Mod 1

Useful ConceptsInformation goods and Review of some economic concepts.

Lecture 1

Information (Knowledge)Goods

All products contain some degree of information.It is generally believed, and probably true, that modern products contain a higher degree of information and smaller component of physical inputs than older products.The Internet Economy is particularly suited to the transmission of information goods.

Some Useful Economic Concepts

ElasticityPrice DiscriminationPublic (Information) GoodsReproducing Information GoodsNatural Monopoly

Price Elasticity Of Demand

def: percentage change in quantity divided by percentage change in price(Q/Q)/(P/P) or (Q/P) (P/Q)measure of responsiveness

If Elasticity is >1 known as elastic (responsive customers)

If Elasticity is =1 ; unit elastic

If Elasticity is

Illustrations of elasticity

D with infinite elasticity

D with zero elasticity

P

Q

Elasticity and TR

When elasticity is greater than 1 (elastic) increases in price lead to decreases in revenue and vice-versaWhen elasticity is equal to 1, changes in price lead to no change in revenuesWhen elasticity is less than 1 (inelastic) increases in price lead to increases in revenue.

Implications of Elasticity

If Elasticity is 1 firm can not necessarily increase its profits by a change in price.Thus firms that maximize profits must have elasticities >1.Example of VideoTape Sales Demonstrates Importance of knowing elasticity.

Why is Windows so Cheap?

Elasticity indicates that Windows is grossly underpriced relative to short run monopoly price.

Consumer and Producer Surplus

Consumer surplus is the difference between the price paid and the higher price that consumers would have been willing to pay for the product.Producer surplus is the difference between the payment received and the minimum payment that producers would have accepted.

P1

Pe

1

2

CS = 1 PS = 2

Qe

Consumer and Producer Surplus

Q1

4

3

DWL = 3+4

Monopoly Vs. Competition

Monopoly versus competition (smaller q, higher p)Imposing a tax on a monopolist similar to competition in that producer still bears part of it.Price controls and monopoly ...a case where controls may increase efficiency.Price discrimination.The tradeoff associated with patents and copyright - deadweight loss in consumption versus possible new products.

Monopoly charges higher price, produces smaller quantity.
Monopoly causes Deadweight Loss 1+2. Area 3+4 is transfer to producer from consumer

S

MR

D

Pc

Qc

Pm

Qm

1

2

3

4

MC

Natural Monopoly

Downward sloping AC curve.More efficient to have 1 large firm than many small firms.Rate of return regulation is how we regulate these firms.Removes incentive to keep costs down.

Natural Monopoly

AC

Pr

Qr

MC

QE

D

MR

PE

Losses with efficient output

Pm

Qm

Unregulated Profit

Lecture 2

Price Discrimination

PerfectTwo or More MarketsBundling and Block BookingVersioning

Perfect Price Discrimination

Theoretical ideal. Cannot be fully achieved.Find maximum price that every consumer is willing to pay and charge them that price.Requires more information than any firm has, and the prevention of arbitrage.Demand Curve becomes MR curve.No Deadweight Loss.Approximate examples: automobile dealers, doctors in the old days.

Perfect Price Discrimination.

S

P6

P3

P1

D

Qo

Declining Price Schedule

Also true for all-or-nothing pricing.

Price Discrimination - 2 or more Markets

If markets for a single product have different MRs, profits can be increased by shifting output from low MR markets to high MR markets.Raise price in low MR market and lower price in high MR market.High MR market is high elasticity market.Need to Prevent Arbitrage.Examples: Airlines with business travelers and vacationers. Coupons.

price before discrimination

mr1

mr2

MR

D

mr

Market 1

Market 2

Q1

Q2

P1

P2

D

MR

Price Discrimination Rules

Raise price in market with lower elasticity (lower responsiveness)Lower price in market with higher elasticity.Do this until MRs are equalized. But prices will not be equalized.Examples: Airlines with business travelers and vacationers.

Price Discrimination Law

Illegal if it gives some firm an advantage over other firms.If individuals are consumers, is not illegal.Price Discrimination is not likely to harm efficiency. Perfect Price discrimination is perfectly efficient.Intention of this rule was to protect mom-and-pop stores and grocers from department stores and supermarkets. It was intended to reduce competition.

Examples of Price Discrimination

Airline Tickets (Business and Vacationers)Movies (adults, children, seniors)Stamps, CouponsPredictable Sales

Versioning

Providing different models of product with differing capabilities.Can be used to achieve price discrimination, but also might just better meet consumer demands.Artificial creation of Problem: avoiding cannibalization of higher end product line.

Versioning Examples

lite versions of software with reduced functionality.Putting identical chips in high and low powered calculators.PC Junior

Lecture 3

Bundling (Block Booking)

Two or more products that are sold as a package.Related to Tie-Ins but differs in that bundling is not contractual. That is, when you buy the bundle your purchase is finished. A tie-in is a contract where you agree to buy any of product X that you use, from a particular vendor. But you need not buy X at all. Example: if you buy a photocopy machine from me, you also need to purchase any toner that you need from me as well.

When Bundling Works Best

Successful Bundling Makes Demand More Homogeneous

Qx

Px

Py

Qy

Px+y

Qx+y

Advantage of a Bundle

The Matrix

Green Tomatoes

X

Y

2000

1900

1300

1200

Bundle

3200

3200

2 x 1300

2 x 1200

5000

6400

Mod 2

Information Goods

Public Goods

Definition: Goods that do not get used up when consumed. In other words, one persons consumption of a good doesnt reduce anyone elses potential consumption of the same good.Examples: Ideas, television broadcasts, national defense.Obviously, these are not physical items that get used up. Instead they are usually ideas and artistic expressions.They are at the core of the Information Age Economy, since information is a public good.The Demand for Public Goods is the vertical sum of individual demands.

