MLR 82 1 -- -------------
EFFECT OF DENSITY ON MARSHALL STABILITY OF HOT-MIX ASPHALTIC CONCRETE
BY JOHN ROLAND PHYSICAL TESTS ENGINEER
MAY 1982
TESTING PERFORMED IN THE MATERIALS LABORATORY _ OF THE
IOWA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
I l
OBJECTIVE
Effect of Density On Marshall Stability Of Hot-Mix Asphaltic Concrete
The Iowa D.O.T. specifications do not require 100 percent
of 50 blow .Marshall density (generally 94%) for field compac-
tion. However, stabilities are determined in the Laboratory
on specimens compacted to 100 percent of Marshall density.
The purpose of this study is to determine the stabilities of
specimens compacted to various densities which are below 100
percent of the 50 blow Marshall density.
MATERIALS
Ten different asphaltic concrete mixes were tested in
this investigation. Four of these were proportioned and mixed
in the Laboratory from aggregate and asphalt cement currently
in stock. The remaining six mixes were the retained excess
materials from field samples. Each mix contained different
aggregates and gradations, but all complied with our specified
particle size distribution and asphalt content. Different
sources and penetrations of asphalt cement were used but the
only grade was AC-10
PROCEDURE
By varying the number of blows, five different compactive
efforts were made on the specimens. After some exploratory work,
it was found that 50, 32, 18, 12 and 7 blows to each side of
the specimens would result in the range of densities that was
desired (93 to 100% of Marshall density). The 50 blows resulted,
of course, in 100 percent of the Marshall densities; and the
densities obtained by each of the lesser compactive efforts
were computed as a percent of this figure.
Three specimens were required for each compactive effort
resulting in 15 specimens from each mix or a total of 150
specimens molded and tested from the ten mixes. The specimens
were all molded at 275°F. Standard Marshall compaction equip
ment and procedures were used, and also standard density and
stability equipment and procedures were employed.
REPORT
The various stabilities that were obtained at the different
densities were tabulated (Appendix A) . Each is an average of
three determinations. The densities were computed as a per
centage of the 50 blow Marshall density. The stabilities were
computed as a percentage of the stability obtained from the
50 blow Marshall specimens. These percentages of density were
plotted against the percentages of stability in the graph.
Appendix B includes the work tickets showing the individual
results of each specimen tested as well as the averages. It
also includes the flow results of each specimen, the penetration
of the asphalt cement used in each mix, and the proportions of
aggregates and the asphalt cement contents of the mixes made
in the Laboratory. It does not include an aggregate gradation
of the individual mixes·, but this can readily be obtained by
referring to the test report identified by the Laboratory
number.
Appendix C is composed of copies of the actual print-
out from the stability apparatus, showing graphically the
changes in stabilities and flows .corresponding to the changes
in densities. The mix numbers and the number of blows for
each compactive effort are shown at: the top of each sheet.
CONCLUSIONS
The conclusion that can be drawn, and which is readily
apparent, from this investigation is that the stability of
a hot mix decreases dramatically with a slight decrease in
the density. When a density was obtained which was 94 percent
of the 50 blow Marshall. density (the minimum generally
specified in D.O.T. specifications) then the stabilities of
all ten mixes tested were below 43 percent of the Marshall
stability obtained on specimens compacted to 50 blow Marshall
density. Excluding one mix, this percentage drops to less
than 35 percent.
The graph of the stabilities versus densities shows the
following:
Percent Marshall Density Percent Marshall Stability
99 all ten mixes< 90 98 " " " < 75 97 " " " < 61 96 " " " < 56, 9 mixes< 51 95 " " " < 50, " " <42 94 " " " < 43, " " <;35
The same graph shows that to obtain 75 percent of 50 blow
Marshall stability a density greater than 98 percent was re
quired for all ten mixes. To obtain 50 percent of 50 blow
Marshall stability then a density equal to or greater than 96
percent was required for nine of the ten mixes tested.
The mixes tested had a range of 1282 to 3048 pound_ 50
blow Marshall stabilities, so they-were all within the normal
testing range of mixes used in construction.
It was also surprising that only seven blows to each side
of the specimens resulted in a density average of 94.5 percent
of the 50 blow densities for the-ten mixes.
Stability testing is normally performed on specimens
compacted to 100 percent of Marshall densities and not at
the lesser densities obtained by field compaction, When a field
mix is compacted to the minimum of 94 percent of Marshall
density, most of the stability that was designed into the mix
has been lost.
If the stability of a hot mix is important in the
functioning of the finished roadway, then it adds emphasis to
the necessity of keeping the densities as high as possible.
·~
,,.·ii
• A Will
<lo
"'"'1 --- .. _,.,..... ;_,
::!- :- i~ :::: ~-~i~ 1 :~T~-~: ;: :;-, ;_ ~::· ·:--::::·;
:.; -=-':i·i-'·
-·'-
--.. -----~·--~ ---·,o ·- ·-·-·-·-·--
EFFECT OF DENSITY ON MARSHALL STABILITY % OF
ABDl..:.97---·---- - --- 2.291 -100::·---
"·-·-=-.=~-c~~.-.. =c--=-- :::::c::2:.:.2~6_6-:·_=:·-- -,,:_; : ----93c-;··9~·-~- ·
"
"
"
ABDl-168
"
AilCl-444
---- .-------if---,----
"
"
"
l\BDl-152
"
"
"
"
ABDl-145
"
"
"
"
2.236
2.204
2 ._17 5
2.425
2.385
2.335
2-346
2-301
2.260
2.336
2.307
2.276
2.242
2.219
2,337
2,305
2.265
2.223
2.187
97. 6 .
