefits 125 IV Maternity/Paternity 139 V Invalidity 151 VI Old-Age 177 VII Survivors 209 VIII Employment injuries and occupational diseases 231 IX Family benefits 257 X Unemployment 279 XI Guaranteeing of sufficient resources 311 XII Long-term care 347

Part II: Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,

Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, The Netherlands, Norway 367 I Financing 369 II Health care 393 III Sickness - Cash benefits 417

IV Maternity/Paternity 431 V Invalidity 441 VI Old-Age 475 VII Survivors 505 VIII Employment injuries and occupational diseases 527 IX Family benefits 557 X Unemployment 585 XI Guarantee of sufficient resources 611 XII Long-term care 649

Part III: Austria, Poland, Portugal, Switzerland, Slovenia,

Slovakia, Finland, Sweden, United Kingdom 667 I Financing 669 II Health care 693 III Sickness - Cash benefits 715 IV Maternity/Paternity 727 V Invalidity 739 VI Old-Age 771 VII Survivors 801 VIII Employment injuries and occupational diseases 825 IX Family benefits 853 X Unemployment 881 XI Guarantee of sufficient resources 911 XII Long-term care 945

Annex: Social protection of the self-employed 965

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INTRODUCTION MISSOC, the "Mutual Information System on Social Protection in the European Union", was founded by the European Commission in 1990 in order to provide a continuous and comprehensive exchange of information regarding social protec-tion between the Member States of the European Union. Since then, the MISSOC has become an important base of information concerning the current state of legislation on social protection. Today, the information system includes all 25 Member States, the three countries of the European economic area - Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway - as well as Switzerland. MISSOC is based on close co-operation between the European Commission, the network of the official representatives of the participating countries and the Se-cretariat appointed by the European Commission. The entire co-ordination of the MISSOC is administered by the European Commission, Directorate General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, Unit E/4. To guarantee the reliability of information published by the MISSOC, each partici-pating country is represented by one or two correspondents from the national ministries or institutions that are responsible for the area of social protection. In the alphabetical order of the participating countries in their respective languages, the following persons are the correspondents at the time of printing of this publi-cation: Belgium Jacques Donis

Service Public Fédéral Sécurité Sociale (Federal public service Social Security) 1060 Bruxelles

Czech Republic Daniela Skývová

Aneta Wolfová Ministerstvo práce a sociálních věcí (Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs) 12801 Praha 2

Denmark Carsten de Teilman Hald

Socialministeriet (Ministry of Social Affairs) 1060 København K Jakob Schmidth Den Sociale Sikringsstyrelse (National Social Security Agency) 1119 København K

Germany Arno Bokeloh

Daniela Sell Bundesministerium für Gesundheit und Soziale Sicherung (Federal Ministry of Health and Social Security) 53123 Bonn

Estonia Heli Sildmäe

Agne Nettan Sotsiaalministeerium (Ministry of Social Affairs) Tallinn 15027

Greece Nikos Gryllis

Artemis Dedouli ΥΠΟΥΡΓΕΙΟ ΑΠΑΣΧΟΛΗΣΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΗΣ ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΙΑΣ (Ministry of Employment and Social Protection) 10110 Athènes

Spain Pilar García Perea

Herminia García García Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social (National Institute for Social Security) 28036 Madrid

France Marie-Agnès Goupil

Ministère des Solidarités, de la Santé et de la Famille (Ministry of Solidarity, Health and Family) 75350 Paris Nicole Deletang Centre des Liaisons européennes et internationales de Sécurité Sociale (CLEISS) (Centre of European and International liasons for social security) 75426 Paris

Ireland Denis Moynihan

Joan Gordon Department of Social and Family Affairs Aras Mhic Dhiarmada Dublin 1

8

Iceland Vilborg Hauksdottir Heilbrigðis- og tryggingamálaráðuneytið (Ministry of Health and Social Security) 104 Reykjavik Hildur Sverrisdottir Tryggingastofnun ríkisins (State Social Security Institute) 105 Reykjavik

Italy Monica-Enza Amato

Ministero del Lavoro e delle Politiche Sociali (Ministry of Labour and Social Policy) 00187 Roma Vera Donatini Istituto nazionale della previdenza sociale I.N.P.S. Sede Regionale Lazio (National Institute for Social Protection) 00196 Roma

Cyprus Soula Floridou

Rena Georgiou Υπουργείο Εργασίας και Κοινωνικών Ασφαλίσεων (Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance) 1465 Nicosia

Latvia Linda Liepa

Labklājības Ministrija (Ministry of Welfare) 1331 Riga Evija Dompalma Veselības Ministrija (Ministry of Health) 1010 Riga

Liechtenstein Kornelia Vallaster

Amt für Volkswirtschaft (Office of National Economic Affairs) 9490 Vaduz Jürgen Seeliger Liechtensteinische Alters- und Hinterlassenenversicherung (National Institute for Old-age and Survivors' Insurance) 9490 Vaduz

Lithuania Grazina Jalinskiene Kristina Vysniauskaite-Radinskiene Socialinės apsaugos ir darbo ministerija (Ministry of Social Security and Labour) 03610 Vilnius

Luxemburg Claude Ewen

Mady Kries Ministère de la Sécurité Sociale (Ministry of Social Security) 1013 Luxembourg

Hungary Judith Rézmüves

László Bencze Egészségügyi Minisztérium (Ministry of Health) Budapest 1051

Malta Mark Musù

Jesmond Schembri Ministry for the Family and Social Solidarity Valletta CMR 02

The Netherlands Henny Zunderman

Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid (Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment) 2509 LV Den Haag Heleen Naber Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport (Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport) 2500 EJ Den Haag

Norway Anne-Louise Resberg

Arbeids- og sosialdepartementet (Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs) 0030 Oslo Svein Kirkeleite Rikstrygdeverket (National Insurance Administration) 0426 Oslo

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Austria Christoph Pramhas Manfred Pöltl Bundesministerium für Soziale Sicherheit, Generationen und Konsumentenschutz (Federal Ministry of Social Security, Generations and Consumer Protection) 1010 Wien

Poland Elzbieta Rozek

Joanna Knyzewska Ministerstwo Polityki Społecznej (Ministry of Social Policy) 00513 Warszawa

Portugal Amélia Pereira da Silva

Maria Virgínia Brás Gomes Ministerio da Segurança Social, da Familia e da Criança (Ministry of Social Security, Labour, Family and Childhood) 1269-144 Lisboa

Switzerland Elisabeth Imesch

Claudina Mascetta Bundesamt für Sozialversicherung (Federal Social Insurance Office) 3003 Bern

Slovenia Janja Kaker

Ministrstvo za Delo, Družino in Socialne Zadeve (Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Affairs) 1000 Ljubljana

Slovakia Rastislav Bednárik

Silvia Rybárová Ministerstvo Práce, Sociálnych Vecí a Rodiny SR (Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Family) 81643 Bratislava

Finland Katriina Alaviuhkola

Tiina Palotie-Heino Carin Lindqvist-Virtanen Sosiaali-ja terveysministeriö (Ministry of Social Affairs and Health) 00023 Valtioneuvosto

Sweden Bengt Sibbmark Socialdepartementet (Ministry of Health and Social Affairs) 10333 Stockholm Hans Hjertstrand Försäkringskassan (Swedish Social Insurance Agency) 10351 Stockholm

United Kingdom Mary Gough

Satish Parmar Department for Work and Pensions London SW1H 9NA

The MISSOC secretariat, appointed by the European Commission, is responsible for the ongoing co-ordination of the network and the preparation of its publica-tions. These tasks are carried out by the Otto-Blume-Institut für Sozialforschung und Gesellschaftspolitik (ISG) e.V., Barbarossaplatz 2, 50674 Cologne, Ger-many. The secretariat is directed by Wilhelm Breuer, permanent members are Emanuela Ciavarini Azzi, Heike Engel and Katrin Ridder (all ISG Cologne) who are further supported by Yves Jorens (Ghent), Francis Kessler (Paris), Patrina Paparrigopoulou (Athens) and Markéta Vylítová (Prague) as experts. The first part of this publication addresses the organisation of social protection in the 29 participating countries. The organisational structure for each country is de-picted in an organisation chart, which is accompanied by a descriptive text. For quick access to further information, this text also contains the Internet addresses of the ministers responsible for social protection as well as the most important in-stitutions. The second part of the publication contains a presentation of the statutory regula-tions regarding social protection in the form of 12 tables, which can be compared to one another. To make the presentation more concise and manageable for the user, this section is divided into three parts, each containing 9-10 countries. This listing is also in alphabetical order according to the names as written in the lan-guage of the respective country.

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Part 1 Belgium (Belgique) Greece (Ellas) Czech Republic (Česká republika) Spain (España) Denmark (Danmark) France Germany (Deutschland) Ireland Estonia (Eesti) Iceland (Ísland) Part 2 Italy (Italia) Luxembourg Cyprus (Kypros) Hungary (Magyarország) Latvia (Latvija) Malta Liechtenstein The Netherlands (Nederland) Lithuania (Lietuva) Norway (Norge) Part 3 Austria (Österreich) Slovakia (Slovensko) Poland (Polska) Finland (Suomi - Finland) Portugal Sweden (Sverige) Switzerland (Schweiz-Suisse-Svizzera) United Kingdom Slovenia (Slovenija) In this main section of the publication, the regulations regarding the core areas of social protection for all participating countries, are presented in the form of 12 ta-bles reflecting the situation as of 1 January 2005. The first table addresses the central aspects of financing social protection: 1) the principal of finance for the individual areas of social protection, 2) the contribution of the insured and their employer, 3) the state's share regarding financing and 4) the financing system for long-term benefits. The following Tables II-XI address the integral regulations concerning the most important categories of social protection: non-cash and cash benefits during ill-ness, maternity and disability, benefits for the elderly and the bereaved, benefits for accidents occurring at the workplace, occupational illnesses, family benefits, unemployment benefits, minimum protection and nursing care benefits. The following information is presented in detail in the tables:

Table II: Health care Applicable statutory basis Basic principles Field of application

1. Beneficiaries 2. Exemptions from the compulsory insurance 3. Voluntarily insured 4. Eligible dependants

Conditions 1. Qualifying period 2. Duration of benefits

Organisation 1. Doctors:

Approval Remuneration

2. Hospitals Benefits

1. Medical treatment: Choice of doctor Access to specialists Payment of doctor Patient’s participation Exemption or reduction of patient's participation

2. Hospitalisation: Choice of hospital Patient's participation Exemption or reduction of patient's participation

3. Dental care: Treatment Dental prosthesis

4. Pharmaceutical products 5. Prosthesis, spectacles, hearing-aids 6. Other benefits

Table III: Sickness - Cash benefits

Applicable statutory basis Basic principles Field of application

1. Beneficiaries 2. Membership ceiling 3. Exemptions from compulsory insurance

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Conditions 1. Proof of incapacity for work 2. Qualifying period 3. Other conditions

Waiting period Benefits

1. Benefits paid by employers 2. Benefits of social protection

Amount of the benefits Duration of benefits Special conditions for unemployed Death grant Other benefits

Taxation and social contributions 1. Taxation of cash benefits 2. Limit of income for tax relief or tax reduction 3. Social security contributions from benefits

Table IV: Maternity/Paternity


1. Benefits in kind 2. Cash benefits

Conditions 1. Benefits in kind 2. Cash benefits

Benefits 1. Benefits in kind 2. Maternity leave

Prior to and after confinement Continuation of payment by the employer

3. Cash benefits Taxation and social contributions

1. Taxation of cash benefits 2. Limit of income for tax relief or tax reduction 3. Social security contributions from benefits

Table V: Invalidity Applicable statutory basis Basic principles Field of application Exemptions from compulsory insurance Risk covered Definitions Conditions

1. Minimum level of incapacity for work 2. Period for which cover is given 3. Minimum period of affiliation for entitlement

Benefits 1. Determining factors for the amount of benefits 2. Calculation method, pension formula or amounts 3. Reference earnings or calculation basis 4. Non contributory periods credited or taken into consideration 5. Supplements for dependants

Spouse Children

6. Minimum pension 7. Maximum pension 8. Other benefits

Adjustment Accumulation with other social security benefits Accumulation with earnings from work Return to active life

1. Rehabilitation, retraining 2. Preferential employment of handicapped persons

Taxation and social contributions 1. Taxation of pension benefits 2. Limit of income for tax relief or tax reduction 3. Social security contributions from pension

Table VI: Old-Age

Applicable statutory basis Basic principles Field of application Exemptions from compulsory insurance Conditions

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1. Minimum period of membership 2. Conditions for drawing full pension 3. Legal retirement age

Standard pension Early pension Deferred pension

Benefits 1. Determining factors 2. Calculation method or pension formula 3. Reference earnings or calculation basis 4. Non-contributory periods credited or taken into consideration 5. Supplements for dependants

Spouse Children

6. Special supplements 7. Minimum pension 8. Maximum pension 9. Early pension

10. Deferment Adjustment Partial pension Accumulation with earnings from work Taxation and social contributions

1. Taxation of pension benefits 2. Limit of income for tax relief or tax reduction 3. Social security contributions from pension

Table VII: Survivors

Applicable statutory basis Basic principles Field of application Exemptions from compulsory insurance Entitled persons Conditions

1. Deceased insured person 2. Surviving spouse 3. Children 4. Other persons

Benefits 1. Surviving spouse

2. Surviving spouse: remarriage 3. Orphan children 4. Other beneficiaries 5. Maximum for all those entitled to benefits 6. Other benefits 7. Minimum pension 8. Maximum pension

Taxation and social contributions 1. Taxation of cash benefits 2. Limit of income for tax relief or tax reduction 3. Social security contributions from benefits

Table VIII: Employment injuries and occupational diseases


1. Beneficiaries 2. Exemptions from the compulsory insurance 3. Voluntarily insured

Risks covered 1. Employment injuries 2. Travel between home and work 3. Occupational diseases

Conditions 1. Employment injuries 2. Occupational diseases

Benefits 1. Temporary incapacity:

Benefits in kind Free choice of doctor or hospital Payment of costs and contribution by person involved Duration of benefits

Cash benefits Waiting period Duration Amount of the benefit

2. Permanent incapacity Minimum level of incapacity giving entitlement to compensa-tion Fixing level of incapacity Possibility of review

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Basic earnings used for calculating annuity Amount or formula Supplements for dependants Supplements for care by another person Redemption Accumulation with new earnings from work Accumulation with other pensions

3. Death Surviving spouse Orphans Dependent parents and other relatives Maximum for all beneficiaries Capital sum on death

4. Rehabilitation 5. Other benefits

Adjustment Taxation and social contributions

1. Taxation of cash benefits 2. Limit of income for tax relief or tax reduction 3. Social security contributions from benefits

Table IX: Family Benefits

Applicable statutory basis Child benefit

1. Basic principles 2. Field of application: beneficiaries 3. Conditions

Residence of the child Other conditions

4. Age limit 5. Benefits

Monthly amounts Variation with income Variation with age

Child-raising allowances 1. Basic principles 2. Field of application: beneficiaries 3. Conditions 4. Amounts of benefits

Other benefits 1. Birth and adoption grants

2. Child care allowances 3. Allowance for single parents 4. Special allowances for handicapped children 5. Advance on maintenance payments 6. Other allowances

Special cases: 1. Unemployed persons 2. Pensioners 3. Orphans



Table X: Unemployment

Applicable statutory basis Basic principles Field of application Total unemployment

1. Conditions Main conditions Qualifying period Means test Waiting period

2. Benefits Determining factors Earnings taken as reference and ceiling Rates of the benefits Family supplements Other supplements Duration of payment

3. Sanctions 4. Accumulation with other social security benefits 5. Accumulation with earnings from work

Partial unemployment 1. Definition 2. Conditions 3. Rates of the benefits 4. Sanctions 5. Accumulation with other social security benefits

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6. Accumulation with earnings from work Benefits for older unemployed

1. Measure 2. Conditions 3. Rates of the benefits 4. Accumulation



Table XI: Guarantee of sufficient resources

General non-contributory minimum: Designation Applicable statutory basis Basic principles Entitled persons / beneficiaries General conditions

1. Duration 2. Nationality 3. Residence 4. Age 5. Willingness to work 6. Exhaustion of other claims 7. Other conditions

Guaranteed Minimum 1. Determination of the minimum 2. Level of determination 3. Domestic unit for the calculation of resources 4. Resources taken into account

Guaranteed amounts 1. Categories 2. Specific supplements and single benefits 3. Guaranteed minimum and family allowances 4. Examples 5. Relations between the amounts

Recovery Indexation Taxation and social contributions


Measures stimulating social and professional integration Associated rights

1. Health 2. Housing and heating

Other specific non- contributory minima: I. Old-age

1. Designation 2. Principle 3. Main conditions of eligibility 4. Amount payable

II. Invalidity 1. Designation 2. Principle 3. Main conditions of eligibility 4. Amount payable

III. Other specific non-contributory minima Table XII: Long-term care

Applicable statutory basis Basic principles Risk covered Definition Field of application Conditions

1. Age 2. Qualifying period

Benefits in kind 1. Home care 2. Semi stationary care 3. Nursing home care 4. Other benefits

Cash benefits 1. Home care 2. Semi stationary care 3. Nursing home care 4. Other benefits

Participation of the beneficiary Accumulation Taxation

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The 306 topics dealt with in the tables were determined jointly by the European Commission and the MISSOC representatives of the participating countries; the selection was made solely for the purpose of the mutual information system and has no direct link with Regulation (EC) No. 1408/71. Naturally, this base of information does not lay any claim to completeness. The purpose is not in the representation of all the regulations in detail; but rather to clarify, for quick comparison, the main characteristics of the different legislations. To simplify access to further sources, an appropriate notation in the language of the country is given, which links the user to the respective law. The representation is also not flawless in regards to the system of social protec-tion outlined. Basically, MISSOC is confined to the so-called "general systems" of state social protection, which - depending upon country and area - are either uni-versal systems covering the entire population, or systems bound to gainful employment, protecting the "active" population (i.e. the job holder and the self-employed), or; systems linked to the employee status referring solely to employ-ees. The scope of the "general system", as a rule, is limited to the statutory basic protection of the so-called "1st pillar". Supplementary systems of the 2nd and 3rd pillars, based on voluntary membership or on collective agreements, are not a topic of MISSOC. As a rule, the social protection of civil servants is not addressed; in as much as it comes under the framework of independent "special" systems (i.e. Belgium, Ger-many, Luxembourg, Norway, Austria and Poland). Nor is the case of military per-sonnel discussed if they also pertain to "special" systems (i.e. in Lithuania, Malta or Slovakia). Also not under consideration are the "special" systems (as well as particular regulations within the "general system") for miners (i.e. Belgium, Ger-many, France, Austria and Spain), for workers in shipping (Belgium and Spain) or for those belonging to particular professional groups (such as agricultural workers in France, the bank employees, football players and basketball players in Portu-gal, or domestic workers in Spain, or those who come under the manifold career-specific regulations of Greece). The social protection of the self-employed is only addressed in Tables I-XII if they are a part of a "general system". Any others will only be addressed in an annex. This annex, "Social Protection of the Self-employed", comprises the third and last section of the publication. Also here, in view of the many protection systems that exist in Europe, a flawless depiction of the existing protection systems cannot be presented. For all those countries where there is no uniform system of social pro-tection of the self-employed, the representation is limited to the basic groups of self-employed farmers, handcrafts and tradesmen. Specific schemes for mem-bers of the classic "liberal professions" will not be addressed for the time being.

For those participating countries that do not belong to the Euro zone, in the inter-est of making comparisons, all amounts will be given in both the respective na-tional currency as well as in euros. As a basis for calculation, the official ex-change rate from 3.1.2005 will be used. One euro corresponds to:

30.36100 CZK The Czech Republic 7.43710 DKK Denmark

15.64660 EEK Estonia 83.39000 ISK Iceland

0.58000 CYP Cyprus 0.69640 LVL Latvia 1.54440 CHF Liechtenstein 3.45280 LTL Lithuania

245.58000 HUF Hungary 0.43430 MTL Malta 8.21350 NOK Norway 4.07740 PLN Poland 1.54440 CHF Switzerland

239.78000 SIT Slovenia 38.65500 SKK Slovakia

8.97580 SEK Sweden 0.70725 GBP United Kingdom

MISSOC publications are available in three languages (German, English and French). The technical aspects of publication and dissemination are the responsi-bility of the Office for Official Publications of the European Communities in Lux-embourg. All MISSOC information is also available on the Internet, it can be accessed via the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int). MISSOC Secretariat

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Organisation of social protection

Charts and descriptions

Situation on 1 January 2005

18

Belgium In proper terms social security is a national affair which is subject to the competence of the Minister in charge of social affairs, of the Minister for employment (Ministre de l'Emploi), of the Minister for pensions (Ministre des Pensions), of the Minister for public affairs, social integra-tion, development of big cities and equal op-portunities (Ministre de la Fonction publique, de l'Inté-gration sociale, de la politique des grandes villes et de l'égalité des chances) and of the Secretary of State for family affairs and people with dis-abilities (Secrétaire d'Etat aux familles et aux person-nes handicapées). The National Social Security Office (Office na-tional de Sécurité sociale) is an institution of public interest which has the task to collect contribu-tions (with the exception of employment inju-ries) and to allocate the funds between the central institutions responsible for the admini-stration of the different branches of social se-curity. A Management Committee which is com-posed of an equal number of representatives of the employers and employees, appointed by the King, runs this office and these institu-tions with equal representation. In some cases these are also representatives of or-ganisations that are interested or involved in a special insurance branch; this applies above all for family benefits and health care. The Committee is presided by an independent person, frequently a member of Parliament, or a high-ranking official. The Committee has a self-administration in the sense that it can take decisions as regards administration. However, policies, legislation and general regulations are in principle the task of Parlia-ment, the King or the competent ministry. An important detail consists in the fact that the competent minister normally has to consult the Committee when drafts for a law or regu-lations are on the agenda which concern the activities of the Fund. The competent minister presides the Committee via a Commissioner of the Government who has to be vigilant that the decisions of the Committee are not con-trary to the general rules and the general in-terest. If this were the case the minister could annul the decision questioned.