Public Goods (cont.)

Some definitions of Public Goods claim that consumers can not be excluded from using them. Known as Non-excludability.Some Public Goods, such as broadcasting, or national defense, appear to have this characteristic.This misses the point. Any product for which consumers can not be excluded from using, e.g., apples, will give producers no incentive to produce.

Vertical Addition of Demands

Q

Q1

D

D3

D2

D1

P1

P3

P2

P4

Public Goods

Book titles can be thought of as public goods, but the physical copies of a single book title are private goods that embody a public good. Several questions arise: how many titles are optimal to publish? How many copies of each title would be optimal? How do competitive markets work? Monopolies? Finally, is it possible to produce public goods efficiently?

In principle, a perfectly discriminating monopolist can produce efficient amount of public good.

Q

Q1

Q2

D

P1

P3

P2

P4

S

Lecture 4

The Market for a Title

Reproductions of a single Title are Private GoodsSeller of the Reproductions can not appropriate the entire potential value of the reproductions since he is not a perfect price discriminator.With a single price for the reproductions, too few reproductions are produced (Q*-Qm). One component of lack or appropriation (area 7 in figure).Consumers of the reproductions get surplus, which is another loss of appropriation for the reproduction seller. (1+2 in figure)

Production of a Single book title

number of copies of a title

MC of printing

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Pm

Qm

MR

D

Q*

Market for Titles

Because appropriability for reproductions of any title is imperfect, the sellers of titles can not achieve the vertical sum of demands (perfect discrimination demand in next figure).Instead, the best the sellers can do is some distance below the vertical sum of individual demands (attainable demand curve in the next figure).This leads to too few titles being produced relative to the ideal.

number of titles written

MC of writing another title

Pm

Qm

Perf Discrimination Demand for titles

Q*

Market Demand for Titles

Attainable Demand for titles

Q**

Copyright Tradeoffs

This leads to two tradeoffs: Under-consumption of individual titles.Underproduction of titles.This same tradeoff exists in Copyright.Copyright exists to give creators of artistic works the ability to generate revenues.The theory is that without copyright, competition in selling reproductions of a title would drive the price down to the marginal cost of producing a reproduction. Competition would also drive the (economic) profits down to zero, leaving no money with which publishers can pay the author.

Copyright Tradeoffs

It isnt clear, however, that competition leaves no payment for the author.Arnold Plant argued that being first gave enough of a head start that sufficient profits could be earned to allow authors to receive optimal remuneration. (Ex. English authors in the US market).The lead from being first is, with current technology, unlikely to allow much profit.

Optimal Copyright

The figure on the next page illustrates optimal duration of copyright.It contrasts the gains from lengthier copyright (the value of additional works created) against the harms (unnecessary loss of consumer surplus)

Patent (copyright) tradeoff

With no protection, creators do not reap much of the rewards of their creations.They are given monopoly protection, which increases their revenues, but raises price to consumers.This increases the number of inventions, but decreases the use of each invention?We do not know the optimal tradeoff.

Lecture 5

Fair Use

There is in the law an attempt to balance the interests of copyright holders and those of users.Fair use is a defense to copyright infringement. It allows copying in instances when the copying appears not to be hurting the copyright owners revenues.Betamax Case said home videotaping was fair use, and thus home videotaping was allowed.

Fair Use

4 factorsAmount of the copyright product that is copied.Nature of the Copyright product (commercial versus academic or scholarly.Nature of the use of the copied productImpact on the revenues of the copyright holder.Last factor is the most important.

Indirect Appropriability

Basic Idea: Producer Can Generate Revenues from those making unauthorized copies.Consumers who make duplicates are willing to pay more for originals since the get value from making duplicates. Producer can charge more for originals, thus indirectly appropriating some of the value in the copies.

Diagram of Copying Impact

D

V

D

H

Q

P

Copying Outlawed

D

H

Q

P

Diagram of Copying Impact

Impact of Piracy

Although we dont know whether copyright currently has a duration that is too large or too small, we still have to deal with piracy.Example of having all purchasers of CDs make a cassette for their automobile is an example where copying causes no harm, and may even be beneficial, depending on whether these individuals would have purchased a second CD or prerecorded cassette.

Evidence on Price Discrimination and Indirect Appropriability

Dependent variable

Constant

Cites

Non-Profit Dummy

Age of Journal

R-square

Plib/PInd

1.29

.0065 [1.99]

.65 [4.14]

.17 n=80

Plib/PInd

1.38

.0071 [2.14]

.578 [3.36]

-.16 [1.01]

.17

Continued

Libraries that:

1959

1983

Price Discriminate

3

59

Dont Price Discriminate

35

21

Ratio of Book to Journal Expenditures, US Academic Libraries

1941

3.02

1961

3.19

1975

1.70

1944

3.41

1965

3.36

1977

1.54

1946

3.13

1968

3.67

1979

1.26

1950

3.01

1971

2.96

1981

1.13

1959

2.46

1973

1.96

Application to Napster

Can indirect appropriability work in Napster-like environment?Problem: large variability in the number of copies made from each originalProblem: identifying at time of sale which originals are going to be duplicated.Large scale copying will harm copyright owners significantly.

