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• MMDS https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and- online-course.html
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Page 1: MMDS .

• MMDS

https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Page 2: MMDS .

DOCSIS Equipment

1 DOCSIS 1.x, 2.0, and 3.0 architecture is also used for fixed wireless with

equipment utilizing the 2.5 - 2.7 GHz MMDS microwave band in the U.S.

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Page 3: MMDS .

Advanced Wireless Services United States

1 This move effectively kills the former MMDS and/or Wireless Cable service in the United

States.

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Page 4: MMDS .

Digital Video Broadcasting - Transmission

1 Microwave: using DTT (DVB-MT), the MMDS (DVB-MC), and/or MVDS standards (DVB-MS)

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Page 5: MMDS .

Cable television - Maldives

1 MediaNet is a Male-based cable TV operator that provides cable and

Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service (MMDS) service to five

islands near Male

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Page 6: MMDS .

Cable television - Ireland

1 It offers MMDS services in rural areas

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Page 7: MMDS .

Cable television - Dominican Republic

1 The main service provider in the Dominican Republic is Telecable from

Tricom. Aster is concentrated in Santo Domingo, but is expanding its service throughout the Dominican

Republic. There are also new companies using new technologies that are expanding quickly such as

Claro TV (IPTV), Wind Telecom (MMDS) and SKY (Satellite TV).

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Page 8: MMDS .

Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service

1 It is most commonly used in sparsely populated rural areas, where laying cables is not economically viable,

although some companies may also offer MMDS services in urban areas.

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Page 9: MMDS .

Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service - Technology

1 The MMDS band is separated into 33 6 MHz "channels" (31 in USA) which may be licensed to cable companies offering service in different areas of a

country

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Page 10: MMDS .

Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service - Technology

1 The newer BRS Band Plan makes changes to channel size and licensing in order to accommodate new WIMAX TDD

fixed and mobile equipment, and reallocated frequencies from 2150 - 2162

MHz to the AWS band. These changes may not be compatible with the

frequencies and channel sizes required for operating traditional MMDS or

DOCSIS based equipment.

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Page 11: MMDS .

Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service - MMDS and DOCSIS+

1 MMDS was sometimes expanded to Multipoint Microwave Distribution

System or Multi-channel Multi-point Distribution System. All three

phrases refer to the same technology.

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Page 12: MMDS .

Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service - Current status

1 In the United States, WATCH Communications (based in Lima,

Ohio), Eagle Vision (based in Kirksville, MO), and several other

companies offer MMDS-based wireless cable television, Internet access, and IP-based telephone

services.

https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Page 13: MMDS .

Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service - Current status

1 AWI Networks (formerly Sky-View Technologies) operates a number of MMDS sites delivering

high-speed Internet, VoIP telephone, and Digital TV services in the Southwestern U.S. In 2010, AWI began upgrading its infrastructure

to DOCSIS 3.0 hardware, along with new microwave transmission equipment, allowing

higher modulation rates like 256QAM. This has enabled download speeds in excess of 100

Mbit/s, over distances up to 35 miles from the transmission site.

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Page 14: MMDS .

Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service - Current status

1 In the early days of MMDS, it was known as "Wireless Cable" and was

used in a variety of investment scams that still surface today.

Frequent solicitations of Wireless Cable fraud schemes were often

heard on talk radio shows like The Sonny Bloch Show in the mid-1990s.

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Page 15: MMDS .

Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service - Current status

1 The 2.6 GHz band spectrum will be auctioned off so that when the

existing MMDS licences expire new rights of use can issue on a service and technology neutral basis (by

means of new licences)

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Page 16: MMDS .

Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service - Current status

1 Analogue MMDS broadcasting began in 1993, moving to

digital in 2004.

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Page 17: MMDS .

Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service - Current status

1 In Brazil, the MMDS technology was shut down in 2012 to release the

frequency for the LTE-UTRAN band in 2500–2600 MHz. The national

shutdown is planned to be finished at the end of 2012.