96.2
94. 9,
100
98.4
96.3
98.4
96.5
94.8
100
98.8
97.4
96.0
95.0
100
98.6
96.9
95.1
93.6
% OF
1,338 82.7
813 50.3
Ei08 37.6
413 25.5
2,073 100
1,410 6 8. 0
757
450 21. 7
----c---g-4·;·2··- ------
1,375 67.6
1,003 49.3
760 37.4
1,775 100
1,500 - 84. 5
1,042 58.7
848 47.8
667 37.6
2,493 100
1,860 74.6
1, 28 3 51. 5
878 35.2
647 26.0
32
18
12
7
50
32
7
18
12
7
50
32
18
12
7
50
32
18
12
7
EFFECT OF DENSITY ON MARSHALL STABILITY % OF
·'~!JcEN~I:!'f'cY'.--~'=--=-~----:i;, · % OF
.~~1=:J::.:1C!c~ :::::::\::::~~:::~:83=====\==~VQ::::===il=:::::t?:!!==::==l-······· · ~··· ·1•17e-· ~~=··! •~······ .. ····SA······················•·· ---., . II 2422.... . .... -··=·-8.7. ..•. 0 ... ~-····~····· '"'····-· 32_.
"
"
442
"
2.315
2 ... 282
2.221
2.319
2.292
2. 276
97.1 l,G90
95 .• 8 l,·515
93.2 1,042
100 1,282
98.8 1,103
!·········.·.··
447 2,390 100 ··3,048 .. -- --- --------·--·- -·----·-·-·=---C-........ --=---:::=-.:::-=-::_ ;;;::;;=~·---·-----------
_______ IL ______ _ · 2;-362 ··-···- -·-- ·98·.-8---'-- -·-2.,A.7.3 ..
" 2-323 97.2 1,903
" 2. 28 7 9 5. 7 1,432
" 2 .• 2 54 94.3 1,110
448 2 .. 302 100 2,575
" 2.274 98.8 2,172
" 2.228 96.8 1,442
" 2-187 95.0 1,013
" 2.160 93.8 753
449 2.287 100 1,530
" 2.274 99.4 1,187
" 2.242 98.0 754
" 2.212 96.7 540
" 2.193 95.9 453
----·- ----
60.7.
54.4
37..4
100
86.0
.4.4 .1
100
81.1
62.4
47.0
36.4
100
84.3
56.0
39.3
29.2
100
77.6
49.3
35.3
29.6
18
12
7.
50
32
7.
50
32
18
12
7
50
32
18
12
7
50
32
18
12
7
.•
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.
·.···· .. ·····.• ·· .. · ....
. "-atch Wt ANN. Pen. Asphalt .- - - --
Lab No. AsPh.
.. ·······Batch wt Asnh · Date Tested ., , '2. 2.. - l!"L.
s~ecific Gra vi tv Determination lit. in Air 1212.5 12./:Z.. 0 121 «' //87.S //88. 0 I/ 9o.C> wet Weiqht / 2./ 2. • 5' IZ.J2 .o 12-/'f.0 u 6'7S )JI)'!:.§" Jf"!O ,5" i.lt. in Water 7o3.S 7 0~,0 7 <>S: s 686.5 ,2,S: / • ...:;- J:..,27,.?
Difference !Joc;.o :.;,-vq.r· 5i:J 15.S ;;·ei J ,0 s-01.0 S-cJ:>, ~
SP. Gravitv Z.382..- z.3'3/ 2,38 7 2-370 2.371 2.;.L,~
Averaqe ;;?, 3 ;?3 2. 3 bi?
/b 0 ?,;'.
Marshall Stabilitv JO ad - Lbs .• Z,')?5 ) '7 2-f ..,,_? ,).;,. ?..-lf2 .,- "'2.. <.f 1ro :; V:cc:i Flow 0.01 In. / () I/ fl ~) /.!> ..)"'..:.::>
tlveraqe Load 2-7 8'!1 II 2 '-f (,.<,. / (,)
. ip. Gravity I Bulk s.s.o. I s.s.D.
bsorption
l\b•olute I H.R.B. I , ..
wt. A.C. Start
~ wt. A.C. Read. wt. A.C. Left
-.... : ... ----:-_
.
//65,6 /lhl/.S llb1. D !/& 3 0 /J/,?'5'".5" )161.s-
06/,.:> 662~5 ,~~-59.S
§'O 2,,-,D !> tJ 3, ~' .;;-o 2.,0
z.:;;; 17 2-31 S' 2-3/3 2,31 s-
)(;•·1' /(/ '7 > /'77...0 lo I'- 12,.
/lP"iO IJ
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I
Project No . ...,l.P<-~.P:.-=--'--"'"""-£...J..W..~Project No.
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Pen.Asbhalt . . ·. .
..... Date Tested ......
.
.. Sneci l.C Gra vi tv Determination , wt. in Air /J'/5.S. /IYS.S l/y;, 5' //22, s -;121.0 /IZ/•t>'
rwet Weiqht /) '//, 0 11 /f(p .'7 ) i 'fZ..s- ) 12. 'f ,,,. )/Z.7 .5 /) z 3, b
wt. in Water /, </ .?• -~ 0'fl.. 0 (,, 'f 1.0 /;>/ i.5 /pl '1, .?' 6) ") •. ~
Difference S' cf .2.. • !; =:roo ,5 ,-01.s- §'"O&>.o !}f'o 5".0 So 3 .. 5' St>• Gravitv 2. 2 1? 0 2.2.8'9 .?.2 7&., 2218 2 .2 2. 0 2.22.,t,
lweraqe 2. Z8 Z. 2.2z I
Marshall St ab'l' l. itv JO ad - Lbs. J~"? Y J$'?t7 Jfd·7 ;,::J .:J,:J ,,I (J ;?,- fi" II Oc)
Flow 0.01 In. I'!> /) /.~ 1r /(,, le" '<veraae Load !~15 I~ lti<l-'Z- /(J?>
I Bulk s.s.o. I iP· Gravity s.s;o.
bsorption
Ab•olute I H.R.B. I . ...
Nt. A.C·. Start b ~ wt. A.C. Read. wt. A.C. Left
. . .
.
.
I
..
-·~--:·---
----- -::
.
natch Wt p..~~.