Newer Issues

Automatic Rights MechanismsCopyright owner can imbed code into software that will monitor use and charge accordingly. It can also prevent copying.Question: Is this protection too strong? Fair use seems like it would disappear. Copyright owner can now costlessly collect revenues from users.

Lecture 6

Mod 3

Network Goods

Network Effects

Increased market size makes product more valuable to consumers.This is just like an economy of scale in that it benefits large firms relative to small ones. Leads to natural monopoly.It implies that demand increases for large networks, and that prices should rise.In Microsoft case, judge decided that they are a barrier to entry.

Network Effects

Definition: a product becomes more valuable to a consumer the more other consumers there are of the product.Virtually identical theoretically to economies of scale Markets will tend toward monopoly, winner-take-all result (in simple world).Example: Fax machines, some software, languages, online networks, computer standards,.Literal networks (physical connections, e.g., fax machines) and Virtual Networks (e.g., software)

Characteristics of Information Markets

Bigger is better, large firms (standards) have advantages over smaller firms (standards).Economies of Scale: large fixed costsNetwork Effects Definition: a product becomes more valuable to a consumer the more other consumers there are of the product.Instant scalability: the ability to increase output extremely quickly. Not the same as zero marginal cost.If these effects are not exhaustible, we have natural monopoly, which used to be thought to require government regulation.

A group of economists associated with a theory, call it the path dependence school, have been negligent in testing their theories. when put to the test, the theories don't seem to have any validity. Unfortunately, this flawed methodology is being used by the government in its antitrust case, where economic evidence also seems to be irrelevant.

Potential Problems Due to Network Effects

Traditional Problem: Network is the wrong size. Old fashioned negative externality.New Problem: Getting stuck with the wrong networki.e., lock-in.

Effects versus Externalities

Where we have positive externalities, activity is too small (golf courses, research?). Where we have negative externalities, activity is too big (e.g., air pollution, traffic).One key element is whether external effects are internalized, or whether they are truly externalities.

Tragedy of the Commons

Example of Negative Externality.Common Property Resource lake, forest, any productive resource that allows free use.The tragedy is that the resource is overused.Greater tragedy is that it is overused to the point where its entire value might be dissipated.

Fishermen on Lake

Sheet1FishermenFish per FishermanTotal CatchMarginal Catch1101029188382464728456302653007428-2Sheet2Sheet3

Illustrating Overuse

Sheet1FishermenFish per FishermanTotal CatchMarginal CatchOpportunity CostNet Value1101064291881263824618647284244563023006530036-67428-242-14Sheet2Sheet3

Lock-in

Claim: Markets do not adopt best products even when it is efficient to do so.QWERTY, VHS-Beta are most common purported examples.Story is one of coordination failure.We all prefer Beta. But VHS dominates, and most movies are on VHS. Since we think that everyone else will get VHS, we get VHS too.My work with Margolis has shown the key examples of lock-in to be false.

Lock-in Table

Technology B Wins although Technology A is better.

Assumption about different slopes? What does it really entail, and is it reasonable?

Qwerty Story

Most famous case; simple to identify quality (speed of typing)Consistent with chaos theories of unpredictable small events leading to big outcomes.Usual Story:Qwerty Keyboard was designed to slow down typing to keep keys from getting stuck. In a famous typing contest in Cincinnati, pitting touch typist against hunt-and-peck the touch typist used a Qwerty and won. This is the small accident leading to big outcomes, since people then associated Qwerty with speed.Prof Dvorak designed a keyboard to speed things up in 1930s. During WWII Navy tested new keyboard and found that speed increased 40% and cost of retraining was recouped within 10 days of completed switch.Keyboard never adopted. End of war reduced Navys need for fast typists.

Qwerty Story

Actual Story No evidence that Qwerty Keyboard was designed to slow down typing speed, and it wasnt necessary to keep keys from getting stuck.There were many other typing contest pitting touch typist against other touch typists on different keyboards and Qwerty won many of these. The point is that the Cincinnati contest was not crucial.A highly publicized 1954 test of the Dvorak keyboard by the General Services Administration found no advantage in switching to Dvorak.The WWII Navy study was biased in the way it calculated it results. All the biases were in favor of Dvorak. It also appears that the author of the study was probably Dr. Dvorak, the designer and patent holder of the keyboard.Ergonomics studies on keyboard design confirm that Qwerty is a good design and not much different than Dvorak in terms of speed

Beta-VHS Story

Claim Story .Ergonomics studies on keyboard design confirm that Qwerty is a good design and not much different than Dvorak in terms of speed

Other Stories

Quadraphonic soundRailroad gaugesMacintosh versus dosInternal combustion engineMetric versus English measurementStereo AMAC versus DC

Network Effects

Increased market size makes product more valuable to consumers.This is just like an economy of scale in that it benefits large firms relative to small ones. Leads to natural monopoly.It implies that demand increases for large networks, and that prices should rise.In Microsoft case, judge decided that they are a barrier to entry.

Lecture 7

Business Applications

Should a firm have internal charges when one division helps another (e.g. technical support)?Network Effects (again).

Midterm, meeting 7Lecture 8

Measuring Network Effects

Several attempts:Gandal examined spreadsheet prices.Examined whether Lotus file compatibility and ability to link to external databases were characteristics that led to higher prices.Brynjolfsson and Kemerer examined spreadsheet pricesExamined whether Lotus menu structure and installed based lead to higher prices.Literal networks: fax machines (Saloner and Shepard).

