MISTRA REES ANNUAL REPORT 2017

Mistra REES – Challenging the linear manufacturing model

A Mistra funded programme about Resource Efficient and Effective Solutions (REES)

TABLE OF CONTENT

Have you noticed that the world is changing? �����������3Produce, use, throw – repeat���������������������������������������������4Highlights of the year ����������������������������������������������������������5Seven shades of circularity – a global outlook �����������9Mistra REES ��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11Mistra REES Partners ���������������������������������������������������������� 12Mistra REES – the research team ����������������������������������� 13Mistra REES Programme Board �������������������������������������� 16Mistra REES Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) �� 17Mistra REES Partner – Volvo Cars ���������������������������������� 18Mistra REES scientific publications ������������������������������� 21Publications �������������������������������������������������������������������������� 22Contact Mistra REES ���������������������������������������������������������� 27

In 1609, the Italian scientist Galileo Galilei pointed his telescope towards the sky – a de-cisive event that would soon revolutionize our conception of the world. From being consid-ered the centre of the universe, planet Earth was suddenly reduced to a planet that, like the other planets, revolved around the sun. Now, more than 400 years later, we are faced with a similar discovery. Society is starting to real-ise that national and global economies can no longer rely upon a linear model.

We are at the end of the era of cheap oil and materials. As the world becomes more popu-lous, urbanised and prosperous, demand for energy, food and water will rise. But the Earth has a finite amount of natural resources that can be used to satisfy this demand.

This year ‘Earth Overshoot Day’ will take place on 8 August, which is the earliest ever. But that’s not surprising – we live as if we had 1.7 planets at our disposal. We’re using the re-sources at hand much faster than the planet can provide them. It’s an impossible equation.

Three billion middle-class consumers are ex-pected to enter the global market by 2030. If the Earth’s resources are to meet this future demand, we will have to change our economic system.

The circular economy applies systems think-ing to resources, following flows of materials, energy and information. It also highlights the importance of seeing the bigger picture and understanding the world as a complex system, rather than as a linear and predictable one.

The business opportunities that come with the circular economy are limitless. For example it can reduce manufacturing costs, minimise the environmental impact of production, deliver longer product life, and open for new service businesses.

With a circular economy, the supply chain starts and ends at the same place. We need to change our thinking, and realise that products have no end-of-life, just an end of effective use. One of Mistra REES’s tasks is to demon-strate to a wider audience that our economy and industry must, in fact, be circular.

In this time of fake news and resistance to facts, it is more important than ever that the scientific community collaborates with indus-try as well as with the public sector, to present scientific and empirical facts that oppose the prevalent idea of a linear economy. Those who continue to build their business and advocate the linear economic model are moving back-wards.

As chair of the board of Mistra REES, my mission is to ensure that our researchers and partners remain at the centre of a movement that helps global citizens realise that the idea of a linear global economy is as outdated as the belief that our planet is flat.

Jan-Eric Sundgren, Chair of Mistra REES board

Have you noticed that the world is changing?

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Produce, use, throw – repeat

The idea of Circular Economy is gaining a mo-mentum among companies, households and policy makers. Everyone talks about it, but nobody seems to know what it really means.

Circular economy is more than a manufactur-ing philosophy. It is a systems model in which every part of a product is considered a valua-ble resource that should be carefully handled from cradle to cradle. Not just within the boundaries of the traditional supply chain but stretching beyond that to consider raw mate-rial sourcing along with the use and disposal phase of the company’s products.

To support a smooth transition to Circular Economy, new ways of producing and using products and services are needed, which in turn require innovative business models. It is also about reverse logistics and products as services — as well as new design for reuse in-stead of ”end of life.”

Another way to put the new manufacturing paradigm is to call it ”endless resourcefulness“. Instead of just “less is more,” we can now say: ”endless is more.” And we do not design to throw things away.

Have you ever heard of the parable of Colum-bus’ egg?

The story goes that over dinner, certain Span-ish noblemen were less than impressed by Co-lumbus’ discovery of the America’s. They were claiming that anyone could have done it and that it took no great skill on Columbus part.

Rather than take offence, in response Colum-bus picked up an egg and placed a wager that none of his dinner companions would be able to make it stand up on its end without any help. The noblemen tried, and failed of course. And after they had all tried, Columbus simply cracked the end slightly and balanced the egg vertically on the now flattened end. The moral of the story? A challenge is only simple once

you know how to pull it off – the triumph is in having the courage to try something new and being the first to succeed.

Like Columbus tapped his egg on the table to flatten its tip and make it stand, the research conducted in Mistra REES will help to enable the transition to a resource efficient and cli-mate friendly manufacturing industry.

Mistra REES alleviates the co-production of knowledge on disruptive business models and shared economy. Our researchers and part-ners use case studies and experience from the manufacturing industry to pave the way to-wards the future. Just like our existence moves in circles it is time for the global social econo-my to do the same.

In the Mistra REES programme we combine the best from two different worlds, where some of the most innovative industry actors co-create knowledge with academic excel-lence.

When experience merge with theory no chal-lenge is too big. Mistra REES is challenging the linear manufacturing model!

And remember, when you refuse to reuse it is our earth you abuse.

Mattias Lindahl, Mistra REES Programme director

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Highlights of the year

March – Scientific Advisory Committee in LundProfessor Tim McAloone, Professor Arnold Tucker, Professor Nabil Nasr, and REES board member Pro-fessor Peter Hennicke met with the programme management to advise and provide feedback on Mistra REES research� They contributed with valu-able ideas on how to move ahead in the research, underlining the importance of integrating the different projects to ensure the coherence of REES and promoting what is unique with Mistra REES compared to other initiatives focusing on issues such as the circular economy�

March: Conference waste in new focus – from technology to policy instruments Hosted by REES researcher Maria Ljunggren Sö-derman, this conference brought together key players in the waste and recycling field� Swedish Radio broadcasted from the conference and inter-viewed Maria on the theme of the circular econ-omy; you can listen to the interview on the Mis-tra REES website� Also in attendance were REES researcher Erik Sundin and Matilda Jarbin from REES partner Godsinlösen; they presented their research and remanufacturing activities�

March: Mistra board and secretariat visit LinköpingIn March the Mistra Board and Secretariat visit-ed Norrköping and Linköping, where four Mis-tra-funded programmes are managed� REES pro-gramme manager Mattias Lindahl coordinated the visit, which started in Norrköping, with pres-entations about Mistra Carbon Exit and Mistra Ge-opolitics� The day continued in Linköping, where the visitors learned about the projects Mistra REES and The Seed Box� The group also stopped by Mistra REES partners Qlean Scandinavia to learn about their activities�

March: REES contributes to SOU on circular economyOn 22 March, the inquiry on the circular econo-my was presented to the Swedish minister for the environment, Karolina Skog� In 2016 the government appointed Ola Alterå as head of the inquiry� Its aim is to examine how the trade of used, repaired and upgraded products can be increased� The main objective is to achieve a more resource-efficient economy and to reduce envi-ronmental impact� Mistra REES has contributed to the inquiry on several occasions� In conjunction with the presentation of the inquiry to the minis-ter for the environment, a seminar was arranged at the Swedish government offices in the Rosen-bad building, where REES partner Inrego’s Chair of the board was invited to sit on the panel�

– 2017 in brief – We can only conclude that 2017 has been a successful year for Mistra REES, in terms of scientific results and enhanced cooperation within the programme as well as with our partners and other external parties�

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May: BSI standardMistra REES research was incorporated in the new standard on the circular economy, BS 8001:2017� The standard is the first of its kind and has been developed by the British Standards Institution (BSI)� Research from Mistra REES conducted by Mattias Lindahl, Tomohiko Sakao and Erik Sundin from Linköping University was submitted and used in the standard on pages 66-67� The inclu-sion is a clear recognition of the quality and ac-tuality of the research conducted in Mistra REES� Read more about our achievement on our web-site�

June: Taxation law on chemical productsTogether with REES partner Inrego, Mistra REES had an article published in Svenska Dagbladet (a major Swedish newspaper) highlighting the prob-lems related to the new taxation law for chemical products, in particular for the remanufacturing sector� Apart from Inrego and Mistra REES, the ar-ticle was signed by Jan-Eric Sundgren, our board director; Åke Iverfeldt, director of Mistra; Anders Wijkman, director of Återvinningsindustrierna; and Karin Strömquist Bååthe, secretary general of SNV� Read the article on our website�

July: Mistra REES in AlmedalenOn 3 July, Mattias Lindahl represented Mistra REES in a panel at a seminar entitled ‘Can circular economy be a competitive advantage?’ together with representatives from ABB, Returpack, Swed-ish Enterprise, Region Östergötland and Toyota� REES was also represented at the seminar ‘Every year the public sector scraps 100,000 comput-ers and mobiles� Do we need a Lex Maria to stop this waste of resources?’, which was organised by Inrego with a focus on the possibility of reusing publicly owned IT equipment� Mistra REES’s pres-ence in Almedalen led to a number of interesting meetings, and it is clear that the networking in Almedalen opens doors for further collaboration and visibility for Mistra REES research�

September: New board membersIn September we strengthened the Mistra REES board with two new members: Ola Alterå, who led the government’s report on the circular econ-omy, and Lena Westerholm, ABB’s sustainability manager� With their profound knowledge from industry and from government offices, they have brought an abundance of knowledge and inter-esting ideas to Mistra REES research�

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September: Mistra REES Annual Meeting in MalmöHeld at STPLN’s premises in Malmö, the theme of this year’s meeting was to evaluate and dis-cuss the results achieved within the programme, which has been ongoing for two years� Mistra REES researchers and partners discussed results from completed research and used the meeting as an arena for in-depth dialogue on ideas for the continued collaboration between researchers and partners� The meeting was planned to enable interactive exercises� We noted that several inter-esting collaborative projects took shape that can be carried out within the framework of the pro-gramme, partly between REES researchers and partners – and with several partners in the same project�

September: Speeches at event at the Environmental Science departmentCarl Dalhammar gave a speech at an event on waste and the circular economy at the Environ-mental Science department, Lund University� The event was open to all kinds of organisations and the university’s students� Carl presented the re-search in REES and several of the student projects that were conducted for the REES partners� Two students also presented master theses that they wrote in collaboration with the REES partners�

September: The 8th International Conference on Life Cycle ManagementREES PhD student Sergio Brambila (Linköping University) and Karin Eriksson (Volvo Group) pre-sented a poster at the 8th International Confer-ence on Life Cycle Management as an outcome from collaborative work in the Mistra REES design project� They reported how a Swedish company works on REES design today, focusing on an envi-ronmental evaluation tool in the transport sector and its impact on decision-making in the early stages of design�

October: 3rd International Conference on Remanufacturing (ICoR)On 24-26 October, REES researcher Erik Sundin and programme director Mattias Lindahl hosted the 3rd International Conference on Remanufac-turing (ICoR), co-organised with the University of Strathclyde, at Linköping University� It was a great success, attracting international guests from ac-ademia and industry with the aim to learn more about research and industrial trends in reman-ufacturing� The website and programme can be found here� An article from the conference can be found here�

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November: REES well represented at PLATE conference in the NetherlandsREES PhD student Katherine Whalen attended and presented at the 2nd Product Lifetimes and the Environment (PLATE) conference in Delft, Nether-lands� Her talk focused on the various ways com-panies embed circular economy thinking in their business models, based on research findings from the analysis of over 200 business model cases� At the same conference, Carl Dalhammar chaired a workshop session on consumer information schemes� In the workshop, researchers and prac-titioners discussed options for schemes to convey product lifetime information to consumers�

November: Circular economy policy – municipalities’ network workshopREES PhD student Leonidas Milios gave a pres-entation on policy approaches to circular econo-my, presenting results of the Mistra REES project, as well as case studies of municipal efforts for more resource-efficient solutions� The workshop was held in Linköping and participants includ-ed regional and municipal authorities of the Östergötland region of Sweden�

December: Requirements specification and sustainabilityREES PhD student Sara Nilsson defended her Li-centiate thesis on requirement development for designing a REES� It is challenging for a company to consider all the relevant aspects throughout the offering’s lifecycle involving different engi-neering domains to identify and prioritise require-ments� She identified success factors including: keep a clear and common goal, consider the en-tire lifecycle, and maintain traceability�

December: Business model innovation toolJulia Nußholz (IIIEE, Lund University) finalised the development of a tool for mapping circular busi-ness models that entails not only the elements of a business model but also the ‘cycles’ that can be created to integrate circularity in the business model� The tool was tested through the kind support of REES companies that operate circular business models (PolyPlank and Off2Off), work-shops with academic experts in the field, and was presented to an audience of practitioners and researchers at the PLATE conference at TU Delft in the Netherlands� The tool will soon be made available for companies and additional rounds of testing are planned to further improve its effec-tiveness for driving circular business model inno-vation in practice�e�

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Seven shades of circularity – a global outlook

The circular economy model aims to achieve environmentally and economical-ly sustainable growth by maintaining the value of products, materials and resourc-es in the economy for as long as possible. Unlike the “traditional”, linear economic model used since the industrial revolu-tion and based on a ’take-make-consume-throw away’ pattern, in a circular economy, products and the materials they contain are valued highly. In October last year, a UN report confirmed what most of the cli-mate world already knew: that the carbon reduction pledges made by nations at the Paris Summit in 2015 are insufficient if the world is to avert dangerous global warm-ing. Instead, the pledges will only deliver a third of the emissions cuts needed to avoid the worst impacts of climate change. The UN report thus sharpened the poli-cies needed to close the gap between the promises made and the reductions that are needed.