Pen. Asnhalt Lab No. Asnh. Yo Asnhalt Batcfi \'lrl\SPFi Date Tested
"'t. in Air Wet Weiaht Mt, in Water Difference Sn, Gravitv Averarre
iP· Gravity bsorption
.
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. .
. . .·
.AC~l'P ,~ .. au
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l-i. '3 I
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S"'ecific Gra vitv Determination 1153. 0 115~/ ,5 1/5~3 .. 5 /IC:~ (:i /I.SI· S /1s··::;.:~;
(__:,-\.) CJ 0,/..f9, D (,· , '
l!(,J/ 5 11&//5> II LlJ. 5 //69..5 ?62,5 6C. I 5
<.'." () ~:'. • ,_'': Se> 3. o· 2.320 2.3;5
Z.3J""
s. s ;D.
Absolute '
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:;;_;· 6 .,::j 0 .::~ ,)
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2.z92 2. 2 q ·z. 2 . .Z•? .. ? 2.z.a2_
11 O?;
I Bulk s.s.o. ,
I H.R.B. I Wt, A.C. Start
I· "'t. A.C. Rend, Wt• A.C. Left
· .. . ..
.
.
.
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II Z 7, .5 I 13 '2. C> / ;3 9;.o //.2 74.:!5 I/ 1 R. -:·,' /138.0 &,,30,C. 6 3 .,
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98./,::;;
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t:.::"~"Sf'2== :;:'C'':••=::::c:::==::':'''~==••:•::::•co•~::::: ::=. ::::'• •::'::• C'c=: .:::•:::cci£c•••S%"'.c :::::~ .C:::'':"':''S:::::::::=:''' :·: :::"'''C_·c'':CC!'~ ' ·-----··---.. ·---------
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.
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•Ch·WL uu. .. ··.·
· · · Pen; Asnha·lt ' ~ ... "'~~ ··· ··· Lab No. Asnh.
.....
. .. . . Yo Asnhalt -· -· ··-··-····-
Snecific Gra 'tv Determination .
!.it. in Air II?/ '5 //2 ~ =~ 1/22. t' //110 //()9,0 //M? 5 Wet Weinht 112>-.o 112'-1·0 /)..2.z.,5 1112.:. ///{),() /ID').···· !.lt. in Water t,Pc") GZ 7. o 6ZSD {;,IS, C ,?IZ.5 b!Z.o Difference "q ..,_ ;') '}97.0 '19 7,5 L/f /~ () .f/A)/',:3)' '/://', ,) Sn. Gravitv 2.25.., 2-26/ 2.2.55 2.235 2.229 2.z 3 o Averaae 2.2.s.g 2-231
97,3 % 96.2- /o Marshall.,...:::...:::====-=:::=~--:~~--.
~~~:;:._;~.=_,,~-J-ie-.~o::'._j__JJC~~~O::'._j_l.!'''-L!O~· 10 q
I Abeolute j H.R.B. I tat. A.C. Start
I · tr.rt. A.C. Rend. IWt. A.C. Left. •
-------·-~· -·-------·--·--··-"'
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EC • :: H • ••••••••• B4-1Pl1M-I-fil).\JS WG1*-=SHBT . .. . ·····~
.... _ "'''"""'""---'""---''- """'""'""'" '""-"'"'
-.-";" """ Ii~----- · · y.:--Aq'qrecrate ·.l\aa.: LaD' •. No: :rnaivi. wt. Act<:r •. como·:•w·t: l\.cra •.... St>. Gr, .. weiaht
-- - ---., \"•,"
<- -------·--·•/,"--·"·-- --- '•''''
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'
'
'
'
'
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- _- ---- - -- --- -~--:--:"."' ··· ···J3.atch·Wt·As19h · ·-· 1-·_-... ~ .. ·-····-····-·-······-·-···-· ----·=;;;:i-ll=========:::::.:::J ---~-·.::D:.:;a::..:t::..:e:..._T:.ce=s.::t.::e.::d:...-...1-J:2.:...-;...'2.-~..._"---------' t..-....._--~~~~~=-i~-~=========J
S"O S~ecif l.C Gra vi tv Determination
llt. in Air 12--~t> 1207. C> !Zo6.6 //92.,o" //92 5' /193,S /18'ci.' //7<6';5 /179,0
Net Weiqht 12-o ;>,...s /Z~'l,<J /206 .5 /I •";!'2-.0 // '73. e;; //.93.5 118/,0 117,f,,.s;' 1179, .,-
llt. in Water 704.b 7c>5 D ?oZ.., z:, 61? 7. $ 6 5i7 .5 688'.S k, 7 3 ,5 670,D 67/,.S Difference Sos,5 so~, CJ So 7: 5' c" I./, "'' r;' 0 s: .::7 ;::;·o 5, 0 so -,1.S .',;c~ 5' Co8'.r:::>
St>. Gravitv z, 3'7 Z .2-3 &'9' 2.3 '90 2-363 2, 3 5'1 2-3&-3 2; 3 2 &,, 2,3z 3 2,3z I
Averaqe 2-3"/0 Z, 3G,Z, Z-32. 3
1~0 % c;B.8 % 97- 2.. %
-oad - Lbs. ? I 2..& ~o'?:r z_ c;_s-o. zooo /8 0() /9/CI
Flow 0.01 In. /0 I/ /0 /z.. )} I 3J ~veraae Load ''?O"f-'f /o /'7&3 12
'
/t>t'J % '!/,I /;;
Bulk s.s.o. I s.s.D.
bsorption ''
Ab11olute H.R.B.
' '. flt. A.C. Start
F= I tJt. A.c. Read. tJt • A.C. Left
,
- - -1---
.
·__ -~---- -. . . . . .
. . . · i.:-;.. __ _;..;.._..,..j. __ ;.._;..=···········=········;...·;.. ·=······ •-t-=---,-~~~=-----===~===i=:=·=· =···::;~::.;.....;;~~..+.-------==---=~==~--l
0 atch Wt A""· .... P en .• J.s.n,J::tal.t.