Network Effects and Software

Standard Claims:Winner-takes-all.Market should gravitate toward a single winner.Note that instant scalability can also lead to winner-take-all type of result since market can follow preferences of consumers more strongly than would be typical.Lock-In: Network effects presumably strengthen monopoly of leader.Superior challengers can replace leader with built in network effects until difference in quality becomesTipping: At some point network effects support one firm or product so strongly that it becomes the standard and takes the market.

Quick answers :

Product quality is key to success.Inferior products lose market share amazingly rapidly. Success seems to come only to the #1 product. Price plays only a small role.Evidence to support winner-take-all claimsNo evidence to support lock-in. In fact, quite the opposite.Products deemed better seem to quickly replace inferior products.No evidence of a tipping point.

What has led to Software Success?

The same factor that causes success in software markets in general.

Product Quality

Measured by Magazine Reviews. We count wins and measure ratings.

Chart1198719871987198819881988198919891989199019901990199119911991199219921992199319931993199419941994199519951995199619961996199719971997ExcelQuattroLotusFigure 8.7: Spreadsheet Wins100100211010400540220720200100300raw dataProgram$ /$upg.DatePublicationOverall RatingEditors' ChoiceQuotes/CommentsExcelqp (wingzLotusotherQuattro Pro 8Feb-98PC World6.9p 143. "Microsoft Excel gets our nod thanks to its detailed analysis tools, near flawless formatting, and customizability."Lotus 1-2-3 '97Feb-98*EXHIBIT 1*7.5Excel '97Feb-988.81Excel 97Aug-97pc computingfirstyes1Quattro Pro 8Aug-97pc computingsecondLotus 1-2-3Aug-97pc computingthirdQuattro Pro 7.0Jul-97P C WorldMicrosoft Excel '97, Runner-Up Quattro Pro 7.01Excel '97Jul-97P C WorldYESTHE BEST PRODUCTS OF 1997' James A. Martin p. 123Lotus 1-2-3 '97399/149Mar-97PC Worldp. 168. "for power spreadsheet users, it's still no match for Excel"Lotus 1-2-3 "97 Beta329/1052/18/97PC MagazineGoodp 156. "team computing commands are unnecessarily complex"Excel '97340/1102/18/97* EXHIBIT 2*ExcellentYesp 156. "clearly the most richly endowed spreadsheet that you can purchase"1Corel Quattro Pro 799.95/49.952/18/97PC MagazineGoodp 155."serious omissions in workgroup support"Excel '97Feb-97PC Worldp. 110 Features and benefits only1997300Excel 97Dec-96Byte4.5ByteBestExcel is the "most complete and best-implemented features" p. 1521Quattro Pro 7$99Dec-96Byte3.51-2-3 for '97$329Dec-96Byte3.5"The Spreadsheet War, Revived" - Richard Crawford p. 149Lotus SmartSuite for Windows '95399/199May-96PC Worldp 166."Lotus has neglected the fundamental improvements that would give users a compelling reason to upgrade. The fact is Excel 7.0 surpasses 1-2-3 in most areas."1996100Microsoft Excel 7.0Oct-95P C World'A Total of One' Richard Scoville p. 151 "a good solid upgrade"ExcelMay-95ByteyesREADERS' CHOICE AWARDS, Best Spreadsheet Windows-Excel, Best Spreadsheet Mac- Excel1Microsoft Excel 5.01/10/95PC Magazine"Best of 1994"yesp113. "What sets Excel apart is the depth and intelligence with which its features have been implemented"11995200Quattro Pro 5.0 for Windows10/25/94PC MagazineDoes this review have numerical assessments of various aspects?Ms Excel 5.010/25/94PC Magazine*EXHIBIT 3*Yesp 181. "has a level of usability that its competitors have yet to attain."1Lotus 1-2-3 5.0 for Windows10/25/94PC MagazineLotus 1-2-3 Release 4 for DOS49510/11/94PC Magazine"First Looks" p.42 Craig Stinson-"does a good job of mimicking the look and feel of Windows applications"Lotus 1-2-3 for Windows Release 5.04959/27/94PC Magazine"First Look" -Craig Stinson p 37. " Lotus adds a new dimension to spreadsheet work by integrating maps into the $495.00 Lotus 1-2-3 for Windows,Release 5.0"1-2-3 Rel 5.0 WinAug-94P C World'Test Drive' - "not much new here"Lotus 1-2-3Jul-94ByteDavid Gasteiger p 37. "1-2-3 proves DOS isn't dead" "more features than Quattro Pro"Excel 5.0Jul-94P C WorldYESBest Products of 1994 p. 120 Bronwyn Fryer Microsoft Excel 5.01Jul-94PC MagazineSatisfactionSupport1Quattro Pro for WindowsJul-94PC Magazine8.98.2"The Perfect PC: How Readers Rated the Software"Microsoft