Mobilizing for Mobilizing for DefenseDefense

Mr. White’s US 2 Mr. White’s US 2 HistoryHistory

Main Idea, Big Questions, Main Idea, Big Questions, and Objectivesand Objectives

Main Idea: In order to win World War II, the Main Idea: In order to win World War II, the United States government took direct United States government took direct control over industry, the economy, and control over industry, the economy, and many aspects of daily life. This was many aspects of daily life. This was known as known as mobilizationmobilization..

Big question: What would you be willing to Big question: What would you be willing to sacrifice or do to protect your country?sacrifice or do to protect your country?

After this section, we should be able to:After this section, we should be able to: Describe the sacrifices of the American Describe the sacrifices of the American

people during the war effortpeople during the war effort Examine the impact of racism on the Examine the impact of racism on the

American war effort and societyAmerican war effort and society

Americans Join the War Americans Join the War EffortEffort

Immediately after the Immediately after the attack on Pearl Harbor, attack on Pearl Harbor, men began showing up men began showing up to volunteerto volunteer

Over 5 million would Over 5 million would volunteer over the volunteer over the course of the warcourse of the war

Over 10 million others Over 10 million others would be drafted using would be drafted using the Selective Service the Selective Service Act Act

You’re in the army now…You’re in the army now…

After volunteering or being drafted, new After volunteering or being drafted, new recruits would enter basic trainingrecruits would enter basic training

Goal of basic training was to take an Goal of basic training was to take an untrained recruit and make them into a untrained recruit and make them into a soldiersoldier

Men would learn how to use their Men would learn how to use their weapons, hand-to-hand combat, and other weapons, hand-to-hand combat, and other knowledge they would need in combatknowledge they would need in combat

Women Join The EffortWomen Join The Effort

Women couldn’t serve Women couldn’t serve in combat roles, but in combat roles, but could help in other could help in other waysways

US0 – held dances, US0 – held dances, entertainment, social entertainment, social gatherings, showed gatherings, showed moviesmovies

WAC – Women’s Army WAC – Women’s Army Corps; these women Corps; these women filled non-combat jobs filled non-combat jobs such as office workers, such as office workers, etc., to free up men etc., to free up men who could be in combatwho could be in combat

Discrimination in RecruitingDiscrimination in Recruiting

Black troops – Over 1 million Black troops – Over 1 million served, but weren’t allowed served, but weren’t allowed to serve in combat roles to serve in combat roles until last year of the waruntil last year of the war

Over 300,000 Mexican Over 300,000 Mexican Americans joined armed Americans joined armed forcesforces

Asian Americans, including Asian Americans, including many Japanese Americans, many Japanese Americans, volunteered as wellvolunteered as well

Over 25,000 Native Over 25,000 Native Americans served, some of Americans served, some of whom were “code-talkers” whom were “code-talkers” that were used to keep that were used to keep Japanese from breaking Japanese from breaking codecode

Industry Shifts to War Industry Shifts to War ProductionProduction

Industries quickly Industries quickly shifted over to war shifted over to war production after Pearl production after Pearl HarborHarbor

Automobile production Automobile production completely stopped; all completely stopped; all auto factories turned to auto factories turned to war productionwar production

Factories were putting Factories were putting out as many as one out as many as one bomber every hour; bomber every hour; some shipyards were some shipyards were putting out one cargo putting out one cargo ship every four daysship every four days

Women in the WorkforceWomen in the Workforce

Of the 18 million people Of the 18 million people employed in defense employed in defense industries by the end of industries by the end of the war, over 6 million the war, over 6 million were womenwere women

At first, people were At first, people were reluctant to hire women; reluctant to hire women; didn’t think they could didn’t think they could handle factory workhandle factory work

However, women However, women became widely sought became widely sought after, since they worked after, since they worked for less money than menfor less money than men

Scientists and the Manhattan Scientists and the Manhattan ProjectProject

President Roosevelt created President Roosevelt created the Office of Scientific the Office of Scientific Research and Development Research and Development to research new to research new technologiestechnologies RadarRadar SonarSonar PenicillinPenicillin

Most significant Most significant achievement was achievement was developing the atomic developing the atomic bombbomb

Albert Einstein helped Albert Einstein helped design this weapon that design this weapon that would help win the warwould help win the war

The Federal Government Takes The Federal Government Takes ControlControl

Fewer consumer products were Fewer consumer products were available as the war went on; most available as the war went on; most production was for the warproduction was for the war

Prices started to creep upwards Prices started to creep upwards because of low supplybecause of low supply

Federal government stepped in; froze Federal government stepped in; froze prices on most consumer goodsprices on most consumer goods

War BondsWar Bonds

Americans were Americans were encouraged to encouraged to purchase war bondspurchase war bonds

War bonds were loans War bonds were loans bought by citizensbought by citizens

Government got Government got money to support the money to support the war, and Americans war, and Americans would get paid back would get paid back that money with that money with interest after the warinterest after the war

War Goods DrivesWar Goods Drives

War Production War Production Board planned Board planned drives for many drives for many goods needed in goods needed in the war – scrap the war – scrap iron, tin cans, iron, tin cans, paper, rags, and paper, rags, and cooking fatcooking fat

Children were sent Children were sent out scouring for out scouring for these materialsthese materials

RationingRationing

The federal government The federal government began to restrict the amounts began to restrict the amounts of certain goods that people of certain goods that people could buycould buy

Ration books were issued, Ration books were issued, with coupons that allowed with coupons that allowed families to buy certain goods, families to buy certain goods, but limited how much they but limited how much they could buycould buy

Meat, shoes, sugar, coffee, Meat, shoes, sugar, coffee, and gasoline were rationedand gasoline were rationed

Gas rationing was particularly Gas rationing was particularly hard on some peoplehard on some people

This was used to free up This was used to free up materials for the war effortmaterials for the war effort

Main Idea, Big Questions, Main Idea, Big Questions, and Objectivesand Objectives

Main Idea: In order to win World War II, the Main Idea: In order to win World War II, the United States government took direct United States government took direct control over industry, the economy, and control over industry, the economy, and many aspects of daily life. This was many aspects of daily life. This was known as known as mobilizationmobilization..

Big question: What would you be willing to Big question: What would you be willing to sacrifice or do to protect your country?sacrifice or do to protect your country?

After this section, we should be able to:After this section, we should be able to: Describe the sacrifices of the American Describe the sacrifices of the American

people during the war effortpeople during the war effort Examine the impact of racism on the Examine the impact of racism on the

American war effort and societyAmerican war effort and society

Wrap-upWrap-up

So…So… One of the sacrifices that the One of the sacrifices that the

American people made to assist in American people made to assist in the war effort was…the war effort was…

One of the ways that racism One of the ways that racism impacted the war effort for the impacted the war effort for the United States was…United States was…