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Page 18: MMDS .

Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service - Current status

1 In Dominican Republic, Wind Telecom started operations using MMDS

technology in 2008; at that time and ever since it became a pioneer

taking advantage of such implementations. The company uses

the DVB standard for its digital television transmissions.

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Page 19: MMDS .

Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic - Television Services

1 The main service provider in the Dominican Republic is Tricom. Aster is concentrated in Santo Domingo, but is expanding its service throughout the Dominican Republic. There

are also new companies using new technologies that are expanding quickly such

as Claro TV (IPTV and Satellite television|Satellite TV), Wind Telecom (Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service|MMDS) and

SKY México|SKY (Satellite television|Satellite TV).

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Page 20: MMDS .

Crnogorski Telekom - T-Com

1 Nine Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service (MMDS) and

CATV licenses were awarded in 2007. The first broadband internet services

were offered in Q4 2009.

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Page 21: MMDS .

UMTS-TDD - Comparison with UMTS-FDD

1 Europe-wide, several bands are provided either specifically for UMTS-TDD or for similar

technologies. These are 1900MHz and 1920MHz and between 2010MHz and 2025MHz. In several countries the 2500-2690MHz band (also known as MMDS in the USA) have been used for UMTS-

TDD deployments. Additionally, spectrum around the 3.5GHz range has been allocated in

some countries, notably Britain, in a technology-neutral environment. In the Czech Republic UTMS-TDD is also used in a frequency

range around 872MHz.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Page 22: MMDS .

Cable TV - Peru

1 Eight years later, in 1990, controversial businessman Genaro Delgado-Parker established Peru's second cable television system in Lima, called Telecable, delivering

contents via MMDS only to high class neighborhoods

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Page 23: MMDS .

SkyCable - Set-top box

1 * 'First Generation (Black/Silver SD-First Edition): ' The CDVBC5120 (first

edition) is a cable digital receiver used to decode digital program sdistributed by CATV or MMDS

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Page 24: MMDS .

Multi-Choice TV (Barbados)

1 The television service provider known as 'Multi-Choice TV' or 'MCTV'

is a Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service|MMDS or DVB-C wireless microwave based broadcast subscription television provider in the

country of Barbados

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Page 25: MMDS .

Cable TV Hong Kong - Operation

1 HKCTV is operated through two separate yet complementary

networks, namely the wireless Multipoint Microwave Distribution

System coaxial network (MMDS) and the wireline Hybrid Fibre coaxial network (HFC). The combined

networks serve 1.70 million viewers, which take up 95% of the local

households.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Page 26: MMDS .

Cable TV Hong Kong - Operation

1 MMDS is a programming broadcast through specific transmitters

throughout Hong Kong. Broadcast signals are released from the

transmitters to various dishes which are located on the rooftops of

buildings, and are further transmitted to customers' televisions through the

in-built coaxial cable.

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Page 27: MMDS .

Cable TV Hong Kong - Operation

1 The hybrid fibre-coaxial network consists of a fibre optic backbone which forms the base of the whole broadcast centre. It develops into smaller branches and penetrates into

different areas in Hong Kong along the MTR tunnels, ending in customers' homes

through the coaxial cable that the MMDS uses. This network enables high capacity

which allows HKCTV to house over 31 channels as well as other

telecommunication services.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Page 28: MMDS .

SRT Communications - Products and services

1 SRT provides Internet service to rural and city homes through DSL and MMDS technology.

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Page 29: MMDS .

TVA Digital

1 'TVA - Televisão Abril' is a Brazilian Pay television|subscription

television operator, working with MMDS|Multichannel Multipoint

Distribution Service Analog television|analog system, analog

cable and Digital data|digital cable. TVA also provides Cable modem,

Broadband Internet access and Wi-Fi connections.

https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Page 30: MMDS .