Sickness, maternity, invalidity The field of sickness, maternity and invalidity is run by the National Institute for Sickness and Invalidity Insurance (Institut national d'assur-ance maladie-invalidité, INAMI), which above all distributes the financial resources between the different insurance funds responsible for the benefits (mutual insurance companies, which are affiliated to one of the five national associations of recognised mutual insurance companies, regional offices of the Auxiliary Sickness and Invalidity Fund or the Health Care Fund of the Belgium National Railway Company). The choice of insurance fund is free with the exception of the employees of the Belgium National Railway Company. Old-age and survivors The field of old-age and survivors' pensions is run by the National Pension Office (Office natio-nal des pensions), which is in charge of the as-sessment and payment of pensions. The ap-plication for a pension will be made via the lo-cal administration of the town in which the ap-plicant is resident. Employment injuries and occupational dis-eases Employment injuries: This field is run by the Employment Injuries Fund, whose task is above all to grant benefits in the form of dam-ages of sailors, seamen, and employers that do not meet their obligations. The Employ-ment Injuries Fund makes a technical, medi-cal, and financial control, and ratifies the agreement settling the employment injury between the victim and the insurance fund. The employers have to insure the risks of ac-cidents at work with a registered insurance fund or a common insurance fund to the benefit of their staff. Occupational diseases: the Occupational Dis-eases Fund has the monopoly on occupa-tional diseases insurance. This fund also im-plements the legal regulations in the field of prevention. Family benefits The implementation of legislation is carried out on the one hand by the National Family Benefits Offices for Employees (Office national d'allocations familiales pour travailleurs salariés) and the special Compensation Funds for Family Benefits and on the other hand by the inde-

pendent Compensation Funds. The main tasks of the National Office are: to distribute the financial resources between the different compensation funds and to guarantee the role of a compensation fund for the employers in-sured with the Office. Furthermore the Office has been allocated the supervision of the compensation funds. For some occupations special funds have been created (public funds), which the corresponding employers should join. The independent Compensation Funds are institutions which have been founded upon the employers' initiative and managed by them. They are approved by the King and can only be responsible for the granting of statutorily provided benefits. Unemployment The field of unemployment is run by the Na-tional Employment Office (Office national de l'em-ploi) and its regional units, which will decide on the concerned person's entitlement. The pay-ment of benefits is made by the registered trade union organisation of which the em-ployee is member or by the auxiliary fund for payment of unemployment benefit that has re-ceived the application. Social assistance The field of social assistance falls within the scope of the Minister for pensions, of the Min-ister for social integration, and of the Secre-tary of State for family affairs and people with disabilities. The minimum guaranteed income for old persons is granted by the National Pension Office (Office national des pensions). The right to social integration (like the integration income, revenu d'intégration) is granted by the concerned Public Social Assistance Centre (Centre Public d'action sociale) (there are 589 cen-tres in Belgium). The Division managing benefits for people with disabilities of the Public Federal Service of Social Security (Ser-vice public fédéral de Sécurité sociale) delivers al-lowances for people with disabilities.

Important addresses Federal public service Social Security: SERVICE PUBLIC FEDERAL SECURITE SOCIALE Eurostation II Place Victor Horta, 40 bte 20 – 5ème étage 1060 BRUXELLES www.socialsecurity.fgov.be FPS Employment, Labour and Social Dialogue: SERVICE PUBLIC FÉDÉRAL EMPLOI, TRAVAIL ET CONCERTATION SOCIALE Rue Ernest Blerot, 1 1070 BRUXELLES www.meta.fgov.be National Office for social security: OFFICE NATIONAL DE SECURITE SOCIALE Place Victor Horta, 11 1060 BRUXELLES www.onssrszlss.fgov.be Institute for sickness and invalidity insurance: INSTITUT NATIONAL D'ASSURANCE MALADIE-INVALIDITE (I.N.A.M.I.) Avenue de Tervuren, 211 1150 BRUXELLES www.inami.fgov.be and www.riziv.be National Office for pensions: OFFICE NATIONAL DES PENSIONS (O.N.P.) Tour du Midi 1060 BRUXELLES www.onprvp.fgov.be National Office for family benefits to employees: OFFICE NATIONAL D'ALLOCATIONS FAMILIALES POUR TRAVAILLEURS SALARIES (O.N.A.F.T.S.) Rue de Trèves, 70 1040 BRUXELLES www.onafts.fgov.be Professional diseases fund: FONDS DES MALADIES PROFESSIONNELLES (F.M.P.) Avenue de l'Astronomie, 1 1210 BRUXELLES www.fmp.fgov.be and www.fbz.fgov.be Work injury fund: FONDS DES ACCIDENTS DU TRAVAIL (F.A.T.) Rue du Trône, 100 1040 BRUXELLES www.fat.fgov.be and www.fao.fgov.be National Office for employment: OFFICE NATIONAL DE L'EMPLOI (O.N.E.M.) Boulevard de l'Empereur, 7 1000 BRUXELLES www.onem.be and www.rva.be

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Organisation of social protection Belgium 1.1.2005

Federal Public Service for Social Security

Service Public Fédéral Sécurité Sociale

Public Service for

Planning Social Integra-tion, Combat

against Poverty and Social Economy

Federal Public

Service for Employment,

Work and Social Concertation

Federal Public Service for Social Security

Service Public Fédéral Sécurité Sociale

Sickness Maternity Invalidity

Old-Age Survivors

Employment

injuries Occupational

diseases

Family benefits

Right to social

integration

Unemployment

Insurance in case of bank-

ruptcy

Family benefits


Old-Age Survivors

Social Insurance Funds for Self-Em-ployed (Caisses d'assurances sociales pour travailleurs indépendants)

+ National Auxiliary Fund (Caisse na-tionale auxiliaire)

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Payment of benefits

National Insti-tute for Sickness and Invalidity Insurance (INAMI)

Recognised mutual insur-ance companies

Auxiliary Sick-ness and Inva-lidity Fund (Caisse auxi-liaire)

- - - - - - - - - - - - -Payment of

benefits

National Insurance Institute for Self-Employed (Institut national d'assurances sociales pour travailleurs in-dépendants, INASTI)

National Pension Office (Office national des pensions, ONP)

- - - - - - - - - - - - -

Payment of benefits

National Institute for Sickness and Invalidity Insur-ance (INAMI) (separate man-agement for health care and cash benefits) National unions of recognised mutual insur-ance companies or Auxiliary Sick-ness and Invalid-ity Fund or Health Care Fund of the Bel-gian National Railways Mutual Insur-ance Companies or offices of the Auxiliary Fund

National Pension Office (Office na-tional des pen-sions, ONP)

Occupational Diseases Fund (Fonds de mala-dies profession-nelles, FMP)

Employment Inju-ries Fund (Fonds des accidents du travail, FAT)

Common funds or registered pri-vate insurance companies (for employment inju-ries)

National Family Benefits Office for Employees (Office national d'allocations fa-miliales pour tra-vailleurs salariés, ONAFTS) Compensation funds for family benefits (Cais-ses de compen-sation pour allo-cations familia-les) Regional offices of the ONAFTS Special funds (for some occu-pations)

Public Social As-sistance Centres (Centres publics d'Action sociale)

National Employ-ment Office (Office national de l'Em-ploi, ONEM)

Auxiliary Fund for Payment of Unem-ployment Benefit (Caisse auxiliaire de paiement des allocations chô-mage)

Auxiliary Fund Of-fices

Representative trade unions in-stalled as paying institutions for un-employment bene-fits

National Insurance Institute for Self-Employed (INASTI):

Allocation of financial resources

National Social Security Office (Office national de sécurité sociale):

Collection of contributions (except for employment injuries) and allocation of financial resources

Free Social Insurance Funds for Self-Employed + National Auxiliary Fund:

Collection of contributions

20

Czech Republic Health Care The central authority of the State health care administration is the Ministry of Health (Ministerstvo zdravotnictví), which, inter alia, prepares the legislative framework in this field. Health insurance is compulsory for all persons with permanent residence or em-ployed by an employer whose seat is in the territory of the Czech Republic. The insur-ance is provided by nine health insurance companies as independent private legal entities. The entitled persons have the right of free choice among the health insurance companies and also among the health care providers which have a contract with her/his health insurance company. The Law guarantees the contracting rules and the accessibility and quality of health care. Old Age, Invalidity, Survivors, Sickness Benefits in Cash The Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (MOLSA) (Ministerstvo práce a sociálních věcí) draws up legislation for the whole sphere of social security (except health insurance). The administration is dealt with by offices of the Czech Administration of Social Secu-rity (Česká správa sociálního zabezpečení, CSSZ), which is subordinated to and supervised by the Ministry. The Centre of the Czech Ad-ministration of Social Security (Ústředí České správy sociálního zabezpečení, CSSZ) supervises 76 District Social Security Administrations (Okresní správa sociálního zabezpečení, OSSZ). The main task of the CSSZ is to collect contributions for the basic pension insur-ance system, the sickness insurance scheme, and the system of State employ-ment policy (unemployment insurance and employment policy programmes). The CSSZ is also responsible for the calculation and payment of benefits from pensions and sickness schemes as well as the keeping of records on insured individuals (excluding the system of State employment policy).

Unemployment District Labour Offices (Úřad práce) operate in the individual regions and are subordi-nated to MOLSA's Employment Services Administration (Správa služeb zaměstnanosti). Their main activities are the payment of un-employment benefits, keeping records on job applicants and promoting and creating employment opportunities. They also de-velop and organise employment pro-grammes (placement, vocational guidance, resettlement, etc). Family The schemes of state social support, which cover family benefits, are administrated in individual districts by local organs. Labour offices (úřad práce) are responsible for the administration of State social support allow-ances - taking care of all the activities re-lated to the administration of allowances, in particular, collection of applications, regis-tering applicants and compiling the neces-sary data as well as decision making con-cerning allowances and issuing of official decisions. In order to make it easier for citi-zens to apply, Labour offices have estab-lished contact places in some small towns and villages. Social Assistance Non-recurrent benefits are provided by lo-cal communities; these are one-off benefits intended for seriously handicapped and elderly citizens, such as financial assis-tance for the purchase of a motor vehicle, the special modification of a car or its run-ning costs, for the adaptation of an apart-ment, for the installation of a telephone line, and for the costs resulting from leaving an institute. Recurrent benefits to supplement income usually up to the level of the minimum living amount (Částka životního minima) are provided by authorised communities on behalf of the state and benefits provided to people with disabilities are provided by the designated

municipal authorities, which represent the State.

Important addresses Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs: MINISTERSTVO PRÁCE A SOCIÁLNÍCH VĚCÍ Na poricnim pravu 1 128 01 PRAHA 2 www.mpsv.cz MOLSA - Employment Services Administration: SPRÁVA SLUŽEB ZAMĚSTNAOSTI Karlovo namesti 1 12801 PRAHA 2 www.ssz.mpsv.cz Czech Administration of Social Security: ČESKÁ SPRÁVA SOCIÁLNÍHO ZABEZPEČENÍ Krizova 25 225 08 PRAHA 5 www.cssz.cz Ministry of Health: MINISTERSTVO ZDRAVOTNICTVÍ Palackeho namesti 4 128 00 PRAHA 2 www.mzcr.cz

21

Organisation of social protection Czech Republic 1.1.2005

Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs

Ministerstvo práce a sociálních věcí

Ministry of Health

Ministerstvo zdravotnictví

Invalidity Old-Age Survivors Sickness

Unemployment

Family benefits

Social assistance

Work accidents

Health care

Occupational diseases

Czech Administration of

Social Security Česká správa sociálního

zabezpečení (CSSZ) Central administration

Administration of

employment policy

- Part of the Ministry -

2 private insurance

companies

9 public legal insurance companies

(the biggest: General Health Insurance Company)

Local offices

District Labour Offices

State district

administration

Labour offices

State local

administration

designated municipal authorities

Health care providers

22

Denmark Pension Schemes All Danish citizens resident in Denmark are entitled to different categories of early re-tirement pensions (invalidity pensions), at the age of 65 (67 for those born before July 1st, 1939) they are entitled to an old-age pension. Pensions are calculated on the basis of the years in which the person con-cerned was resident in Denmark. This pen-sion system (the social pensions) is run by the local authorities. The Ministry of Social Affairs and Equal Rights (Social- og ligestil-lingsministeriet) supervises the implementa-tion of the legislation, however, it does not have the right to interfere in individual cases. The system of the supplementary pensions (Arbejdsmarkedets Tillægspension, ATP) grants those employees, who work at least 9 hours per week, a supplement in addition to the social pension. The employees re-ceive the supplementary pension at the age of 67. However, persons who reached the age of 60 after the 1st July 1999 may demand the pension before the age of 67, but not before the age of 65. The system of the supplementary pension ATP also includes a lump-sum payment or a capitalised pension to the surviving spouse and children. The ATP supplemen-tary pension system is managed by a cen-tral body and falls within the scope of the Ministry of Employment (Beskæftigelsesminis-teriet). The SP, another additional scheme, is a special pension scheme plan. It is a com-pulsory plan gathering the contributions of all employees and self-employed and it is managed by the ATP institution. The labour market supplementary pension scheme for recipients of anticipatory pen-sion (i.e. public invalidity pension) is a statutory, voluntary scheme, which came into force 1 January 2003. The objective is

to give recipients of anticipatory pension (invalidity pension) access to a labour mar-ket pension – supplement to public old-age pension. The unemployment insurance partial pen-sion and early retirement schemes are transitional systems in between the working life and retirement. They are managed by the Ministry of Employment. Sickness Insurance The sickness insurance which provides for the whole population is run and financed by the regional and local authorities. The Min-istry of the Interior and Health (Indenrigs- og Sundhedsministeriet) is in charge of the insur-ance. All citizens of Denmark have sick-ness insurance. The cash benefits in the case of sickness and maternity are paid by the local authorities (within the scope of the Ministry of Employment). Family Benefits The general family benefits and the various other family allowances are administered by the local authorities (within the scope of the Ministry of Taxation, Skatteministeriet, and the Ministry of Social Affairs and Equal Rights), and the Ministry of Family and Consumer Affairs (Ministeriet for Familie- og Forbrugeranliggender). Unemployment Insurance Unemployment insurance is voluntary. The unemployment insurances are distributed according to the various branches; two in-surances are reserved for the self-em-ployed. The insured and the employers pay contributions into the insurances. These contributions and the contributions which the employees and the self-employed pay into the Labour Market Fund cover the State share for the expenses related to the unemployment insurance including early retirement. The Ministry of Employment is in charge of the unemployment insurance.

Important addresses Ministry of Employment: BESKÆFTIGELSESMINISTERIET Ved Stranden 8 1061 KØBENHAVN K www.bm.dk National Directorate of Labour: ARBEJDSDIREKTORATET Stormgade 10 1009 KØBENHAVN K www.adir.dk Labour market supplementary pensions institu-tion: ARBEJDSMARKEDETS TILLÆGSPENSION (ATP) Kongens Vænge 8 3400 HILLERØD www.atp.dk National Board of Industrial Injuries: ARBEJDSSKADESTYRELSEN Æbeløgade 1 P.O. Box 3000 2100 KØBENHAVN Ø www.ask.dk Ministry of Social Affairs and Equal Rights: SOCIAL-OG LIGESTILLINGSMINISTERIET Holmens Kanal 22 1060 KØBENHAVN K www.socialministeriet.dk National social security agency: DEN SOCIALE SIKRINGSSTYRELSE International Service Landemærket 11 1119 KØBENHAVN K www.dss.dk Ministry of the Interior and Health: INDENRIGS- OG SUNDHEDSMINISTERIET Slotsholmsgade 10-12 1216 KØBENHAVN K www.im.dk

National Board of Health: SUNDHEDSSTYRELSEN Islands Brygge 67 P.O. Box 1881 2300 KØBENHAVN S www.sst.dk Ministry of Taxation: SKATTEMINISTERIET Nicolai Eigtvedsgade 28 1402 KØBENHAVN K www.skat.dk Ministry of Family and Consumer Affairs: MINISTERIET FOR FAMILIE- OG FORBRUGERANLIGGENDER Stormgade 2-6 1470 KØBENHAVN K www.minff.dk National Board of Family Affairs: FAMILIESTYRELSEN Æbeløgade 1 2100 KØBENHAVN Ø www.civildir.dk

23

Organisation of social protection Denmark 1.1.2005

Ministry of Employment Beskæftigelesministeriet

Ministry of Social Affairs and

Equal Rights Socialministeriet og Ministeriet

for ligestilling

Ministry of the Interior and

Health Indenrigs- og

Sundhedsministeriet

Ministry of Family and

Consumers Affairs Familie- og

Forbrugsministeriet

Ministry of Taxation

Skatteministeriet

Unemployment

Supplementary Pension ATP

Invalidity – Old-Age

Sickness and Maternity

Health Care

Family Benefits

General Family Allowances

Sickness/Maternity

Cash Benefits

Activation

Family Benefits

Death Grants

Maternity cash benefit

Rehabilitation Re-education

Minimum resources

Insurance for employment injuries and professional diseases

Directorate unemployment insurance

Arbejdsdirektoratet

National social security agency Den Sociale Sikringsstyrelse

National Board of Health

Sundhedsstyrelsen

National Board of Family Affairs

Familiestyrelsen

General Directorate for customs and

taxes Told og skat

Body for the Supplementary Pension ATP

National Board of Industrial Injuries Arbejdsskadestyrelsen

The Board of the Labour Market Occupational

Diseases Fund Arbejdsmarkedets Erhvervssygdomssikring

Unemployment insurance funds

Local administrations

Regional and local administrations

Regional and local administrations

Local authorities

Registered private insurance companies

24

Germany The following five branches of social insur-ance exist in Germany: 1) Statutory pension insurance The statutory pension insurance (Gesetzliche Rentenversicherung) is organised by the Ger-man Pension Insurance - Federal Institu-tion (Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund), the Regional Institutions of the German Pen-sion Insurance (Regionalträger der Deutschen Rentenversicherung) and the German Pension Insurance - Mining, Railways, Marine (Deut-sche Rentenversicherung Knappschaft-Bahn-See). 2) Statutory sickness insurance The statutory sickness insurance (Gesetzli-che Krankenversicherung) is in the hands of roughly 280 insurance funds, some of which operate regionally (local sickness in-surance funds, Ortskrankenkassen) and some of which operate at a national level (e.g most of the substitute funds, Ersatzkassen). These funds are open to all members re-gardless of occupation or employment in a company. (Exceptions are occupational funds such as the fund for miners, the fund for seamen, and the agricultural funds for farmers). Apart from a few special catego-ries (e.g. civil servants, judges, soldiers) all employees are subject to compulsory in-surance, unless the remuneration is above the annual assessment ceiling. For minor employment, special rules are applied. The sickness insurance funds administer the collection of the overall social insurance contributions for all branches. 3) Statutory long-term care insurance Each statutory sickness insurance fund has established a long-term care insurance fund which is responsible for granting benefits to beneficiaries who are in need of long-term care. All persons who are mem-bers of a statutory sickness insurance fund are covered against the risk of need for long-term care in the same fund. Persons with private sickness insurance coverage must correspondingly conclude a private long-term care insurance contract.