ExcelJul-94PC Magazine8.88.0Quattro Pro for DOSJul-94PC Magazine8.68.1Lotus 1-2-3 for WindowsJul-94PC Magazine8.47.9Lotus 1-2-3 for OS/2Jul-94PC Magazine8.28.4Lotus 1-2-3 for DOSJul-94PC Magazine8.17.6SuperCalcJul-94PC Magazine7.87.4ExcelJun-94ByteyesREADERS' CHOICE AWARDS, Best Spreadsheet Windows-Excel, Best Spreadsheet Mac- Excel1Quattro Pro WinJun-94ByteLotus 1-2-3 WindowsJun-94ByteExcel 5.02/28/94INFOWORLD8p. 56 Reviews - Windows Spreadsheets11-2-3 v 4.012/28/94INFOWORLD6.8QuattroPro 5.02/28/94INFOWORLD6.7Quattro Pro for Windows,Version 5.02/8/94PC Magazine0.9791666667"Suite Deals- Windows Applications Suites" Michael J. MillerLotus 1-2-3 for Windows, Release 4.012/8/94PC Magazine0.875p 139. " All of these products are heavy-weights, but one -Excel 5.0- stands out for richness of features and ease of use. Excel 5.0 shines, also, in it support for OLE 2.0, its list management services and its simpler and richer charting module."1Microsoft Excel Version 5.0 Beta2/8/94PC Magazine0.9791666667Quattro Pro5.0 WinFeb-94P C WorldBEST BUYS- Excel 5.0 and Quattro Pro 5.0 for Windows11Excel 5.0Feb-94P C World'Windows Spreadsheets' p150 John Walkenbach1-2-3 for WindowsFeb-94P C World"Excel is clearly the most robust spreadsheet program available" p 152 "data manipulation options in 1-2-3 are extremely limited" p. 153 " Quattro Pro for DOS is the best choice for DOS spreadsheets" p. 156Quattro Pro for Windows Version 5.01/11/94PC MagazineYes* no Excel"Created in less than 1 years' time, eliminates most of the weaknesses of Version 1.0 (its predecessor) and added lots of new technology throughout the program"Lotus 1-2-3 for DOS,Release 3.4a1/11/94PC Magazine"Less is More- Spreadsheet Software" p 189.Lotus 1-2-3 for OS/2,Release 2.01/11/94PC MagazineLotus 1-2-3 for Windows, Release 4.011/11/94PC MagazineQuattro Pro for DOS1/11/94PC Magazine[Microsoft missed release date for 5.0, so not included]1/11/94PC MagazineExcel 5.0Jan-94ByteYESAWARDS OF EXCELLENCE - Excel 5.011-2-3 Rel 4 DOS$350/$100Jan-94P C WorldLacks features found in the Windows version, for a novice user or Windows-phobe.1994720Excel 5.0Nov-93ByteTop marks for Excel 5.0QuattroPro Win 5$99.9511/1/93INFOWORLD7.1p 82 John Walkenbach "QuattroPro Takes on Market Leaders", Excellent Value, Output Speed Very Good, Tech Support- Satisfactory1-2-3 Win 4$49511/1/93INFOWORLD7.8QuattroPro for DOS$99.9511/1/93INFOWORLD5.21-2-3 /DOS Rel 3.4$49511/1/93INFOWORLD5.5MARRIAGENov-93Borland and Word Perfect Join November '93Quattro Pro for WinOct-93Byte"Good, but lacks the integration of Excel"1-2-3 Rel 48/23/93INFOWORLDSCORE - 7.8p. 75 John Walkenbach "1-2-3 for Windows Hits Stride with Release 4" "still slower than Excel"Quattro Pro 58/23/93INFOWORLDp. 1 Shawn Willet & Doug Barney - "Borland to ship Quattro Pro 5 without the Lotus 'macro-reader' - due to court order"Lotus 1-2-3, Release 4495/129Aug-93PC Magazine"First Looks" p 37. Craig Stinson- "a complete overhaul of Lotus' Windows spreadsheet featuring a superb scenario manager, simplified database management, and top to bottom improvement in the user interface"Excel 5.06/21/93INFOWORLDp. 3 Doug Barney - "Excel 5 will emulate Improv's 3-D Feature"1-2-3 4.0 for WinJun-93P C WorldTop Marks1-2-3 Rel 4.0$4955/24/93INFOWORLDp. 172 Kevin Strehlo "Lotus Significantly Improves Usability in 1-2-3 Rel 4"Lotus 1-2-3 Rel 4.05/17/93INFOWORLDp. 47 Doug Barney - "1-2-3 Rel 4.0 is luring some but not all users to Lotus."1-2-3 Release 3.4May-93ByteSoftware Reviews - Nicholas John Delonas p 209 "1-2-3 Release 3.4 for DOS adds more features, but runs slower"Quattro Pro for Windows Version 1.04951/12/93PC MagazineYES"The Best of 1992" p 148 Craig Stinson- "In 1992 Borland International provided patient users with a brilliantly designed three-dimensional spreadsheet program." "Quattro Pro for Windows became the first spreadsheet to make three dimensional modeling an a1Excel 4.0Jan-93P C WorldYES'The Windows Spreadsheet Challenge' p. 146 Richard Scoville and Steve Adams- Excel 4.0 and Quattro Pro for Windows 1.0 - BEST BUYS11Quattro Pro for WinJan-93P C WorldYES1-2-3 Windows 1.1Jan-93P C WorldExcel 4.0Jan-93ByteYESEditors' Choice Award1220Quattro Pro1.0 WinDec-92ByteWINDOWS GUIDE '92- "Spreadsheets Under Scrutiny" p.70 Nicholas Delonas "Quattro Pro is slightly better than Excel" p. 801Excel 4.0Dec-92Byte1-2-3 for Win 1.1Dec-92Byte1-2-3 Rel 3.4$59511/23/92INFOWORLDp. 