MASTV

1 'MASTV' is a Mexican MMDS|wireless cable television company. The company belongs to

MVS Comunicaciones. The wireless cable company offers service to 11 cities in Mexico; Mexico City, Guadalajara, Leon, Guanajuato|

Leon, Mérida, Yucatán|Mérida, Monterrey, Pachuca, Queretaro, Queretaro|Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi|San Luis

Potosi, Toluca, Tuxtla Gutierrez, and Villahermosa.[http://www.mastv.com.mx/que

es_mastv.php What is MASTV?]

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Page 31: MMDS .

Digital television - Reception

1 In some countries where transmissions of TV signals are

normally achieved by microwaves, digital MMDS is used

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Page 32: MMDS .

TV3 (Ireland) - History

1 UTV Media|UTV pulled out of negotiations in 1995, after TV3 tried

to convince existing Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service|MMDS

and Cable television#Republic of Ireland|cable television providers to

drop UTV and replace it with TV3

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Page 33: MMDS .

Five (TV channel) - Broadcasting and reception

1 Channel 5 is available in Switzerland on Swisscom TV and Cablecom, but

unlike the other UK terrestrial channels, it is not available on Cable television in the Republic of Ireland|

cable or MMDS in the Republic of Ireland, the first such service not to

be available in the Republic

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Page 34: MMDS .

Instructional Television Fixed Service - FCC allows leasing

1 Using ITFS excess capacity and up to thirteen channels in the companion

commercial service, the Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service

(MMDS), a number of telecommunications companies built wireless cable systems. The number

of available channels, however, proved to be insufficient to compete

effectively with the expanding channel capacity of cable TV.

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Page 35: MMDS .

Instructional Television Fixed Service - FCC allows leasing

1 ITFS and MMDS licensees then sought FCC authorization to employ

digital compression technology, which would substantively increase

the number of program streams that could be carried on the channels of

the combined ITFS and MMDS spectrum.

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Page 36: MMDS .

Instructional Television Fixed Service - Two-way operation added

1 The FCC also authorized both cellular and two-way operations in the

ITFS/MMDS services and the potential for ITFS to be used for the

distribution of data, as well as video

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Page 37: MMDS .

Instructional Television Fixed Service - Two-way operation added

1 It was clear that while video distribution was a viable educational service for ITFS, commercial video

services could not be widely successful in the ITFS/Multichannel

Multipoint Distribution Service (MMDS) spectrum.

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Page 38: MMDS .

Instructional Television Fixed Service - Telecommunications interest in ITFS spectrum

1 These changes in rule and the rising demand for broadband

communications led to several commercial tests of combined

ITFS/MMDS digital systems designed for two-way data distribution

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Page 39: MMDS .

Instructional Television Fixed Service - Telecommunications interest in ITFS spectrum

1 That improvement, however, was not judged to be sufficient to ensure that

a combined ITFS/MMDS digital service could satisfy the needs of education, as well as providing

technology sufficiently robust to be commercially viable.

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Page 40: MMDS .

Instructional Television Fixed Service - FCC approves wireless networking uses

1 In 2003 the National ITFS Association, the Catholic Television

Network, and the Wireless Communications Association filed a

joint proposal with the FCC to reformat the ITFS/MMDS spectrum and to provide rules, which would

support widespread development of a wireless broadband service in the

ITFS/MMDS spectrum.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Page 41: MMDS .

Advanced Wireless Services

1 'AWS-1', also referred to as UMTS frequency bands|UMTS band IV or UMTS 1700

(but not UMTS 1700/2100), is a wireless telecommunications spectrum band used for mobile voice and data services, video, and messaging. AWS-1 is used in the United

States, Canada, Mexico and Chile. It replaces some of the spectrum formerly allocated to Multipoint Multichannel Distribution Service (MMDS), sometimes referred to as Wireless Cable, that existed from 2150 to 2162MHz.

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Page 42: MMDS .

BBC2 - Availability outside the UK

1 BBC Two is widely available in the Republic of Ireland on Cable

television in the Republic of Ireland|cable and MMDS, as well as being

received directly in areas bordering Northern Ireland, or in coastal areas

from Wales

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Page 43: MMDS .

