Mitigation Activities

in Myanmar: Energy Sector

Regional Workshop on Innovative and Sustainable Energy Technologies for Developing Countries:

Opportunities and Challenges

28-30 May 2014New Delhi, India

Mr. Tain Moe Hlaing

Ms. Nyein Nyein Khine

Environmental Conservation Department

Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry

Myanmar

IntroductionMyanmar is located on mainland

South East Asia comprising a land area of 676,577 square kilometers.

Population of about 60 million in 2012 and 70% of total population living in rural area.

National races: 8 main ethnic groups and over 130 national races

Myanmar Environment Policy

“The objective of Myanmar’s environment policy is….integration of environmental considerations into the development process to enhance the quality of the life of all citizens….Environmental protection should always be the primary objective in seeking development”(1994, NCEA)

To maintain the status of energy independence

To promote wider use of new and renewable sources of energy

To promote energy efficiency and conservation

To promote use of alternative fuels in household

THE ENERGY POLICY

ASEAN Policy is for all ASEAN member countries of utilize 10 % of it’s energy requirements from “ New and Renewable Energy “ sources by 2015.

Source: Energy Planning Department, Ministry of Energy

Energy Sector Policy Framework and Strategy

• Increase electric power and other form of energy supply by developing oil and gas, hydro, renewable energy, etc

• Improve energy efficiency particularly in the industrial sector

• Expand private sector partnership in energy development

• Need for Renewable Energy Development

• Community–based Renewable Energy Resources

• Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement and Conservation

• Market- Based Policies for Private Sector Financing in Energy Sector

• Financing Sources of Energy Sector Development

• Use Natural Gas in the place of petrol and diesel

Environmental Conservation Committee - ECC at National Level has been reformed on 10 March 2014.

Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry (MOECAF)

(1) Petroleum

(2) Electric Power (Hydropower)

(3) Thermal power

(Power transmission and distribution)

(4) Biomass and Fuelwood

(5) Renewable

(1) Petroleum

(2) Electric Power (Hydropower)

(3) Thermal power

(Power transmission and distribution)

(4) Biomass and Fuelwood

(5) Renewable

Ministry of Energy

Ministry of Electric Power

Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry

Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation

Ministry of Science and Technology

Ministry of Energy

Ministry of Electric Power

Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry

Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation

Ministry of Science and Technology

Implementing Agencies for the Renewable Energy Sector

Related Organizations (Non Government)Related Organizations (Non Government)

(1) Myanmar Engineering Society(2) Renewable Energy Association Myanmar

Ministry of Energy is a Focal Point of the Myanmar Energy Sector Cooperations

•National Energy Management Committee

National Level [Head by President Office]

•Energy Development Committee Ministry Level [Headed by Ministry of

Electric Power]

•Renewable Energy Work Committee Ministry Level [Head by Ministry of Science

& Technology]

Institutional Arrangement

GHG Emissions and Removals in Myanmar for the Year 2000, Unit: Giga Gram

Source / SinkCO2

Emission CO2 Removal

Net CO2 Emission

COEmission

(a)

CH4(b)

N2O©

Nox(d)

CO2 Equ. Total

(a+b+c+d)

CO2 Equ.Net

Emission

Energy Sector 7658.65 7658.65 5.62 0.28 204.82 7863.47

Industry Sector 248.59 248.59 463.29 463.29Agriculture Sector 0.81 963.58 8.2706 0.022 22800 22800

Agriculture 0.81 507.23 8.2706 0.022 13216.63

Livestock 456.35 9583.35

Forestry Sector 33656.51 142221.2 -108565 2215.37 144.85 4.26 34.08 6748.22 -101816.48

Waste Sector 134.57 2825.97 2825.97

TOTAL -67863.75

Source: INC Project, NCEA, 2010

Electricity Generation in Myanmar

As shown in this slide, the bulk of electricity being generated in Myanmar is through HYDRO power at 64.7%, followed by natural gas at 20.3%. Electricity generation by using coal and diesel is too minimal 4.7 and 2.2% respectively.

