A. Element

B.

Compoun

d

C. Mixture

1. Two or more substances that are not chemically combined, can be separated by physical means.

2. The simplest pure substance, found on the periodic table

3. Two or more elements combine, can be separated by chemical means.

A.

Centrifuge

B.

Distillation

C. Magnet

1.Sugar dissolved in water

2. Powdered iron mixed with powdered sulfur.

3. Blood plasma from red blood cells

Mixtures Two or more substances that are not chemically

combined and can be separated by physical means. (notes)

The substances in a mixture retain their individual properties and mixtures do not have a definite ratio. (notes)

There are two types of mixtures:Homogeneous Heterogeneous (We will talk in more detail about these tomorrow)

Solutions are Homogenous mixtures: (notes)

Solutions do not scatter light, light is able to pass through them. (notes)

Solutions are made of very small particles that do not settle out over time. (notes)

Solutions are composed of a SOLUTE and SOLVENT.

Solute + Solvent = Solution (notes)

Solute is the substance being dissolved (notes)

Solvent is the substance that dissolves the solute. (notes)

The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute that is dissolved into a solvent. (notes)

The more solute is dissolved, the higher the concentration.

Salt is poured into a pot of boiling water.1. Name the Solvent

2.Name the Solute

Nail polish and polish removerName the soluteName the solvent

Which one is the solute?

Which is the solvent?

Lithium chloride (LiCl) and H20

Water is the universal solvent!

Three ways to make a solute dissolve faster (notes):

1.Heat it

2.Stir it

3.Crush it

Homogenous Mixtures:Solutions (notes)

Unsaturated

More solute can be added to the solution

and would still dissolve

Saturated

Have the maximum amount of

soluteNo more solute

can be made to dissolve.

Super saturated

Have more than the maximum

Extra solute will settle at the

bottom, it will not dissolve.

Homogenous A mixture that appears to be the same

throughout. (notes)

The particles in a homogenous mixture are very small and not easily seen. (notes)

Examples: Saltwater, Iced Tea

Heterogeneous MixturesA mixture that is NOT the same throughout

It is made of two or more substances that are not spread out evenly. (notes)

Particles are large enough to be seen and to be separated from the mixture. (notes)

Examples: Sand and pebblesOil and waterPowdered iron and powdered sulfur

Heterogeneous MixturesSuspensions:

have larger particles that can be seen clearly (notes)

Particles are suspended in the solution, they do not settle out. (notes)

Examples: (notes)

Italian Salad dressingSnow Globe Muddy water

Suspensions are separated by filtering. (notes)

ColloidsHave properties of both solutions and

suspensions (notes)

Particles are dispersed throughout but are not heavy enough to settle out. (notes)

Particles are medium in size. (notes)

Colloids scatter light (notes)

The particles are constantly colliding, and this allows a

colloid to scatter light – thus colloids often seem cloudy.

Examples:

Toothpaste, milk, whipped cream