Anthony James Barr - Automated Classification of Medical Entities (ACME)

1 It and the other components of MMDS, or variations of them are used

in many nations around the world

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Page 44: MMDS .

Broadband wireless access - Technology and speeds

1 Few wireless Internet service providers (WISPs) provide download speeds of over 100

Mbit/s; most broadband wireless access (BWA) services are estimated to have a range

of from a tower. Technologies used include Local Multipoint Distribution Service|LMDS and Multichannel Multipoint Distribution

Service|MMDS, as well as heavy use of the ISM bands and one particular access

technology was standardized by IEEE 802.16, with products known as WiMAX.

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Page 45: MMDS .

Freedom House - History

1 [http://books.google.com/books?id=o3VxxzNJcfkCpg=PA239lpg=PA239dq=

%22books+USA%22+peace+corpssource=blots=uDQCmxK

n24sig=1-CNWKUZRdZm-d_vBxmpH_E1zY4hl=enei=fyvBTp69KMmDsALchc2xBgsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=2ved=0CDkQ6AEwAQ#v=onepageq=

%22books%20USA%22%20peace%20corpsf=false Chapter on International

Book Donation Programs. p. 239].

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Page 46: MMDS .

Simsubbed

1 Retrieved on March 7, 2009.) is a practice mandated by the Canadian Radio-television and

Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) requiring Canadian cable TV, direct broadcast satellite

(DBS), IPTV, and Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service|MMDS television distribution companies to distribute the signal (electronics)|signal of a local or regional terrestrial television|

over-the-air station in place of the signal of a foreign or nonlocal television station, when the

two stations are broadcasting identical programming simultaneously.

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Page 47: MMDS .

ITV Network - Availability outside the UK

1 ITV (as UTV (TV channel)|UTV) is widely available in the Republic of Ireland on Cable television in the

Republic of Ireland|cable and MMDS, as well as being received directly in areas bordering Northern Ireland, or in coastal areas from Wales (as ITV

Wales)

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Page 48: MMDS .

Wireless local loop - Licensed Point to Multi Point Microwave service

1 provided LMDS and MMDS, and most implementations in the United States were

conducted at 2500MHz

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Page 49: MMDS .

Digital cinema - DLP cinema projectors

1 Three DMD devices are used, one for each of the primary colors. Light from the lamp,

usually a Xenon similar to those used in film projectors with a power between 1kW

and 7kW, is split by colored filters into red, green and blue beams which are directed at the appropriate DMD. The

'forward' reflected beam from the three DMMDs is then re-combined and focused

by the lens onto the cinema screen.

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Page 50: MMDS .

BBC One - Availability outside the UK

1 BBC One is widely available in Republic of Ireland|Ireland on Cable television in the Republic of Ireland|cable and MMDS, as well as being

received directly in areas bordering Northern Ireland, or in coastal areas

from Wales

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Page 51: MMDS .

Five (channel) - Broadcasting and reception

1 In the Republic of Ireland, unlike the other UK terrestrial channels,

Channel 5 not available on Cable television in the Republic of Ireland|cable or MMDS, the first such service

not to be available in the Republic

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Page 52: MMDS .

Phnom Penh Cable Television

1 'Phnom Penh Cable Television', also known as PPCTV, is a direct-to-home

cable TV and subscription service included MMDS TV, Fiber Optic and

Internet Service, established by Phnom Penh Municipal Cable

Television (PPCTV). It is one of the major cable TV services in Media of

Cambodia|Cambodia with the largest number of viewers, especially in

Phnom Penh.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Page 53: MMDS .

MediaNet - History

1 CableNet started in 2000 with one MMDS Station located at the centre of Malé. The company was officially established in the year 2001. When the government granted permission

to expand CableNET’s services in 2002, the company provided

decoders to its customers and provided connection kits for

installment at homeshttps://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Page 54: MMDS .