Back in 2008, an OECD Council Recommen-dation encouraged member countries to “take appropriate actions to improve resource pro-ductivity and reduce negative environmental impacts of materials and product use”. The inclusion of specific goals related to resource efficiency in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development represented a major landmark. And so did the introduction of resource ef-ficiency into the G20 agenda in 2017, par-ticularly given the presence in that forum of various countries with large resource endow-ments.

How can research contribute to closing the gap?Recently a team of researchers at the Dutch think tank Circle Economy presented a paper on how to close the ’circularity gap’, a new way of measuring the difference each year between the resources we use and discard. The paper

was presented in Davos, where this team of researchers had taken an initiative to get the world’s economic, political, and business elite gathered to think in the same way about the world’s resources.

The paper presented by the think tank finds that resource extraction for materials such as food, energy, and ore has increased 12-fold between 1900 and 2015 and is forecast to dou-ble over the next 35 years through to 2050. One main conclusion in the paper was thus that closing the circularity gap could prevent massive environmental damage from waste streams and at the same time have major im-pact on climate change. However, it is clear that ”major trend corrections” are needed to get the global economy on to a path towards circularity.

Increased awareness around the worldIn recent years there has been tangible policy action by a number of governments around the world. Circular economy roadmaps were introduced in China in 2013, in the Europe-an Union in 2015, and in Finland, France, and the Netherlands in 2016. Several of these roadmaps include specific quantitative targets on resource efficiency, recycling rates, or dis-posal quotas. For example, China has a stated objective of reusing 72 per cent of industrial solid waste while the Netherlands is aiming for a 50 per cent reduction in the use of vir-gin resource inputs by 2030. Other countries have introduced national policy frameworks related to resource efficiency or materials management. The Sustainable Materials Man-agement Program in the United States focuses on tracking and reducing the overall amount of materials disposed of, reducing lifecycle en-vironmental impacts of materials.

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EU steps upWith EU member states also finally agreeing in January 2018 to the terms of the Circu-lar Economy Package, which sets out among other things a binding goal of 65 per cent recycling by 2035, there have been calls for evidence that promises by governments and businesses will be translated into action.

European legislation has also been a driver of government and industry action to improve waste management, stimulate innovation, lim-it the use of land filling, and create incentives to change consumer behavior. The European Commission has recently made proposals to revise EU legislation on waste to set clear tar-gets for recycling and establish an ambitious and credible long-term path for waste man-agement in the European Union.

What can Mistra REES do?Mistra REES’ remit is to develop principles, methods and guidelines that make resource-ef-ficient products, services and business models possible. Another aim is to propose policy in-struments and policy packages that favour the transition to a more circular economy.

Twelve companies and two municipalities and non-profit organisations are taking part in the programme, which comprises five con-nected research projects. In the first project, a knowledge base is being created for the rest of

the programme through exploration of which conditions in which products and services are more resource-efficient. Business and policy drivers and obstacles are also being studied. Based on the first project, there are three pro-jects to devise methods and tools for devel-oping products and services, business models and policies. In addition, there is a project to synthesise knowledge in the above-mentioned projects and explore scope for various parts of a circular economy to work together efficiently.

Who will benefit from the results?The businesses, municipalities and organisa-tions taking part will obtain a head start in terms of knowledge, greater visibility to the public, customers and clients, and access to a network of similar stakeholders.

However, to strengthen competitiveness in the long term, the results must be disseminated to the whole of Swedish industry. In addition, decision-makers from other sectors in society will be offered practical tools, such as work-shops, textbooks, popular-science articles and summaries.

Mistra REES intends to move the research frontline in circular economy forward and mold a new generation of Swedish interdisci-plinary researchers and practitioners that will be at the forefront of the global movement to-wards a global circular economy.

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Mistra REES

The consortiumThe Mistra REES program builds upon a con-sortium of prominent academic environments and partners from the Swedish manufacturing industry. When establishing this consortium, we wanted to bring together large and medi-um sized companies as well as the public sec-tor to ensure that the research is conducted to-gether with partners using different approach to achieve REES.

The Mistra REES partners are industrial as well as public actors in the automotive, health-care and remanufacturing sectors. When con-ducting research our project teams apply a case-study approach where they look at actual cases collected from our partners. This pro-vides our researchers a deeper understanding for the practical application of resource effi-cient and effective business models and what results they bring to our partners. As such it is safe to say that our partners stand behind the program vision and actively contribute to the program goal.

This phase of Mistra REES runs four years (2015–2019) with funding from Mistra with 42 MSEK. The three participating academic partners contribute with in-kind 9.4 MSEK, and 16 non-academic partners with in-kind 29.0 MSEK and 0.8 MSEK in cash. Like many other Mistra programmes REES aims to apply for Mistra-funding for another four years of research and related activities, from 2019–2023.

Strategic reserve for complementary ideasWhile the research projects focus on vari-ous key elements necessary in the transition towards a Circular Economy, we have also alleviated strategic funding to activities deal-ing with the overall transition management towards Circular Economy. Such an activi-ty could make use of the results in the other REES projects and package them in a transi-tion management framework.

To ensure that the research is always relevant and reflects the trends visible in the manufac-turing sector the research in Mistra REES and new research ideas are continuously evaluat-ed. On an annual basis the program plan is refined as per need, based on input from con-sortium members, the program board and the program management.

Mistra REES is a large consortium, with many actors and complex research areas. Hence halfway through the programme input from partners and commentators have resulted in a strategic choice to put resources into com-munication, strategic positioning and collab-oration with other ongoing REES initiatives. As such we aim to stimulate and support in-teraction, dissemination and communication, with a focus on resource-efficient and effective solutions and the circular economy, between our Mistra REES programme and ongoing programs, projects, and actors such as compa-nies, industry organizations and standardiza-tion organizations.

