Mobility Management

Approaches for Mobile IP Networks

PERFORMANCE COMPARISON AND USE RECOMMENDATIONS

RESEARCHED BY : NADJIA KARA | PRESENTED BY : ABIMARAN K

Agenda

Terminologies

Introduction to different MIPs

Functionality Comparison

Analytical Model

Results of the Analysis

Recommendation

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Terminologies

Home Address

Care of Address (CoA)

Home Agent (HA)

Foreign Agent (FA)

Gateway Foreign Agent (GFA)

IETF

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Introduction to MIP

Proposed by IETF to provide global mobility in IP networks

MT registers with its home network and gets a permanent address

Stored in Home Agent (HA), used for identification and routing

When MT moves outside of home n/w, it obtains a foreign address(CoA)

from Foreign Agent (FA)

MT has to inform HA of its current location

HA delivers data packets by tunneling them to MT’s current attachment

Location update may be high, yields to signal delay

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MIP continue… 5

Hierarchical Mobile IP (HMIP)

Proposed to reduce the number of location update and signal latency

FAs and GFAs are organized on hierarchy

If MT changes FA within same regional n/w, it updates its CoA to

regional GFA

When MT moves to another n/w, it update HA using publicly

routable GFA

High traffic load on GFA and frequent movement between regional

n/w degrades the performance

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Hierarchical Distributed Dynamic Mobile IP

(HDDMIP)

Each FA can act as either FA and GFA

Number of FA attached to GFA adjusted for each MT

Regional n/w boundary is adjusted for MT

Calculated based mobility variation and packet arrival rate

Add processing load to MT to estimate packet arrival rate and subnet resident

time

GFA failure only affect the packet routing to MT belongs to this GFA

System infrastructure and MTs cost could be high

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Dynamic Hierarchical Mobile IP

(DHMIP) Proposed to reduce location update to HA

Registering the new CoA to previous FA and building FA hierarchy

When hierarchy level no reached to threshold, MT set up new hierarchy

Location update to previous FA is less costly compare to HA update

DHMIP outperform compared to HMIP and HDDMIP

Increases n/w resources used for packet delivery

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DHMIP continue … 9

Multicast-Based Mobility Approaches

Reduce signaling load and signaling delay

Suitable for 3GPP, 3GPP2 and LTE networks where small radio cells and high

mobility of MTs

Resource usage not greater than DHMIP

Different Mobile IP multicast protocols are proposed

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Multicast Hierarchical Mobile IP

(MHMIP) Hierarchical multicast groups, FAs are connected to each other through a GFA

Set of GFAs are connected to an HA

When MT moves through FAs belongs to same group, GFA multicast packets

When MT moves outside of the group, new CoA registered with GFA of new group

GFA send CoA to HA

Reduces frequency of the location update to HA

Group is static

Reduces mobility signaling delay compared to HMIP and DHMIP specially for high

mobility MTs

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MHMIP continue … 12

Functionality Comparisons

Bandwidth used by MHMIP signaling is smaller than MIP and DHMIP

In MHMIP path reestablishment only between GFA and HA

Bandwidth used for packet delivery is high, since several connection used

Total bandwidth is higher

For MT with high mobility, multicast resource are reused

MHMIP mean bandwidth per call with high mobility is less than DHMIP and other

MIP approaches

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Analytic Model

Each handoff require path reestablishment

CoA update with HA

New path from HA to FA for DHMIP and MIP

From HA to GFA for MHMIP

User data traffic transfer from previous path to new path

Previous path discard

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Results Analysis

MHMIP mean bandwidth per call is smaller than DHMIP

MHMIP allows cost reduction in terms of resource usage

DHMIP involves high mean bandwidth per call

MHMIP mean delay is smaller than DHMIP and MIP

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Recommendation

If inter-GFAs handoffs aren’t frequent, use MHMIP which provides

best mean handoff delay and mean bandwidth per call for voice

and data

If inter-GFA handoff frequent,

If mean bandwidth per call is important and number of links involved in

MHMIP path reestablishment is high

Use DHMIP

Else use MHMIP

In all most all cases, MHMIP gives lower mean handoff delay, and

mean bandwidth

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Q/A

THANK YOU

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