Chromosome Structure

Chromosome Number

Prokaryotic Cell Division

Eukaryotic Cell Division

Cell Cycle

Cytokinesis

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This molecule makes up Chromosomes

What is DNA?

Eukaryotic DNA coils around these proteins

What are Histones?

Six billion pairs of these make up DNA

What are nucleotides?

Control activity of specific areas of DNA

What are Nonhistone proteins?

Identical halves of a chromosome

What are sister chromatids?

Chromosome number found in human somatic cells

What is 46?

Last two possible chromosomes on a karyotype

What is XX or XY (sex chromosomes)?

Human egg and sperm with only 23 chromosomes have this chromosome number

What is 1n or haploid?

All the chromosomes in an organism except X and Y

What are autosomes?

Number of copies of each autosome found in the body cell of an organism

What is two?

Example of a common prokaryote

What are bacteria?

Characteristic that groups all Prokaryotes together

What is no nucleus & no membrane-bound organelles?

Type of reproduction used by bacteria

What is asexual?

Division of prokaryotic cells is called this

What is binary fission?

Comparison of daughter cells formed when a bacterial cell divides

What is identical?

Organelle in eukaryotes where DNA is found

What is the nucleus?

Division of body cells is called this

What is mitosis?

Cell division that occurs in the ovaries & testes

What is Meiosis?

Most common type of reproduction used by unicellular eukaryotes

What is mitosis?

Fastest method of reproduction in eukaryotes

What is mitosis?

The longest phase of the cell cycle

What is interphase?

Shortest phase of the cell cycle

What is cytokinesis?

Phase of the cell cycle in which the nucleus divides

What is mitosis?

Phase of the cell cycle when DNA is copied

What is the S phase?

Phase where cells exit the cell cycle and dont divide or copy DNA

What is the Go phase?

This part of a cell undergoes division

What is cytokinesis?

Cytokinesis begins during this mitotic stage

What is telophase?

This forms and divides animal cells

What is a cleavage furrow?

This forms and divides plant cells

What is a cell plate?

The amount of organelles a cell has immediately following cytokinesis

What is one-half?

Mitotic Spindle

Division of Body Cells

Prefixes and Suffixes

Meiosis I

Meiosis II

Gametogenesis

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Mitotic phase in which the spindle begins to form

What is prophase?

Pair of cylindrical bodies in animal cells that forms the spindle

What are centrioles?

Spindle fibers are made of these structures found in the cytoplasm

What are microtubules?

Spindle fibers that attach to the centromere of a chromosome pair

What are kinetochore fibers?

Spindle fibers that extend completely across a dividing cell

What are polar fibers?

Another name for body cells

What are somatic cells?

Chromosome number found in human body cells

What is 46 or 2n?

Type of reproduction used by body cells

What is asexual?

Two examples of cells in humans that arent called body cells

What are eggs & sperm?

Type of cell in the body that does not undergo cell division

What are nerve cells?

Prefix meaning two

What is di-?

Suffix meaning cell

What is cyte?

Prefix meaning middle

What is meta-?

Prefix meaning the same

What is homo-?

Prefix meaning egg

What is oo-?

Phase in which DNA coils into chromosomes

What is Prophase I?

Two structures that disassemble at the beginning of Meiosis I

What is the nucleolus & nuclear envelope?

The pairing of homologous chromosomes

What is synapsis?

Number of chromosomes in a tetrad

What is four?

Exchange of genes that occurs during Meiosis I

What is crossing-over?

This process occurs before Meiosis I, but Not before Meiosis II

What is copying DNA?

Spindle fibers reform in this phase

What is Prophase II?

Chromosomes are found here during Metaphase I

What is the equator?

Organs in which Meiosis occurs

What are the testes and ovaries?

Chromosome number of cells at the end of Meiosis II

What is 1n or haploid?

Another name for reproductive cells such as the egg & sperm

What are gametes?

Production of sperm cells

What is spermatogenesis?

Number of sperm cells formed during Gametogenesis

What is four?

These small cells degenerate during oogenesis

What are polar bodies?

Chromosome number found in a human spermatid

What is 1n = 23?

Chromosomes with identical size, shape, & traits, but different alleles

What are Homologs?