Reduce GHGs emission, Support CC mitigation measures in transportation

sector

Source: Ministry of Energy

BIOMASS ENERGY

Natural forest covers of Myanmar has around 47% of the total land area. (2010, FRA). Out of which 30.5 percent are reserved forests and 69.5 percent are unreserved ones. Wood-fuel plays vital role for cooking and cottage industries in both urban and rural areas.To substitute the fuelwood utilization, DZGD under MOECAF has been distributed:

- 15,000 tons of fuel briquette(used of rice husk) in 2012-2013.

- 478,000 efficient stoves in 2012-2013 Particular Organization

Fuel briquette MOECAF, Co-operatives, Private

Biogasifier MOST, MOAI, MOE, MES, Private

Biofuel MOST, MOAI, MOE, MES

Energy Efficient StovesEnergy Efficient Stoves

Sr,

N0.Type Quantity per year

1 Rice Husks 4,392 x 103 ton/yr.

2 Lumber Waste 1.5 million ton/yr.

3 Bagasse 2,126 x 103 ton/yr.

4 Molasses 240 x 103 ton/yr.

5 Livestock Waste 34,421 x 103 ton/yr.

Biomass Resources in Myanmar

-20% of paddy is husk.(Paddy production: 32.6 million tons in 2010-2011.

-There is 1096 Biomass Gasification for electrical plant in all States and Regions in Dec 2010.(Rice husk and Wood Chips, etc.)

Source: Ministry of Information

As an agriculture-based economy, Myanmar has many cows. A medium-sized animal produces 10 kg of dung per day - enough to produce 0.5 m3 of biogas through anaerobic digester/ bio-gasification. There are two types of biogas plant: plants with a movable gasholder; and plants with built-in, fixed dome gasholder.The Government had launched a program to propagate the biogas utilization since 1980 and in 1983 Biogas Steering Committee have been formed.Typically a village with 100 cows can generate 50 m3 fixed dome type biogas plant.183 biogas digester have been constructed in all States and Regions for electrification.

BIOGAS

Fixed dome type biogas plant

HYDROPOWER

Electricity generation through hydro power stands at the top with the highest percentage of 64.7%, follow by natural gas at 20.3%, coal and diesel is at 4.7 and 2.2 respectively.

Myanmar has a hydropower potential of 108,000 MW but up to 2010 only 1500 MW is utilized from that renewable source and the rest is from natural gas and others with total installed electricity capacity of 3344 MW. This is mostly used for urban areas and industrial zones.

Source: MOEP, 2013

Solar Energy Potential of MyanmarBased on the yearly solar radiation map, solar energy potential of

Myanmar was investigated. Geographical distribution of solar radiation was analyzed and the result is shown in Fig. It was found that 36% of the total area of the country receives annual solar radiation in the range of 18-19 MJ/m2-day, while there are only a few percents of the area with less solar radiation.

(< 15MJ/m2-day). This indicates that most parts of Myanmar receive relatively high solar radiation.

Percentage of the area of Myanmar which receives various ranges of solar radiation

Source : Assessment of Solar Energy Potentials for the Union of Myanmar, Sep, 2009

Projects using Renewable Resources• Demonstration project phase 1 for small and medium scale industries using biomass gasifier

systems for heat application (Mandalay ,2003)• Demonstration project phase II for Power Supply by using biomass gasifier systems

(Mandalay,2007)• Rural Electrification with Minihydro Power Plant (Ma Mya Dam) by irrigation water,

Ayeyarwaddy Division(48 KW)

• Rice Husks Gasifier Project in Dagoondaing Village,Yangon Region (50 KW)

• Rehabilitation of Auk Pyun Wa Village by Solar System, Ayeyarwaddy Division

Solar Lighting system - 85 Wp Suntech Solar Pannel (20 Nos.)

- Eco Lamp LED Lantern (160 Nos.)

Solar Water Pumping - LORENTZ Solar water pump (3 Nos.)

System - 60 Wp Suntech Solar Pannel (6 Nos.)

Source: Myanmar Engineering Society

Challenges

• Lack of Climate Change Policy, Framework• Weakness of coordination mechanism among the lined

Ministries due to limited capacity and institutional structure.

• Limited knowledge, research and resources to support investment in renewable energy sector

• Lack of understanding and awareness on renewable energy strategy and limited practices and operations of renewable energy sectors

• Lack of innovative renewable energy technology• Financial insufficiency

Thank you