Mobile IP

April 19, 2023SMU School of Engineering

Group 2: Hammad, Mann, Nidgundi, and ZhangCSE 8343 Adv. Operating Systems

Slide 1Instructor: Dr. Khalil

Mobile IP

• Team Members:Mazen HammadChuck MannVrushali Nidgundi Hong Zhang

• Course:CSE 8343 Advanced Operating Systems

• Professor:Dr. Mohamed Khalil

(Group 2)




Outline

• Why IP mobility at Network Layer• Requirements for Mobile IP• Mobility model• Standards• Components of Mobile IP• Operations (Agent discovery, Registration,

Tunneling)• Security• Applications




Routing in IP

• Routing is based on stationary IP address• A device on a network is reachable through

normal IP routing by the IP address it is assigned on the network

• A node must be located on the network indicated by its IP address in order to receive datagrams destined to it




Why Mobility at the Network Layer

• Network Layer is present in all Internet nodes• Network Layer is responsible for routing

packets to proper destination• Change in physical medium is possible• Application transparent• Universal Solution for all applications




The IP Mobility Problem

• A mobile host keeps its home address The host must change its IP address whenever it

moves The host address must be preserved regardless of

its location

• Address management and registration• Security




Requirements for IP Mobility

• Ability to communicate from anywhere without changing the IP address

• No change in the routing or addressing schemes

• Communicate with other nodes that do not implement these mobility functions

• Ensure Security• Scalability

Requirements for IP Mobility




Mobility Model




Standards

Mobile IP standards are developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The standards are issued as Request for Comments (RFC)

• RFC2002 Basic Mobile IP operation• RFC2003 IP encapsulation within IP• RFC2004 Minimal encapsulation within IP• RFC1701 Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)• RFC2006 Management information Base (MIB) for Mobile IP• RFC2344 Reverse tunneling for Mobile IP• RFC2356 Firewall for mobile IP (SUN’sSKIP firewall)




Components of Mobile IP(MIP)

• Mobile Node (MN)– Host or router that changes its point of attachment from one

network to another– Has a permanent IP address given by the home network

• Home Agent (HA)– Host or router on the MN’s home network– Provides point of attachment and permanent IP address to

the MN– Maintains the MN’s current location information, mapping of

MN’s permanent and current temporary address– Reroutes packets to the current mobile node temporary IP

address– Authenticate MN




Components of MIP(cont..)

• Foreign Agent (FA)– Host or router on the MN’s visited network– Provides temporary IP address to the MN– Maintains mapping of MN’s permanent and current

temporary address– Forwards to the MN the packets received from its

home agent

• Care-Of-Address (COA)– The termination point of the tunnel toward the

Mobile Node when it is on a foreign network




Operations of MIP

• Three main operations– Agent Discovery– Registration– Tunneling




Operation of MIP--- Agent Discovery

• The Mobile Node determines if it is connected to its home network or foreign network using ICMP Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP) advertisement

• The MN gets the information about HA and FA

• If it is in the Foreign network, obtains the COA from the FA. Two types of addresses– Care-of-address acquired from a Foreign Agent– Co-located care-of-address

• The Mobile Node then does the registration




Agent Discovery Message




Operation of MIP --- Registration

• Mobile Node register with Home Agent via Foreign Agent(COA received from FA)

or• Mobile Node register directly with Home

Agent(Co-located COA)




Registration Messages




Operation of MIP --- Tunneling

• Packet destined to the mobile node are routed to the home network(normal IP operation)

• HA intercepts the packets on the home network

• HA encapsulates packets and tunnels them to COA

• At COA either FA or MN, the packet is decapsulated and delivered to the MN
















Security in Mobile IP

• All registration messages between a Mobile Node and Home Agent are required to contain the Mobile-Home Authentication Extension (MHAE)

• The integrity of the registration messages is protected by preshared 128-bit key between a Mobile Node and Home Agent

• Reply protection uses the identification field in the registration messages as a timestamp and sequence number. The Home Agent returns its time stamp to synchronize the Mobile Node for registration




Applications

• Enables seamless movement while “always on” in a corporate campus environment

• Enables applications such as Telematics• Enables always-on connectivity for users

traveling in railroads, cruise liners, planes• Enables mission-critical applications for public

safety agencies to stay connected to the network while on the move




Conclusion

• Network Mobility is achieved– Scalable

– Transparent

– Secure




References

• IETF Mobile IP

http://www.ietf.org RFC 2002, RFC 2344• Mobile IP Design Principles and Practices by Charles

E. Perkins• www.cisco.com -- white papers on Mobile IP• www.nortelnetworks.com -- white papers on MIP

http://www.ietf.org/

http://www.cisco.com/

http://www.nortelnetworks.com/




Questions & Discussion




Thank You!

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