'---'..~···f.iab No;·ksnh. Yo Asnhalt Batch Wt Asnh
·Date Tested
. ·.· .
. •..... - - - ., - --
- ·--- -- - --- ------ ----- .. _._._ ---- ·:· --- ---
.
. .... .. ---- ------ ------ ---- - ---- -- - ..
Snecific Gra vi tv Determination Wt. in Air //0Z:. ,.> f// 't'.S 1/(,3.o 11'-"!i'.o I I Lj.fj'. 5 11¥5.o Wet Weiaht ;/t,L/.o· 1/65"·'.i !/C.'(.5 !ISO.$ , f ~I ·6 /f'f7· u wt. in Water b st:,,_;- (,5$. s fo5G. o {,tf/, 0 t.•f 3 0 6"J7.5 Difference 60 7 . .j~ 7/0·() 505!.s 5'o9 5" 50 S' Cl '°'" q
c; Sn• Gravitv 2,Z"J / Z·Z=3 2-287 2.25 3 2.2,;,1 2.2417
Averaae 2- 2l)-; :::: , z s- .:..;
Stabilitv /tJi'fO I 2-o.J //??/I
/§" /6? . )5"
) /) () IS-
bp. Gravity s.s.n. Bulk s.s.o. I
11\bsorption
T\bDolute H.R.B. I UJ t. A.C. Start
I· l "'t. A.C. Rend. !wt. A.C. Left
.
I .· ..• · .
- -__ - - -- ..
... · .. .··
... .
. .... ... . .....
.. c. "atch-WtcAaa.,._ ·- -~ .
Lab No. Asph. -· -................. Yo AsPhalt ·
·.
· Date Tested
Nt. in Air //L.70 wet Weiaht I I 0 7 ·' wt. in Water ?61 0
Difference S-o G. 5 Sn. Gravitv Z. 3o'-I Averaae
Jo ad - Lbs. z, q "'"""' Flow 0 .01 In. /.,
A.veraae Load 2.:T 7~
..
. .
. ..
:nee i l.C G ra 1167. 0 //f,/,.S
. ...... .
,. - --- -
.·
:1 '2.. 81" ....., r vit DcterrnL.fnation
-~-"~'i-"-~~=-i=-'"'-'-~,
// 67 ,, I/(, 7 -5.
(;r;o. o C:,{,0. I
~o 7, ,-, St)? ~ ;?. 3 0 ?--- 2.3 O.cl
2-302..
Marshall Stab'l't l. l. :v z, . .;-.,..." (_tp; C'. "' ... ·-;;-ioD :u<>o 2-l t •
II I Z.. ·11 II // /I 11"1(., ii
/tJo % s.s.o.
bsorption
I Bulk s.s.o. I Abeoluto I H.R.B. I
.
I- I Wt, A.C. Start Wt. A.C. Reqd. wt. A.C. Left
. .
. ... . .....
..
· .
. I 6 BI OIAIS'
1;3:;;;., 0 l/~~7 <:; 11.-oR". o //"';::.C.u I I '< ,St ,!) // ,3 ~ '" 62,:; 5 (,~ 7. 5 .s28.o .:::l .-' t•; .::·I "l
,. <;'I (.) ,()
2-22..5 2-22-8 2.23 ?-::: ~ 2. 2. !'>
/I // II
.
.
' ... ... .. .. --· "- -'~~---· , __ -_
,_,-, ---_,-- . · .. . · . . ., __ .-- - - : .
Ratch Wt Aoq. !'en. Asnhalt ...... .il:C:::.~ Io L_ab_ Na. A_$.=l)-b-. ·
Yo Asohal t .
Batc;:h.Wt Asoh . ... · ... ·· . - ------- --.... I
. .
tv Determination /107.C //07.C: 1106,0
110"7.£ //o'/.o /lo7.5 5'95 0 €'}?a ·5'75. $
.!:;- 1:'2. s ... •/·-;. '; <."I 2. 0 2.100 2.;59 2 .. 1,;:.·c,
2.1~0
9' 3. 8
() 3 /Z-75 Blow
s.s.n. Bulk S.S.D. I bsorption
7\b11oluto H.R.B.
' wt. A.C·. Start
I · I llt. A.C. Read. lit. A.C. Left
-·-~· ·---•-•'-•-· -
•.• ···••••••• •. ••• .• n· •. . •• ==~ cc... =: ao:OOf•J:,N'emi~w€ic~sasi!l'PP'·c""·. ====~========
..... ·· .... ... .... · ....
, ._: I,,_ __
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.· ..
. ·. Ratch Wt Aqq. .
-- -- ., ~--:~:;_-: p_~n_. __ .. -.A~ .. "' h:ait~.-"' · _ .. _~_:.,... .. . ,ab No. Asph. .
. . Yo .. Asnh_a-l:·t--... .-- .. ---. ------------------------·----- -: .. ............ .. -._ :_.::._
. Batch Wt AsPh . ... . Date Tested 3 -'2..
.. . - --- --- - ------------------
!-'-~~~~~~~~~~
" '''",'" .---- --- - ....
/ff Snec1 1C Gra vit :v De t errn1nat1on
wt. in Air 1/7/,0 // 72 .::; ;/7/.C // 5$.!. //,-5"8. c; //::<- .:,:;),& //{/y,& 11'/2 . .6 / l'/'/..!J Wet Weiaht 11?1.o 11 72.s // 71· ( // 5{?.(. 115 &-.o 1100./ ) / :./t./·U J; ~) .::· 0 !/LJIJ • .s wt. in water ?. 5'1. 5 (,59, 5 6590 0'1'-f,/ {,l.J.S,O G5o.o f33.5 (, 31/. 0 1 35. 5 Difference ,)/ J, .5 SI"'<.,-, 5) ;':J (' .<:'O "/. 0 SI o 0 ,_/.,·-I .. -• ,r•,. .. <:'1:1:S s //. t> ._·-.;·,.,(:,1. Ii
Sn. Gravitv 2.28"1 2.28~ 2-ZB? 2-2.7.S 2.27; 2,27 .<;" . 2.2<;1 2·235 2.2.t.;C/
Averaqe 2 ·21?7 2. 2 7'-1 2.2'/2-
I oo t;
s.s;o. Bulk s.s.o. I bsorption ·
Ah11olute H.R.B.
