Mixed Economy Economic decisions are shared by the govt & the people

Market EconomyEconomic decisions

are made by individuals or the

open market.

Laissez-faireHands off—no govt

intervention in business

Tariff

Tax on imports

Traditional economyEcon. decisions made

by customs, religion, & other ideas handed down generation to

generation.

Command economyEconomic decisions

are made by the government

tradeA purchase or sale

made with or without money

importGoods coming into a

country(In=Import)

ExportGoods going out of a

country(Exit=Export)

Embargo/BlockadeGovt restiction of

business/trade

ConstitutionThe United States’

Supreme Law of the Land

Legislative BranchBranch that makes

the laws (Congress= Senate +

House of Rep)

Executive BranchBranch that enforces

the law(Pres, military, law

enforcement)

Judicial branch Branch that interprets

the laws, makes sure they abide by the Constitution

(Supreme Court)

Checks & BalancesSystem put into place

to make sure the 3 branches of govt do no become too powerful

Amend 1Freedom of press, speech, petition,

assembly, & religion

libelPrinting things that

are lies is not freedom of the

presss

slanderSaying things that

you know are lies is not freedom of

speech

Amend 13Abolishing

slavery

Amend 14Everyone born in the US or naturalized are citizens; due process

of law

Amend 15African Amer. men

are given the right to vote

Amend 16Congress can

order/collect income tax

Amend 17Direct election of

senators

Amend 18Prohibition

Amend 19Women’s right to

vote

Amend 24Poll taxes

are banned

Amend 26Lowered the voting age to 18 (from 21)

Enlightenment17th century intellectual movement that worked to limit the power of the

govt & church

John LockeBeliever in natural rights: life, liberty,

property (now pursuit of happiness in our

constitution)

MontesquieuBelieved in the

separation of powers (3 branches of govt)

VoltaireFreedom

of speech

Absolute MonarchyForm of govt in

which the king/queen has all of

the power

Presidential Democracy

Form of govt in which people vote for most things, including the

leader

DictatorshipForm of govt in which

the leader usually takes over by military force &

has all the power

Parliamentary Democracy

Form of govt in which people vote for the leg.

body, which in turn selects the prime minister

Constitutional Monarchy

Form of govt in which the king/queen’s power is limited by written law

TheocracyForm of govt ruled by

religious leaders

AbsolutismHaving complete &

unrestricted power in govt (monarch)

Divine RightA ruler’s belief that God gave them the right to have power

over a country

OligarchyGovt in which a few

people have all of the power

PopulistsReform group that

represented the farmers

ProgressivesReform group that tried to end child

labor & limit power of big businesses

ImmigrationMoving into a new a new country to settle

(i=in)

EmigrationMoving out of a

country to settle in another(e=exit)

Industrial RevolutionChange in the way things were made; made in factories

instead of by hand

Assembly LineAllows mass

production, and prices to fall as

supply increases

slumsTenements; extreme poor living conditions

caused by rapid urbanization

MonopolyWhen one company

completely dominates an

industry

urbanizationPeople moved from

rural areas to cities in order to be closer to

factories

Labor UnionsCreated in response to

horrible working conditions; fought for better pay & working

conditions

NAACPGroup fighting for African American

rights

suffrageThe right to vote

cooperativeGroup that pools

members resources to sell products directly to

markets & buy goods at wholesale prices

subsidyGovt payment made

to farmers

KickbackPayments of part of the earnings of a job

(not always legal!)

graftAcquisition of money or political power through

illegal/dishonest methods

reparationsHigh payments

Germany had to make bc it lost WWI

League of NationsPeace keeping

organization after WWI that was unsuccessful

imperialismOne country taking

over another to gain power

White Man’s BurdenIdea that white man

must “civilize” undeveloped nations

Open Door PolicyPolicy of equal trading rights for all countries

within China; proposed by US, not China

nationalismStrong love &

devotion for ones country

militarismCompetition of

creating the most powerful combat

group

alliancesCountries making

agreements to assist each other in times

of need

isolationismThe US stance on foreign

policy after WWI—if a conflict didn’t involve us, we were staying out of it

4 Causes of WWIMilitarismAlliances

ImperialismNationalism

Fourteen PointsWilson’s plan for

peace following WWI

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty to end WWI—very harsh towards

Germany

Harlem RenaissanceA literary & artistic

movement in the 1920s in which African Amer.