Budget (2015-2019) Outcome (2015-2017)

Mistra 42�0 MSEK 20�3 MSEK

Academic partners 9�4 MSEK 3�8 MSEK

Non-academic partners 29�8 MSEK 19�4 MSEK

Total 81�2 MSEK 43�5 MSEK

Mistra REES financing (4 years (2015-2019)

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Mistra REES Partners

The Mistra REES programme brings together leading Swedish universities, large and small companies and societal actors� The strong collaboration between academia and the participating partners foster an opportunity to co-create, evaluate and implement research results that have proven added value for our external partners�

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Mistra REES – the research team

The Mistra REES research programme consists of several projects relating to the industrial and societal practices – most notably product and service design, business models, and governmental policies – that are part of the “puzzle of activities” that need to change to realize the vision of the Circular Economy� There are currently 22 researchers from three universities who actively contribute to the Mistra REES programme� The research is organized in five teams focusing on questions related to ‘Characteristics, Conditions, Drivers and Obstacles’, ‘Product and Service Design Methods’, Business Strategies and Models’, ‘Policies’ and ‘Interrelations’ respectively�

Abhijna Neramballi, PhD LiUProduct Service Design Methods

Research focus: Early stages of PSS design, PSS design support, LCA studies� Current research focus involves in developing a better understanding of Product Service Systems (PSS) design through empirical studies such as protocol analysis, LCA etc, with the long term

aim of providing useful and applicable design support for industries during PSS development�

Anne-Marie Tillman, Professor, Cha lmersCharacteristics, Conditions, Drivers and Obstacles

Project leader for REES project Char-acteristics, Conditions, Drivers and Obstacles which aims to investigate what physical means for resource efficiency are effective for what type of products and solutions, in what respects, and to map the drivers and barriers for their realization�

Christian Kowalkowski, associate professor LiUProduct Service Design Methods

Christians research is concerned with service growth in product firms, solutions marketing, service innovation, relationship dynamics, and value-creation strategies�

Andrius Plepys, Assistant professor IIIEEBusiness Strategies and Models

Research Focus: Project leader for REES project about Business Strat-egies and Models aims to improve understanding on the state of art and advance the academic and practical knowledge on business strategies and business models for REES in the Swedish industry�

Carl Dalhammar, Assistant professor, IIIEEPolicies

Project leader for REES project on Policies aims to provide an over-view, analysis and recommenda-tions for policy and policy packages of relevance for REES�

Daniel Böckin, PhD ChalmersCharacteristics, Conditions, Drivers and Obstacles and Business Strategies and Models

Research focus: Life Cycle As-sessments of resource efficient solutions, to figure out what makes them resource efficient or not�

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Johannes Matschewsky, PhD LiUProduct and Design Methods

Research focus: Johannes has worked in several projects with Swedish companies to create sus-tainable solutions and to increase their competitiveness through integrating products and services into intelligent systems� In REES he is supporting the research on devel-

opment of systematic approaches and best practices aimed at industry use�

Erik Sundin, associate professor LiUProduct and Design Methods

Erik does research on manufactur-ing and through a large internation-al collaboration� He is affiliated to REES providing expertise on how to best use life cycle information about products to facilitate remanu-facturing and design-for-remanu-facturing�

Katherine Whalen, PhD IIIEEBusiness Strategies and Models for REES

Research focus: Creation of a taxonomy and tools for assisting the development of new circular business models�

Maria Ljunggren Söderman, Assistant professor ChalmersCharacteristics, Conditions, Drivers and Obstacles

Maria Ljunggren Söderman conducts research on sustainable management of material resources� Based on systems analysis methods such as material flow analysis, life cycle assessment and systems engineering modelling, her work integrates assessments of resource

and waste policy with analyses of the use and end-of-life treatment of scarce and critical materials in complex products�

Julia Nussholz, PhD IIIEEBusiness Strategies and Models for REES

Research focus: Business models for prolonging the life of products and closing material loops�

Hampus André, PhD ChalmersCharacteristics, Conditions, Drivers and Obstacles as well as Product and Service Design methods, Business Strategies and Policies.

Research focus: Environmental as-sessment of REES, with a particular focus on resource valuation and material scarcity�

Leonidas Milios, PhD IIIEEPolicies

Research focus: Policies for Re-source Efficient and Effective Solu-tions� Special focus on (1) policies for increasing reuse and reman-ufacturing; (2) improving market conditions for recycled materials; and (3) Green Public Procurement for a Circular Economy�

Marianna Lena Kambanou, PhDProduct and Service Design Methods

Research focus: PSS Lifecycle Management based on Lifecycle Costing (LCC)�

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Oksana Mont, professor IIIEEBusiness Strategies and Models for REES

Manages REES project on Business Strategies and Models for REES to-gether with Andrius Plepys� Oksanas research areas are sustaina-ble consumption production and lifestyles, product-service systems, innovation in industry and social innovation, supply chain manage-

ment and corporate social responsibility, and environ-mental product policy�

Tomohiko Sakao, Professor LiUProduct and Service Design Methods

Project leader for REES projects on Product and Service Design Meth-ods focusing on effective design support in early stages of producing resource efficient and effective solutions�

Sergio Brambila, PhD LiUProduct and Service Design Methods

Research focus: Analysis and evalu-ation of conceptual design� Licenti-ate thesis #Early stages of designing resource efficient offerings�

Maria Widegren, PhD LiUProduct and Service Design Methods

Research Focus: Conceptual design: how designers work today and could work better tomorrow� Con-ceptual design of resource efficient and effective solutions, to develop support for designers�

Raphael Wasserbaur, PhD LiUInterrelations

Research focus: Circular econo-my-related business activities and the interlinkages between product design, business model decisions and public policies�

Mattias Lindahl, REES programme director and professor at LiU

Mattias is among the top interna-tionally-recognised scholars in the areas of Ecodesign and Product Service Systems (PSS)� He has conducted research and teaching in EcoDesign since 1997, and research and teaching in Integrated Product Service Engineering (IPSE) also

often called PSS since 1999�

Siri Willskytt, PhD ChalmersCharacteristics, Conditions, Drivers and Obstacles and Product and Service design methods

Research focus: Life cycle assess-ment of resource efficient solution� Mainly investigating how and under which circumstances and for which types of products strategies for improved resources efficiency are working and when not�

Yang Liu, Associate Professor LiU

Main research interests include smart manufacturing, product ser-vice innovation, decision support system, sustainable competitive advantage, of which his modelling and qualitative/quantitative analy-sis skills are especially useful in his work in Mistra REES�

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Mistra REES Programme Board

The board supports the program manager and is responsible for establishing plans and budgets, monitoring progress, and approving annual reports� The board meets approximately four times a year and consist of industry and academic representatives�

Dr. Jan-Eric Sundgren, Chair of the Board Sundgren independent consultant� Worked for Volvo Group 2006 -2013 as Executive Vice President and 2013-2016 as Senior Adviser to the CEO� He was President of Chalmers University of Technology 1998-2006 and prior to that Professor in Thin Film Physics at Linköping University� He is chairman of the Strategic Innovation program Production 2030 board member of Hogia AB, Impact Coatings AB, Mälardalen University, Chairman of board of EIT RawMaterials Gmbh as well chairman of the Swedish Council for Research Infrastructure RFI�

Prof. Eva Heiskanen, member of the board is professor at the University of Helsinki Consumer Soci-ety Research Centre and a member of the Expert Panel on Sustainable Development� Professor Heiskanen has worked on energy and environmental issues in consum-er and organization studies since 1991� Heiskanen is in charge of a project that focuses on learning from renew-able energy pilots and trials at the Smart Energy Transi-tion project funded by the Strategic Research Council�

Lena Westerholm, member of the board is the manager of sustainability affairs at ABB since 2010� She has a long background working with sustainability issues within the company� Her role includes coordinat-ing the introduction of ABB’s sustainable development program in the company’s Swedish operations�

Prof. Dr. Peter Hennicke, member of the board became professor at the University of Wuppertal in 1994� He was President of the Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy (2000-2008)� He was expert of three Enquiry Commission on energy and climate of the „German Bundestag”� He is member of the Club of Rome� He received the “German Environmental Award” (2014) of the German Federal Environmental Foundation and the “Gothenburg Award for Sustainable Development“ (2015) in Sweden� Today he sits on numerous Boards and committees at national, European and global level�

Björn Stigson, member of the board was president of the World Business Council for Sus-tainable Development (WBCSD) until 2012� He now serves on boards and committees advising the Chinese government, the Dow Jones Sustainability Index, the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, the Clinton Global Initiative and the Global Reporting Initiative�

Ola Alterå, member of the board was State Secretary in the Ministry of Enterprise, Ener-gy and Communications (2006-2010), with responsibil-ity for energy policy and the state-owned companies� 2011-2013 he was positioned in Kenya as head of UN-IDO, United Nations Industrial Development Organiza-tion� Alterå was in charge of the government inquiry on Circular Economy that was presented in 2017� From 2018 he is Chief Executive of the Swedish Climate Policy Council��

From left: Jan-Eric Sundgren, Peter Hennicke, Eva Heiskanen, Björn Stigson, Lena Westerholm, Ola Alterå

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Mistra REES Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC)

The role of the Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) is to ensure the production of a high level of scientific knowledge and results in the program� Its main duties include providing scientific direction for the program, assessing annual progress and making recommendations�

LL.M. Caroline Ankarcrona, Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences (IVA), SwedenProject Manager for the ongoing IVA project “Resource efficient business models – increase competitiveness” that analyzes business models for radical resource ef-fectiveness, policy enablers for businesses towards resource efficiency and a circular economy and aims to identify opportunities and barriers to such business models� The project has five working groups on con-sumer goods, infrastructure, food, input materials and capital goods, and a policy analysis group� The project is financed by VINNOVA, the Swedish Agency for Eco-nomic and Regional Growth, MISTRA and others will run through 2015�

Professor Nabil Nasr, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), United StatesWith more than 25 years’ experience in researching sustainable production, remanufacturing, clean pro-duction, and sustainable product development, he is considered an international leader in research and de-velopment efforts in these disciplines� He is also Found-ing Director of the Golisano Institute for Sustainability at RIT and the Center for Remanufacturing and Resource Recovery at RIT� His has strong ties to industry and is an expert delegate for the U�S� government in several in-ternational forums, including the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization�

Professor Arnold Tukker, Leiden University, NTNU, Trondheim, TNO, NetherlandsShares his time between the role as Director of the Insti-tute of Environmental Sciences (CML) at Leiden Univer-sity and as senior researcher at TNO, a large non‐profit research organization in the Netherlands� He has set up prominent EU projects in the field of sustainable prod-uct design (SusProNet) and sustainable consumption and production (SCORE!), and was a core member of the 10 Million Euro Dutch Knowledge Network on Sus-tainable System Innovations� He has authored 6 books, refereed 47 papers and 7 special issues on sustainability research and has been engaged in work with the UN on the Green Economy Initiative, the Resources Panel, the Ten Year Framework of Programs on Sustainable Con-sumption and Production, and Sustainable Develop-ment Goals�

Professor Tim C. McAloone, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), DenmarkWorld leading expert in EcoDesign and Product/Ser-vice‐Systems (PSS), who works closely with Danish and international industry, to create new methods and models for a wide range of product development issues, particularly in the fields of PSS, sustainable design and product innovation� He is frequently used as a Ph�D� examiner and sits on numerous boards and advisory panels within the fields of sustainability and product development�

From left: Caroline Ankarcrona, Nabil Nasr, Arnold Tucker, Tim McAloone

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Mistra REES Partner – Volvo Cars

Today, there are approximately one billion passenger cars on the roads. In 2017 more than 75 million cars were manufactured, and by the end of next decade that figure is expected to rise to 100 million a year. Cars are material-intensive and despite the long tradition of recycling and reusing in the automotive sector, much remains to be done.

Volvo Cars is one of the companies that invest heavily in circularity and resource efficiency. Their lifecycle perspective en-tails reducing the environmental impact of the products and to provide people with sustainable mobility solutions. That does not just mean reducing emissions from exhaust pipes, but to be a company seeking to deliver sustainable products and incorporating elements like durable materials and reprocessing as well as the development of alternative, more resource efficient business models.

At the end of its use on the road, every Volvo car should be recycled up to 85%. Volvo’s goal is to have 1 million of their electric cars on Sweden’s roads in 2025. We talked to senior strategic environment advisor Axel Edh to learn more about Vol-vo Cars life cycle perspective, and why the engagement in Mistra-REES is so central to Volvo Cars’ work towards a more circular business and manufacturing strategy.

To what extent does the idea of circular economy permeate Volvo Cars’ environmental strategy?Caring about the environment is one of the core values that guide all activities at Volvo Cars. Our ambition is to be completely cli-mate-neutral in 2025. We have a long tradition of environmental focus, previously and mainly in terms of reducing the environmental foot-print once our cars hit the road. But we have

also focused a lot of research and development on finding ways to reduce our environmental impacts already in the manufacturing phase. As such, it is a natural step for us to focus on circularity and resource efficiency.

Through circular methods and models, we can take a greater grip on our sustainability efforts. New business models not only give us better opportunities, but also provide other bene-fits in terms of increased material efficiency. An example of this is products service, where companies sell a function instead of a product, which leads to reduced material usage. The shift towards a more circular economy will be particularly clear in the automotive sector.’

What does Volvo Cars put into the concept of circular economy?Circular methods and models are the means we have at our hand to lift sustainability to a new level.

Basically, it is about considering environmen-tal impact from a lifecycle perspective, mean-ing that you look at it from resource extrac-tion, through the application phase, until the stage when the car is recycled. Today we look at the environmental effects of the car from a holistic perspective.

What are the major challenges in the process of making the automotive industry more circular?The key to making the automotive industry more circular is to take care of and re-use more materials. The recovery rate of materials in the sector is already high, but it can become even better.