1 Doug Barney Lotus shipping 1-2-3 Rel 3.4, runs 25% faster than previous versionCA SuperCalc Version 5.5 -$14911/10/92PC Magazine7.5"The New Spreadsheets" p 111.Craig Stinson "two superb Windows spreadsheets, each with its own personality and distinctive strengths. Microsoft Excel 4.0 is the analysts' choice, while Borland International's Quattro Pro for Windows 1.0 gets the nod in eaInstaCalc, Version 4.0 -$4911/10/92PC Magazine3.75Lotus 1-2-3 for DOS, Release 2.4 -$49511/10/92PC Magazine5.42Lotus 1-2-3 for Windows, Release 1.1 -$49511/10/92PC Magazine7.92Lucid 3-D, Version 2.5 -$99.9511/10/92PC Magazine3.75Microsoft Excel, Version 4.0 -$49511/10/92PC Magazine10.00YesQuattro Pro, Version 4.0 -$49511/10/92PC Magazine8.33Quattro Pro for Windows, Version 1.0 -$49511/10/92PC Magazine9.17Yes11Excel 4.0$49510/12/92INFOWORLD6.9p. 105 'Spreadshee Testing' John Walkenbach1Quattro Pro Win1.1$49510/12/92INFOWORLD6.51-2-3 V 1.1$49510/12/92INFOWORLD5.81-2-3 Version 3.19/23/92INFOWORLDQuattro Pro for Win$4959/23/92INFOWORLDp. 15 Doug Barney - "1-2-3 Version 3.1 does not have the performance of Quattro Pro"Spreadsheet Article9/14/92INFOWORLDp. 4 Stewart Alsop - "Deep price cuts on 1-2-3 for Windows changing its sales and pricing strategy" "Excel already judged by us and others to be the standard of comparison in spreadsheet design."1Excel 4.0 for Mac$4959/7/92INFORWORLDSCORE - 9.2p. 77 John Walkenbach "Excel 4.0 for Macintosh has the look and feel of Windows." "consistency benefits offices running both platforms"* *Sep-92LOTUS - BORLAND COURT RULING1-2-3 for Win 1.1$5958/3/92INFOWORLDSCORE -6.6p. 78 John Walkenbach - "functionality closer to Excel 4.0" "adds smarticon feature for mouse users, slower than Excel" - Now Part of SmartSuite-Excel 4.0Jul-92Byte"Battle of the Super Spreadsheets" p. 40 Kenneth Sheldon1Quattro Pro,1.0 WinJul-92Byte"Excel is still the Superman of spreadsheets, but Quattro Pro's features make it a worth challenger"Lotus 1-2-36/16/92PC Magazine"Software Satisfaction and Support Survey" - SpreadsheetsQuattro Pro6/16/92PC Magazinep 296. Brad Grimes- "Borland's Quattro Pro garnered the highest score for overall satisfaction in our survey of spread sheet users" "Not far behing was Micosoft Excel for Windows" which "far outshone Lotus 1-2-3 for Windows in overall satisfaction"1Windows Excel6/16/92PC MagazineExcel for MacJun-92ByteyesTHE 1992 READERS' CHOICE AWARDS - Michael Nadeau p. 121 Spreadsheet of the Year, Excel for Mac and for DOS/Windows -Quattro Pro 3.01Quattro Pro 3.0Jun-92ByteyesExcel 4.04/27/92INFOWORLDSCORE- 9.3p. 74 John Walkenbach, "if you want the best spreadsheet available, look no further than Excel 4.0"Quattro Pro 4.04/6/92INFOWORLDSCORE- 7.3P. 117 John Walkenbach, "Quattro Pro 4.0 is the Ideal DOS Spreadsheet" "surpasses DOS based versions of 1-2-3 in every area" "functions are a superset of those found in 1-2-3."Excel 4.0Apr-92P C World'Software Shelf' - Best Spreadsheet- Ever1Excel 4.03/23/92INFOWORLDFirst Look p 124. John Walkenbach, "no current spreadsheet can match it analytical capability" "I don't expect Quattro Pro for Windows or the new version of 1-2-3 for Windows to come close"!-2-3 1.0a2/17/92INFOWORLDp 1. Lafe Low, Upgrade for 1-2-3 1.0, Lotus CEO Jim Manzi "admitted that Lotus stubbed its toe on 1-2-3,Win 1.0" stated that Lotus sold $50m worth of 1-2-3W in first three months- Release of SmartSuite Mid '92Quattro Pro 4.01/27/92INFOWORLDp. 1 Raphael Needleman, "Quattro Pro 4 for DOS is more powerful and easier to use than 1-2-3."540C-A SuperCalc, Version 5.1 $14912/31/91PC Magazine6.25"8th Annual Awards for Technical Excellence"InstaCalc, Version 3.0 - $4912/31/91PC Magazine3.75"Spreadsheets Begin to Put the User First" p 241. CraigLotus 1-2-3 for DOS, Release 2.3 -$49549512/31/91PC Magazine6.25Stinson - "Excel includes the most extensive set of features the most comprehensive development language, and the broadest array of publishing features available" " chief failing is lack of 1-2-3 compatibility"Lotus 1-2-3 for DOS, Release 3.1 Plus -$59559512/31/91PC Magazine7.92Lotus 1-2-3 for Windows - $59559512/31/91PC