' nt. A.C. Start
I· I Wt. A.C. Read. wt. A.C. teft
''·'
-·-·------------~- --------·--- -
Rat ch.Wt Acrrr. . ... ·. ... .. ..
Lab No. Asnh.
-.- -- --- - ---·-········--
-- Yo ASohal t _ -- . . - ______ .- _ -_-__ ·. ______ -•+B-a-t,.--c~h~W~t~A-s-:n~h-t-~~~~~~~~~-4·
Date Tested
/2.. Blcw.s
.
....•..
.
Snecific Gra vi tv Determination llt. in Air 112?.c //o= ~111c.fi.o 1/1).r. / J )/, ;... IJ J!, 5 Wet Weiqht JI 2..7.5 /12 9 .5 I; 2 Ii ,0 I I I;, (' /)!/ ~I )/12...·0
dt. in Water {,;Q,C) {., 18. ::-: {,17.S t;;;Z.o 60'/,5 (;Q"/,0
Difference .So& s J//,6 51 () c; :5"'D :;'.I*: () .... s. /) ... , () SoS:.,O So. Gravitv 2.2;C,, 2.209 2.210 2.20 0 2, l'i/ C'./B8 Averaqe 2.2;z_ ~
2.193
,oad - Lbs. f?:;Tt> 5"3n S"/o. Flow 0.01 In. /0 12.- ) ()
Averaae Load a-9"0 /1.
io· Gravity I Bulk S.S.D. l s.s.o.
bsorption
Abrioluto H.R.B. ,
1t. A.C. Start
E~ wt. A.C. Read. llt. A.C. Left
-- . ---- ,. -
.
. I
· 1
~J,
~ ~-~,-~=='
•
~=--~~jE{~~~~~~~=·.c:.··~ . Project No. .
county~·····~=-~;,;.;.;;.;;;.;...;...;;..,:;;.~.;.;;;;;;;;;.;;;...;.;;;;;;:;..;..;;.;.;:...;.;.;:...;.;.;:...;.;.;:...;.;.;:...;.;.;:...:;;;:.:;;.;.;:......;.;.;;.=.:;...;.;.;;....;.;.;;....;.;.;;._....._.....~~~~.--~--
~atch Wt Aqq. '( Een.~~.n!'lal~
Yo Asphalt ·· ···· Batch Wt AsPh
. Date Tested
wt. in Air Wet Weiqht ~'1t. in Water Difference Sp. Gravity Averaqe
SP. Gravitv i'<bsorption
...
Sneci l.C Gra /17S,D //')<{,. 5" //76,c //750 /177.D 1176,,!:
bbZ,$ !,) b 3, 0 663, C>
5"12. 5 ..-;if, D S"' / :?· !:/
2.Z."),3 2.28") 2·2"1D 2. 29 I
/0 o. ?lo
s.s~o.
Ab1olute
. nt. A.C. Start / / ,-:,· /,. wt. A.C. Read. 7?;C. wt, A.C. Left ,..r/'t'jO
......... \.
.
18 vi tv Detennination
I 16 2. (. JiS'J',$" /If<!. '::./ /JL/7 6 11'7'6 5 JJ;/.>",t'J
JI 6 2. o ns9.S //6c;,,, 5" 11~/7:;,· !1'-/6..S 11'/S',S
fo'-/'J'D b <17 5'> Gso ,o 6 ;l r.· ~ ,,. ,;.;...· (.,..3 2. S' s 3'/, 5
S' ;. 3' • • , SI 2 ~ C> S- I 2. • 5"" ~/ z... '.:;; $"I </, 6 ..!J-//~ 0
z.265 2.2(,5 2.208 2.?.38 z.z.31 2. 2</0 2.26.(i, 2.23t:,
I /.:> -
Bulk s.s.o.
.
H.R.B •
I· /~ ~(;
~;;" I
-~7-:·c· - .. - ... --,-·c·-.-.. ---·
0 atch Wt Aaa. Pen. Asnhalt
'"'•" Tuab No. i'\:snh.. .•. ..• . Ya Asnhalt ......
. Batch Wt Asnh Date Tested
/-..ott> a . ,,~ ....
.... -:17'8.:"f:::: 'i;;i:' ,, . ... ·'=I _-_-,- i? -- - " ... ' -
/ '· '· ...,. _u
"=· .. -.:a--,== ::::::=-=::__ ::._ ~ ...--- -= -===---.. ·-~
'ii '2. .
··•··· ..
..
:c=cc== -ccl:J=oc'f5=" :cc:==::==.···· ;::,~· ·'#?li,,ii::tiD."cD);;:;;;,:;;;;•,
.
.
... ·-······-· .. · "·"' ......... .
····••· . ... ... . . ... .......
Snecific Gra vi tv Determination· . !Wt. in Air IWet Weiaht wt. in Water Difference . Sn, Gravitv Averaae
oad - Lbs. Flow 0.01 In. ~veraae Load
. ~P· Gravity bsorption
JJ2"},S //32 ,5 /JJ3 5 l/3o.o !/33,S //.3 '/,.!.
!.·! 7. S" bl8 ,S &2.!.5 .s 12.. 5 SIS,o 513 2.20 "- 2·19C/ 2-210
Z-2CJ</-
"/b,2 %
h Q/) 1• oa /_,,<.,..;" c:; Ip /tf)
-;:. O'i! /0
S.S.D.
11b111olu te
IW t • A.C. Start Wt, A.C. Read. iJt • A.C. Left
/)17,t. /JJ?.S 1J1;:;.c, 1118,.S ///9 I 0 II// ').C)
6aS,D & oS",O b06,6 Sl3,S 5'1'/, 0 S/~:?:_<.:-:.
