Mitosis and Cell Replication
Human Chromosomes After Duplication
Human Chromosomes• Each pair contains the same genes (although there can be
slightly differences we’ll get into later).
• One comes from the Mother and one from the Father.
• Only one chromosome has a difference – the X/YChromosomes that determine the sex of the offspring.
XX = female and XY = male
Each chromosome has a different set of genes on it and some are much bigger than others.
• Notice that the Y chromosome is much smaller than the X chromosome.
Mitosis and Cell Division
• Mitosis is the process by which chromosomes replicate and then separate to allow for cell division.
Importance of Cell Division
• Ability to grow new tissues or repair damage requires adding new cells.
Phases of Mitosis
Interphase
• Just chillin’
• 90% of a cell’s life is in interphase. It is just doing its normal functions.
• DNA Replication occurs during this time.
Prophase
• Chromosomes are beginning to become aligned
Prophase
Metaphase
• Chromosomes are lining up along the equator
Metaphase
Anaphase• The chromosomes begin
to be pulled apart
Anaphase
Telophase• Chromosomes are reorganized
in advance of cell division
Telophase
Cytokinesis
• The separation of the two cells after division
Cytokinesis here
Cells at various stages of replication
Process of Mitosis
Asexual Reproduction
• Some species can reproduce by cloning themselves using mitosis.
• Asexual reproduction occurs when one individual reproduces with offspring that contain identical DNA to its parent.
Forms of Asexual Reproduction
• Examples include;
• Binary Fission
• Budding
• Fragmentation
Budding
Binary FissionFragmentation
Some Examples of Asexual Reproduction