Magazine7.92Lucid 3-D $49.945012/31/91PC Magazine4.17Microsoft Excel, Version 3.0 -$49549512/31/91PC Magazine8.75Yes1Plan Perfect, Version 5.1 $39539512/31/91PC Magazine5.83Quattro Pro, Version 3.01-$49549512/31/91PC Magazine7.5Wingz, Version 1.1a -$499 (Informix)49912/31/91PC Magazine6.25Lotus 1-2-3 for Windows,Rel 1.010/29/91PC Magazine"First Looks" Craig Stinson p.35 (Replicates functions of DOS 3.1Version) "Short on Innovation" "Use of Windows is minimal, unconventional on screen and buggy" p.36-"lost a lot of its market share to Microsoft Excel and Borland in the last 12 months."Quattro Pro 3.0Sep-91ByteJohn Pepper p. 279 Lotus is faster. Author's Choice is Quattro Pro for "a more appealing feature set"Lotus 1-2-3 Rel 2.3Sep-91ByteExcel 3.0$495Sep-91P C WorldYES'Spreadsheets: Beyond Number Crunching" Richard Scoville p. 171 Excel 3.0 BEST BUY - "impressive features but the real story is an 'utterly intuitive interface'". p. 1771Quattro Pro 3.0$495Sep-91P C World1-2-3 Rel 2.3,3.1$495/$595Sep-91P C WorldSuperCalc5$149Sep-91P C WorldWingz 1.1A$499Sep-91P C WorldLotus 1-2-3 Release 2.3 and Release 3.1Jul-91PC Magazine"First Looks" -Craig Stinson p.35 "Release 2.3 remains weak in file-linking" p.42SCOREJun-91ByteSUPPLEMENT National Software Testing Laborotories p 171Excel 3.0Jun-91Byte8.91Quattro Pro 2Jun-91Byte8.41-2-3 Rel 3.1Jun-91Byte7.2Wingz for WindowsJun-91Byte6.2SuperCalc5 5DJun-91Byte5.5PlanPerfect 5.1Jun-91Byte4.8ProCube 3DJun-91Byte3.8Excel Rel 3.04/16/91PC Magazine"First Looks" Craig Stinson p.33 "With this upgrade, Microsoft has regained the right to claim the most ad-vanced and easiest-to-use spreadsheet. Now the ball is back in Lotus's and Borland's court."p.351Lotus 1-2-3 Rel 3.12/12/91PC Magazinep. 219-Craig Stinson 'Graphic Improvements- Addition of WYSIWYG' - "functionality is added onto, rather than built into, 1-2-3." p.232. "Wysiwyg alone doesn't constitute a compelling reason to upgrade." p. 232Excel 3.0 for Mac, Windows, OS/2$495Feb-91Byte"New Extra's for Excel" Andrew Reinhardt p. 136 "unassailability of vision" p. 138, HIGHLY RECOMMEND400Dec-90ByteARTICLE " Ten Years of Rows and Columns"- AttachedLotus 1-2-3 Rel 3.1$59511/13/90PC MagazineFirst Looks p. 33 Runs in Windows "Safe" mode. "text handling and printing options are richer than Quattro Pro's and its ability to integrate graphs and worksheet data gives it a leg up on Microsoft Excel." p34Quattro Pro 2.0Nov-90ByteAndrew Reinhardt p. 156 "Quattro Pro is probably your best answer" p. 157 DOSExcel10/11/90PC Magazine"First Looks" p 33. Craig Stinson "new Macintosh spreadsheet, just introduced for Windows and OS/2 markets is the most graphical of all spreadsheets." "least compatible of major spreadsheet programs" "charting options unparalleled" "comes up short in theLotus IMPROVOct-90ByteTom Yager 1-2-3 for NEXT Computer, "impressive"1-2-3 Rel 3.1Sep-90P C WorldRobert Lauriston - not a valuable upgrade1-2-3/G OS/2Sep-90Byte" G Is for Graphics " Stanford Diehl p. 182 "niche product" Graphic user interface slows processing1-2-3/GAug-90PC MagazineAdds Solver, Backsolver, and Linear Programming Module p. 363 Craig Stinson "if only it ran on Windows"1-2-3 /G6/12/90PC Magazine"First Looks" p.33 Craig Stinson " 1-2-3/G has the solver and for the moment, at least, that puts Excel in a catch-up position" p 36 Slow Processing SpeedFull Impact 2.0$295Jun-90ByteOwen Linderholm p. 120 - O K productQuattro Pro v. 1.0$495Apr-90Personal ComputingJoseph Devlin p. 145 "head and shoulders above Lotus" "requires add-ins to get Lotus to this level"Quattro Pro 1.0Apr-90P C World'Seven Sensible Spreadsheets' Richard Scoville p. 116 Quattro Pro 1.0 BEST BUY- "determined to do 1-2-3 2.2 better in every critical area, and it achieves that goal in spades." p. 1191-2-3 2.2Apr-90P C WorldLucid 3-DApr-90P C WorldPlan Perfect 5.0Apr-90P C WorldSmartWare II 1.01Apr-90P C WorldSuperCalc5 Rev CApr-90P C WorldTwin Level IIIApr-90P C WorldExcel for OS/2$495Mar-90Personal Computingp 154 James Forney "superior to DOS version"Excel for OS/22/27/90PC Magazinep.221 Richard Hale Shaw - Laborious review of spread-sheet app for OS/2- Speed & loading comparisons but no conclusions.Feb-90Byte"Not Just for Numbers AnyMore" p 148. Steve Apiki, Stanford Diehl, Howard Eglowstein - Reviews of 10 DOS/Win and 3 Mac Spreadsheets, exhaustive matrices, no recommends or conclusions.QuattroPro1/16/90PC MagazineAWARDS FOR TECHNICAL EXCELLENCEQP "this is the top dog spreadsheet" p.981Lotus 1-2-3 Rel.2.21/16/90PC Magazine1-2-3 "its what most people need in a spreadsheet"010Quattro Pro12/26/89PC MagazineFirst Looks p. 33 Craig Stinson - "noticeably slower times than competition." p. 35Lotus 1-2-3 2.2&3.011/28/89PC Magazinep. 