2~175 Z.J;:;<I 2.177• 2.17:,·
75 Blow
Bulk S.S.D.
H.R.B.
E l
. .......... . ..
Batch Wt Arrrr, /?. ooo ··- ............. Pen. Asphalt ······ ... ...... ;,;{l_,:.-:;fi;i .
. ... ..... hah m:l': ~10snh. -"''";,.-.;...-,~--· ·?'"' .•..............
"lo Asphalt 46.'C> Batch Wt Asph (,, '3 a..
,,D:::a=t.::e_.-'T"-'e"'s::;t::.e=d1-·c.;c.;···1-·.,,_ ~---'/'.'-"-~"'--~·1-1-·····-··-····-·-··-· ··-··c.;c.; ,_·_····-·········-···--------------·__.··----- -·------.. ,.,, ... , ...
· §08/ow-.r 18 ·S ecific Gravi tv Determination
J '9? J J ;q R. D //9S,.S 11;t1S ))1;'),<l )/ i? ·iJ ,<)
)/CJ-..-5' ) I"/~ Jf //9/,,o II C)o, s 1/8'7, 0 JI B'"J. s &cJI o "'~'i(. .. ,() t.,c;g,s 6.&/ s ?, "19 S' (, q "' 0
5o?.5 ~02,S- 500.S .::;-n ,;) C) Sc:::·'/.~- _-';' D /,S
z. 382. 2.38'-f 2.:JP..•'/ 2. 7 "';? 2 .J .....-' -.> 2.-33D c=.3'-1-/
2 .. 335 2.3~S
JOO
ID
75 /O
/t70 ~ ~·-5~ .,._~
I s.s.n. Bulk s.s.n. ~P· Gravity
bsorption
J\booluto H.R.B.
, 1t. A.C. Start i 3 3 :>-.
I· /:;;-; ::;iL
I Wt. A.C. Reqd. 63 2- G 3 L Wt• A.C. Left ?oo ~OU I
' .. "~ .. •.
------------~--·---
·. --.· Lab No. ASph. Yo Asphalt
c-c- -- Batcnwt····Asi:>h - ':- Date Tested·-
wt. in Air Wet Weiqht wt. in Water Difference SP. Gravitv Averaqe
·"' /.? q_ -'·<'I b ";(>
) 2.. Bl~ws s , f" iTH!Cl lC Gra
//"Ji\,'7 I r1 /. "' //7c,3 181-S 118/·S 1179,5
G7o.S 61~ 5' //,q
s //, f? ,'{"' / /. ,;:,1 $- /o,S'
2, 3o (0 2..3o5 2.30:7 2 · 3 OS'
.
··'"' ,_,,,_,_,,,,,,_,,_, - _,, ,,,,_ --.- -w
? tJ/tJwr vit :v De t erm1na t" ion
)/(; ;;".,; ~:. II/, .• ;. , 5' lj&J,V // 72.. ..!:,- 11?/,S 1172, 5
6"60 0 b5S- s bSB,s _5-,1 .;?_, ~7 .-:;- I .:_~ . . ,_,,, .::: / .......... '" 2 · 2.8 I 2·278 2.272.
2.277 • "}3, 9 x .
iP· Gravity I Bulk S. S .o. I S. S .D.
bsorption
Ab11olute I H.R.B. I , ...
nt. A.C. Start
f= wt. A.C. Read. wt. A.C. Left
' I
I 75 Blow - .. '.
I
-_,~,~~,~~~-~.,.,.,;. __ ~---·,,, .. ~ .. ,~,~~~-~~~ ~'--~ .. -·- """ - ...... ,. .......... -.~~ .... ~ .. -·-·"'"
Ratch .wt.Aqq ..
cLabNo; J\snh. ·--- -- -Yo Asphalt Batch Wt Asph Date Tested OJ .. J~
!Wt. in Air //'7 7, 5 J<et Weiqht // q 7..C Nt. in Water .{,CJS.e> Difference 5«:, z, 5 so. Gravitv 2.383 Averaqe
Load - Lbs. 2-0G'['
Flow 0 .01 In. I 2-1>.veraae Load 2,0 ~ -~
bsorption I
,. - ·- ,, -- - ,,, --- ' ' .- -- " - "
-~-... -1-Q_//;/!. ..... - -------------·----~-~------- --
. -.
s .f. G vit i!31!Cl. l.C ra :v De t ermina t' ion //q<;J,:0 1/99.~ !/&J;o // 8'/ (, I I :,/' /:,, , _.;-
1/9?.S' )/ 97,) /l'fl.:J,:; !/ S>S.C> I/ .':f ,:..,. •5° &>'7"- ,o ~.:tt..,5" l.C (;( ,::,· ,;J <b 8 c-- e-'-'' ~ ~ /,, <>!.!> ;" Cl ). 1 C" 503 ,0 7cJD.f) l/99·5' 5°!);'.:!..,CJ
2-385 2 .. 3/?S Z-37D 2.s?/ ?.3( </-
z.3a<f :;.> 7 ' a.· .._.<.J(~>c>
'7 "}. 3 ,,:.j ~
Z-~G.-;; "2.~o '? 5 I :;, I z..
I 2-
s.s.D. I Bulk S.S.D. I Ab11olute I li.R.B. I
' ..
wt. A.C. Start
~ wt. A.C. Read. - .
wt. A.C. Left '
..
I
.
1 e e J .;, """
//,;_.; ;;- //6 8 0 !17 "· ,,-11 &9 ,;- //('_,}:; .'\ lt7 I ,o
(,, 7 l., 5 - 6 '/. ~c; c. -7 1 ' !}
"-fi' /, D !/ '/ ,_-;;:', !S" .)~'o 0 ,6
2¥ ?.s·3 :;.-:., .'.~'-I-·:;: 2!.~:!-'-f/
2- 34 0
137"i I '?5" o )J~,,,,,
/(/ I/ II I '57:> I/
- -
i
I • ·J
... . . ..