4) Statutory accident insurance The relevant organisations of the statutory accident insurance (Gesetzliche Unfallversiche-rung) are the Employers' Insurance Associa-tions (Berufsgenossenschaften) of the industrial branches and the insurance institutions of the Federal State and the Länder for work-ers and employees of the public service. The following categories of persons are covered: employees, certain self-employed persons, pupils and students, children in kindergartens, persons undergoing reha-bilitation and certain other persons. 5) Unemployment insurance Statutory unemployment insurance (Gesetzli-che Arbeitslosenversicherung) is implemented by the Federal Employment Agency (Bun-desagentur für Arbeit). It is divided into the main office, the regional directorates and the local agencies. All employees are cov-ered (manual workers, white-collar work-ers, trainees including young disabled per-sons). Self-administration The individual branches of social insurance are self-governed by representative's meetings and board meetings or adminis-trative boards which consist of the same number of representatives of the employers and the persons insured. In the field of un-employment insurance representatives of the public sector are included as a third party. The self-administration of substitute funds consists only of the representatives of the persons insured. Supervision As regards supervision the Federal Ministry of Health and Social Security (Bundesministe-rium für Gesundheit und Soziale Sicherung) is re-sponsible for the branches of (old-age, sur-vivors' and invalidity) pension, accident, sickness and long-term care insurance. The Federal Ministry of Economics and La-bour (Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Arbeit) is responsible for unemployment insurance. As regards the competence of the supervi-sory authorities it is decisive whether the

insurance fund is a Länder or a federal in-stitution. An insurance fund qualifies as a Land in-stitution when its responsibilities do not ex-tend beyond its Land. Furthermore, a fund whose responsibilities touch over onto other Länder, but do not exceed three is also to be considered a Land institution, provided the Länder involved stipulate one supervising Land. In such a case, supervi-sion falls under the responsibility of the highest social insurance administrative body at a Länder level, or the authority stipulated by the Land's legislation. This is also the case for associations at a Länder level. In all other cases, the insurance fund qualifies as a federal institution (as for in-stance the German Pension Insurance - Federal Institution (Deutsche Rentenversiche-rung Bund) and the German Pension Insur-ance - Mining, Railways, Marine (Deutsche Rentenversicherung Knappschaft-Bahn-See). The Federal Insurance Office (Bundesversiche-rungsamt) is the competent supervisory body. Other Benefits Apart from the social insurance branches mentioned, there are public social assis-tance, different family benefits and housing benefit. Important addresses BUNDESMINISTERIUM FÜR GESUNDHEIT UND SOZIALE SICHERUNG Rochusstr.1 53123 BONN www.bmgs.bund.de BUNDESMINISTERIUM FÜR FAMILIE, SENIOREN, FRAUEN UND JUGEND Alexanderplatz 6 10178 BERLIN www.bmfsfj.bund.de

BUNDESMINISTERIUM FÜR WIRTSCHAFT UND ARBEIT Scharnhorststr. 34-37 10115 BERLIN www.bmwa.bund.de BUNDESMINISTERIUM FÜR VERKEHR, BAU- UND WOHNUNGSWESEN Krausenstr. 17-20 10117 BERLIN www.bmvbw.bund.de BUNDESMINISTERIUM DER FINANZEN Wilhelmstr. 97 10117 BERLIN www.bundesfinanzministerium.de BUNDESAMT FÜR FINANZEN Friedhofstr. 1 53225 BONN www.bff-online.de DEUTSCHE RENTENVERSICHERUNG BUND Ruhrstr. 2 10709 BERLIN www.bfa.de BUNDESAGENTUR FÜR ARBEIT Regensburger Str. 104 90478 NÜRNBERG www.arbeitsagentur.de BUNDESVERSICHERUNGSAMT Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 38 53113 BONN www.bva.de HAUPTVERBAND DER GEWERBLICHEN BERUFSGENOSSENSCHAFTEN E.V. Alte Heerstraße 111 53757 ST. AUGUSTIN www.hvbg.de AOK-BUNDESVERBAND Kortrijker Str. 1 53177 BONN www.aok.de DEUTSCHE VERBINDUNGSSTELLE KRANKENVERSICHERUNG - AUSLAND Pennefeldsweg 12 53134 BONN www.dvka.de

25

Organisation of social protection Germany 1.1.2005

Federal Ministry

of Transport, Building and

Housing Bundesministerium

für Verkehr, Bau- und Wohnungswesen

Federal Ministry of Health and Social Security

Bundesministerium für Gesundheit und Soziale Sicherung

Federal

Ministry of Economics and Labour

Bundesministe-rium für Wirtschaft

und Arbeit

Federal Ministry for Family

Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth

Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend

Federal Ministry

of Finance Bundesministerium

der Finanzen

Housing allowance

Wohngeld

Invalidity Old-Age Survivors

Employment in-

juries Occupational

diseases

Health care and

sickness benefitsMaternity

Long-term care Pflegebedürftig-

keit

Social assis-

tance Sozialhilfe

Unemployment

Child benefit

Kindergeld

in the form of social allowance

Parental leave

benefit Erziehungsgeld Advance on maintenance

payments Unter-haltsvorschuss

Child benefit

Kindergeld

in the form of tax credit

Local Housing Allow-ance Offices

German Pension Insurance - Federal Institution (Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund) Regional Institu-tions of the Ger-man Pension Insu-rance (Regionalträger der Deutschen Renten-versicherung) German Pension Insurance - Mining, Railways, Marine (Deutsche Rentenversi-cherung Knappschaft- Bahn - See) Old-age Pension Fund for Farmers (Landwirtschaftliche Al-terskasse)

Employers’ Insurance Asso-ciations (Berufsgenos-senschaften) or Insurance Institu-tions of the Federal State and the Länder for workers and employees of the Public Service

Local Sickness In-surance Funds (Allgemeine Ortskran-kenkassen) Company Sickness Insurance Funds (Betriebskrankenkas-sen) Sickness Funds for craftsmen (In-nungskrankenkassen) Approved substi-tute funds (Ersatz-kassen) Insurance Fund for Miners (Bundes-knappschaft) Sickness Insurance Funds for Farmers (Landwirtschaftliche Krankenkasse) Sickness Insurance Fund for Seamen (See-Krankenkasse)

Long-term care in-surance agencies: Local Sickness In-surance Funds (All-gemeine Ortskranken-kassen) Company Sickness Insurance Funds (Betriebskrankenkas-sen) Sickness Funds for craftsmen (In-nungskrankenkassen) Approved substi-tute funds (Ersatz-kassen) Insurance Fund for Miners (Bundes-knappschaft) Sickness Insurance Funds for Farmers (Landwirtschaftliche Krankenkasse) Sickness Insurance Fund for Seamen (See-Krankenkasse) Private sickness in-surances

Länder Social Assistance offices of the dis-tricts (Landkreise) and self-governing cities (kreisfreie Städte) Social assistance institutions at re-gional or inter-mu-nicipal level (über-örtliche Träger der Sozi-alhilfe)

Federal Employment Agency (Bundes-agentur für Arbeit) Regional Employment Directorates (Regio-naldirektionen für Arbeit)Local Employment Agencies

Federal Employment Agency (Bundes-agentur für Arbeit) Regional Employment Directorates (Regio-naldirektionen für Arbeit)Local Employment Agencies

Länder (different offices depending on the Länder)

Federal Office of Fi-nance (Bundesamt für Finanzen) Family cash benefits agencies within the Employment Agencies Family cash benefits agencies for the public service

Federal Insurance Office (Bundesversicherungsamt): Supervisory body for the German Pension Insurance (Federal level) and for insurance funds exceeding more than 3 Länder. Where the German Pension Insurance – Federal Institution is responsible for basic issues and horizontal functions, the supervisory body is the Federal Ministry of Health and Social Security, in other cases supervision is carried out by the Länder ministries for social affairs or by appointed institutions.

26

Estonia The Ministry of Social Affairs (Sotsiaalminis-teerium) is responsible for social security and social welfare. The role of the Ministry includes policy development and the draft-ing of legislation. Under the Ministry there are two governmental agencies - the Social Insurance Board (Sotsiaalkindlustusamet) and the Labour Market Board (Tööturuamet) - and two public legal bodies - the Health In-surance Fund (Eesti Haigekassa) and the Un-employment Insurance Fund (Eesti Töötu-kassa) - which are responsible for the ad-ministration of the different branches of so-cial security. The Social Insurance Board administers the schemes of pension insurance, family benefits, social benefits for disabled per-sons and funeral grants and keeps the reg-ister of insured persons and beneficiaries. The Board ensures that pensions and benefits according to the national legisla-tion and international agreements are paid in due time. Medical examination for the permanent incapacity for work is executed by a Commission of the Board. The re-gional pension offices, subordinated to the Social Insurance Board process applica-tions of the above mentioned benefits and arrange the payment through banks or post offices. The Labour Market Board administers the scheme of unemployment allowances, while processing of the claims, granting and payment of allowances is carried out by the regional employment offices, subor-dinated to the Board. The Unemployment Insurance Fund is in charge of the unemployment insurance scheme, the aim of what is to pay out unem-ployment insurance benefits, collective termi-nation of employment contracts benefits and insolvency of employer benefits. The Health Insurance Fund runs the scheme of health insurance, which includes

medical services, compensation for phar-maceuticals and cash benefits (sickness, maternity and care benefits). The Fund makes annual contracts with the providers of medical services, and covers the ex-penses of the medical care of insured per-sons to the service providers under these contracts. The Fund also pays sickness, maternity and care benefits to insured per-sons. Operating within the area of government of the Ministry of Social affairs there are also Health Protection Inspectorate (Tervise-kait-seinspektsioon), Health Care Board (Tervishoiu-amet), State Agency of Medicines (Ravimi-amet) and Labour Inspectorate (Tööinspekt-sioon). Social assistance cash benefits and social services are provided by local municipali-ties. Social contributions (social tax and unem-ployment insurance contributions) are col-lected by the Tax Board (Maksuamet).

Important addresses Ministry of Social Affairs: SOTSIAALMINISTEERIUM Gonsiori 29 15027 TALLINN www.sm.ee Social Insurance Board: SOTSIAALKINDLUSTUSAMEET Lembitu 12 15092 TALLINN www.ensib.ee Labour Market Board: TÖÖTURUAMET Gonsiori 29 15027 TALLINN www.tta.ee Estonian Health Insurance Fund: EESTI HAIGEKASSA Lembitu 10 10114 TALLINN www.haigekassa.ee Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund: EESTI TÖÖTUKASSA Lõkke 4 10122 TALLINN www.tootukassa.ee

27

Organisation of social protection Estonia 1.1.2005

Ministry of Social Affairs

Sotsiaalministeerium

Health care Sickness Maternity

Unemployment

Old-Age Invalidity Survivors

Family benefits

Social Assistance

Health Insurance Fund

Eesti Haigekassa

State unemployment allowances

Labour Market Board

Tööturuamet

Regional employment offices

Unemployment insurance benefits

Unemployment Insurance Fund

Eesti Töötukassa

Social Insurance Board Sotsiaalkindlustusamet

Regional pension offices

Local municipalities

28

Greece The Greek Constitution of 1975, revised in 1986, established the principle of the "So-cial State" by means of provisions guaran-teeing to a large extent social protection. In particular, Article 224 concerning social se-curity stipulates the obligation of the State to provide social security for workers. In Greece the prerequisite for being directly covered by social security is to be working. The affiliation to a scheme depends on the nature and the type of work performed. The social security system in Greece is based on two pillars: the basic protection and the supplementary protection (called "auxiliary" in Greece). It comprises a great number of insurance funds and a large va-riety of schemes. • The main insurance institution is the In-

stitute for Social Insurance (IKA) of which the greater majority of salaried workers and other categories of assimilated em-ployees are members. The IKA scheme is the "general Greek scheme for the in-surance of salaried workers". Apart from the IKA scheme there are special schemes for salaried workers (occupa-tional funds) to which certain categories coming from the civilian population are affiliated, e.g. the insurance fund for em-ployees of the public electricity company.

• Farmers are members of the insurance scheme for agricultural employees (OGA - Agricultural Insurance Organisation).

• As regards the social security of self-em-ployed persons, there are special funds for persons belonging to certain socio-professional categories (e.g. lawyers, the medical professions, persons engaged in a business, craftsmen, civil engineers, etc.). The main fund for the self-em-ployed is the OAEE (Insurance Body for the self-employed) for craftsmen, busi-nessmen and drivers.

Each insurance institution is subject to a different legislation. In some cases the benefits, the conditions for granting these benefits and the corresponding formalities differ from one institution to the other. The IKA scheme covers the risks of sick-ness, maternity, old-age, invalidity and death. The OAED (Office for Employment and Manpower) is a special institution in charge of the risk of unemployment; it is also in charge of family benefits; however, it is the IKA which collects the contributions for the OAED. The majority of the social security institutions is under the authority and supervision of the Ministry of Employment and Social Protec-tion. A small number of social security in-stitutions are subordinate to and super-vised by other ministries. The public authorities intervene against possible fraud in order to preserve the gen-eral interest and see to the correct applica-tion of legislation and provisions by the so-cial security organisations (Insurance Funds). These institutions are administered by the administrative boards in which the repre-sentatives of the insured, the pensioners, the employers and the State participate.

Important addresses ΥΠΟΥΡΓΕΙΟ ΑΠΑΣΧΟΛΗΣΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΗΣ ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΙΑΣ ΓΕΝΙΚΗΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΕΙΑ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΩΝ ΑΣΦΑΛΙΣΕΩΝ ∆ΙΕΥΘΥΝΣΗ ∆ΙΑΚΡΑΤΙΚΗΣ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΗΣ ΑΣΦΑΛΙΣΗΣ ΣΤΑ∆ΙΟΥ 29 10110 ΑΘΗΝΑ ΥΠΟΥΡΓΕΙΟ ΑΠΑΣΧΟΛΗΣΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΗΣ ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΙΑΣ ∆ΙΕΥΘΥΝΣΗ ∆ΙΕΘΝΩΝ ΣΧΕΣΕΩΝ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΕΕ ΠΕΙΡΑΙΩΣ 40 10182 ΑΘΗΝΑ Ι∆ΡΥΜΑ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΩΝ ΑΣΦΑΛΙΣΕΩΝ ∆ΙΕΥΘΥΝΣΗ ∆ΙΕΘΝΩΝ ΣΧΕΣΕΩΝ ΚΗΦΙΣΙΑΣ 178 - ΧΑΛΑΝ∆ΡΙ 15231 ΑΘΗΝΑ ΟΡΓΑΝΙΣΜΟΣ ΓΕΩΡΠΚΩΝ ΑΣΦΑΛΙΣΕΩΝ ΥΠΗΡΕΣΙΑ ∆ΗΜΟΣΙΩΝ ΚΑΙ ∆ΙΕΘΝΩΝ ΣΧΕΣΕΩΝ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΕΕ ΠΑΤΗΣΙΩΝ 30 10170 ΑΘΗΝΑ ΟΡΓΑΝΙΣΜΟΣ ΑΠΑΣΧΟΛΗΣΕΩΣ ΕΡΓΑΤΙΚΟΥ ∆ΥΝΑΜΙΚΟΥ ∆ΙΕΥΘΥΝΣΗ ΑΣΦΑΛΙΣΗΣ ΤΜΗΜΑ ∆ΙΜΕΡΩΝ ΣΥΜΒΑΣΕΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΗΣ ΚΟΙΝΟΤΙΚΩΝ ΚΑΝΟΝΙΣΜΩΝ ΕΘΝΙΚΗΣ ΑΝΤΙΣΤΑΣΗΣ 8 17342 ΑΝΩ ΚΑΛΑΜΑΚΙ

MINISTRY OF EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL PROTECTION General Secretariat for Social Security Directorate for International Relations Stadiou Street 29 10110 ATHENS www.ggka.gr MINISTRY OF EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL PROTECTION Directorate International Relations Section E.U. Pireos Street 40 10182 ATHENS C.P. www.ypakp.gr SOCIAL INSURANCE INSTITUTE (I.K.A.) Directorate for International Relations Kifissias Street 178-Chalandri 15231 ATHENS C.P. www.ika.gr AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE ORGANISATION (O.G.A.) Service for public and international relations Section E.U. Patission Street 30 10170 ATHENS C.P. www.oga.gr OFFICE FOR EMPLOYMENT AND MANPOWER (O.A.E.D.) Directorate Insurance SECTION BILATERAL RELATIONS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF EU DIRECTIVES Ethnikis Antistassis Street 8 17342 ANO KALAMAKI C.P. www.oaed.gr

29

Organisation of social protection Greece 1.1.2005

Ministry of Employment and Social Protection

ΥΠΟΥΡΓΕΙΟ ΑΠΑΣΧΟΛΗΣΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΗΣ ΠΡΟΣΤΑΣΙΑΣ

Sickness

Maternity

Invalidity

Old Age

Survivors

Employment injuries


Unemployment

Family benefits

Social Insurance Institute (IKA) also responsible for collecting contributions for all branches, including unemployment

and family benefits

Local Offices (in the whole country)

Office for Employment and Manpower (OAED)

OAED offices in all major towns

IKA offices in other towns

30

Spain The contribution-related statutory social in-surance for employees has been designed in such a way that there are a general scheme (employees in industry and in the service sector) and special schemes for the workers of other sectors of production (farmers, self-employed, miners, sailors and fishermen and domestic servants). The following bodies run these schemes: • The National Social Security Office (Insti-

tuto Nacional de la Seguridad Social, INSS), which manages the cash benefits, i.e. old-age pensions, permanent invalidity, widower's and widow's pensions, or-phans' pensions, pensions for family members, cash benefits in the case of temporary incapacity for work, maternity, risk during pregnancy, family benefits and other allowances and benefits.

• The National Institute for Health Manage-ment (Instituto Nacional de Gestión Sanitaria, INGESA), body for cooperation among the State and the Autonomous Communities, dependent on the Ministry of Health and Consumption, whose purpose is promot-ing health care coherence within the Na-tional Health System, as competence on health care has been transferred to every Autonomous Community, except in the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla.

• The State Public Employment Service (Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal, SEPEE) which manages the unemployment bene-fits.

• The Institute for Elderly and Social Ser-vices (Instituto de Mayores y Servicios Sociales, IMSERSO), which determines additional social services and administers at the same time social assistance allowances and non-contributory benefits.

• The Navy's Social Office (Instituto Social de la Marina, ISM) which is in charge of the so-cial protection of the employees of the merchant navy, the fishermen and in

general of the employees in marine ship-ping.

• The General Social Security Revenue Office (Tesorería General de la Seguridad So-cial, TGSS), which is the only fund within the whole system entitled to collect con-tributions.

The above mentioned bodies are institu-tions under public law and act as legal enti-ties. They are subordinate to public admini-stration: The Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (Ministerio de Trabajo y asuntos sociales) is in charge of INSS, SEPEE, IMSERSO, ISM and TGSS; the Ministry of Health and Con-sumption (Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo) is in charge of INGESA. The employers' associations and the em-ployees' organisations (trade unions) par-ticipate in the supervision of the administra-tion via the National Council and the Coun-cils of the Regions, where employers, workers and the representatives of the pub-lic administration are equally represented in a tripartite structure. The public administration of the bodies mentioned can co-operate itself with the employers' associations (Mutual insurance associations for employment injuries and occupational diseases) and the companies. For such a co-operation the insurance funds have to meet the following require-ments: a minimum of 50 employers and 30,000 employees have to participate. The companies, too, have to meet certain re-quirements for such a co-operation. The co-operation can also be carried out with associations, foundations, public or private institutions, as soon as they have been au-thorized and registered in a public register.

Important addresses Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs: MINISTERIO DE TRABAJO Y ASUNTOS SOCIALES c/ Agustín de Bethencourt, 4 28003 MADRID www.mtas.es www.seg-social.es Ministry of Health and Consumption: MINISTERIO DE SANIDAD Y CONSUMO Paseo del Prado, 18 28014 MADRID www.msc.es National Social Security Office: INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL c/ Padre Damián, 4 28036 MADRID www.seg-social.es National Institute for Health Management: INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE GESTIÓN SANITARIA c/ Alcalá, 56 28014 MADRID www.ingesa.es Institute for Elderly and Social Services: INSTITUTO DE MAYORES Y DE SERVICIOS SOCIALES Avda. de la Ilustración s/n 28071 MADRID www.seg-social.es/imserso State Public Employment Service: SERVICIO PÚBLICO DE EMPLEO ESTATAL c/ Condesa de Venadito, 9 28027 MADRID www.inem.es General Social Security Revenue Office: TESORERÍA GENERAL DE LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL Plaza de los Astros, 5 y 7 28007 MADRID www.seg-social.es

31

Organisation of social protection Spain 1.1.2005

Ministry of Health and

Consumption

Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo


Ministerio de Trabajo y de Asuntos Sociales

Autonomous regions

Comunidades Autónomas

Health Care

• Incapacity for work • Maternity • Risk during pregnancy • Invalidity • Old-Age • Death and surviving

dependants • Family benefits

• Employment injuries • Occupational diseases

Unemployment

• Social Services • Non-contributory benefits • Assistance to emigrants

Minimum income for

integration

• National Institute for Health

Management (Instituto Na-cional de Gestión Sanitaria, INGESA)

• Bodies of the autonomous regions (Comunidades autó-nomas) with transferred powers.

• Enterprises: voluntary co-operation in the management of health care

• National Social Security

Office (Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social, INSS)

• Firms: voluntary co-operation in dealing with temporary incapacity for work

• Mutual insurance companies for employment injuries and occupational diseases

• National Social Security

Office (Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social, INSS)

• Mutual insurance companies for employment injuries and occupational diseases

State Public Employment

Service

Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal (SEPEE)

• Institute for Elderly and

Social Services (Instituto de Mayores y Servicios sociales, IMSERSO)

• Bodies of the autonomous regions (Comunidades autó-nomas) with transferred powers

Bodies of the

autonomous regions (Comunidades autónomas)

General Social Security Revenue Office (Tesoreria General de la Seguridad Social) = collection of all contributions, control of affiliation

32

France The French scheme of social security can be divided into five large groups: • the general scheme which covers most

of the employees as well as other cate-gories of persons (students, recipients of certain benefits, simple residents) who have been included into the general scheme in the course of the years, and all residents in the case of family bene-fits;

• the special schemes for employees of which some cover all risks and others only cover old-age, with the general scheme providing coverage for the other risks;

• the agricultural scheme which includes all risks with two different administrative bodies for farmers and employees of the agricultural sector;

• the schemes for self-employed persons: three autonomous schemes for old-age insurance (craftsmen, persons engaged in a business or trade, members of the professions) and a scheme for sickness insurance;

• unemployment schemes. These different schemes are placed under the supervision of the ministers in charge of social security, of agriculture and of em-ployment. The general scheme is organised in four branches: • the branch for sickness, maternity, inva-

lidity and death, • the branch for employment injuries and

occupational diseases, • the branch for old-age, • the family branch. The National Sickness Insurance Fund for Employees (Caisse nationale d'assurance maladie des travailleurs salariés, CNAMTS) is in charge of the first two branches. At local level and su-pervised by the CNAMTS, there are two types of bodies which do not have any hier-archic connection. These are the regional

Sickness Insurance funds and the primary Sickness Insurance funds. The branch for old-age is administered by the National Old-age Insurance Fund for Employees (Caisse nationale d'assurance vieil-lesse des travailleurs salariés CNAVTS) which has transferred certain tasks to the regional Sickness Insurance funds. The family branch is administered by the National Family Allowance Agency (Caisse nationale des allocations familiales) which is the supervisory body of the family benefits funds. At the local level the collection of contribu-tions is carried out by the union for the col-lection of social insurance and family bene-fit contributions (unions de recouvrement des co-tisations de sécurité sociale et d'allocations familia-les URSSAF) which is subordinate to the Central Agency of the Social Security Or-ganisations (Agence Centrale des Organismes de Sécurité Sociale, ACOSS). The ACOSS has the task to follow the finances of each branch as regards planning and implementation. The traditional scheme of unemployment insurance is administered by parity organi-sations, namely by the Associations for Employment in Industry and Commerce (as-sociations pour l'emploi dans l'industrie et le com-merce, ASSEDIC) with the National Union for Employment in Industry and Commerce (Union nationale pour l'emploi dans l'industrie et le commerce, UNEDIC) at the national level. Apart from the basic old-age pension insur-ance there are compulsory supplementary pension pay-as-you-go schemes for the employees (administered by parity organi-sations ARRCO, AGIRC) and for the self-employed. Finally, complementary or supplementary collective schemes, based on compulsory or voluntary membership, are established in the professional framework (companies or branches), mainly for old-age, sickness and invalidity. These different schemes can be completed by personal insurances individually pur-chased.