Brought their culture to the north

Great MigrationMovement of African American from South

to north for jobs

Red Scare Fear of communism in the US during the

1920s

Great Depression*Stock market crash

*bank failure*overproduction

*overspending/debt*High unemployment

New DealPrograms/policies set

up in 1930s by FDR to help social reform & economic recovery

NATOAlliance of

democratic nations following WWII

Warsaw PactAlliance of communist

dictatorships following WWII

IsraelNew nation created

for Jews fleeing Europe during WWII

Pearl HarborUS naval base that was attacked which

led to the US involvement in WWII

United NationsPeace keeping

organization created after WWII. The US

joined this organization.

HolocaustHitler’s mass

extermination of Jews & other undesirables

AppeasementGiving into Hitler’s

demands in hopes that he would be satisfied

& prevent a war

SocialismEconomic system where the govt or workers own

most of the factories, utilitites, transportation,

& communication systems

Axis/Central PowersMilitary alliance

between Germany & Italy during WWII,

later joined by Japan

Allied PowersAlliance between

Great Britain & France in WWII, later joined by US & Soviet Union

Internment CampCamps where

Japanese-Americans were relocated

forcibly during WWII

Atomic bombsMassive bomb created by

the Manhattan Project, dropped on Hiroshima &

Nagasaki, Japan that led to the end of WWII

Baby BoomersLarge increase in

birthrate following WWII (as many soldiers come home from war)

Marshall PlanThe US plan to offer European countries

financial assistance to set up democracies

Korean/Vietnam Wars2 Cold War wars in which

the North was Communist, and the US helped the democratic

south

Truman DoctrineThe US pledge to

fight the spread of communism at all

cost

Cold WarBattle between the

US & the USSR between democracy

& communism

CommunismDuring the Cold War, the Soviet

Union wanted new countries to set up this type of govt.—govt that collectively owns

property & runs industry (no individual ownership)

Space RaceBattle between the

US & the Soviet Union to put a man in space;

sign of superiority

Domino EffectThe fear that if Vietnam fell to communism, so would all surrounding

countries

containmentThe US policy of preventing the

spread of communism

McCarthyismFear of communism in the US

following WWII—Senator Joseph McCarthy caused hysteria by

proclaiming to know of MANY govt officials with communist ties, but

never offered any evidence (ruined many people’s lives!)

Berlin WallA guarded concrete wall put up by the Soviet Union in 1961, to separate communist East Berlin from democratically controlled (US/GB/Fr) West Berlin—was

brought down in 1989

Berlin AirliftThe US response to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin—airlifted TONS of supplies into the region

Iron CurtainBarrier established

between Soviet Union and Western Europe

from 1945-1990

Cuban Missile CrisisSoviet Union installed

nuclear missiles on Cuba, aimed at the US—war is

avoided when the Soviets finally back down & remove

them

Plessy Vs. FergusonSeparate but equal is

OK

Brown vs Bd of EducSeparate but equal

isn’t equal-- integrated the

schools

Jim Crow LawsState law in the

south that legalized segregation

Univ. of Cal vs BakkeDiversity in schools is

good but racial quotas may not be

used

Civil DisobedienceLegal form of protest to bring about govt

change(example: boycott)

Conscientious Objector

Refusal to serve in military for

religious/moral reasons

Primary sourcedocument written by sources that were present during an

experience or time period and offer an inside view of a

particular event(ex: diary, letter, autobiography)

Secondary SourcesInterpreted & analyzed sources--one or more steps removed from the event. Secondary sources may have pictures, quotes or graphics

of primary sources in them(ex: biography, text book)