Mobile Tecnologies

8/6/2019 Mobile Tecnologies

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MOBILE TECNOLOGIES


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What is mobile

technology/computing?

Collective term used to describe the various

types of cellular communication technology A technology that allows transmission of data,via a computer or other devices, without havingto be connected to a fixed physical link.


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What is mobile technology/computing?

M obile voice communication is widely establishedthroughout the world and has had a very rapidincrease in the number of subscribers to thevarious cellular networks over the last few years.

An extension of this technology is the ability tosend and receive data across these cellular networks. This is the principle of mobile computing.M obile data communication has become a veryimportant and rapidly evolving technology as itallows users to transmit data from remote locationsto other remote or fixed locations. This proves tobe the solution to the biggest problem of businesspeople on the move - mobility.


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History of Mobile Technology

1910 Lars Ericsson the founder of Ericsson

company in 1876installeda telephone inhis car...Access was not by radio, of course -- instead

there were two long sticks, like fishing rods,handled by Hilda, his wife. She would hookthem over a pair of telephone wires, seeking a

pair that were free . . . When they were found,LarsMagnuswould crankthe dynamohandle of the telephone, which produced a signal to anoperator in the nearest exchange." [MeurlingandJeans]

1926 - Radio telephony first surfaced inEurope when luxury trains running fromHamburg to Berlin offered this service tocustomers. World War II saw the large scaleuse of this technology in the German Army s

fleet of tanks.


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1940s Motorola developed a backpackedtwo-way radio, the walkie talkie and laterdeveloped a large handheld two-way radio forthe US military.

1950s - The beginning of radio telephonymobile phones that could actually be used byreal people, instead of trained operators, andfeatured the ability to directly dial. Ships onthe Rhine were among the first to use radiotelephony with an untrained end customer as auser. In 1954 s blockbuster movie, Sabrina,Humphrey Bogart s character calls from a

telephone in the back of a limousine.


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1957 Young Soviet radio engineer Leonid Kupriyanovich created aportable mobile phone, name LK-1 or radiophone . This true mobilephone consisted of a relatively small-sized handset equipped withantenna and rotary dial, and communicated with a base station. Theradiophone had 3kg of total weight.1970 Amos E Joel invented an automatic call handoff system to

allow mobile phones to move through several cell areas during a singleconversation without loss of conversation.


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1982 FCC approved the proposal for cellularservices for Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS)and allocated frequencies in the 824 894 MHz band.1990 Digital AMPs or GSM(Global Systems for

MobileCommunication) superseded analogAMPS.


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3 Aspects of Mobile Technology

Mobile communication -addresses communicationissues in ad-hoc and infrastructure networks as wellas communication properties, protocols, dataformats and concrete technologiesMobile Hardware -focuses on the hardware, i.e.mobile devices or device components

Mobile Software - deals with the characteristics andrequirements of mobile applications


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Generations of MobileCommunication

Mobile Communication

1G

These are the analog cellphones standards that wereintroduced in the 80's and continued until being replacedby 2G digital cellphones.


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2G

It cannot normally transfer data, such as email or

software, other than the digital voice call itself, andother basic ancillary data such as time and date.Nevertheless, SMS messaging is also available as aform of data transmission for some standards.The most commonly used standard is GSM(GlobalSystem for Mobile Communication)Used by over 1.5 billion people across 212 countriesand territories.This ubiquity means that subscribers can use theirphones throughout the world, enabled byinternational roaming arrangements between mobilenetwork operators.GSM also pioneered low-cost implementation of

the short message service (SMS), also called textmessaging


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2.5G

2.5G is a stepping stone between 2Gand 3G cellular wireless technologies.The term "second and a half generation" is used to describe 2G-

systems that have implemented apacket switched domain in additionto the circuit switched domain.Commonly known 2.5G technique is

GPRS(G eneral P acket Radio Service)introduce in Release 97 of GSMstandard.


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2.75G

2.75G is the term which has beendecided on for systems which don'tmeet the 3G requirements but aremarketed as if they do or which do, just, meet the requirements but aren'tstrongly marketed as such.Release 99 of the GSM standard

introduced a higher speed datatransmission using E nhanced DataRates for GSM evolution (E DGE ).


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3G

Also known as International MobileTelecommunications- 2000 ( IMT2000 ) standard .Allows simultaneous use of speech

and data services, and provide peakdata rates of at least 200 kbit/saccording to the IMT-2000specification.

Application services include wide-areawireless voice telephone, mobileInternet access, video calls and mobileTV, all in a mobile environment.


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3.5G

High-Speed Downlink Packet Accessor HSDPA is a mobile telephonyprotocol.HSDPA is a packet-based data servicein W-CDMA downlink with datatransmission up to 8-10 Mbit/s (and 20Mbit/s for MIMO systems) over a5MHz bandwidth inWCDMA downlinkHSDPA implementations includesAdaptive Modulation and Coding(AMC), Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), Hybrid AutomaticRequest (HARQ), fast cell search, andadvanced receiver design.


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4 G

High-speed mobile wireless access with a very highdata transmission speed, of the same order of magnitude as a local area network connection (10Mbits/s and up).

It has been used to describe wireless LANtechnologies like Wi-Fi, as well as other potentialsuccessors of the current 3G mobile telephonestandards.

Pervasive networks. An amorphous and presentlyentirely hypothetical concept where the user can besimultaneously connected to several wireless accesstechnologies and can seamlessly move betweenthem.


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Mobile Hardware

Wearable Computer

Personal Digital AssitantsSmartphonesCarputerUltra-mobile PCTablet PCInternet TabletEbook Readers

Types of devices used in mobile computing


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Mobile Device Components

CPU designed to save power.Typically housed in smaller chip package.In order to run cooler, uses lower voltage thandesktop CPUs.Has more sleep mode capability in order to save

battery life.

Mobile CPUs


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Advanced RISC Machines. The relative simplicity of ARMprocessors made them suitable for low power applications. Thishas made them dominant in the mobile and embeddedelectronics market as relatively low cost andsmall microprocessors and microcontrollers.In its lowest power state as ARM processor only consumes 1mW, compared to Atom s 100 nW

ARM creates instruction sets.Creates reference guides for processors that fit their instructionset.

Mobile CPUs - ARM


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The chip, codenamed Moorestown, will be extremely powerefficient, yet pack enough computational muscle to enablefeatures such as video conferencing and HD videoThe Moorestown system-on-a-chip has three parts. The first isan Atom processor that combines the CPU core with 3-Dgraphics, video encoding, memory and display functions. Thesecond is a controller hub that supports system-level tasks. The

final piece is a mixed-signal integrated circuit that handlespower delivery and battery charging.This development will start the ARM vs Intel war.

Mobile CPUs Intel


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Mobile SoftwareOperating Systems


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Mobile SoftwareMobile Applications

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Mobile Tecnologies

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