Important addresses MINISTERE DES SOLIDARITES, DE LA SANTE ET DE LA FAMILLE Direction de la sécurité sociale 14, avenue Duquesne 75350 PARIS 07 SP www.santé.gouv.fr www.securite-sociale.fr MINISTERE DES SOLIDARITES, DE LA SANTE ET DE LA FAMILLE Direction Générale de l'action sociale 7-11, place des Cinq Martyrs du Lycée Buffon 75696 PARIS Cedex 14 www.emploi-solidarite.gouv.fr MINISTERE DE L'EMPLOI, DU TRAVAIL ET DE LA COHESION SOCIALE Délégation Générale à l'emploi et à la formation professionnelle 7, square Max-Hymans 75741 PARIS Cedex 15 www.emploi-solidarite.gouv.fr www.travail.gouv.fr MINISTERE DE L'AGRICULTURE, DE L'ALIMENTA-TION, DE LA PECHE ET DES AFFAIRES RURALES Direction des exploitations, de la politique sociale et de l'emploi 78, rue de Varenne 75349 PARIS 07 SP www.agriculture.gouv.fr AGENCE CENTRALE DES ORGANISMES DE SECURITE SOCIALE (ACOSS) 65, boulevard Richard Lenoir 75536 PARIS Cedex 11 www.acoss.fr UNCAM UNION NATIONALE DES CAISSES D'ASSURANCE MALADIE 26 à 50 avenue du professeur André Lemierre 75986 PARIS Cedex 20

CAISSE NATIONALE DE L'ASSURANCE MALADIE DES TRAVAILLEURS SALARIES (CNAMTS) 26 à 50 avenue du professeur André Lemierre 75986 PARIS Cedex 20 www.ameli.fr CAISSE NATIONALE D'ASSURANCE VIEILLESSE (CNAVTS) 110, avenue de Flandre 75951 PARIS Cedex 19 www.cnav.fr CAISSE NATIONALE DES ALLOCATIONS FAMILIALES (CNAF) 32, rue de la Sibelle (CNAF) 75685 PARIS Cedex 14 www.caf.fr UNION NATIONALE INTERPROFESSIONNELLE POUR L'EMPLOI DANS L'INDUSTRIE ET LE COMMERCE (UNEDIC) 80, rue de Reuilly 75012 PARIS www.assedic.fr CAISSE CENTRALE DE LA MUTUALITE SOCIALE AGRICOLE (CCMSA) Les Mercuriales 40, rue jean Jaurès 93547 BAGNOLET Cedex www.msa.fr GIE AGIRC ARRCO 16 rue Jules César 75012 PARIS www.arrco.fr www.agirc.fr

33

Organisation of social protection France 1.1.2005 Ministries

Ministry for Solidarity, Health and Family

Ministère des solidarités, de la santé et de la famille

Ministry for Employment, Labour and

social Cohesion Ministère de l'emploi, du travail et de la cohésion

sociale

Ministry for agriculture

Ministère chargé de l’Agriculture

UNCAM

UNCAM

UNCAM

Groups

Employees and for benefits in kind resi-dents not protected by a professional

scheme

Self-employed

All residents

Employees

incl. agriculture for supplementary

pensions

Self-employed

Employees (farming

and non-farming sector)

All residents

Employees and self-employed in the agriculture

sector

Risks



Family benefits

Old-Age Death

Employment injuries


Old-Age

Death

Unemployment

Guaranteeing suffi-

cient resources (R.M.I.)

All risks except

unemployment and supplementary pen-sions for employees

Principal institutions

national level

CNAMTS

CANAM ORGANIC CANCAVA CNAVPL

CNBF

CNAF

(in principle)

CNAV CNAMTS AGIRC ARRCO

ORGANIC CANCAVA CNAVPL

CNBF

UNEDIC

CCMSA

regional level

CRAM

CMR AVA

ORGANIC

CRAM CNAV

AVA ORGANIC

Service for social action at regional

(Département) or local level

local level

CPAM

OC

CAF

Supplementary pension institutions

CPAM

ASSEDIC

CAF

CMSA

AGIRC: Supplementary pension for managerial staff (Association générale des institutions de retraite des cadres); ARRCO: Supplementary pension for employees (Association pour le régime de retraite complémentaire des salariés); ASSEDIC: Asso-ciation for Employment in Industry and Commerce (Association pour l’emploi dans l’industrie et le commerce); AVA: Old-Age Insurance for Craftsmen (Assurance vieillesse des artisans); CAF: Family Benefits Fund (Caisse d’allocations familiales); CANAM: National Sickness and Maternity Insurance Fund for Non-Salaried Workers (Caisse nationale d’assurance maladie et maternité des travailleurs non salariés); CANCAVA: National Autonomous Compensation Fund for Old-Age Insur-ance of Crafts Sector (Caisse autonome nationale de compensation de l’assurance vieillesse artisanale); CCMSA: Central Mutual Insurance Fund for Farmers (Caisse centrale de mutualité sociale agricole); CMSA: Mutual Insurance Fund for Farmers (Caisse de mutualité sociale agricole); CMR: Regional Sickness Fund (Caisse maladie régionale); CNAF: National Family Benefits Fund (Caisse nationale d’allocations familiales); CNAMTS: National Sickness Insurance Fund for Employees (Caisse nationale d’assurance maladie des travailleurs salariés); CNAV: National Old-Age Insurance Fund (Caisse nationale d’assurance vieillesse); CNAVPL: National Old-Age Insurance Fund for the liberal professions (Caisse nationale d’assurance vieillesse des professions libérales); CNBF: National Fund of the French Bar Council (Caisse nationale des barreaux français); CPAM: Primary Sickness Insurance Fund (Caisse primaire d’assurance maladie); CRAM: Regional Sickness Insurance Fund (Caisse régionale d’assurance maladie); OC: Agency under contract (Organisme conventionné); ORGANIC: National Fund of the Insurance Scheme (Old-Age-Invalidity-Death) for Non-Salaried Workers in Industry and Commerce (Caisse nationale du régime d’assurance vieillesse-invalidité-décès des non-salariés de l’industrie et du commerce); UNCAM: National Union of Sickness Funds (Union nationale des caisses d'assurance maladie);UNEDIC: National Union for Employment in In-dustry and Commerce (Union nationale pour l’emploi dans l’industrie et le commerce). The URSSAF (Union for the Collection of Social Insurance and Family Benefit Contributions, Union pour le recouvrement des cotisations de sécurité sociale et d'alloca-tions familiales) assumes collection of social security contributions for the general scheme for employees and for all risks. The OC is responsible for the collection of contributions for health risks of non-salaried workers of the non-ag-ricultural sector, and the AVA, ORGANIC or sections of self-employed occupations for the old age and invalidity branch. In the agricultural sector, the CMSA collects contributions for farmers and employees. For employees, contri-butions to the unemployment insurance are paid to the ASSEDIC, those for supplementary pensions to AGIRC and ARRCO.

34

Ireland Department of Social and Family Affairs The Department of Social and Family Af-fairs is responsible for the management, administration and development of the State's social protection system. It supports the Minister for Social and Family Affairs in the discharge of governmental, parliamen-tary and departmental duties. The main functions of the Department are: • To formulate appropriate social protection

policies; • To administer and manage the delivery of

statutory and non-statutory social and family schemes and services; and

• To work with Departments and agencies in the delivery of Government priorities.

The Department is divided along Aireacht / Executive (Social Welfare Services) lines. The Aireacht (which comprises the Plan-ning and Corporate Services Divisions) is responsible for the formulation of social protection and other social support policies and for the provision of support and advice to the Minister and Government. Social Welfare Services is responsible for the day to day administration of schemes and delivery of services. Local delivery of services, through a network of nearly 130 local/branch offices, is structured on a 10-region basis. The Social Welfare Appeals Office is an independent Office responsible for deter-mining appeals against decisions on social welfare entitlements. It is headed by the Chief Appeals Officer. There are also 5 statutory agencies under the aegis of the Department: • Comhairle, which has responsibility for

the provision of independent advice, in-formation and advocacy services for all citizens;

• Combat Poverty Agency, which has re-sponsibilities in the areas of advice to the

Minister, research, action programmes and information in relation to poverty in Ireland;

• the Family Support Agency, which is re-sponsible for the provision of a family me-diation service, the support, promotion and development of marriage and rela-tionship counselling and other family sup-ports, and the Family and Community Services Resource programme;

• the Pensions Board, which is responsible for overseeing the implementation of the Pensions Act which concerns the security and development of occupational pen-sions, and for the development of occupa-tional pensions coverage; and

• the Office of the Pensions Ombudsman which investigates complaints of injustice due to maladministration, disputes of fact or law, in occupational pension schemes.

Department of Health and Children Prior to January 2005, the health services were administered by seven regional Health Boards and one Regional Health Authority. The National Health Strategy identified organisational reform as one of the frameworks for change and following further Reports, the Government decided in June, 2003 to dissolve the health boards and establish the Health Service Executive (HSE) as a unitary system for the man-agement and delivery of health and per-sonal social services. The HSE was estab-lished under the Health Act 2004 and came into effect from 1 January 2005. Each Health Service Executive Area has a Chief Officer responsible for the manage-ment of the business of the Area. The work of the HSE is divided into three broad programmes, each in the charge of a Programme Manager. These programmes deal with the administration of the following services: • Community care services, • General hospital services, • Special hospital services.

The Community care services include the welfare services which provide financial support by way of a range of income.

Important addresses DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND FAMILY AFFAIRS Headquarters Aras Mhic Dhiarmada Store Street DUBLIN 1 www.welfare.ie DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND FAMILY AFFAIRS Social Welfare Services Goldsmith House Pearse Street DUBLIN 2 www.welfare.ie DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND CHILDREN Headquarters Hawkins House DUBLIN 2 www.doh.ie HEALTH SERVICE EXECUTIVE Head Office Limetree Avenue Millenium Park NAAS Co. Kildare www.hse.ie

35

Organisation of social protection Ireland 1.1.2005

Department of Social and Family Affairs

Department of Health and Children

Cash Payments:

• Sickness • Old Age • Invalidity/Disability • Maternity • Survivors/Bereavement • Employment Injuries and

Occupational Diseases • Family Supports • Carers

Cash Payments:

• Unemployment

• Pre-retirement

• Employment Supports

• Family Support Payments (One Parent Family Payment)

Supplementary Welfare Allowance

Health Services

Cash Payments:

• Blind People • Maternity Grant


Central Offices


Local Offices

Health Service Executive

36

Iceland Pension Schemes The national social pension scheme is ad-ministered by the State Social Security In-stitute (TRYGGINGASTOFNUN RÍKISINS) under the supervision of the Ministry of Health and Social Security (HEILBRIGÐIS- OG TRYG-GINGAMÁLARÁÐUNEYTIÐ). The pension scheme covers old age pension, invalidity pension, and survivor's pension in the form of child pension. Persons 67 years of age who have been resident in Iceland for at least 3 years be-tween the ages of 16 and 67 are entitled to an old age pension. Icelandic citizenship is not a condition for pension. A full annual pension is paid to those who have been resident in Iceland for at least 40 years between the ages of 16 to 66 inclusive. Shorter periods reduce the pension propor-tionally. Persons resident in Iceland are entitled to an invalidity pension if they are between the ages of 16 and 67 and have been resi-dent in Iceland for at least the three years immediately prior to application and have had their permanent disability assessed at 75% as a result of a medically recognised disease or invalidity. The supplementary pension scheme, which is a fully funded scheme, is administered by individual occupational pension funds under the supervision of the Ministry of Fi-nance (FJÁRMÁLARÁÐUNEYTIÐ). Employed and self-employed persons have a legal obligation to pay contributions to their re-spective occupational pension funds. Con-tribution to the funds must be no less than 10% of gross salary, 6% paid by the em-ployer, and 4% by the employee. The pen-sion funds pay old-age pensions (pension age is usually between 65-70 years), inva-lidity pensions, and pension payments to surviving spouses and/or children.

Health Care and Health Insurance Health care is administered by health care centres, hospitals, and doctors who are pri-vate practitioners. The health insurance is administered by the State Social Security Institute (TRYGGINGASTOFNUN RÍKISINS). Both health care and health insurance is under the supervision of the Ministry of Health and Social Security (HEILBRIGÐIS- OG TRYGGINGAMÁLARÁÐUNEYTIÐ). Persons who have been resident in Iceland for six months are covered by the health care and health insurance. Family Benefits Family benefits are financed by taxes and are the responsibility of the Directorate of Inland Revenue (RÍKISSKATTSTJÓRI) under the supervision of the Ministry of Finance (FJÁRMÁLARÁÐUNEYTIÐ). Parental Benefits Parental benefits to parents on the labour market are funded by the social security contribution (TRYGGINGAGJALD) paid by the employers. Benefits to parents that are not working are financed by taxes. The admini-stration of parental benefits is by the State Social Security Institute (TRYGGINGASTOF-NUN RÍKISINS). The State Social Security In-stitute is under the supervision of the Minis-try of Health and Social Security (HEIL-BRIGÐIS- OG TRYGGINGAMÁLARÁÐUNEYTIÐ). Unemployment Insurance Unemployment insurance is funded by the social security contribution (tryggingagjald) paid by the employers. The benefits are paid out of the unemployment fund and are administered by the Directorate of Labour (VINNUMÁLASTOFNUN). The Directorate of Labour is under the supervision of the Min-istry of Social Affairs (FÉLAGSMÁLA-RÁÐUNEYTIÐ). Social Assistance Social assistance is twofold in Iceland, the first is the state social assistance, and the second is the social assistance by local

authorities. The state social assistance is the responsibility of the State Social Secu-rity Institute (TRYGGINGASTOFNUN RÍKISINS) and the Ministry of Health and Social Secu-rity (HEILBRIGÐIS- OG TRYGGINGAMÁLARÁÐU-NEYTIÐ). The social assistance adminis-tered by the local authorities is supervised by the Ministry of Social Affairs (FÉLAGSMÁ-LARÁÐUNEYTIÐ). The latter is the main ser-vices and is the safety net of the Icelandic welfare system.

Important addresses Ministry of Health and Social Security: HEILBRIGÐIS- OG TRYGGINGAMÁLARÁÐUNEYTIÐ Vegmúli 3 150 REYKJAVÍK www.stjr.is/htr Ministry of Finance: FJÁRMÁLARÁÐUNEYTIÐ Arnarhvolur 101 REYKJAVÍK www.stjr.is/fjr Ministry of Social Affairs: FÉLAGSMÁLARÁÐUNEYTIÐ Hafnarhúsinu V/Tryggvagötu 101 REYKJAVÍK www.stjr.is/fel State Social Security Institute: TRYGGINGASTOFNUN RÍKISINS Laugavegur 114 150 REYKJAVÍK www.tr.is Directorate of Labour: VINNUMÁLASTOFNUN Hafnarhúsinu V/Tryggvagötu 101 REYKJAVÍK www.vinnumalastofnun.is Directorate of Inland Revenue: RÍKISSKATTSTJÓRI Laugavegur 166 150 REYKJAVÍK www.rsk.is

37

Organisation of social protection Iceland 1.1.2005

Ministry of Finance

FJÁRMÁLARÁÐUNEYTIÐ

Ministry of Health and Social Security

HEILBRIGÐIS- OG

TRYGGINGAMÀLARÀÐUNEYTIÐ

Ministry of Social Affairs

FÉLAGSMÁLARÁÐUNEYTIÐ

Family Cash Benefits

Supplementary

Pension: • Invalidity • Old-Age • Child • Survivors

Health Care

Benefits in kind

Cash Benefits/

Pensions: • Sickness • Old-Age • Invalidity • Child • Employment

injuries • Occupational

diseases • State social

assistance

Parental Cash Benefits

Unemployment

Social Assistance

Directorate of Internal

Revenue

RÍKISSKATTSTJÓRI

Pension Funds

Health Care Centres

Hospitals Doctors (private

practitioners)

State Social Security Institute

TRYGGINGASTOFNUN RÍKISINS

Directorate of Labour

VINNUMÁLASTOFNUN

Local Authorities

38

Italy With the exception of health care the Italian system of social protection is not organised according to one universal criterion. For each branch, in particular for pensions, there is one special administration which is responsible for the collection of contribu-tions and the provision of benefits. The im-plementation of legislation and supervisory activities are assumed by the Ministries, in particular by the Ministry of Labour and So-cial Affairs (Ministero del Lavoro e delle Politiche sociali). Health care The Ministry of Health (Ministero della Salute) is the competent institution for this field. It administers the financial means, distribut-ing them between the regions and munici-pal authorities that are in charge of benefit provision via "the local health units". Sickness and maternity - benefits in kind The Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs is in charge of the matter as regards the em-ployees of the private sector. The admini-stration of contributions and benefits has been transferred to the National Institute for Social Security (Istituto nazionale della previ-denza sociale, INPS) by means of an ad hoc administration. Civil servants do not receive cash benefits in the form of sick pay or maternity allowances; however, the State continues to pay their salaries. Pensions • Private sector - employees

Competent institution: Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. The implementation is carried out by: the National Institute for Social Security (Istituto nazionale della previdenza sociale, INPS) for the general and certain special schemes: for each scheme an ad hoc administration has been intended;

the National Institute for Social Security of the Italian Journalists (Istituto nazionale di previdenza dei giornalisti italiani, INPGI) for jour-nalists. The system has been private since 1 January 1995; the National Institute for Social Security of Show Business Workers (Ente nazionale previdenza ed assistenza lavoratori spettacolo, ENPALS) for artists and soccer players.

• Public sector The administration of the pensions for civil servants and of the benefits for em-ployees of the local authorities falls within the responsibility of the National Institute for Social Security of Employ-ees of Public Authorities (Istituto nazionale di previdenza per i dipendenti dell'amministra-zione pubblica, INPDAP).

• Self-employed persons For farmers, craftsmen and persons en-gaged in a business or trade there are special schemes within the National In-stitute for Social Security (Istituto nazionale della previdenza sociale, INPS). For the pro-fessions there are ad hoc schemes which are being privatised.

Employment injuries and occupational diseases Competent institution: Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. The collection of contri-butions and provision of benefits are car-ried out by the National Institute for Insur-ance against Employment Injuries (Istituto nazionale contro gli infortuni sul lavoro, INAIL). Family benefits Competent institution: Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. The collection of contri-butions and provision of benefits has been transferred to an ad hoc body within the National Institute for Social Security (Istituto nazionale della previdenza sociale, INPS). The State is directly in charge of one part of the financing of benefits.

Unemployment Competent institution: Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. The collection of contri-butions and provision of benefits has been transferred to an ad hoc body within the National Institute for Social Security (Istituto nazionale della previdenza sociale, INPS). This body also includes all non-contributory benefits granted by the INPS: early retire-ment pensions, social pensions, minimum pensions. Guaranteeing sufficient resources Competent institution: Ministry of the Inte-rior (Ministero dell'Interno). Benefits are granted at the local level and administered by the regional and/ or the local authorities and the National Institute for Social Secu-rity (Istituto nazionale della previdenza sociale, INPS).

Important addresses MINISTERO DEL LAVORO E DELLE POLITICHE SOCIALI Via Flavia, n. 6 00187 ROMA www.welfare.gov.it MINISTERO DELLA SALUTE P. le Dell'Industria, n. 20 00144 ROMA www.ministerosalute.it MINISTERO DELL'INTERNO Palazzo del Viminale 00184 ROMA www.interno.it ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DELLA PREVIDENZA SOCIALE (INPS) Via Ciro il Grande, n. 21 00144 ROMA www.inps.it ISTITUTO NAZIONALE CONTRO GLI INFORTUNI SUL LAVORO (INAIL) Via IV Novembre, n. 144 00187 ROMA www.inail.it ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI PREVIDENZA DEI GIORNALISTI ITALIANI (INPGI) Via Nizza, 35 00198 ROMA www.inpgi.it ENTE NAZIONALE PREVIDENZA ED ASSISTENZA LAVORATORI SPETTACOLO (ENPALS) Viale Regina Margherita, 206 00198 ROMA www.enpals.it ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI PREVIDENZA PER I DIPENDENTI DELL'AMMINISTRAZIONE PUBBLICA (INPDAP) Via S. Croce in Gerusalemme, 55 00100 ROMA www.inpdap.it

39

Organisation of social protection Italy 1.1.2005

Ministry of Labour and Social Policies

Ministero del lavoro e delle politiche sociali

Ministry of Health

Ministero della salute

Ministry of the Interior

Ministero

dell'interno

Invalidity Old Age Survivors

Sickness Maternity

Unemployment

Family benefits

Employment

injuries Occupational

diseases

Guaranteeing

sufficient resources

Health

Guaranteeing

sufficient resources

National Institute for

Social Security Istituto nazionale della

previdenza sociale (INPS)

National Institute for So-cial Security of Employ-ees of Public Authorities

(INPDAP)

National Institute for Social Security of the

Italian Journalists (INPGI)


Social Security of Show Business Workers

(ENPALS)


Social Security

Istituto nazionale della previdenza sociale

(INPS)


Social Security


(INPS)


Social Security


(INPS)

National Institute for insurance against

employment injuries

Istituto nazionale contro gli infortuni sul lavoro

(INAIL)


Social Security


(INPS)

Regions and municipal

authorities

Regions and

municipal authorities

40

Cyprus Social Insurance Services (Υπηρεσίες Κοινω-νικών Ασφαλίσεων) is a governmental body under the control and supervision of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance (Υπουργείο Εργασίας και Κοινωνικών Ασφαλίσεων) that is in charge of the administration of all social risks. The scheme covers every person gainfully occupied in Cyprus, either as an employed person or as a self-employed person, per-sons called for military service and every other person who is considered as a vol-untarily-insured person. For any period of incapacity or unemploy-ment earnings are credited based on the insurable earnings of the person. Also in-surable earnings are credited for any pe-riod between the dates of death/incapacity up to the pensionable age for the purpose of increasing the rate of widow's pen-sion/invalidity pension. Credits up to 156 weeks are granted for the purpose of payment of pensions to women in respect of each child within the period of their first 12 years of age. Social risks cover sickness, maternity, mar-riage, unemployment, invalidity, old-age, death and survivors' risks as well as all risks related to industrial accidents. A special allowance is provided to all pen-sioners for the purpose of increasing the amount of their pensions. Moreover, Social Pension is provided to persons residing in Cyprus, on reaching the age of 65 if they are not entitled to a pen-sion from any other source and satisfy pre-scribed residence conditions. The protection of social risks is better pro-vided with the help of the district offices, which are mainly responsible for the receipt of applications, the collection of contribu-tions and for inspections.