. f-,,.,.,---,.,---...,.,.,.,--+-.,..-,.~~~~~--;~~-'--~~~~~~+-~~~~~-'-~+-~~~~~....,.~---1 • .
.
Batch Wt Aacr. t>en. Asohalt /l,,. _,,
. . le>R I'~- .. · . .. . .
Lab No. Asph. . . ..
Yo--cASPh~l.t .. . - ·--·------
.•. . ---- _,__ ------ ---- -- .. ---.
Batch Wt Asph .
Date Tested ~-,.., . .
/ 2 81014> . f' SP"Cl. l.C Gra vi tv Determination
. 11t. in Air 1153 ~ /152,S 1!!53.0 // """" fJ 11<//•S /!';!:i(,5'
~et Weicrht 11;'"4'-,5 /,/ .5· .? .... 5 )15?:; /I/.('·~.:·,_::· l/</2~> JI ~·'7 ,D
Wt. in Water ~53,o (,S/.O l.DS-3,£ t.D3!P? 637°-5' t, 3 ·;i', ::::-
Difference .;-or> .50/.,5' ,,5"e>.?,D Fb <I- .t> S-:o S: 0 5'" c.' 3' ::,-Sp. Gravitv 2 .. 300 2.z.98 2.30(:, Z. i?G ¢ 2·26o 2.2c;.1
Averaae 2. 3ol 2.zc;o 9y.s %
Marshall b'l' Sta l. itv r.oad - Lbs. /ooo J tJ.<J'c) 1?-0 /f,,? ?&' !/" 7 §1~1
Flow 0.01 In. 1'2- ) z.-. I( ,, 17 !</ Averaqe Load I"' ,., ,,,, I Z... 7&.o l•f
75 Blow
~P· Gravity Bulk s.s.o. I s.s.o.
bsorption !
J\b111olute H.R.B •
. ~t. A.C. Start
l · I N't, A.C. Read. 11t. A.C. Left
_--~-:~=--~~:'."~~co_-::-;:::::-2"."."'=j
:o .";.',:~-:\-"' !i
Ratch Wt Aqq, }"LI\ (;)0 · ..
Pen. Asphalt 'AC- 1111 Pl!'h I I 11. -- --- ___________ ,,_ -- -- --- --- ' -- _- ______ ,,_ ---- ---.
Lab No. Asph, AR&J- l, .
- - -·-- ··-_____ ,,_ - _,,., __ ,._ .... ·-- -· ---·-x; Asp ha It- - C... '2. '!>"
.
Batch Wt As oh ROp .
Date Tested ::1-2. !I
50 Blot.U . I B 8 /t>.,.,,, Snecific Gra
!Wt. in Air 1173 s /I "74• 0 1;7'-/, 5 ~'let Weiqht I I 7, .S- // 7'1·.5 //74'.' ~ . ,. in Water G, 7 /, 0 (, 71. s G?2.o t' .••
Difference <"o 2., S. Scr>.o 50 2 .. ...
So. Gravitv 2, 3 3S" 2. 3 3 y. 2.3'/0
Averaqe 233,;;,
Joo ?..
Stabilit
s.s.n. Bulk s.s.o. I
bsorption
l\bpoluto H.R.B.
wt. A.C. Start ?Iv .:i E ?.... "),,. ~ 0
I Wt, A.C. Read. '1 !.) ._., 'II .:. " wt. A.C. Left _., 3 .:;i Cl ) 'f b1>
. '
~---~}V~·~7WL_.7i\i&j, . =t•b,;J~u_.J_ ~=ijbbb•···--~=~- ~=cc··
~~cjf~:~~:=········=······~~····~·····,·""o~~!
·.····.
Batch Wt Asoh Q O o
12. 81.- .... . f. Socci l.C Gra
wt. in Air //30· s /I Z 9- $ / / Zo 5 1et Weiqht· 1131· 6 //Z9.S /13r'I .' wt, in Water l,,27.5 6 z fu'.5' C,2.S.o Difference s 0.3 ( So.3. a ~-;., "'. 5 Sp, Gravi tv 2.zvs- 2.2'f6 2.zu; Averaqe 2·2.'12--
75 Blow
s.s.n. Bulk s.s.n. l ~P· Gravity
bsorption
Ab11olute H.R.B.
wt. A.C. Start
I · I ;Jt. A.C. Read. Wt. A.C. Left
4A1U&Q£$S Al\.\ .\ilii:t.!WldO&if-· .UUE Z. 0.-'H!R ... t .,ilk?\11 ?J . . ., ;Vii. 'I II. ii. ;JRQI tlV!llJAIJl:CWhX4'Wlif#i<4JI tz5
·•• Proj~;tN;;~ J2e-;;$, ',,1;~.;-:- - Lab. Nos. y <~t#s:P/:/'11~' Project No. r · ·· >
................ Project No. . ~--·~-- ... - -~-~"~·---U~O,,~MW~•--~~'-""-"""-""""~''w""""~'-'"'-'w'''°~'""'---·"' ~
~f!=J~~f!;;;~~~;~;~;L;~~~)~7;~~~::~~~ .
. . .
--·-- ... ---tl'~-·-~· -- -¥·--- . .,. __ ·---- --· ·-t> ~ 41 .o:;oc:--o:.:-,.o - __________ ,,, ___ "
.. 1 <>oo '2..ooo ·.
-
.
IRatchwt 'Acrcr. ·-.·r..,ooo -- --· ·--· -·- -
Pen. As,..,halt / No c.-10 ~ 41.J I - , ... I.ab No • • A-snh--. - .. _,Q_gc., ·"'a .
' Yo Asohalt (,,, . " .
Batch Wt Asnh . ..., . • Date Tested ., _ '2,.t.I.