Wireless internet service provider

1 A 'wireless Internet service provider' ('WISP') is an Internet service provider with a

network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi

wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open

33-centimeter band|900 MHz, ISM band|2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or

licensed frequencies in the UHF band (including the MMDS frequency band) and

Local_Multipoint_Distribution_Service|LMDShttps://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Page 55: MMDS .

Freedom of the press in the Russian Federation - Television and radio

1 Liberal opposition TV-Channel RTVi owned by Vladimir Gusinsky is not

broadcast in Russia, but available in that country through networks of

cable television|cable and satellite television, MMDS and IPTV networks.

[http://www.rtvi.ru/english.html Official site of RTVi] A former editor

of a program on that channel, Vladimir V

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Page 56: MMDS .

Internet provider - Wireless ISP

1 A wireless internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a

network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open

900MHz, 2.4GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8GHz bands or licensed frequencies in

the UHF band (including the MMDS frequency band) and LMDS.

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Page 57: MMDS .

Television in South Africa - Other Technologies

1 Satellite television has been far more successful in Africa than cable,

because maintaining a cable network is expensive due to the need to cover larger and more sparsely populated

areas. There are some terrestrial pay-TV and MMDS services.

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Page 58: MMDS .

Mazie Hirono - Elections

1 Hawaii eliminated MMDs and after redistricting, she ran for Hawaii's 20th House

District and won

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Page 59: MMDS .

Blue Sky (film) - Reception

1 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/blueskypg13kempley_a05b12.htm

The The New Yorker raved,http://24.media.tumblr.com/ec3f6905a8216efbe8f19bee92ea5a52/tumblr_mpzymmDsTb1s611seo1_1280.jpg calling Lange's turn a stunning performance - perhaps the best of

[her] remarkable career.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Page 60: MMDS .

Television in Mexico - Cable television

1 By 1989, the industry had had a major impulse with the founding of Multivisiónmdash;a MMDS system

who started to develop its own channels in Spanishmdash;and the

later development of companies such as Cablemas and Megacable.

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Page 61: MMDS .

RTÉ One - History

1 RTÉ One since it began broadcasting has competed with BBC One and UTV (TV channel)|UTV and in 1980s RTÉ began competing with other satellite television|satellite and cable television|cable channels that are widely

available across Ireland through cable television|cable subscription services due to the high take up of cable TV from Pan-European and UK channels since the 1960s, and the continued roll out of MMDS and satellite television|satellite

during the 1980s and 1990s.

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Page 62: MMDS .

Televisão Abril

1 'TVA - Televisão Abril' was a Brazilian Pay television|subscription

television operator, working with MMDS|Multichannel Multipoint

Distribution Service Analog television|analog system, analog

cable and Digital data|digital cable. TVA also provided Cable modem,

Broadband Internet access and Wi-Fi connections.

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Page 63: MMDS .

Waterford - Broadcasting

1 Raidió Teilifís Éireann|RTÉ's south eastern studio is in the city. Waterford Report is a once weekly television programme on City Channel covering

local news in Waterford.[http://www.city.ie/index.cfm?

fuseaction=showshow_id=78 Waterford Reports Page on City.ie] It is available only on cable and mmds from NTL (Channel 107). The programme is repeated twice every day. The service began on 1 November 2006, and broadcasts to homes

across Waterford City and County.

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Page 64: MMDS .

S4C - Programming

1 Up until the 1990s, S4C was also carried by some Irish cable

television|cable and MMDS providers before being replaced by Channel 4.

[http://www.askcomreg.ie/other/pay_tv.25.LE.asp Pay TV - Ask Comreg]

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Page 65: MMDS .

More4 - Availability

1 Channel 4 itself is available on almost all Irish cable and MMDS

systems (in some cases Channel 4 is replaced with S4C)

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Page 66: MMDS .

UTV (TV channel) - Cable and MMDS

1 **UTV – 110; 16:9 SDTV (on digital cable and MMDS services, various

frequencies on analogue cable services)

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Page 67: MMDS .