The Head Office of the Department of So-cial Insurance acts as a coordinator of the various district offices and its responsibili-ties are mainly concentrated on the appli-cation of social policy as well as decision making and payments of benefits and pen-sions. Social Welfare Services (Υπηρεσίες Κοινωνι-κής Ευηµερίας) are also a governmental body under the control and supervision of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance that provide and promote social welfare services. Social Welfare Services aim to address social risks and to advance social cohesion within the general framework of the state policies for social and economic development. Services focus on individu-als, families, social groups as well as com-munities. The Grants and Benefits Service (Υπηρεσία Χορηγιών και Επιδοµάτων) comes under the Ministry of Finance (Υπουργείο Οικονοµικών). It was reorganised and expanded during 2003, with the purpose of gathering to-gether under the same roof, various related social schemes and to undertake the huge task of implementing the new legislation concerning child benefit and mother's al-lowance. The foremost task of this service is to offer accurate and prompt service to all citizens. The Ministry of Health (Υπουργείο Υγείας) is mainly responsible for the organisation of the health care system in Cyprus and the provision of state-financed health care ser-vices. The ultimate objective of the organi-sation is to promote and protect people's health. The Ministry of Health formulates national health policies, coordinates the ac-tivities of both the private and the public sector, regulates health care standards and promotes the enactment of relevant legisla-tion. In April 2001 a new law was enacted for the Introduction of a National Health Care System (NHS) which will provide health

care to all citizens and will be financed by contributions from the state, the employers, employees, self employed and pensioners. The new scheme is not expected to be in-troduced before 2008.

Important addresses SOCIAL INSURANCE SERVICES (Υπηρεσίες Κοινωνικών Ασφαλίσεων) Head Office Lord Byron Avenue 7 1465 NICOSIA e-mail: [email protected] SOCIAL WELFARE SERVICES 63 Prodromou 1468 NICOSIA e-mail: [email protected] MINISTRY OF FINANCE Grants and Benefits Service 1489 NICOSIA e-mail: [email protected]

41

Organisation of social protection Cyprus 1.1.2005

Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance

(Υπουργείο Εργασίας και Κοινωνικών Ασφαλίσεων)

Ministry of Finance

(Υπουργείο Οικονοµικών)

Ministry of Health (Υπουργείο Υγείας)

Social Insurance Services

(Υπηρεσίες Κοινωνικών Ασφαλίσεων) (Cash Benefits)

Social Welfare

Services (Υπηρεσίες Κοινωνικής

Ευηµερίας) (Cash Benefits)

Grants and Benefits

Service (Υπηρεσία Χορηγιών και Επιδοµάτων)

Sickness and

Maternity

Employment injuries and occupational

diseases

Old-Age Survivors Invalidity

Social Pension Special Allowance

Unemployment

Family Allowances:

Child Benefit

Mothers Allowance

Organisation of the Health Care System

Doctors & Hospitals

Promotion and Protection of People’s Health (Benefits in kind)

Head Office

5 District Offices 2 Sub Offices

42

Latvia The social security system in Latvia is or-ganised by the Ministry of Welfare (Labklājī-bas ministrija) whose main task in the field of social security is to develop and to imple-ment state policy in the field of social insur-ance and state social benefits. The central organ of the state health care administration from February 2003 is the Ministry of Health (Veselības ministrija), which is responsible for policy development and the drafting of legislation in this field (it was the responsibility of Ministry of Welfare be-fore February 2003). The State Revenue Service (Valsts ieņēmumu dienests) is responsible for collection of the social insurance contributions (as well as personal income tax collection). The State Social Insurance Agency (Valsts sociālās apdrošināšanas aģentūra) and its local offices administer the family benefits and social insurance services: sickness, mater-nity, old-age, survivors, invalidity, employ-ment injuries and occupational diseases. The State Employment Agency (Nodarbinātī-bas valsts aģentūra) manages the registration for labour mediation, work placements and retraining programmes, whereas the State Social Insurance Agency manages pay-ment of the unemployment benefit. Social assistance is administered by the Social Services Board (Sociālo pakalpojumu pārvalde) and the municipalities. The administration of the health care budget is fulfilled by the Health Compulsory Insurance State Agency (Veselības obligātās apdrošināšanas valsts aģentūra). The Agency makes annual contracts with the providers of medical services, and covers expenses for medical care of the insured persons to the service providers under these con-tracts. The mandatory health insurance also includes compensation of certain pharmaceuticals.

Important addresses Ministry of Welfare: LABKLĀJĪBAS MINISTRIJA 28 Skolas Str. RIGA, LV-1331 www.lm.gov.lv State Social Insurance Agency: VALSTS SOCIĀLĀS APDROŠINĀŠANAS AĢENTŪRA 70a Lacplesa Str. RIGA, LV-1011 www.vsaa.lv Social Services Board: SOCIĀLĀS PAKALPOJUMU PĀRVALDE 4 O.Vaciesa Str. RIGA, LV-1004 www.spf.lv State Revenue Service: VALSTS IEŅĒMUMU DIENESTS 1 Smilsu Str. RIGA, LV-1978 www.vid.gov.lv State Employment Agency: NODARBINĀTĪBAS VALSTS AĢENTŪRA 38 Kr.Valdemara Str. RIGA, LV-1010 www.nva.lv Ministry of Health: VESELĪBAS MINISTRIJA 25 Baznicas Str. RIGA, LV-1010 www.vm.gov.lv Health Compulsory Insurance State Agency: VESELĪBAS OBLIGĀTĀS APDROŠINĀŠANAS VALSTS AĢENTŪRA 25 Baznicas Str. RIGA, LV-1010 www.voava.lv

43

Organisation of social protection Latvia 1.1.2005

Ministry of Welfare

Labklājības ministrija

Ministry of Health

Veselības ministrija

State Revenue Service

Valsts ieņēmumu dienests

Social insurance contribution (as well

as personal income tax) collection

State Social Insurance Agency Valsts sociālās apdrošināšanas aģentūra

Social Services

Board Sociālo pakalpojumu pārvalde un pašval-

dības and Municipalities

Health Compulsory Insurance

State Agency Veselības obligātās apdrošināšanas valsts

aģentūra

Sickness and

Maternity - Cash benefits

Invalidity

Old-Age

Survivors

Employment injuries

Occupational

diseases

Family allowances

Unemployment

Social Assistance

Regional Sickness

Funds (3)

Health Compulsory Insurance State

Agency's regional offices

Regional Sickness

Funds (3)

Municipal establish-ments

44

Liechtenstein Ministry of Health and Social Affairs With the exception of the occupational scheme (supplementary provision for death, disability and old age; second pillar) the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs (Mi-nisterium für Gesundheit und Soziales) adminis-ters nearly all branches of social security and social welfare. Given Liechtenstein's small size, individual Ministers must over-see several different areas. At present, the Minister for Social Affairs oversees among other things also the Office for Economy (Amt für Volkswirtschaft). Office for Economy The Office for Economy (Amt für Volkswirt-schaft) is the ministry with the most exten-sive area of responsibility. In addition to domestic and foreign economic affairs and various other tasks, it administers certain branches of social security itself: unem-ployment insurance, maternity allowances for mothers with no claim to cash benefits (Taggeld) from health insurance irrespective of income or resources, supplements to health insurance premiums for individual insured persons irrespective of income or resources. The Office for Economy oper-ates as supervisory authority in various other branches of social security adminis-tered by private bodies in accordance with the law: sickness insurance (health care and sickness benefit) and injury insurance. Maternity benefits are technically included under sickness insurance (sickness benefit, health care); the Office for Economy is thus the supervisory authority in this area as well. The tasks of the recently created Financial Market Authority include orders with regard to the occupational scheme (i.e. the sec-ond pillar with regard to death, disability and old-age) and the task of a supervisory authority in this field, insurance companies and pension institutions. The Financial

Market Authority operates as an autono-mous institution under public law. Both sickness and injury insurance institu-tions have also formed their own associa-tions. Old-age and survivors' insurance, dis-ability insurance and the families' com-pensation fund The Old-age and survivors' insurance, dis-ability insurance and the families' compen-sation fund are three independent public in-stitutions (AHV-IV-FAK-Anstalten) that have combined technically to form a joint directorate under the management of a single director, management board, or board of directors. They are subject to gov-ernmental and parliamentary supervision. The AHV-IV-Anstalten manage the so-called first pillar in the field of social risks: old age, death, and disability (general na-tional insurance scheme for the entire resi-dent population and all employees). This first pillar is supplemented by the afore-mentioned compulsory occupational scheme for employees (second pillar) and by voluntary insurance (third pillar). The FAK-Anstalt awards one-time childbirth al-lowances, monthly children's benefits, dif-ferential benefits (to supplement any lower foreign benefits) such as benefits for single parents. AHV-IV-FAK-Anstalten also award further supplementary benefits that are transferred to them: supplementary bene-fits dependent on income or resources for pensioners, helplessness allowances, benefits for blind persons, and rehabilita-tion measures. Office for Social Services The Office for Social Services (Amt für Soziale Dienste) assumes ministerial and administra-tive tasks and ensures the psycho-social care of the population in line with the Social Assistance Act (Sozialhilfegesetz) and the Young Persons Act (Jugendgesetz). The Of-fice is a multivalent body generally accessi-

ble to children, young persons and adults having personal or economic difficulties. The Office provides individual assistance in the form of counselling, care and treatment, financial support and other benefits in kind. The Office monitors and analyses develop-ments in the psycho-social domain, sub-mits recommendations to the government and informs and instructs the population about important issues in the psycho-social domain. The Office develops prevention programmes to avoid the need for help and programmes for persons in need. The Of-fice is responsible for the central coordina-tion of the social assistance bodies and the psycho-social services for children. The Of-fice is responsible for social welfare and in this function takes part in international agendas and executes regional and inter-national tasks as commissioned by the government.

Important addresses Ministry of Health and Social Affairs MINISTERIUM FÜR GESUNDHEIT UND SOZIALES Regierungsgebäude 9490 VADUZ Office for Economy AMT FÜR VOLKSWIRTSCHAFT Abteilung Sozialversicherung Austrasse 15 9490 VADUZ www.avw.llv.li Institutions for Old-age and survivors' pensions, invalidity pension and families' compensation: AHV-IV-FAK-ANSTALTEN Gerberweg 2 9490 VADUZ www.ahv.li Office for social services: AMT FÜR SOZIALE DIENSTE Post- und Verwaltungsgebäude 9494 SCHAAN FINANZMARKTAUFSICHT Versicherungsunternehmen und Vorsorgeeinrichtungen Heiligkreuz 8 9490 VADUZ www.fma-li.li

45

Organisation of social protection Liechtenstein 1.1.2005

Ministry for Health and Social Affairs

Ministerium für Gesundheit und Soziales

Financial Market Authority (FMA)

Finanzmarkt-

aufsicht

Office for Economy (Amt für Volkswirtschaft)

Old-Age and Survivors' Insurance (Alters- und Hinterlassenenversicherung)

Invalidity Insurance (Invalidenversicherung) Family Benefits Agency (Familienausgleichskasse)

Office for Social

Services (Amt für soziale

Dienste)

Unemployment

Sickness and

Maternity

Accidents

Old-Age

Death

Invalidity

Family Benefits

Supplementary

Benefits Attendance allowances

Medical rehabilitation

measures

Allowance for Blind

Persons

Social Assistance

Old-Age

Death

Invalidity

Private Institutions

Private Institutions

Basic System: 1st Pillar

Supplementary System: 2nd Pillar

46

Lithuania Social security in Lithuania is administered by the following main institutions: • The Ministry of Social Security and La-

bour (Socialinės apsaugos Ir darbo ministerija). The mission of the Ministry of Social Se-curity and Labour is to develop and im-plement an effective system of social as-sistance, social insurance and labour, harmonised with the EU standards, in or-der to enhance social security of Lithua-nian residents. The Ministry develops policy and drafts legislation for the whole sphere of social security (except health care).

• The State Social Insurance Fund Board (Valstybinio socialinio draudimo fondo valdyba, SoDra) with its local offices (responsible for the insurance schemes for pensions, sickness and maternity as well as the collection of contributions for all schemes and transferring of contributions to the State Patient Fund (Valstybinė ligonių kasa), the National Labour Exchange (Lietuvos darbo birža), and to private pension funds).

• The National Labour Exchange (Lietuvos darbo birža) with its local offices (responsi-ble for active and passive measures against unemployment).

• Municipal social assistance units (re-sponsible for most of the non-insurance benefits (family benefits) and social ser-vices).

• Health system is administered by Minis-try of Health (Sveikatos apsaugos ministerija) and State Patient Fund (Valstybinė ligonių kasa). The Ministry of Health carries out the functions of state administration in the sphere of health care commissioned to it by laws and other legal acts, as well as implements the state policy in that sphere. The State Patient Fund imple-ments the compulsory health insurance fund budget, pays the contracted health insurance institutions through Territorial

Patient funds for the services provided to the insured persons, exercises control over the quality of health care services.

Important addresses Ministry of Social Security and Labour: SOCIALINĖS APSAUGOS IR DARBO MINISTERIJA A. Vivulskio st. 11 03610 VILNIUS www.socmin.lt The State Social Insurance Fund Board: VALSTYBINIO SOCIALINIO DRAUDIMO FONDO VALDYBA (SODRA) Ukmerges st. 12 09308 VILNIUS www.sodra.lt The State National Labour Exchange: LIETUVOS DARBO BIRŽA Gelezinio Vilko st. 3a 03131 VILNIUS www.ldb.lt Ministry of Health: SVEIKATOS APSAUGOS MINISTERIJA Vilniaus st. 33 01119 VILNIUS www.sam.lt State Patient Fund: VALSTYBINĖ LIGONIŲ KASA Gerosios Vilties st. 1a 03147 VILNIUS www.vlk.lt

47

Organisation of social protection Lithuania 1.1.2005

Ministry of Social Security and Labour

Socialinės Apsaugos Ir Darbo Ministerija

Ministry of Health

Sveikatos Apsaugos Ministerija

Sickness and maternity (cash benefits) Invalidity Old-age Survivors Employment injuries and occupational diseases

Unemployment

Family benefits

Health Care

State Social Insurance Fund Board

Valstybinio socialinio draudimo fondo valdyba (SoDra)

Private Pension Funds

(funded pensions - 2nd pillar) Privatūs pensijų fondai (kaupiamosios

pensijos – 2 pakopa)

National Labour Exchange

Lietuvos Darbo Birža

State Patient Fund

Valstybinė ligonių kasa

Local offices of the State Social

Insurance Fund Board (48)

Local offices (46)

Local Municipalities (60)

Territorial Patient Funds (5)

48

Luxembourg The system of social protection in Luxem-bourg has been divided into seven different branches. The administrative organisation reflects the gradual creation of the system and takes account of the different socio-professional categories. At present there are approx. 20 institutions in the field of social protection, which are public institutions. They are financially autonomous and are managed by the so-cial partners. In the sickness funds for em-ployees, employers and employees are equally represented. In the sickness funds for self-employed the insured of the differ-ent occupational groups are represented. The institutions are subject to statutory su-pervision, which is implemented by the General Inspectorate for Social Security as well as by a hierarchic control carried out by the minister in charge. In the case of sickness insurance, the Un-ion of Sickness Funds is in charge of all matters that are not expressly delegated to a specific sickness insurance fund: as a re-sult, the Union of Sickness Funds is, among other things, in charge of the im-plementation of the system of co-payments with regard to health care provision. In ad-dition, the Union deals with relations with health care providers, notably the negotia-tion and conclusion of collective agree-ments. The eight sickness funds enumerated be-low are responsible for reimbursing health care expenses advanced by the insured, for the flat-rate maternity benefit, the fu-neral allowance, and, if necessary, the granting of a cash benefit for sickness and maternity. One can distinguish for the private sector: • the sickness fund for manual workers; • the sickness fund for white-collar workers of

the private sector; • the sickness fund for self-employed; • the sickness fund for the agricultural sector;

for the public sector: • the sickness fund for civil servants and

state employees; • the sickness fund for civil servants and em-

ployees of local authorities; and for the enterprise funds: • the sickness fund for ARBED manual work-

ers; • the sickness fund for ARBED white-collar

workers; • the mutual medical aid fund of the Luxem-

bourg railways. The Union of Sickness Funds is also in charge of the benefits of the long-term care insurance. A special multidisciplinary agency, Cellule d'évaluation et d'orientation, states the need and decides on the extent (expressed in time) of the necessary measures. The unique contribution-related pension system is run by four institutions: insurance establishment for old-age and invalidity, pension fund for white-collar workers of the private sector, pension fund for craftsmen, merchants, and industrial entrepreneurs and the agricultural pension fund. The (Occupational) Accident Insurance As-sociation comprises two departments, the Industrial Section, having general responsi-bilities, and the Agricultural and Forestry Section, responsible for benefits in the field of agriculture and forestry. For family benefits there is only one institu-tion responsible - the National Family Benefits Fund. Unemployment benefits and employment policy is managed by the Labour Admini-stration. The National Solidarity Fund (and the so-cial offices at the local level) are responsi-ble for social assistance benefits. Within the administration the following re-structuring is to be emphasised: • The Social Security Centre manages the

membership and the receipt of contribu-tions for all branches of social security.

• The Medical Control of Social Security is an administration, which has to make de-cisions and produce assessments for other institutions in the medical field only.

• The Social Insurance Office is an ad-ministrative entity including different bod-ies.

Finally it has to be remarked that in the case of disputes in the field of social pro-tection specific jurisdiction will apply: the Council of Arbitration and the High Council of Social Insurance. Important addresses MINISTERE DE LA SECURITE SOCIALE 26, rue Ste Zithe 2763 LUXEMBOURG www.etat.lu/MSS MINISTERE DE LA FAMILLE ET DE LA SOLIDARITE 12-14, avenue Emile Reuter 2420 LUXEMBOURG MINISTERE DU TRAVAIL ET DE L'EMPLOI 26, rue Ste Zithe 2763 LUXEMBOURG www.etat.lu/MSS INSPECTION GENERALE DE LA SECURITE SOCIALE 26, rue Ste Zithe 2763 LUXEMBOURG CONTROLE MEDICAL DE LA SECURITE SOCIALE 125, route d'Esch 1471 LUXEMBOURG www.ccss.lu CENTRE COMMUN DE LA SECURITE SOCIALE 125, route d'Esch 1471 LUXEMBOURG www.ccss.lu ADMINISTRATION DE L'EMPLOI 10, rue Bender 1229 LUXEMBOURG www.etat.lu/ADEM UNION DES CAISSES DE MALADIE 125, route d'Esch 1471 LUXEMBOURG

ETABLISSEMENT D'ASSURANCE CONTRE LA VIEILLESSE ET L'INVALIDITE 125, route d'Esch 1471 LUXEMBOURG www.avi.lu CAISSE DE PENSION DES EMPLOYES PRIVES 1a, bd Prince Henri 1724 LUXEMBOURG www.cmep.lu CAISSE DE PENSION DES ARTISANS, DES COMMERCANTS ET INDUSTRIELS 39, rue Glesener 1631 LUXEMBOURG CAISSE DE PENSION AGRICOLE 2, rue du Fort Wallis 2714 LUXEMBOURG ASSOCIATION D'ASSURANCE CONTRE LES ACCIDENTS 125, route d'Esch 1471 LUXEMBOURG www.aaa.lu CAISSE NATIONALE DES PRESTATIONS FAMILIALES 1a, bd Prince Henri 1724 LUXEMBOURG www.cmpf.lu FONDS NATIONAL DE SOLIDARITE 8-10 rue de la Fonderie 1531 LUXEMBOURG CONSEIL ARBITRAL DES ASSURANCES SOCIALES 16, boulevard de la Foire 1528 LUXEMBOURG CONSEIL SUPERIEUR DES ASSURANCES SOCIALES 2 - 4, rue Bech 1212 LUXEMBOURG CELLULE D'EVALUATION ET D'ORIENTATION 125, route d'Esch 2974 LUXEMBOURG

49

Organisation of social protection Luxembourg 1.1.2005

Ministry for Social

Security Ministère de la sécurité

sociale

Ministry for Family Affairs

Ministère de la famille

Ministry of Labour Ministère du travail et

de l'emploi

General Inspectorate Inspection générale de la

sécurité sociale

Assessment unit Cellule d'évaluation et

d'orientation

Medical control service Contrôle médical de la

sécurité sociale

Sickness and maternity

insurance

Long-term care insurance

Pension insurance

Accident insurance

Social integration

(Minimum income)