Snecific Gra 'tv V1 Determination wt. in Air /1?7.5 J ICJo-- •. S' /197-..S /)'7? ,-o })'8"2..i$° )J 'i?(,~,.5 /}bJ•f,O //b8.S .... 1)1,<:r, ,5' .Vet Weier ht ,-,:;;: 7 ·"'" Jl'ilc 5 //48,0 /177,.; I/ fi) <) II '? " > 11t,.,I1$"' //tf_,9, D )I/,;;"?,(}
Wt. in Water (n 910 ,;;:.:i &>l?l.f 5' I/,$"". I
Difference ,- 11-::F 5·12 ,,,, S' '3'.S
& t.o(.p ,.:;-· /,, 7 I , () "71'. 0
r:-//1!> 51 :J ,o -:r1 .cir (;, s ,;i", ·;" ((.,'.g;;J._,.::;· , 5-0.S" "" .,;-)
'"' ,o .~)'""/ {;.;, .. ~ Cl b.,ti S,.,. Gravitv Z-3'11 ,:;'. 3 3 7 2·:;: 32. {:.' 4 3D,$ 2~310 2.302-. 2.z.;<L 2.262- ;.:.2sa Averaae 2.337 23o5 2,26.f.;I
.
17 >o rz.9-0 /'2.S-0 /c:'I JO (C>
I)... i 3 I "
/tj,/..; % hY7o ,.
.
I Bulk s.s.o. I s.s.o.
bsorpt1on
Abeolute I H.R.B. I . .. ..
Wt• A.C·. Start ;d//
F=-"'t. A.C. Rend. 7c,/ Wt• A.C. Left ..., 0 - t~I -~
Ra tch Wt Ana. I "2..o o" . .
Pen. Asnhalt , Alfft::-ld .
Lab No. Asoh. fi "1 D --i' 2. · ){; Asphalt b,Q .
...
··Batch Wt Asoh .., ,_ ·-Date Tested· 3 .... 2,.1.J.
t tv De -ernanat1on--113 ·1,"' // 3'i ,!.:> 113c,..,; 1/l./'<>. s- ,, ,,,.,, .. {/ "3 8 ,o
"?!'!$ 1 .• /9 ..; '..;',..):.."} ,o tri i () ,,--]A:>,::; ,,-; q, u 2,11{(; z, I 8 Id z,l'fo
2' f '?7
Marshall
9 3,;,. /,, b'l' Sta l: I:tV
'oad - Lbs. a,,.-:;-- 'fr '1" I?, .,, v '/·<? " 9"'
/..50 Flow 0.01 In. II It I ;;; - I"':; . I? /? Zl.veraqe Load <t '7 "$ Ii. 1;~1 13
-
r iP· Gravity S.S.D. Bulk S.S.D.
bsorption
Ab11oluto H.R.B •
. wt. A.C. Start J / ,-:. (_
I-wt. A. C. Read. 70&, wt. A •. C. Left . .LL~~
.
.
75 Blow
I
APPENDIX C
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•
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~:lz~ifi.:=~··~i-il-~~~·i·~ .. i;··1·· ·1*1··'"'1i-l-i~i=i;!;-i:~-i-_·!-IF>_~elrcE:eiril1:l;IA'"•1..__.,.'"".1····~·1·· 1111~i~_ lsi·~.-.11:.0_·--r.ii:-"~·-tiyl· fl;_l_i1-i;i;i1i~lwi=---I· ~1
i. i-~1-1~1~1-i1l~i¥~~ir;i .. ~i·.~i· ·-····=~-~! ·-·" .... -.... ____ , ~.::r. - , __ .,_,_- ::C~[ ·:'f- .. '::l~:·· :c.:::::~ .,_ -.-~~t :-~~l?:;;::"'-·:1- =1- ':.;!-- ;+ :;;-.11: ~ -- - ·;t"·~
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200
100
units------.,.
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3-74
BITUMINOUS WORK SHEET
Project No. C/11..-"19 (-z.;)- .77-?'} Lab. Nos.ABC8 -3/g Project No.~~~~~~~~~~~ Project No. County~~__,
7
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IAbsorntion
I I
BITUMINOUSWORK-SHEET
Project NNo. £~ 'f2 {:?;>- F5- 89 Lab. Nos ._..A ..... · _,,_B._C"-'-"8--'--~3_.· '-'-) ~'7'--"----'Proj ect o.~~~~~~~~~~~~ Project No. County~~l/.~<a4-~k):.-:::_-::-,13-;:::,-&f~-~e--=:.-=.e::t?-;:,-:::_-:::_-:::_-:::_-:::_-:::_-:::_-:=~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Aqqreqates .
Yo Aqqreqate Aqq. Lab. No. Indivi. Wt. Aqa. Comb. Wt. Aqq. Sp. Gr • Weiqht .
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Form 1296 3·74
BITUMINOUS WORK SHEET . f.. ".1 ~ • [i. ff i .r1 q, - -z. /)a
Project No. ,P....19,J-t? 1v7)- ";?o-"'Dab. Nos.-",.""}'-. _I.!_· _' •. _1 _(_;·--=-./-"-l/--'L------'Project No.~~~~~~~~~~~~ Project No·~~~-z=or--~~--~~ County Ca J..~ra =t:± 112
7 I'
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. Form 1295
3-74
BITUMINOUS WORK SHEET
3J4= Project No. FM- "?;7 4..;- ;-:r-?;$ Lab. Project No·-------~--~Project No. County~_,_t;::;_:::;;;::;:~~-~-~-e~-~~ti;:j~-.:;~~-~-~--------~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Aaareqates Yo Aaqreqate Aqq. Lab. No. Indivi. Wt. Aaa. comb. Wt. Arrrr. Sn. Gr • Weiaht
.
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~orm 1295 3~74
.
BITUMINOUS WORK SHEET
Project No. /11- UO? {j). '81-?') Lab. Nos.ABC 8.-:- 3 3 5"" Project No·~~~~~~~~~~~~ Project No·~~~~~~~~~~~~ County~~~~J?'--'o"'-'/J/(_.__~~~~~~~~~~~~--'f!'-'---~7~!3~~~~~~~~
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wt. in Air - . /Jet Weirrht 010··· "1t. in Water I
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