TrueVisions - Origin of TrueVisions

1 UBC is entitled to provide subscription television pursuant to the UBC Concession to the whole of Thailand using a satellite to provide direct-to-home service, cable in the

provincial areas and MMDS as permitted by the Post and Telegraph Department, and is entitled to use a satellite to provide service to hubs in

provincial areas and then, through local cable networks, on to

subscribers.

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Page 68: MMDS .

TrueVisions - Origin of TrueVisions

1 The satellite was used to relay signals to MMDS transmitters in the provinces

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Page 69: MMDS .

STAR World - Pakistan

1 * STAR World is available on Southern Networks|Sun TV Networks (MMDS Systems).

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Page 70: MMDS .

Subscription television in Australia - History

1 Galaxy (Australian television)|Galaxy become the first provider to begin

operations, launching a MMDS service on 26 January 1995.

Originally Premier Sports Network was the only local channel to be fully

operational, with Showtime and Encore launching in March. They were later joined in April by TV1,

Arena, Max, Red and Quest. A satellite service was launched later in

the year.

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Page 71: MMDS .

Subscription television in Australia - Defunct Services

1 * Austar previously delivered an analogue MMDS service into selected regional areas, however the system was dumped in the late 1990s/early 2000s. Austar also briefly tested a digital MMDS service on the Gold

Coast.

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Page 72: MMDS .

Subscription television in Australia - Defunct Services

1 * East Coast Television|ECTV and Galaxy (Australian television)|Galaxy also used

MMDS.

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Page 73: MMDS .

Network 18 - Companies

1 *Sun 18 -In 2010 it entered into JV with Sun Network to distribute its

channels through cable, DTH, IPTV, HITS and MMDS.Sun18 Media

Services North and South were formed. Sun 18 South focuses on the non-Hindi-speaking markets and is

managed by the Sun Network.Sun 18 North focuses on the rest of Indian

markets and is operated by the Network18 Group.

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Page 74: MMDS .

Independent News and Media - Cable

1 The company formerly held a 50% stake in Chorus Communications, the second largest cable television and MMDS operator in Ireland, having

acquired this with a merger between Cable Management Ireland, and their own Irish Multichannel. However this

was sold in 2004.

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Page 75: MMDS .

CRT TV - Transmission band

1 Higher frequencies behave more like light and do not penetrate buildings or travel around obstructions well

enough to be used in a conventional broadcast TV system, so they are generally only used for MMDS and

satellite television, which uses frequencies from 2 to 12GHz

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Page 76: MMDS .

Slidell, Louisiana - Twentieth century

1 Retrieved on 2009-09-15 from [http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/recoverydata/katrina/katrina_la_mmds.

shtm#2 FEMA.gov Recovery].

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Page 77: MMDS .

Fender Twin

1 [http://books.google.com/books?id=XFuBrv1cxIQCpg=PA241lpg=PA241dq=beatles+fender+twinsource=blots=-8af3qwMMdsig=8ic4pZWIQFF-h2iT2ujDUe3hGsMhl=enei=18UqTcmFNNG6nAeuiYGiAQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=4ved=0CDsQ6AE

wAw#v=onepageq=beatles%20fender%20twinf=false Beatles

Gear] by Andy Babiukhttps://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Page 78: MMDS .

Japanese House of Councillors election, 2010 - DPJ nomination strategy in multi-member districts

1 DPJ secretary-general Ichirō Ozawa had decided on an offensive strategy for nominating candidates in multi-member districts (MMDs): The DPJ was to nominate two candidates in

all MMDs with the exceptions of Niigata where an SDP-affiliated

independent incumbent was in the race and Fukuoka where a PNP incumbent sought reelection

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Page 79: MMDS .

Japanese House of Councillors election, 2010 - DPJ nomination strategy in multi-member districts

1 The election results in MMDs gave 20 seats to the DPJ, 18 to the LDP, three

to the Kōmeitō and three to Your Party

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