Family Benefits

Unemployment benefits

Union of sickness funds

Union des caisses maladie, UCM

Managed by Union of

sickness funds

Social insurance office

Office des assurances sociales

Solidarity Fund

Fonds national de solidarité

Family benefits agency

Caisse nationale des prestations familiales

Employment

administration

Sickness fund for manual

workers

Institutions of Old-Age

and Invalidity insurance

Association of accident

insurances

National social service Service national d'action

sociale

Sickness fund for manual

workers of ARBED

Sickness fund for employees

of the private sector

Pension fund for employ-ees of the private sector

Sickness fund for employees

of ARBED

Sickness fund for civil

servants and State employees

Sickness fund for civil

servants and employees of local authorities

Mutual sickness fund for

Railway (CFL) employees

Sickness fund for self-

employed

Joint administration

Pension fund for

craftsmen, merchants and industrial entrepreneurs

Agricultural sickness fund

Joint administration

Agricultural pension fund

Joint Centre for Social Security

50

Hungary Five Branches of Social Security There are five main branches of social secu-rity in Hungary. Pensions and health services (including the statutory work accident system) are classified as social insurance. The other three branches are the unemployment insur-ance, the family support system and the so-cial assistance system. Field of application Gainfully employed and assimilated persons are insured against all risks: employees (in-cluding the public sector), the self-employed (including member of co-operatives), several assimilated groups, and beneficiaries of in-come subsidy, unemployment benefit or un-employment benefit paid prior to retirement. Various groups of the not gainfully employed population are entitled to health care benefits: Minors permanently resident in Hungary, de-pendant spouses and close family members of insured persons whose monthly income does not exceed 30% of the minimum wage, persons performing military (civilian) service, full-time students, pensioners, beneficiaries of various benefits, allowances, or income sup-ports, persons placed in residential institu-tions providing personal care, restrained per-sons, persons whose need has been recog-nised by the local government, voluntarily in-sured persons and their dependants and per-sons, otherwise not insured, obliged to pay a health care contribution and their dependant close family members or their spouses. Statutory Pension Insurance The system was comprehensively reformed in 1997. The new system consists of two pillars. The reformed first pillar (which is a downsized version of the former PAYG scheme) remains a mandatory state pension, which is publicly-managed and financed on a PAYG basis. The first pillar pension insurance scheme is super-vised by the Ministry of Youth, Family and So-cial Affairs and Equal Opportunities (Ifjúsági, Családügyi, Szociális és Esélyegyenlőségi Miniszté-rium) and is managed by the Central Admini-stration of National Pension Insurance (Orszá-gos Nyugdíjbiztosítási Főigazgatóság, ONYF) and its

county (capital) and local branches. The Pen-sion Payment Directorate, a special body affiliated to the Central Administration of Na-tional Pension Insurance, is basically respon-sible for paying every form of pension benefit to the pensioners (excluding the new 2nd pil-lar). The new second pillar is mandatory, fully funded and run by several authorised and in-dependent private pension funds which are supervised by the Ministry of Finance (Pénz-ügyminisztérium). The new system began oper-ating on January 1, 1998. Various transitional rules gave the chance to join the 2nd pillar un-til the end of 2003 to all those who entered the labour market between 1998 and 2003 and to those who were born in 1973 or later. Since 1 January 2003, all new entrants into the labour market are obliged to become members of the second pillar. Statutory Health Insurance The Ministry of Health (Egészségügyi Miniszté-rium) is responsible for the health insurance system. Health care services can be received from specified health care providers, including private providers contracted by the National Health Insurance Fund (Országos Egészségbizto-sítási Pénztár, OEP). The administration of the mandatory health insurance is fulfilled by the National Health Insurance Fund, the county (capital) health insurance bodies and by the workplace-based social insurance offices. Unemployment insurance The unemployment scheme is a typical social insurance type, pay-as-you-go system; it is however managed separately from the Na-tional Social Insurance Scheme. There are both active and passive labour market measures to promote employment and to provide for the unemployed. The Ministry of Employment and Labour (Fog-lalkoztatáspolitikai és Munkaügyi Minisztérium) is re-sponsible for the unemployment insurance system. The institutional structure of the Hun-garian employment policy system can be di-vided into two main types: self-governing bodies on the one hand and administrative bodies on the other. The State Employment Service is the administrative body of the em-

ployment system. It consists of the National Employment Office (Foglalkoztatási Hivatal), County (Capital) Labour Centres, and Labour Force Development and Training Centres. The self-governing bodies are the National Conciliation Council, the Governing Body of the Labour Market Fund, and County (Capital) Labour Councils. Family support system The Ministry of Youth, Family and Social Af-fairs and Equal Opportunities is responsible for the family benefits. The family support system is a universal system, meaning that every citizen who meets the requirements is entitled. Every citizen who has a child up to a certain age may be entitled to various family support benefits. The family support benefits are paid from the central budget, but practi-cally operated by the administrative bodies of the health insurance scheme and adminis-tered by the National Health Insurance Fund and its subordinate bodies. Social Assistance The public social assistance is a non-con-tributory, means-tested system, which is partly financed by the central budget (90%) and partly from the local governments' own budgets (10%). The social assistance system is managed by the local governments. Vari-ous social assistance benefits are granted by the local governments. The Ministry of Youth, Family and Social Affairs and Equal Opportu-nities is responsible for the supervision. Important addresses Ministry of Health: EGÉSZSÉGÜGYI MINISZTÉRIUM Arany János utca 6-8 1051 BUDAPEST www.eum.hu Ministry of Youth, Family and Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities: IFJÚSÁGI, CSALÁDÜGYI, SZOCIÁLIS ÉS ESÉLYEGYENLŐSÉGI MINISZTÉRIUM Akadémia utca 3 1051 BUDAPEST www.icsszem.hu

Ministry of Finance: PÉNZÜGYMINISZTÉRIUM József nádor tér 2/4 1051 BUDAPEST www.p-m.hu Ministry of Employment and Labour: FOGLALKOZTATÁSPOLITIKAI ÉS MUNKAÜGYI MINISZTÉRIUM Alkotmány utca 3 1055 BUDAPEST www.fmm.gov.hu National Health Insurance Fund: ORSZÁGOS EGÉSZSÉGBIZTOSÍTÁSI PÉNZTÁR, OEP Váci út 73/a 1139 BUDAPEST www.oep.hu Central Administration of National Pension Insurance: ORSZÁGOS NYUGDÍJBIZTOSÍTÁSI FŐIGAZGATÓSÁG, ONYF Visegrádi u. 49 1132 BUDAPEST www.onyf.hu National Employment Office: FOGLALKOZTATÁSI HIVATAL Kálvária tér 7 1089 BUDAPEST Hungarian Central Statistical Office: KÖZPONTI STATISZTIKAI HIVATAL, KSH Keleti Károly u. 5-7 1024 BUDAPEST www.ksh.hu Hungarian State Treasury: MAGYAR ÁLLAMKINCSTÁR Deák Ferenc u. 5. 1052 BUDAPEST www.allamkincstar.gov.hu Hungarian Financial Supervisory Authority: PÉNZÜGYI SZERVEZETEK ÁLLAMI FELÜGYELETE Krisztina krt. 39 1013 BUDAPEST www.pszaf.hu

51

Organisation of social protection Hungary 1.1.2005

Ministry of Health

Egészségügyi Minisztérium

Ministry of Youth, Family and Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities

Ifjúsági, Családügyi, Szociális és Esélyegyenlőségi Minisztérium

Ministry of Finance

Pénzügyminisztérium

Ministry of Employment and

Labour

Foglalkoztatáspolitikai és Munkaügyi Minisztérium

Family benefits

Social assistance

Health care Sickness cash benefits Maternity (benefits in kind and in cash) Employment injuries and occupational diseases (benefits in kind and in cash)

Old-age (First pillar

pension)

Survivors

Invalidity

Maternity - cash benefits

Old-age (Second pillar)

Employment

Unemployment

National Health Insurance Fund

Országos Egészségbiztosítási Pénztár

Central Administration of

National Pension InsuranceOrszágos

Nyugdíjbiztosítási Főigazgatóság

Hungarian State Treasury

Magyar Államkincstár

Hungarian Financial Supervisory

Authority Pénzügyi Szervezetek Állami

Felügyelete

Employment Office

Foglalkoztatási Hivatal

County (Capital)

Health Insurance Fund Offices Megyei (Fővárosi)

Egészségbiztosítási Pénztárak

County (Capital)

Pension Directorates Megyei (Fővárosi)

Nyugdíj-Igazgatóságok

Local branches

Regional Directorates of theHungarian State Treasury

Magyar Államkincstár Területi Igazgatóságai

Local authorities

Települési önkormányzatok

Private pension funds

Magánnyugdíj pénztárak

County (Capital) Labour Centres

Megyei (Fővárosi) Munkaügyi Központok

Local branches

52

Malta Statutory Contribution The compulsory contribution covers the risks of old age, death, invalidity, industrial injury and occupational disease, and for pensions and supplementary benefits. It also covers children's allowance, social as-sistance and the services under the Health Scheme. Every person who has passed his sixteenth birthday, but has not yet reached his retirement, shall become insured under this Act either as an employed person or as a self-employed person, or as a self-occu-pied person if not exempted as stipulated in the provisions of Article 6, and Article 12 (1) of the Social Security Act (Cap 318). All the cash benefits are administered by the Social Security Department (Dipartiment tas-sigurta' socjali) through the 24 district of-fices (22 in Malta and 2 in the sister island of Gozo). Supervision The Ministry for the Family and Social Soli-darity (Ministeru ghall-Familja u Solidarjeta' Socjali) is responsible for the supervision of the benefits paid by the Social Security De-partment; to actively promote, facilitate and contribute to the ongoing development of an inclusive society through the provisions of quality-personalised services and by ac-tively encouraging and assisting individu-als, families and community associations to participate in fighting social exclusions, en-suring equal opportunities for all, with spe-cific emphasis on the most vulnerable members of society. The Ministry of Health, the Elderly and Community Care (Ministeru tas-Sahha, l-Anzjani u l-Kura tal-Komunita') is responsible to provide health care services and the necessary monitoring and control mechanism, to ac-tively promote and contribute to the well-being of the elderly people and the commu-nity care.

Important addresses MINISTRY FOR THE FAMILY AND SOCIAL SOLIDARITY Ministeru ghall-Familja u Solidarjeta' Socjali Palazzo Ferreria Republic Street VALLETTA www.welfare.gov.mt MINISTRY OF HEALTH, THE ELDERLY AND COMMUNITY CARE Ministeru tas-Sahha, l-Anzjani u l-Kura tal-Komunita' Palazzo Castellania 15, Merchants Street VALLETTA www.health.gov.mt DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SECURITY Dipartiment tas-sigurta' socjali 38, Ordnance Street VALLETTA www.welfare.gov.mt DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL HOUSING Dipartiment ghall-Akkomodazzjoni Socjali Block C Beltissebh FLORIANA www.welfare.gov.mt HOUSING AUTHORITY Awtorita' tad-djar 12, Pietro Floriani Street FLORIANA www.welfare.gov.mt DEPARTMENT FOR THE ELDERLY & COMMUNITY SERVICES Dipartiment ghall-anzjani u s-servizzi fil-komunita' 469, St. Joseph High Road STA. VENERA www.welfare.gov.mt

NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE PROMOTION OF EQUALITY FOR MEN & WOMEN Kummissjoni nazzjonali ghall-promozzjoni u l-ugwaljanza ghall-irgiel u n-nisa 2, Cavalier Street VALLETTA www.welfare.gov.mt NATIONAL COMMISSION PERSONS WITH DISABILITY Kummissjoni persuni b'dizabilita 469, St Joseph High Road STA. VENERA www.welfare.gov.mt FOUNDATION FOR SOCIAL WELFARE SERVICES Fondazzjoni ghas-servizzi ghall-harsien socjali 2, Braille street STA. VENERA www.welfare.gov.mt OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY AUTHORITY Awtorita' ghas-sahha u s-sigurta' fuq il-post tax-xoghol 120, St Ursola Street VALLETTA www.welfare.gov.mt DEPARTMENT OF CORPORATE SERVICES Dipartiment ghas-servizzi korporattivi Ministry for the Family and Social Solidarity Palazzo Ferreria Republic Street VALLETTA www.welfare.gov.mt EU AFFAIRS DIRECTORATE Direttorat (Affarijiet dwar l-Unjoni Ewropeja) Ministry for the Family and Social Solidarity Palazzo Ferreria Republic Street VALLETTA www.welfare.gov.mt INFORMATION MANAGEMENT UNIT Ministry for the Family and Social Solidarity Palazzo Ferreria Republic Street VALLETTA www.welfare.gov.mt

DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY WELFARE Dipartiment tal-harsien tal-familja 469, St Joseph High Road STA. VENERA www.welfare.gov.mt DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING CONSTRUCTION & MAINTENANCE Dipartiment ghall-kura u l-kostruzzjoni tad-djar Chaplain John Azzopardi Street STA. VENERA www.welfare.gov.mt NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE FAMILY Kummissjoni nazzjonali ghall-familja Ministry for the Family and Social Solidarity Palazzo Ferreria Republic Street VALLETTA www.welfare.gov.mt NATIONAL COMMISSION AGAINST ABUSE OF DRUGS, ALCOHOL AND OTHER DEPENDENCIES Kummissjoni nazzjonali dwar l-abbuz tad-droga, l-alkohol u dipendenzi ohra Ministry for the Family and Social Solidarity Palazzo Ferreria Republic Street VALLETTA www.welfare.gov.mt CHILDREN & YOUNG PERSONS ADVISORY BOARD Bord konsultattiv dwar it-tfal u z-zghazagh 469, St. Joseph High Road STA. VENERA www.welfare.gov.mt

53

Organisation of social protection Malta 1.1.2005

Minister for the Family and Social Solidarity

Permanent Secretary

Director General EU and

International Affairs

Foundation for Social Welfare Services

EU Affairs Directorate

Policy

Development Directorate

Corporate Services

Project Im-

plementationDirectorate

Information

Management Unit

Sedqa

Sapport

Appogg

Department of Social Secu-

rity

Department of Family Wel-

fare

Department of Social Hous-

ing

Department of

Housing Constr. &

Maintenance

NGO Liaison

Office

Housing Au-

thority

National

Commission Persons with

Disability

National

Commission against Abuse of Drugs, Al-

cohol and other De-

pendencies

National

Commission for the Promo-tion of Equality

for Men and Women

National

Commission for the Family

Commissioner

for Children

Children and Young Per-

sons Advisory Board

Adult Training

Centres

54

The Netherlands Social insurance in the Netherlands is or-ganised jointly by the Ministry of Social Af-fairs and Employment (Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid) and the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport (Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport). A distinction is drawn between national insurance on the one hand, which covers the whole of the population and employees' insurance, on the other, only covering employees (ex-cluding civil servants). The general insur-ance schemes provide for: • insurance for old age, • maintenance for survivors, • insurance for exceptional medical costs,

and • children allowance. The employee's insurance schemes pro-vide for: • insurance for sick pay, • medical care, • insurance for invalidity, and • insurance for unemployment. Since 1 January 1998 there is also an inva-lidity insurance scheme for young handi-capped people. There is no special insur-ance for employment injuries or occupa-tional diseases; these risks are covered by the other insurance schemes. In addition to this, the State runs a social assistance scheme that is managed by the municipal authorities. This scheme is characterised as a safety-net since its objective is to guarantee minimum income to people who do not or no longer have sufficient re-sources to cover the necessary costs of living. With the exception of the insurance for ex-ceptional medical costs, the national insur-ance schemes are implemented by the So-cial Insurance Bank (Sociale Verzekerings-bank), the board of which comprising repre-

sentatives from employees' and employers' organisations. As from 1 January 2002, there have been some fundamental changes in the imple-mentation of the social insurance schemes for employees and young handicapped persons schemes. The tasks of the Re-gional Employment Offices have been re-placed by the Regional Council Offices for Work and Income (CWI's). The CWI's have also taken over several tasks from munici-palities and implementing bodies. Further, the implementing bodies for employees' in-surances have been transferred into one central organisation, the Implementing In-stitution for Employee Insurance Schemes (UWV). In order to guarantee sufficient par-ticipation of employees, employers and municipalities, the Council of Work and In-come (RWI) has been created. The Board of Work and Income advises the Minister for Social Affairs and Employment in the field of work and income. The RWI also subsidises branches and individual compa-nies which stimulate the reintegration of un-employed persons and social security beneficiaries. Health insurance (medical care) is imple-mented by recognised health insurance funds, which are supervised by the Super-visory Board for Health Care Insurance (CTZ), managed by a board appointed by the Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport. The Board is accountable to the Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport. The general insurance for exceptional medical costs is implemented by the health insurance funds, private insurers and the bodies that implement the insurance schemes for public servants. Supervision is also carried out by the Supervisory Board for Health Care Insurance (CTZ).

Important addresses Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment: MINISTERIE VAN SOCIALE ZAKEN EN WERKGELEGENHEID Postbus 90801 2509 LV DEN HAAG Anna van Hannoverstraat 4 www.minszw.nl Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport: MINISTERIE VAN VOLKSGEZONDHEID, WELZIJN EN SPORT Postbus 20350 2500 EJ DEN HAAG Parnassusplein 5 www.minvws.nl Social Insurance Bank: SOCIALE VERZEKERINGSBANK Hoofdkantoor Postbus 1100 1180 BH AMSTELVEEN Van Heuven Goedhartlaan 1 www.svb.org Institution for employee insurance schemes: UWV Postbus 8300 1005 CA AMSTERDAM Bos en Lommerplantsoen 1 www.uwv.nl Health Care Insurance Board: COLLEGE VOOR ZORGVERZEKERINGEN (CVZ) Postbus 320 1110 AH DIEMEN Eekholt 4 www.cvz.nl ZW Postbus 19260 3501 DG UTRECHT Catharijnesingel 47 www.socialezekerheid.nl STICHTING BUREAU VOOR BELGISCHE ZAKEN Rat Verleghstraat 2 Postbus 90151 4800 RC BREDA www.bbz.nl

STICHTING BUREAU VOOR DUITSE ZAKEN Postbus 10505 6500 MB NIJMEGEN Takenhofplein 4 www.bdznijmegen.nl Council for Work and Income: RAAD VOOR WERK EN INKOMEN Postbus 16101 2500 BC DEN HAAG www.rwi.nl Organisation of sickness insurance companies: ZORGVERZEKERAARS NEDERLAND Postbus 520 3700 AM ZEIST www.zn.nl Supervisory Board for Health Care Insurance: COLLEGE TOEZICHT ZORGVERZEKERINGEN (CTZ) Postbus 320 1110 AH DIEMEN Eekholt 4 www.ctz.nl

55

Organisation of social protection The Netherlands 1.1.2005

Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment

Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid

Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport

Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport

• Sickness (ZW) • Maternity (ZW) (cash benefits) • Invalidity (WAO//Wajong) • Unemployment (WW) • Guaranteeing Sufficient Resources

(supplements - TW)

• Old-age (AOW) • Survivors (ANW) • Family benefits (AKW)

Guaranteeing Sufficient Resources: • social assistance (ABW) • social minimum income for specific

groups (IOAW/IOAZ)

• Sickness (ZFW) • Maternity (ZFW) (benefits in kind) • Exceptional medical expenses (AWBZ)

Implementation: • Implementing Institution for Employee

Insurance Schemes • Implementing Bodies (UWV)

Implementation: Regional Offices of the Social Insurance Bank (SVB) Management: Main Office of the Social Insurance Bank

Implementation: • Municipalities • Municipal Social Service

Implementation: • Health Insurance Funds • Private Health Insurance Companies Management: • Health Care Insurance Board (CVZ) • Association of Dutch Health Insurers (ZN)

Supervision: Board of Work and Income

Supervision: Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment

Supervision: Supervisory Board for Health Care Insurance (CTZ)

Inland Revenue: Collection and distribution of contributions of national insurance schemes (AOW, ANW, AWBZ)

ABW: National Assistance Act. AKW: General Child Benefits Act. ANW: General Surviving Relatives Act. AOW: General Old Age Pensions Act. AWBZ: Exceptional Medical Expenses Act. IOAW: Act on Income Provisions for Older, Partially Disabled Unemployed Persons. IOAZ: Act on Income Provisions for Older, Partially Disabled Formerly Self-employed Persons. TW: Supplementary Benefits Act. Wajong: Disablement Assistance Act for Handicapped Young Persons. WAO: Disablement Insurance Act. WW: Unemployment Benefits Act. ZFW: Health Insurance Act. ZW: Sickness Benefits Act.

56

Norway The National Insurance Scheme (folketryg-den) provides compulsory cover for the whole population, and comprises all branches of social security with the excep-tion of family allowances (barnetrygd) that have a separate statutory basis. The deliv-ery of benefits of all branches, family allow-ances included, is administered by the Na-tional Insurance Service (trygdeetaten), a State run public administration, headed by the National Insurance Administration (Riks-trygdeverket). The National Insurance Ser-vice also handles the area of child support payments, recovery included. The branches of unemployment and voca-tional rehabilitation are under a separate administration, the Employment Service (Aetat), headed by the Directorate of Labour (Arbeidsdirektoratet). The National Insurance Service has an in-termediate level of 19 county offices and a local level of some 470 National Insurance Offices, at least one in every municipality. There are Technical Aid Centres in all counties and a National Office for Social In-surance Abroad (Folketrygdkontoret for uten-landssaker) handling individual cases con-cerning insured persons and beneficiaries abroad. A Recovery Agency has been set up to facilitate recovery of maintenance payments, and gradually take over other similar tasks, such as recovery of overpay-ments etc. National Insurance Service Workplace Centres (trygdeetatens arbeidslivs-sentre) have been set up in each County to help reduce sick leave absence and in-clude older workers and the disabled. The Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (Arbeids- og sosialdepartementet) is responsible for the overall functioning of the National Insurance Service, for the Employment Service and for most of the branches of so-cial security, the Ministry of Health and Care Services (Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet)

is responsible for health services, and the Ministry of Children and Family Affairs (Barne- og familiedepartementet) is responsible for family allowances, cash benefits for small children care, cash maternity benefits and the area of child support payments, with the exception of recovery. The provision of health care outside of hos-pitals is a municipal responsibility, whereas hospital treatment generally is the respon-sibility of the State through 5 Regional Health Enterprises. Both are for their main part financed by taxes. The National Insurance Scheme is in part financed by social security contributions, both from the employers and the insured, in part by taxes. Some benefits are exclu-sively financed by taxes, such as family al-lowances, cash benefit for care of small children, single parent benefits and a few others. With minor exceptions the tax au-thorities, under the general responsibility of the Ministry of Finance (Finansdepartementet), and headed by the Directorate of Taxes (Skattedirektoratet), are responsible for the collection of social security contributions. The contributions from the insured are de-ducted from their salary by their employers, as are taxes. The self-employed normally make tax-in-advance payments, contribu-tions included, four times a year. Social assistance does not fall within the scope of National Insurance. Social assis-tance is distributed by municipal Welfare Offices (sosialkontor) and its financial burden falls on the municipalities themselves. Cen-trally, the Ministry of Labour and Social Af-fairs is responsible for social assistance.