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One challenge is that the composition of ma-terials is becoming more complex, containing increasing proportions of plastics, light metals and electronics.

The vehicle industry is faced with a huge tech-nology shift, which will affect material flows essentially. We will also see major changes in business models and value propositions, that is, how we own and use cars for transporta-tion.

What changes are you noticing in the industry?There is a lot going on in the automotive in-dustry right now.

Previously, the focus was mainly on capturing iron and steel, but today we notice that the market is also increasingly asking for recycled copper, copper, aluminum, zinc, magnesium, nickel and lead.

On the other hand, it has been more difficult to recycle textiles and plastic. However, this is about to change thanks to the recent technol-ogy.

So, in terms of business – will increased circularity have a positive impact on profitability?Yes, there is a great economic potential with increased resource efficiency and smarter ma-terial use.

It is noticeable today that the increasing de-mand for commodities leads to higher vola-tility. This will become even more obvious as the electrification of the automotive sector will lead to dramatically increased demand for certain new rare materials, such as cobalt. In addition, there are great business opportuni-ties in the emerging product service market – not the least for us as a vehicle manufacturer.

What are your expectations for 2018?I am looking forward to a shift towards a more circular economy, that gets more attention among politicians and policy makers. The changes will not just happen, we need clear guidelines and incentives must be clear from the government and politicians – at regional, national as well as at European level.

What impact does Mistra-REES have on Volvo Cars’ work towards a more circular strategy?Mistra-REES plays a very important role in the shift towards a more circular economy. If we want to speed up the shift towards in-creased circularity, joint efforts are required. We need arenas such as REES – a meeting place for business, politics and government.

The development is fast, and I am convinced that different types of research cooperation will be crucial in order to speed up the transi-tion to a circular economy.

What obstacles do you foresee in the transition towards a circular economy?At times, it becomes very clear that policy and regulations are not in line with reality. The leg-islative framework must be implemented, and which will support the transition to a more circular economy. This can be as simple as definitions and classifications of what is con-sidered waste and what should be classified as a resource.

Another example is a regulatory framework that limits how waste and residues can be transported across borders.

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Do you think that the transition towards a circular economy will change the way in which cars are manufactured?With less cars on the roads rolling more miles, quality requirements will increase. The entire transport industry is facing a technology shift, a transformation that will lead to major chang-es. This shift will entail a demand for new raw materials, which will have significant effect on material supply. The price of commodities is rising, and it will thus become more interest-ing for companies to own their own materials.

I think that the demand for certain commodi-ties will be very significant in the entire sector – and this makes resource-efficient material change even more important. One example is cobalt which is used in battery manufacturing, for which the demand will increase as the use of electric cars rise. By 2025, the request for cobalt is estimated to be between 136,000 and 330,000 tonnes per year. This demand is more than six times higher than today. Recycling will therefore be key. However, the lifetime for batteries is long, meaning that the material will not be available when needed.

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Mistra REES scientific publications

Our researchers have been published in highly ranked journals and in order to reach out to a wide range of readers we have initiated a campaign publishing one-page briefings explaining the main content of our scientific publications� These are for readers who would like to understand concepts such as Circular Economy and Resource Efficiency within an academic framework, but does not have the time nor the previous knowledge to read long scientific publications� You can find the campaign on the Mistra REES website�

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Publications

Publications acknowledging Mistra REESAndré, H�, M� Ljunggren Söderman and A�-M� Till-

man (2016 of Conference)� Circular Economy as a Means to Efficient Use of Scarce Metals? Electro-nics Goes Green 2016, Berlin, Germany, 7-9 Sep-tember�

Bergstrand, H� and C� Jönsson (2017)� Preparing for tomorrow� Exploring design adaptations of a wheel loader for a circular business model� Mas-ter of science thesis, ESA report 2017:2, Chalmers University of Technology�

Brambila-Macias, S� (2018)� Early stages of design-ing resource-efficient offerings : An initial view of their analysis and evaluation� 1801 Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary, Linköping Uni-versity Electronic Press�

Brambila-Macias, S� A�, L� Dahllöf, K� Eriksson and T� Sakao (2017 of Conference)� Development of an environmental evaluation tool in the transport sector and its impact on decision-making in the early stages of design� 8th International Confe-rence on Life Cycle Management, Luxemburg, September 3-6�

Brambila-Macias, S� A�, S� Nilsson, M� Widgren, M� Lin-dahl and T� Sakao (2017)� State of the Art of Design Methods for Resource Efficient and Effective Solu-tions – Report from “Product and Service Design Methods for REES” Project of Mistra REES program, Linköping University� LIU-IEI-RR–17/00264—SE (two reports in one publication): 39 pages�

Brambila-Macias, S� A�, S� Nilsson, M� Widgren, M� Lindahl and T� Sakao (2017)� Support for Desig-ning Resource Efficient and Effective Solutions: Current Use and Requirements by Swedish Indu-stry – Report from “Product and Service Design Support for REES” Project of Mistra REES program� Linköping, Sweden, Linköping University, LIU-IEI-RR--17/00281—SE: 35 pages�

Brambila-Macias, S� A�, T� Sakao and C� Kowalkowski (2016 of Conference)� Interdisciplinary Insights Found for Product/Service System Design� 14th International Design Conference (DESIGN), Dubrovnik, Croatia, May 16-19, The Design Socie-ty�

Brambila-Macias, S� A�, T� Sakao and C� Kowalkowski (2018)� “Bridging the gap between engineering design and marketing: insights for research and practice in product/service system design�” De-sign Science 4: e7�

Böckin, D�, S� Willskytt, A�-M� Tillman and M� Ljung-gren Söderman (2016 of Conference)� What makes solutions within the manufacturing indus-try resource efficient? EcoBalance 2016, October 3-6, Kyoto, Japan�

Carl, D� (2017)� Rethinking the Ecodesign Policy Mix in Europe� Sustainability Through Innovation in Product Life Cycle Design� EcoProduction (Envi-ronmental Issues in Logistics and Manufacturing)� M� Matsumoto, K� Masui, S� Fukushige and S� Kon-doh, Springer, Singapore�

Chen, Z� and Z� Lu (2017)� Life cycle assessment of alternative business models for Volvo trucks� Mas-ter of science thesis, ESA report 2017:1, Chalmers University of Technology�

Dalhammar, C� (2015)� “The Application of ‘life cycle thinking’ in European environmental law: theory and practice�” Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 12(2): 97-127�

Dalhammar, C� (2015)� “The Setting of Progressive Energy Efficiency Performance Standards for Pro-ducts through the Ecodesign Directive�” Nordic Environmental Law Journal 2015(1): 21-41�

Dalhammar, C� (2016)� “Industry attitudes towards ecodesign standards for improved resource effi-ciency�” Journal of Cleaner Production 123: 155-166�

Dalhammar, C� and L� Milios (2016)� Policies for a Circular Economy� Policy Brief, Mistra-Rees Rese-arh program�

Dalhammar, C� and L� Milios (2016)� Policies to sup-port reconditioning and reuse of ICT� 2016 Electro-nics Goes Green 2016+ (EGG), 6-9 Sept� 2016�

Desai A�, Lindahl M� and W� M� (2017)� Actors and System Maps: A Methodology for Developing Product/Service Systems� Sustainability Through Innovation in Product Life Cycle Design� EcoPro-duction (Environmental Issues in Logistics and Manufacturing)� M� Matsumoto, K� Masui, S� Fu-kushige and S� Kondoh, Springer, Singapore�

Fargnoli, M� and T� Sakao (2017)� “Uncovering diffe-rences and similarities among quality function deployment-based methods in Design for X: Benchmarking in different domains�” Quality Engi-neering 29(4): 690-712�

Gabhane, P� and M� Kaddoura (2017)� Remanufac-turing in Circular Economy: A gearbox Example� Master thesis, Chalmers University of Technology�

Hamza, M� and L� Trinh (2017)� Material trends in passenger cars� Towards increased material effi-ciency? Master of science thesis, KTH Industrial Engineering and Management�

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Johansson, H� (2017)� Interdisciplinary Requirement Engineering for Hardware and Software Develop-ment : from a Hardware Development Perspective Master thesis�

Kimita, K�, T� Sakao and Y� Shimomura: (2018)� “A Failure Analysis Method for Highly-Reliable Pro-duct-Service System Design�” Research in Engi-neering Design, Springer 29(2): pp 143–160�

López, A� M�, F� Musonda, T� Sakao and N� Kebir (2017)� “Lessons Learnt from Designing PSS for Base of Pyramid�” Procedia CIRP 61: 623-628�

Maitre‐Ekern, E� and C� Dalhammar (2016)� “Regu-lating Planned Obsolescence: A Review of Legal Approaches to Increase Product Durability and Reparability in Europe�” Review of European, Com-parative & International Environmental Law 25(3): 378-394�

Matschewsky, J�, M� L� Kambanou and T� Sakao (2017)� “Designing and providing integrated pro-duct-service systems – challenges, opportunities and solutions resulting from prescriptive app-roaches in two industrial companies�” Internation-al Journal of Production Research: 1-19�

Neramballi, A�, T� Sakao and J� Gero: (2018 of Confe-rence)� What do experienced practitioners discuss when designing Product/ Service Systems? 8th International Conference on Design Computing and Cognition (DCC’18), Como, Italy, July 2-4�

Nilsson, S� (2017)� How requirements development could support design of effective and resource-ef-ficient offerings� 1789 Licentiate thesis, compre-hensive summary, Linköping University Electronic Press�

Nilsson, S� and M� Lindahl (2016)� “A Literature Re-view to Understand the Requirements Specifica-tion’s Role when Developing Integrated Product Service Offerings�” Procedia CIRP 47: 150-155�

Nussholz, J� (2017 of Conference)� Circular Business Model Framework: Mapping value creation ar-chitectures along the product lifecycle� PLATE conference, 8-10 November, Delft University of Technology�

Nussholz, J� (2017)� “Circular business models: Defi-ning a concept and framing an emerging research field�” Sustainability 9(10): 16 pages�

Päivärinne, S� and M� Lindahl (2016)� “Combining Integrated Product and Service Offerings with In-dustrial Symbiosis – a study of opportunities and challenges�” Journal of Cleaner Production 127: 240-248�

Sakao, T� (2015 of Conference)� Eco-Co-design – Ecodesign with Communication, Cooperation, and Co-creation: A preliminary report� Global Cle-aner Production & Sustainable Consumption Con-ference, Sitges, Barcelona, Spain, 1 - 4 November�

Sakao, T�, W� Song and J� Matschewsky (2017)� “Cre-ating service modules for customising product/service systems by extending DSM�” CIRP Annals 66(1): 21-24�

Shu, L� H�, J� Duflou, C� Herrmann, T� Sakao, Y� Shi-momura, Y� De Bock and J� Srivastava (2017)� “De-sign for reduced resource consumption during the use phase of products�” CIRP Annals 66(2): 635-658�

Song, W� and T� Sakao (2016)� “Service conflict identi-fication and resolution for design of product–ser-vice offerings�” Computers & Industrial Engineer-ing 98: 91-101�

Song, W� and T� Sakao (2017)� “A customization-orien-ted framework for design of sustainable product/service system�” Journal of Cleaner Production 140: 1672-1685�

Song, W� and T� Sakao (2018)� “An environmentally conscious PSS recommendation method based on users’ vague ratings: A rough multi-criteria approach�” Journal of Cleaner Production 172: 1592-1606�

Sun, H�, Y� Liu, T� Sakao and Z� Wang (2016)� Config-uring use-oriented aero-engine overhaul service with multi-objective optimization for environ-mental sustainability�

Whalen, K� A�, L� Milios and J� Nussholz (2017)� “Brid-ging the gap: Barriers and potential for scaling reuse practices in the Swedish ICT sector�” Re-sources, Conservation and Recycling�

Widgren, M� and T� Sakao (2016 of Conference)� Unanswered questions in conceptual design to-wards Circular Economy� The 14th International Design Conference – (DESIGN 2016), Dubrovnik, May 16-19�

Wiesner, S�, S� Nilsson and K�-D� Thoben (2017)� “In-tegrating Requirements Engineering for Diffe-rent Domains in System Development – Lessons Learnt from Industrial SME Cases�” Procedia CIRP 64: 351-356�

Willskytt, S�, D� Böckin, H� André, M� Ljunggren Sö-derman and A� M� Tillman (2016 of Conference)� Framework for analysing resource‐efficient solu-tions� EcoBalance 2016, Kyoto, Japan�, October 3-6�

Zhang, Y�, G� Zhang, T� Qu, Y� Liu and R� Y� Zhong (2017)� “Analytical target cascading for optimal configuration of cloud manufacturing services�” Journal of Cleaner Production 151: 330-343�

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Publications acknowledging a project that co-finances Mistra REESKambanou, M� L� and M� Lindahl (2016)� ”A Literature

Review of Life Cycle Costing in the Product-Ser-vice System Context�” Procedia CIRP 47: 186-191�

Lindahl, M� (2015)� Integrated Product and Servi-ce Offerings – A means to achieve competitive-ness through value-added manufacturing� The World Engineering Conference and Convention (WECC2015)� Kyoto, Japan�

Matschewsky, J� (2016)� What’s in it for the Provider? : A Lifecycle-Focused Approach towards Designing for Value in Product-Service Systems� 1757 Licen-tiate thesis, comprehensive summary, Linköping University Electronic Press�

Matschewsky, J�, T� Sakao, S� Khanagha and S� W� Elfving (2016)� ”What’s in it for the Provider? The Case of a Telecom Vendor’s Value Capturing from the Transition to Product-Service Systems�” Proce-dia CIRP 47: 6-11�

Nussholz, J� and L� Milios (2017)� Adopting circular economy principles in the building sector: An exploration of innovative, front-running business models� SustEcon Conference – The contribution of a sustainable economy to achieving the Sustai-nable Development Goals� Berlin, Germany�

Publications with other funding but relevant to Mistra REESAndersson, M�, M� Ljunggren Söderman and B� A�

Sandén (2017)� ”Lessons from a century of inno-vating car recycling value chains�” Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 25: 142-157�

Andersson, M�, M� Ljunggren Söderman and B� Sandén (2016)� Mapping the content and fates of scarce metals in discarded cars� Life Cycle As-sessment and Other Assessment Tools for Waste Management and Resource Optimization� Cetra-ro, Italy�

Andersson, M�, M� Ljunggren Söderman and B� Sandén (2017)� Refining policies aimed at re-cycling of complex products� 8th International Sustainability Transitions Conference� Gothen-burg, Sweden�

Andersson, M�, M� Ljunggren Söderman and B� A� Sandén (2017)� ”Are scarce metals in cars functio-nally recycled?” Waste Management 60: 407-416�

Antikainen, R�, C� Dalhammar, M� Hildén, J� Judl, T� Jääskeläinen, P� Kautto, S� Koskela, M� Kuisma, D� Lazarevic, I� Mäenpää, J�-P� Ovaska, P� Peck, H� Rodhe, A� Temmes and Å� Thidell (2017)� Renewal of forest based manufacturing towards a sustai-nable circular bioeconomy, Finnish Environment Institute� 13/2017�

Arvidsson, R�, A� M� Tillman, B� A� Sandén, M� Janssen, A� Nordelöf, D� Kushnir and S� Molander (2017)� ”Environmental Assessment of Emerging Tech-nologies: Recommendations for Prospective LCA�” Journal of Industrial Ecology 0(0)�

Dalhammar, C� and C� Leire (2017)� Långsiktiga effek-ter av miljöanpassad upphandling, Konkurrens-verket rapportserie 2017:5, Swedish Competition Authority, Stockholm�

Diener, D� L� (2017)� Scrap happens, but does it have to? : On the potential of increasing machine com-ponent reuse� Göteborg, Chalmers University of Technology�

Diener, D� L� and A�-M� Tillman (2015)� ”Component end-of-life management: Exploring opportuni-ties and related benefits of remanufacturing and functional recycling�” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 102: 80-93�

Diener, D� L� and A�-M� Tillman (2016)� ”Scrapping steel components for recycling—Isn’t that good enough? Seeking improvements in automotive component end-of-life�” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 110: 48-60�

Lindkvist, M�, H� Baumann and M� Ljunggren Sö-derman (2016)� Complementing LCA with quali-tative organizational study for improving waste management governance – illustrated by a com-parative case on metal packaging� Life Cycle As-sessment and Other Assessment Tools for Waste Management and Resource Optimization� Cetra-ro, Italy�

Lozano, F� J�, R� Lozano, P� Freire, C� Jiménez-Gonza-lez, T� Sakao, M� G� Ortiz, A� Trianni, A� Carpenter and T� Viveros (2018)� ”New perspectives for green and sustainable chemistry and engineering: App-roaches from sustainable resource and energy use, management, and transformation�” Journal of Cleaner Production 172: 227-232�

Luth, R�, J�, , C� Dalhammar, R� van Buskirk and B� P� (2017)� Accounting for durability in least life cycle cost methods� ECEEE2017� France�

Marzal López, A� and F� Musonda (2016)� How can we support Product Service system design for renewable technologies in the BoP mar-kets? MSc Thesis, Linköping University, LIU-IEI-TEK-A-16/02494—SE�

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Nilsson, S�, J� Jensen, M� Björkman and E� Sundin (2016)� 11 Rules of Design for Manufacturing when Producing Pre-Impregnated Carbon Fi-ber-Reinforced Plastic Components : an Applica-tion at SAAB Aerostructures�

Nordelöf, A� (2017)� Using life cycle assessment to support the development of electrified road ve-hicles : Component data models, methodology recommendations and technology advice for mi-nimizing environmental impact� Göteborg, Chal-mers University of Technology�

Nordelöf, A�, E� Grunditz, A�-M� Tillman, T� Thiringer and M� Alatalo (2018)� ”A scalable life cycle inven-tory of an electrical automotive traction machi-ne—Part I: design and composition�” The Inter-national Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 23(1): 55-69�

Nordelöf, A� and A�-M� Tillman (2018)� ”A scalable life cycle inventory of an electrical automotive trac-tion machine—Part II: manufacturing processes�” The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 23(2): 295-313�

Tasaki, T�, K� Shobatake, K� Nakajima and C� Dalham-mar (2017)� ”International Survey of the Costs of Assessment for Environmental Product Declara-tions�” Procedia CIRP 61: 727-731�

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Contact Mistra REES

For information about specific projects and research:

Mattias Lindahl, Programme Director for Mistra REES

mattias�lindahl@liu�se

Tel: 013-28 11 08

Anne-Marie TillmanCharacteristics, Conditions, Drivers and Obstacles

anne-marie�tillman@chalmers�se

Tel: 031 772 21 22

Andrius Plepys Business Strategies and Models

andrius�plepys@iiiee�lu�se

Tel: 46 222 02 26

Carl DalhammarPolicies

carl�dalhammar@iiiee�lu�se

Tel: 046 222 02 43

Anna Brunzell, programme coordinator

anna�brunzell@liu�se

Tel: 013-28 17 47

Maria Ljunggren SödermanCharacteristics, Conditions, Drivers and Obstacles

maria�ljunggren@chalmers�se

Tel: 031 772 21 32

Oksana MontBusiness Strategies and Models

oksana�mont@iiiee�lu�se

Tel: 46 222 02 50

Tomohiko Sakao Product Service Design Methods and Interrelations

tomohiko�sakao@liu�se

Tel: 013-28 22 87

Visit our website for updated news and eventswww.mistrarees.se

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MISTRA REES – Resource-Efficient and Effective Solutions based on a circular economy thinking is a 4-year program run by a consortium of leading Swedish universities, large and small companies and community actors�

The vision of the program is to accelerate the transformation of the Swedish manufacturing industry towards a circular and sustainable economy� The program started in 2015�

Mistra REES Linköping University 581 83 Linköping

www.mistrarees.se