Important addresses Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs: ARBEIDS- OG SOSIALDEPARTEMENTET PB 8019 Dep. 0030 OSLO www.asd.dep.no Ministry of Health and Care Services: HELSE- OG OMSORGSDEPARTEMENTET PB 8011 Dep. 0030 OSLO www.hod.dep.no Ministry of Children and Family Affairs: BARNE- OG FAMILIEDEPARTMENTET PB 8036 Dep. 0030 OSLO www.bfd.dep.no National Insurance Administration: RIKSTRYGDEVERKET PB 5200 Nydalen 0426 OSLO www.trygdeetaten.no Directorate of Labour: AETAT-ARBEIDSDIREKTORATET PB 8127 Dep. 0032 OSLO www.aetat.no National Office for Social Insurance Abroad: FOLKETRYGDKONTORET FOR UTENLANDS-SAKER PB 8138 Dep. 0033 OSLO www.trygdeetaten.no

57

Organisation of social protection Norway 1.1.2005

Ministry of Children and Family Affairs

Barne- og familiedepartementet

Ministry of Health and Care Services

Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet


Arbeids- og sosialdepartementet

National Insurance Administration

Rikstrygdeverket

Directorate of Labour

Aetat Arbeidsdirektoratet

National Insurance Service

Recovery Agency

Trygdeetatens innkrevingssentral

County

National Insurance Offices

Fylkestrygdekontor

19 counties

National Insurance Service

Workplace Centres Trygdeetatens

arbeidslivssentre

National Office for Social

Insurance Abroad Folketrygdkontoret for

utenlandssaker

County

Employment Offices Aetat Hovedkontor

Special Services

2. linjetjenesten

Local National Insurance

Offices Trygdekontor

470 units

Local District

Employment Offices

Aetat Lokal

58

Austria Sickness, Accident and Pension Insur-ance Austrian social insurance includes sick-ness, accident, and pension insurance. The implementation of social insurance is carried out by 26 insurance funds which are self-governed bodies under public law. Some insurance funds have to administer 2 or all 3 insurance branches. There are 23 sickness insurance funds, 5 pension insur-ance funds and 4 accident insurance funds. Statutory insurance depends on the occupation performed; there is no choice between the insurance funds for the in-sured person. Because of historical rea-sons a territory- and guild-related division can be found in social insurance (with re-gard to pension insurance see below); there are special insurance funds for rail-way employees, miners and employees of the public service as well as for farmers, persons engaged in a business or trade and for notaries. Apart from their health-care-related tasks the sickness insurance funds also carry out the contribution collec-tion for accident and pension insurance as well as for unemployment insurance. The sickness insurance funds are also respon-sible for the payment of child-raising allow-ance. The provision of health care is pri-marily provided by contract partners. All insurance funds are included in the Main Association of Austrian Security In-stitutions (Hauptverband der Österreichischen So-zialversicherungsträger) which represents the general interests of social insurance - also externally. The association has com-prehensive competences in order to be able to better co-ordinate the activities of Austrian social insurance as a strategy holding. The schemes of sickness insur-ance and accident insurance are under the supervision of the Federal Ministry for Health and Women's Issues (Bundesministeri-um für Gesundheit und Frauen), the pension

scheme is supervised by the Federal Min-istry of Social Security, Generations and Consumer Protection (Bundesministerium für soziale Sicherheit, Generationen und Konsumenten-schutz). For hospital care, 9 Länder funds were es-tablished to take over the function of the sickness insurance funds. Unemployment Insurance Unemployment insurance is run by the La-bour Market Service (Arbeitsmarktservice) un-der the supervision of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Labour (Bundesmi-nisterium für Wirtschaft und Arbeit) (competence in particular for unemployment benefit). The Labour Market Service's Federal Of-fice supervises 9 Länder offices and ap-prox. 100 regional offices. Family benefits The Federal Ministry for Social Security, Generations and Consumer Protection and the tax offices directly supervised by this Ministry are the competent authorities to administer family benefits. Long-term Care Allowance Long-term Care Benefit is granted accord-ing to the need for help and care in 7 cate-gories in the form of a partial compensation for care-related additional expenses. More-over, the Federal State and the Länder have agreed to create a comprehensive system of care in the form of cash benefits and benefits in kind. The payment of care benefit to the pension recipients is as-sumed by the respectively responsible pension insurance or accident insurance fund. The Länder will grant care benefit to those residents who are not entitled to fed-eral care allowance. Apart from the above-mentioned branches of social insurance and the care allowance there is social assistance provided by the Länder.

Important addresses BUNDESMINISTERIUM FÜR SOZIALE SICHERHEIT, GENERATIONEN UND KONSUMENTENSCHUTZ Section II (Pension Insurance) Stubenring 1 1010 WIEN www.bmsg.gv.at BUNDESMINISTERIUM FÜR SOZIALE SICHERHEIT, GENERATIONEN UND KONSUMENTENSCHUTZ Section IV (Social assistance and long-term care benefit) Stubenring 1 1010 WIEN BUNDESMINISTERIUM FÜR SOZIALE SICHERHEIT, GENERATIONEN UND KONSUMENTENSCHUTZ Section V (Family allowances and education allowance) Franz-Josefs-Kai 51 1010 WIEN BUNDESMINISTERIUM FÜR GESUNDHEIT UND FRAUEN Section I (Sickness and accident insurance) Radetzkystraße 2 1030 WIEN www.bmgf.gv.at BUNDESMINISTERIUM FÜR GESUNDHEIT UND FRAUEN Section III (Health care) Radetzkystraße 2 1030 WIEN BUNDESMINISTERIUM FÜR GESUNDHEIT UND FRAUEN Section IV (Policies of development of struc-tures of health care and of consumers' health) Radetzkystraße 2 1030 WIEN HAUPTVERBAND DER ÖSTERREICHISCHEN SOZIALVERSICHERUNGSTRÄGER Kundmanngasse 21 1031 WIEN www.sozialversicherung.at

BUNDESMINISTERIUM FÜR WIRTSCHAFT UND ARBEIT Section II (Labour Market Policy and Unemployment Benefits) Stubenring 1 1010 WIEN www.bmwa.gv.at BUNDESGESCHÄFTSSTELLE DES ARBEITSMARKTSERVICES Treustr. 35 - 43 1200 WIEN www.ams.or.at

59

Organisation of social protection Austria 1.1.2005

Federal Ministry for Health and Women's Issues

Bundesministerium für Gesundheit und Frauen

Federal Ministry for Social Security, Generations and Consumer Protection

Bundesministerium für soziale Sicherheit, Generationen und Konsumentenschutz

Federal Ministry for

Economy and Labour

Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Arbeit

Sickness Insurance -

Hospital service

Employment Injuries

Insurance

Sickness Insurance

(except hospital service)

Parental leave

allowance Kinderbetreuungsgeld

Pension Insurance

Family allowances

Social Assistance

Unemployment

Association of the Austrian Social Insurance Funds*

Hauptverband der österreichischen Sozialversicherungsträger

Federal Office of

Labour Market Service Arbeitsmarktservice

Employment injuries


Sickness Maternity

Parental leave

allowance

Invalidity Old-Age Survivors

9 Länder funds

9 Government of the

Länder

9 Länder Offices

of the Labour Market Service

9 regional sickness insurance funds 9 company sickness insurance funds

Pension Insurance

Pensionsversicherungs-anstalt

General Accident

Insurance Institution (Allgemeine Unfall-

versicherungsanstalt)

Social Insurance for Self-Employed

Insurance Fund for Railways and Mining

Social Insurance Fund for Farmers

Insurance Fund for employees of the public Service

Insurance Fund for Notaries

Local tax offices

District Administration or Municipalities

Regional Offices of the Labour Market Service

* Umbrella association of the social insurance funds, carrying out co-ordination functions in particular.

60

Poland The social security system is contained within the general framework of the Ministry of Social Policy (Ministerstwo Polityki Społecz-nej), Ministry of Health (Ministerstwo Zdrowia) and the Ministry of Economy and Labour (Ministerstwo Gospodarki i Pracy) but the sys-tem's legal, administrative and financial or-ganisation is independent from that of these Ministries. Employees and self-employed persons are covered under the basic scheme. The following institutions administer the so-cial security schemes: • Social Insurance Institute (Zakład Ubezpie-

czeń Społecznych, ZUS) is divided into re-gional services, which are responsible for sickness and maternity cash benefits and pensions for retirement, invalidity, survi-vors, employment injuries and occupa-tional diseases. The Social Insurance In-stitute collects all social security contribu-tions and transfers them to the appropri-ate organisations. The general mandatory pension system in Poland comprises also open pension funds managed by private financial institutions; these are however subject to a strict monitoring and supervi-sion of the State. The insured do not pay the contributions directly to pension funds but pay them to ZUS together with other social insurance contributions. ZUS is re-sponsible for the transfer of the part of a pension insurance contribution to the pen-sion fund chosen by the given insured.

• Regional sickness funds are responsible for providing sickness and maternity health care benefits.

• Community Social Policy Centres provide family benefits.

• Local and Regional Labour offices pro-vide unemployment benefits.

• The State Fund for the Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons (Państwowy Fundusz Reha-

bilitacji Osób Niepełnosprawnych, PFRON) con-trols disabled person's access to employ-ment and rehabilitation. All rehabilitation and employment programmes, including sheltered work, are financed from levies on employers not meeting the disability quota (funds, which are collected by PFRON).

Important addresses Ministry of Social Policy: MINISTERSTWO POLITYKI SPOŁECZNEJ ul. Nowogrodzka 1/3/5 00-513 WARSZAWA www.mps.gov.pl Ministry of Health: MINISTERSTWO ZDROWIA ul. Miodowa 15 00-952 WARSZAWA www.mz.gov.pl Ministry of Economy and Labour: MINISTERSTWO GOSPODARKI I PRACY Pl. Trzech Krzyży 3/5 00-507 WARSZAWA www.mgip.gov.pl Social Insurance Institute: ZAKŁAD UBEZPIECZEŃ SPOŁECZNYCH (ZUS) ul. Czerniakowska 16 00-501 WARSZAWA www.zus.pl The State Fund for the Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons: PAŃSTWOWY FUNDUSZ REHABILITACJI OSÓB NIEPEŁNOSPRAWNYCH (PFRON) ul. J. Pawła II 13 00-828 WARSZAWA www.pfron.org.pl

61

Organisation of social protection Poland 1.1.2005

Ministry of Social Policy

Ministerstwo Polityki Społecznej

Ministry of Economy and

Labour

Ministerstwo Gospodarki i Pracy

Ministry of Health

Ministerstwo Zdrowia

Sickness and maternity (cash benefits) Invalidity Old-age Survivors Employment injuries and occupational diseases (cash benefits) Family allowances

Family benefits

Unemployment

Health care

Social Insurance Institute

Zakład Ubezpieczeń Społecznych, ZUS

The State Fund for the

Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons

Regional units (53)

Community Social Policy Centres

Regional and Local Labour

Offices

Regional Sickness Funds (16)

62

Portugal The Portuguese system of social protection is an autonomous organisation with respect to legal, administrative and financial duties. It is generally supervised by the Ministry of Social Security, Family and Childhood (Ministério da Segurança Social, da Família e da Criança). According to the new framework law no. 32/2002 of 20 December 2002, which came into force in January 2003, the social protection system is made up by three dif-ferent systems: (1) The public system of social protec-tion including three subsystems: the sub-system of contingency mainly aiming at a compensation of a loss or reduction of earnings in case of sickness, maternity, un-employment, employment injury and occu-pational disease, invalidity, old-age and death; the subsystem of solidarity aiming at protecting persons and families in situa-tions of shortage or with insufficient eco-nomic resources or benefits from other so-cial protection schemes and the subsystem of family protection guaranteeing the com-pensation of family charges and protection in case of handicap or long-term care. The first subsystem covers the employees and the self-employed, while the remaining two cover the entire residential population. Civil servants and lawyers are covered by special schemes and have their own spe-cific organisations. (2) The social action system aims at pre-venting and combating poverty, marginali-sation and social exclusion. (3) The complementary system consists of statutory social protection schemes in connection with the public social security system, of contractual schemes completing benefits under the subsystem of contin-gency and finally of voluntary schemes aiming at strengthening voluntary private provision.

The subsystem of contingency is financed by the employees and the self-employed. The subsystem of family protection is fi-nanced both by employee and employer contributions and by taxes. Both the sub-system of solidarity and the social action system are tax-financed. The financing obeys to the principle of di-versification of sources, mainly with a view to reduce labour non-wage costs and to the principle of selective suitability that consists in determining the financing sources and allocating the financial resources following the nature and the objectives of the protec-tion schemes. The following institutions administer the re-spective social protection systems: • The Institute for Social Security (Instituto

da Segurança Social) is responsible for the administration of cash benefits in case of sickness, maternity, unemployment, inva-lidity, old-age and death, benefits to sur-vivors and family benefits. The Institute is also responsible for guaranteeing mini-mum resources as well as for social ac-tions.

• The National Centre for the Protection of Occupational Risks (Centro Nacional de Pro-tecção contra os Riscos Profissionais) provides protection in the event of an occupational disease.

The social security institutions are techni-cally co-ordinated by the central services of the Ministry of Social Security, Family and Childhood. Insurance for employment injuries is com-pulsory for companies; however, insurance is provided by insurance companies super-vised by the Ministry of Finance and Public Administration (Ministério das Finanças e da Administração Pública). Health care is implemented by the National Health Service which is integrated in the Ministry of Health.

The National Health Service exercises its competences on a decentralised basis via regional, sub-regional and local health au-thorities in line with the administrative divi-sion of the Portuguese territory.

Important addresses Ministry of Social Security, Family and Childhood: MINISTÉRIO DA SEGURANÇA SOCIAL, DA FAMÍLIA E DA CRIANÇA Praça de Londres, 2/16º 1049-056 LISBOA www.msst.gov.pt General Directorate for Social Security: DIRECÇÃO-GERAL DA SEGURANÇA SOCIAL Largo do Rato, nº 1 1296-144 LISBOA www.seg-social.pt Institute for Social Security: INSTITUTO DA SEGURANÇA SOCIAL Avª Miguel Bombarda, 1 /5º 1000-207 LISBOA www.seg-social.pt National centre for the protection of professional risks: CENTRO NACIONAL DE PROTECÇÃO CONTRA OS RISCOS PROFISSIONAIS Avª da República, 25/3º esq 1069-036 LISBOA www.seg-social.pt General Directorate for Health: DIRECÇÃO-GERAL DA SAÚDE Alameda Afonso Henriques, 45 1000-123 LISBOA www.dgsaude.pt Ministry of Finance and Public Administration: MINISTÉRIO DAS FINANÇAS E DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA Avª. Infante D. Henrique, 1 1149-009 LISBOA www.min-financas.pt

63

Organisation of social protection Portugal 1.1.2005

Ministry for Social Security, Families and Children

Ministério da Segurança Social, da Família e da Criança

Ministry of Health

Ministério da Saúde

Secretary of State

adjoint to the Minister for Social Security, Families and Children

Cash benefits:

Sickness Maternity Invalidity Old-Age Death Survivors Family benefits

Employment injuries(1)


Unemployment

Guaranteeing sufficient

resources:

Invalidity

Old-Age

Survivors

Social minimum income

Guaranteeing sufficient

resources:

Unemployment

Health care

Central bodies for technical co-ordination

Institute for Social Security

(Instituto da Segurança Social)

National Office for Protection Against Occupational Risks

(Centro Nacional de Protecção contra os Riscos profissionais)

Central bodies

for technical co-ordination

Employment Offices(2) Institute for Social Security

Central bodies

for technical co-ordination Institute for Social Security

Central bodies

for technical co-ordination

Employment Offices(2) Institute for Social Security

National Health Service

Regional Health Authorities

Sub-regional Health Authorities

(1) Private insurance companies for employment injuries under the supervision of the Ministry of Finance and Public Administration. (2) Ministry of Economy and Labour.

64

Switzerland As for Social Security, the sickness and accident branches are placed under the su-pervision of the Federal Office of Public Health (OFSP), which is part of the Federal Department (Ministry) of Home Affairs. The old-age, survivors' and invalidity branches, as well as family allowances in agriculture, are placed under the supervision of the Federal Social Insurance Office (OFAS), which is part of the same Department. Un-employment insurance comes under the remit of the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (seco), itself part of the Federal De-partment for Economic Affairs. Social sickness insurance is divided into two sections: the health care insurance, which is compulsory for the whole popula-tion, and the daily allowance insurance, which is still optional. Accident and occupational disease insur-ance covers all kind of injuries and occupa-tional diseases, compulsorily for employees and optionally for the self-employed. Those who are not insured against injuries under the Law on Accident Insurance are covered under sickness insurance. In spite of a constitutional provision, Swit-zerland has no real maternity insurance at federal level. However, maternity cash benefits and benefits in kind are provided under the Law on Sickness Insurance. Presently, only the canton of Geneva intro-duced a maternity insurance at cantonal level. Old-age, survivors' and invalidity protection is organised following a system based on a public pension scheme (basic federal insur-ance) covering the whole population, sup-plemented by an occupational pension scheme for employees, part of which is compulsory for those in a particular income bracket and optional for the rest, left to the choice of the employer (occupational bene-fit plans). In addition to this, there is a vol-

untary private savings plan benefiting from incentive measures (individual private provident measures). This is the so-called "three pillar system" in Switzerland. Family benefits to agricultural workers and small-scale farmers are governed at federal level while other categories of workers are submitted to one of the 26 cantonal legisla-tions. Unemployment insurance is compulsory for employees. Each branch of social security is managed by different entities. Sickness insurance is managed by recog-nised sickness funds and by private insur-ance institutions authorised to provide so-cial sickness insurance. Accident insurance is managed by the Swiss National Accident Insurance Organi-sation (CNA), which insures more than the half of all employees and by public or pri-vate insurance institutions. The old-age, survivors' and invalidity insur-ance (1st pillar) is managed by cantonal, federal and occupational compensation funds and by a Central Compensation Of-fice. Invalidity insurance is additionally managed by AI cantonal offices. Cantons set the entities responsible for re-ceiving and examining the demands, for fixing and paying the supplementary bene-fits to the 1st pillar, these entities being normally the cantonal compensation funds. The occupational benefit plans concerning old-age, survivors and invalidity (2nd pillar) are managed by the registered pension in-stitutions. In the federal scheme, family allowances are managed by cantonal compensation funds and, in the cantonal schemes, by funds for family allowances (recognised pri-vate funds and cantonal funds). Unemployment insurance is managed by several bodies; mainly by public unem-ployment funds, by private recognised un-

employment funds; by authorities desig-nated by the cantons and by certain bodies of the old-age and survivors' insurance. The last net of social protection, social as-sistance is generally provided under the competence of cantons, while its execution is supplied by municipalities. Social assis-tance is therefore essentially based on 26 cantonal systems, what produces important disparities. Recommendations from the Swiss Conference of social action institu-tions (CSIAS) help to maintain a certain level of harmonisation for these benefits. Important addresses Federal Office of Public Health OFFICE FEDERAL DE LA SANTE PUBLIQUE 3003 Berne www.bag.admin.ch Federal Social Insurance Office OFFICE FEDERAL DES ASSURANCES SOCIALES Effingerstrasse 20 3003 Berne www.bsv.admin.ch State Secretariat for Economic Affairs SECRETARIAT D'ÉTAT A L'ÉCONOMIE 3003 Berne www.seco.admin.ch Liaison Bodies (conventions) 1. Sickness and Maternity Joint Institution LAMal Institution commune LAMal Gibelinstrasse 25 4503 SOLOTHURN www.kvg.org

2. Old-age, survivors and invalidity - 1st pillar Swiss Compensation Fund Caisse suisse de compensation Avenue Edmond-Vaucher 18 Case postale 3100 1211 GENÈVE 2 www.avs-ai-international.ch/ ccv12_cdc/csc.php?pagid=31 - 2nd pillar Safety Fund LPP Fonds de garantie LPP Belpstrasse 23 Case postale 5032 3001 BERNE www.sfbvg.ch 3. Accidents and occupational diseases Swiss National Accident Insurance Organisa-tion Caisse nationale suisse d'assurance en cas d'accidents Fluhmattstrasse 1 6002 LUCERNE www.suva.ch 4. Family allowances Federal Social Insurance Office Office fédéral des assurances sociales Effingerstrasse 20 3003 BERNE www.bsv.admin.ch 5. Unemployment insurance State Secretariat for Economic Affairs Secrétariat d'Etat à l'économie 3003 BERNE www.seco.admin.ch

65

Organisation of social protection Switzerland 1.1.2005

Federal Office of Public Health

Federal Social Insurance Office

State Secretariat for

Economic Affairs

Sickness/Maternity

Injuries and occupa-

tional diseases

Old-age, survivors, invalidity

Family Allowances

Unemployment

Sickness funds recognised by the

Confederation (public funds and pri-

vate funds)

Swiss National

Accident Insurance Organisation (CNA)

Basic Scheme

Old-age and survi-vors' insurance

(AVS) and Invalidity insurance

(AI)

Supplementary

benefits to AVS/AI

Occupational Benefit Plans

concerning Old-age, Survivors and

Invalidity (statutory minimum)

Federal scheme

Agricultural workers and small-scale

farmers

Cantonal schemes Other employed per-

sons

Public unemployment funds (cantonal) and recognised private

unemployment funds

Unemployment insurance compensation

body (compensation fund included)

Private insurance

institutions authorised to provide

social sickness in-surance

Private insurance institutions subject

to the Federal Law on Insurance

Supervision

Public (federal and

cantonal) or occupational com-pensation funds

Cantonal compensa-tion funds (except in Geneva, Zurich and

Basel-City)

Registered pension

institutions

Cantonal compen-

sation funds

Compensation funds for family allowances (recognised private funds and cantonal

funds)

Authorities designated

by the cantons

Joint institution LAMal

Public accident insur-

ance funds

Central compensa-

tion office

Safety Fund

Central Office for 2nd

pillar included

Regional employment

offices

Tripartite Commissions

Swiss Foundation for

Health Promotion

Recognised sickness

funds

AI cantonal offices

Substitute institution

AVS compensation funds

Substitute fund

AI Office for

insured persons residing abroad

AVS Central

compensation office

Employers

Maternity

insurance in the canton of Geneva

AVS Compensation funds

Social Assistance

Cantons,

municipalities CSIAS

Supervision Commission

66

Slovenia The Social Security Scheme in Slovenia comprises Pension and Invalidity Insur-ance, Health Insurance, Unemployment In-surance and Parental Protection Insurance. Insurance is compulsory for all employed and self-employed persons, with the ex-ception of Unemployment Insurance which is voluntary for the self-employed. Insur-ance is financed through social security contributions paid by the employees and employers. Compulsory Pension and Invalidity In-surance Compulsory Pension and Invalidity Insur-ance covers the risks of old age, death, in-validity, employment injury and occupa-tional disease, insurance for pensions and supplementary benefits. Employees, self-employed persons, farmers and some other categories are compulsorily insured under the standard, uniform scheme. The Pension and Disability Insurance Institute (Zavod za pokojninsko in invalidsko zavarovanje Slo-venije) operates through regional units and branch offices, and is self-governed by rep-resentatives of trade unions, employers' association, pensioners and the govern-ment. Compulsory Health Insurance Compulsory Health Insurance covers health services, health care and sickness benefits for diseases and injuries that are unrelated to work as well as employment injuries and occupational diseases. The scheme covers employees, self-employed persons, farmers, recipients of cash bene-fits (including pensioners) and citizens re-siding in Slovenia. The Health Insurance Institute (Zavod za zdravstveno zavarovanje Slo-venije) operates through regional units and branch offices, and is self-governed by rep-resentatives of insured persons and em-ployers.

Unemployment Insurance Unemployment Insurance provides unem-ployment benefits and unemployment as-sistance for compulsory insured employ-ees. The Employment Service of Slovenia (Zavod Republike Slovenije za zaposlovanje) oper-ates through regional units and branch of-fices, and is self-governed by representa-tives of employers' organisations, trade un-ions, employees of the Employment Ser-vice and the government. Supervision The Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Affairs (Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne za-deve) is responsible for the supervision of the Pension and Disability Insurance Insti-tute and the Employment Service. The Ministry of Health (Ministrstvo za zdravje) de-fines the programme of health services and care for insured persons with the Health In-surance Institute and representatives of medical institutions and professions. Other Benefits Family and social assistance benefits as well as services are granted by local Cen-tres for Social Work (Center za socialno delo). The Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Affairs is responsible for supervision.

Important addresses Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Affairs: MINISTRSTVO ZA DELO, DRUŽINO IN SOCIALNE ZADEVE Kotnikova ulica 5 1000 LJUBLJANA www.gov.si/mddsz Ministry of Health: MINISTRSTVO ZA ZDRAVJE Stefanova 5 1000 LJUBLJANA www.2.gov.si/mz/mz-splet.nsf Pension and Disability Insurance Institute of Slovenia: ZAVOD ZA POKOJNINSKO IN INVALIDSKO ZAVAROVANJE SLOVENIJE Kolodvorska ulica 15 1000 LJUBLJANA www.zpiz.si Health Insurance Institute of Slovenia: ZAVOD ZA ZDRAVSTVENO ZAVAROVANJE SLOVENIJE Miklošičeva cesta 24 1000 LJUBLJANA www.zzzs.si Employment Service of Slovenia: ZAVOD REPUBLIKE SLOVENIJE ZA ZAPOSLOVANJE Glinška ulica 12 1000 LJUBLJANA www.ess.gov.si Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia: STATISTIČNI URAD REPUBLIKE SLOVENIJE Vožarski pot 12 1000 LJUBLJANA www.stat.si

67

Organisation of social protection Slovenia 1.1.2005

Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Affairs

Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve

Ministry of Health

Ministrstvo za zdravje

Invalidity Old-age Survivors Employment injuries and occupational diseases (pensions and cash benefits)

Unemployment

Family benefits

Maternity

Social assistance

Health care

Sickness benefit

Employment injuries and

occupational diseases (health care and sickness

benefit)

Pension and Disability Insurance Institute of

Slovenia

Zavod za pokojninsko in invalidsko zavarovanje

Slovenije

Employment Service of

Slovenia

Zavod Republike Slovenije za zaposlovanje

The Health Insurance Institute of Slovenia

Zavod za zdravstveno zavarovanje Slovenije

9 regional units 3 branch offices

12 regional units 59 local offices

62 regional Centres for Social

Work

10 regional units 45 branch offices

68

Slovakia The system of social protection in the Slo-vak Republic is divided into four branches: the two main branches are health care and social security insurance, the others are state social support for families and social assistance. Health care Benefits in-kind are provided under the competence of the Ministry of Health (Minis-terstvo zdravotníctva). The compulsory health insurance system covers treatment in health care institutions and certain medi-cines. It is provided by 5 health insurance agencies, the largest proportion of citizens is insured by the General Health Insurance Agency (Všeobecná zdravotná poisťovňa). The actual provision of health care is entrusted to community health centres, hospitals, policlinics, sanatoria and spas. The social system uses health facilities that are both state and privately owned. Social security insurance Cash benefits are financed by contributions and provided under the competence of the Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Fam-ily (Ministerstvo práce, sociálnych vecí a rodiny) mainly through the Social Insurance Agency (Sociálna poisťovňa), a public body. There is competence of insurance for old-age, invalidity, survivors, sick pay, mater-nity, unemployment and insurance against damage caused by employment injuries or occupational diseases, financed by current income ("pay as you go"). The Social Insur-ance Agency has regional branch offices. A second funded pillar of old-age pension insurance, "Old-age pension saving", has started from January 2005, provided by 8 private pension funds. Complementary pension insurance (as a third pillar) is administered by private com-plementary pension insurance agencies.

The state social support for families Cash benefits are provided under the com-petence of the Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Family. These benefits are paid through the Office of Labour, Social Affairs and Family (Úrad práce, sociálnych vecí a rodiny). Reduction of contributions for pension in-surance is provided by the Social Insur-ance Agency. The tax reduction is provided under the competence of the Ministry of Fi-nance (Ministerstvo financií) and administered through tax offices and enterprises. Social assistance Cash benefits and benefits in-kind are pro-vided under the competence of the Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Family, Minis-try of Health and the self-governing munici-palities. They are paid to handicapped per-sons and those in material need. Social as-sistance is organised through the regional offices of the Office of Labour, Social Af-fairs and Family, municipal offices and non-governmental organisations.

Important addresses Ministry of Health: MINISTERSTVO ZDRAVOTNÍCTVA SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKY Limbová 2 BRATISLAVA www.health.gov.sk General Health Insurance Agency: VŠEOBECNÁ ZDRAVOTNÁ POISŤOVŇA – RIADITEĽSTVO Mamateyova 17 BRATISLAVA www.vszp.sk Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Family: MINISTERSTVO PRÁCE, SOCIÁLNYCH VECÍ A RODINY SR Špitálska 6 BRATISLAVA www.employment.gov.sk Social Insurance Agency: SOCIÁLNA POISŤOVŇA – ÚSTREDIE Ulica 29. augusta 8-10 BRATISLAVA www.socpoist.sk Office of Labour, Social Affairs and Family - Headquarters: ÚSTREDIE PRÁCE, SOCIÁLNYCH VECÍ A RODINY Župné nám. 5-6 BRATISLAVA www.upsvar.sk Ministry of Finance: MINISTERSTVO FINANCIÍ Štefanovičova 5 BRATISLAVA www.finance.gov.sk Tax Directorate: DAŇOVÉ RIADITEĽSTVO Nová ulica č. 13 BANSKÁ BYSTRICA www.drsr.sk

69

Organisation of social protection Slovak Republic 1.1.2005 I. Legislation and

Methodology

Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Family

Ministerstvo práce, sociálnych vecí a rodiny

Ministry of Finance

Ministerstvo financií

Ministry of Health

Ministerstvo zdravotníctva

II. Area of activity

Old-age, invalidity, survivors

Employment injuries and occupational

diseases

Sickness and

maternity: Cash benefits

Unemployment

Social

assistance

Family benefits

Health care:

Benefits in kind

III. Institutions

Social Insurance Agency (for the First pillar pension)

Sociálna poisťovňa

Military Office of Social Security

Office for labour, social affairs

and family Regional self-government

Foundations

Tax Directorate

Daňové riaditeľstvo

Health insurance agencies

IV. Contact places

Enterprises

Social Insurance branch offices

Military Office of Social Security

Regional offices for labour, social affairs and family

Regional self-government

NGO's

Tax offices Enterprises

Health community

centres

Hospitals

70

Finland In Finland all residents are covered by so-cial security schemes which govern basic pensions (national pensions), sickness and maternity benefits and family benefits. In addition, all employed persons are entitled to benefits based on employment, such as statutory earnings-related pensions and benefits for employment accidents. All resi-dents of municipalities have access to health care and social services. The Ministry of Social Affairs and Health (Sosiaali-ja terveysministeriö) is responsible for social security in Finland. Pensions Finland has two pension systems: The Statutory Earnings-Related Pension Scheme and the National Pension Scheme. The Earnings-Related Pension Scheme provides earnings-related and in-surance-based pensions and the National Pension Scheme a complementary mini-mum pension on the basis of residence. These two pensions together form the total statutory pension. The earnings-related pensions in the private sector are managed by 56 pension providers. If the person has been covered by several different pension acts (has had different pension providers), the last pension provider awards and pays the pension. From 1.1.2004 this principle also concerns the public-sector pension providers. The Finnish Centre for Pensions (Eläketurvakeskus, ETK) is the central body of the scheme. The public sector has its own pension providers. National pensions are administered by the Social Insurance Insti-tution (Kansaneläkelaitos, Kela). Health care and sickness insurance The basic responsibility for providing health services lies with the municipalities. All residents of municipalities are eligible for health care. Public health care services are supplemented by private health care. The

sickness insurance provides partial com-pensation for doctor's fees, examination, and treatment given by private sector. Sick-ness insurance refunds part of the costs of medicines and travelling expenses in con-nection with both public and private medi-cal care. The sickness insurance also cov-ers sickness, maternity, paternity, and par-ents' allowances. Sickness insurance is ad-ministered by the Social Insurance Institu-tion (Kansaneläkelaitos, Kela). Unemployment Unemployment benefits consist of earn-ings-related allowance, basic allowance, and labour market support. Most employ-ees are covered by their own sector's un-employment fund, in which case they are entitled to an earnings-related allowance. The allowance is paid by the unemploy-ment fund. The basic allowance and labour market support is paid by the Social Insur-ance Institution (Kansaneläkelaitos, Kela). Employment injuries and occupational diseases All employed persons and farmers are in-sured compulsory. Other self-employed persons than farmers can take a voluntary insurance. The Employment Accident In-surance Scheme is administered by private insurance companies. Family benefits Child allowance is paid for each child under the age of 17 residing in Finland. The amount of the allowance is linked to the number of eligible children in the family. The allowance is paid by the Social Insur-ance Institution (Kansaneläkelaitos, Kela).

Important addresses Ministry of Social Affairs and Health: SOSIAALI-JA TERVEYSMINISTERIÖ PL 33 00023 VALTIONEUVOSTO www.stm.fi Ministry of Labour: TYÖMINISTERIÖ Eteläesplanadi 4 PL 524 00101 HELSINKI www.mol.fi Ministry of Environment: YMPÄRISTÖMINISTERIÖ Ratakatu 3 PL 399 00121 HELSINKI www.ymparisto.fi www.environment.fi Finnish Centre for Pensions: ELÄKETURVAKESKUS (ETK) 00065 ELÄKETURVAKESKUS www.etk.fi Social Insurance Institution of Finland: KANSANELÄKEKAITOS (KELA) Nordenskiöldinkatu 12 00250 HELSINKI www.kela.fi Federation of accident insurance institutions: TAPATURMAVAKUUTUSLAITOSTEN LIITTO (TVL) Bulevardi 28 00120 HELSINKI www.tvl.fi www.vakes.fi

71

Organisation of social protection Finland 1.1.2005 Ministry of Labour

Työministeriö

Ministry of Social Affairs and Health

Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriö

Ministry of Environment

Ympäristöministeriö

Unemployment

• Old Age • Invalidity • Survivors

• Employment inju-

ries • Occupational dis-

eases

Health care

Sickness and Maternity (cash benefits)

Family benefits

Social assistance and social services

Housing allowances

• Unemployment in-

surance funds

• Social Insurance Institution (Kela)* (Kansaneläkelaitos)

• Social Insurance

Institution (Kela)* (Kansaneläkelaitos)

• Pension providers for private-sector statutory earnings-related pensions. Central body: The Finnish Centre for Pensions (Eläke-turvakeskus, ETK)

------------------------------ State Treasury, Local Government pension Institution and Church Office for public-sec-tor statutory earnings-related pensions

Private insurance companies Central body: Federa-tion of Accident Insur-ance Institutions (Tapaturmavakuutus-laitosten liitto, TVL)

• Local authorities • Private sector

services

Social Insurance In-stitution (Kela)* (Kansaneläkelaitos)


• Local authorities • Private sector

services


* An independent body under the Parliament responsible for the basic benefits.

72

Sweden The Swedish social security system, except for unemployment insurance, comes under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs (Socialdepartementet). The basic parts of the insurance cover sickness and parental insurance (sjuk- och föräldraförsäkring), old-age pension (ålderspension), survivors' pension (efterlevandepension), disability pen-sion (förtidspension), part-time pension (del-pension) and work injury insurance (arbetsska-deförsäkring). Under the new Social Insurance Act, social insurance is divided into a domicile-based insurance providing guaranteed amounts and benefits and a work-related insurance against loss of income. Both categories ap-ply equally to everyone who is habitually resident or works in Sweden. Swedish citi-zenship is no longer one of the conditions of the insurance. The Swedish Social Insurance Agency (Försäkringskassan - Huvudkontoret) is responsi-ble for the administration of social security. In every county there is a regional office and in the municipalities there are about 240 local insurance offices. Swedish social insurance is financed mainly by employers' contributions. Insured persons' contributions have recently been introduced to finance part of the old-age pension scheme. Contributions cover three-quarters of all insurance expenditure. The rest is financed by yield from funds and by taxes via the State Budget. Health care is a responsibility for the county councils in Sweden with a taxation right of their own. The unemployment insurance comes under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry, Employment and Communication (Närings-departementet). It consists of two parts: a ba-sic allowance and optional income-related benefit. The basic allowance covers per-sons over 20 years of age who are not op-

tionally insured. Both parts are mainly fi-nanced by contributions from the employer. The optional income-related benefit is vol-untary but members of different trade un-ions collectively join the insurance. Social assistance which is not considered a part of social insurance in Sweden, comes under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. It is supervised by the National Board of Health and Wel-fare (Socialstyrelsen). The local administration of social assistance, including care and service for children and families, care for elderly and handicapped, is a responsibility for the municipalities. It is financed mainly through local taxation.

Important addresses Ministry of Health and Social Affairs: SOCIALDEPARTEMENTET 103 33 STOCKHOLM www.social.regeringen.se Ministry of Industry, Employment and Communication: NÄRINGSDEPARTEMENTET 103 33 STOCKHOLM www.naring.regeringen.se Swedish Social Insurance Agency: FÖRSÄKRINGSKASSAN 103 51 STOCKHOLM www.forsakringskassan.se National Labour Market Administration: ARBETSMARKNADSSTYRELSEN 113 99 STOCKHOLM www.ams.se National Board of Health and Welfare: SOCIALSTYRELSEN 106 30 STOCKHOLM www.sos.se

73

Organisation of social protection Sweden 1.1.2005

Ministry of Industry, Employment and Communication

Näringsdepartementet

Ministry of Health and Social Affairs

Socialdepartementet

Health care

Unemployment: Basic allowance

Unemployment: Optional income related benefit

Sickness and parental insurance

Work injury insurance

Pension insurance: • Old age • Disability • Survivor’s pension

Part-time pension

Family benefits

Dental care insurance

Social assistance

National Labour Market Board

Arbetsmarknadsstyrelsen

Swedish Social Insurance Agency Försäkringskassan - Huvudkontoret

National Board of Health and Welfare Socialstyrelsen

Unemployment Insurance Funds

Social Insurance Offices Försäkringskassan

County Councils Landsting

Municipalities Kommuner

74

United Kingdom A comprehensive state administered social security scheme covers the entire popula-tion. It consists of contributory, non-con-tributory and income-related benefits1. Contributory benefits and their administra-tion are funded by the National Insurance (NI) Fund, which is financed by compulsory contributions based on current income and paid by most workers and employers. The benefits cover old age, widowhood, sick-ness, maternity, and unemployment and are predominantly flat rate. An earnings re-lated component can be paid with some, notably Retirement Pension (Age Pension). Non-contributory benefits are financed from general taxation and are dependent on individual circumstances (e.g. disability, children). Income-related benefits such as Housing Benefit, Income Support (for peo-ple who are not working) and Pension Credit are also funded from general taxa-tion and act as a safety net. The National Health Service (NHS) provides universal health care, which is financed from taxation and the NI Fund and is not dependent on a contribution record. The Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) and its business units are responsi-ble for delivery, support and advice to peo-ple of working age, employers, pensioners, families, children and disabled people. Its key aims are to help customers become fi-nancially independent, improve rights and opportunities for disabled people and help reduce child poverty. The work of the main business units is shown below: • Job Centre Plus helps people of working

age to find work, provides financial sup-port and helps employers fill job vacan-cies.

1 The position in Great Britain is described;

similar arrangements apply in Northern Ire-land.

• The Pension Service delivers benefits and services to pensioners in Great Brit-ain and abroad.

• The Disability and Carers Directorate is responsible for the administration of disa-bility benefits and the disability rights agenda.

• The Child Support Agency administers the child maintenance system and en-sures that parents who live apart meet their financial responsibilities to their chil-dren.

The Inland Revenue is responsible for the collection and recording of contributions and the assessment and payment of tax credits for families and people who are in work. It also administers Child Benefit. Lo-cal authorities administer Housing Benefit and Council Tax Benefit. The Department for Trade & Industry has responsibility for Statutory Paternity Pay and Statutory Adoption Pay. Employers are responsible for paying Statutory Sick Pay, Statutory Maternity Pay, Statutory Paternity Pay and Statutory Adoption Pay. National Health Service authorities are funded to secure health services for their local population through contracts with NHS Trusts and other service providers and professionals. Social care services are provided or purchased by local authorities within a financial and legislative framework determined by the Health Ministry. Employed earners currently paying Na-tional Insurance contributions have to con-tribute towards help for those who cannot provide for their own needs. However, the Government is keen that they should be able to make additional provision for them-selves privately. A key area of private pro-vision is retirement pensions. Supplemen-tary pensions may be provided through an employer's occupational scheme or a per-sonal arrangement with a financial institu-tion. Providing certain conditions are met, this additional pension can supplant the earnings-related component of an individ-

ual's state pension, with a corresponding partial reduction or refund of NI liability to the benefit of the chosen scheme. Occupa-tional and personal pension schemes oper-ate within a regulatory framework deter-mined by Parliament. Individuals may choose to subscribe to private medical in-surance, or employers may offer to meet the cost of private treatment.

Important addresses DEPARTMENT FOR WORK AND PENSIONS The Adelphi 1-11 John Adam Street LONDON WC2N 6HT and Caxton House Tothill Street LONDON SW1H 9NA www.dwp.gov.uk DEPARTMENT FOR EDUCATION AND SKILLS Caxton House Tothill Street LONDON SW1H 9NA and Sanctuary Buildings Great Smith Street LONDON SW1P 3BT www.dfes.gov.uk DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH Richmond House 79 Whitehall LONDON SW1A 2NS www.doh.gov.uk DEPARTMENT FOR TRADE & INDUSTRY 1 Victoria Street LONDON SW1H OET www.dti.gov.uk INLAND REVENUE Somerset House Strand LONDON WC2R 1LB www.inlandrevenue.gov.uk

75

Organisation of social protection United Kingdom 1.1.2005

Department of Health

Inland Revenue

Department for Trade and Industry

Department for Work and Pensions

Medical care and some social

care

National Insurance

Contributions: Assessment and

collection Payment of Child Tax Credit and Working Tax

Credit Child Benefit

Statutory Adoption Pay

(SAP)

Statutory Paternity Pay

(SPP)

Statutory Sick Pay (SSP)

Statutory

Maternity Pay (SMP)

Help with rents and local taxes

Housing Benefit,

Council Tax Benefit

Arrange Maintenance

payment

Provide pension service for

pensioners and pay pension

Cash Social Security Benefit

Employment service and

advice

National Health Service

Doctors and

hospitals

National Insurance

Contributions Office

Tax Credit Office

Employers

Employers

Local authorities

Child Support Agency

The Pensions Service

Jobcentre Plus

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