197, M. David Stone, 2.2 for 8088, 3.1 for 286. No overall comparison, but notes faster processing than Excel.Excel 2.1$495/$7511/1/89P C WorldYES'Power Spreadsheets: A New Standard?" Richard Scoville p. 96 - Excel BEST BUY- '"superb interface and reporting capabilities." p 1031Lotus 1-2-3 Rel 311/1/89P C WorldSuperCalc511/1/89P C WorldQuattro Version 2Nov-89ByteRich Malloy p. 111 "advantages of Excel with 1-2-3 compatability." p. 1121-2-3, 3.0$495Nov-89Personal Computing6.9Buyer's Guide p. 135 Sandra Reed 0-10 scale1Smart II$349Nov-89Personal Computing6.3Buyer's Guide p. 135 Sandra Reed 0-10 scaleExcel 2.1$495Nov-89Personal Computing5.9Buyer's Guide p. 135 Sandra Reed 0-10 scale1-2-3, 2.2$495Nov-89Personal Computing5.8Buyer's Guide p. 135 Sandra Reed 0-10 scalePlanPerfect 5.0$495Nov-89Personal Computing5.3Buyer's Guide p. 135 Sandra Reed 0-10 scaleTwin Level III$249Nov-89Personal Computing4.1Buyer's Guide p. 135 Sandra Reed 0-10 scaleLotus 1-2-3 Rel 3.0Nov-89ByteEdward Reno p. 255, upgrade which sacrifices speed, disappointing graphicsPlan Perfect Ver 5.0495/7510/31/89PC MagazineFirst Looks p 46 Craig Stinson "buggy import-export routines for 1-2-3" "comes up short in its attempt to appeal to a wider audience" p. 46Lotus 1-2-3 Rel 2.2495/15010/26/89PC MagazineFirst Looks p. 33 Craig Stinson "really just upgrade for 8088 users, not compelling"Lotus 1-2-3 Rel 3.0$49510/12/89PC MagazineFirst Looks p 33 Gus Venditto - " IS LOTUS STILL NUMBER ONE?" Microsoft Excel is better at printing and cell manipulation." p. 361-2-3 Rel 3.09/1/89ByteAndrew Reinhardt p. 90 new features and functions, saccrifice performanceWingz$3997/1/89Byte"The Flying Spreadsheet" Don Crabb p. 207 "faster, better graphics than Excel"Lucid 3-D$149Jul-89P C World"requires far too many workarounds to function effectively." p. 144 1988 Software Update p. 142VP-Planner Plus 27/1/89Personal Computing6.6Value Index' p. 184 John Blackford, on 0-10 scaleQuattro 1.07/1/89Personal Computing6.2Value Index' p. 184 John Blackford, on 0-10 scaleLotus 1-2-3, 2.017/1/89Personal Computing6.0Value Index' p. 184 John Blackford, on 0-10 scaleSuperCalc47/1/89Personal Computing5.5Value Index' p. 184 John Blackford, on 0-10 scaleLucid 3-D7/1/89Personal Computing5.5Value Index' p. 184 John Blackford, on 0-10 scaleSuperCalc57/1/89Personal Computing5.2Value Index' p. 184 John Blackford, on 0-10 scaleMS Excel, 1.07/1/89Personal Computing3.5Value Index' p. 184 John Blackford, on 0-10 scaleSuperCalc 57/1/89PC MagazineSpreadsheet Analysis p. 185 Craig Stinson - "About a year and a half ago, something happened. Microsoft introduced Excel, a revolutionary advance over SuperCalc, 1-2-3, and everything else in the field." "more spreadsheet than 1-2-3" "more solid productLucid 3-D$99.956/1/89P C WorldYES' The Software Shelf' p 156. limited features, but low price make it Best BuyLucid 3D99.95/355/30/89PC MagazineFirst Looks p. 33 Craig Stinson "not compatible with 1-2-3"SuperCalc 5$4954/11/89PC MagazineFirst Looks p. 33 M. David Stone "Most users recognize three classes of spreadsheet program: 1-2-3 as the standard, Excel as the leader of a new generation, and everything else. p. 33Excel3/28/89PC Magazine"Spreadsheet Analysis" Douglas Cobb & Stephen Cobb p139 "Microsoft's Excel is the most powerful spreadsheet on the market today." p 139Excel1/31/89PC MagazineFirst Looks p.33 Craig Stinson - "For well over a year, spreadsheet users who needed to generate gorgeous printed reports from their worksheets have had one product to rely on: Microsoft Excel." p 33ExcelJan-89ByteBYTE AWARDS - Excel DISTINCTION1201AllWays (Funk Software)$15012/19/88INFOWORLDp. 60 John Walkenbach "with the AllWays add-on, 1-2-3 no longer needs to take a back seat to Microsoft's Excel"VP-Planner 2.0$180Nov-88P C WorldYESPC WORLD's Best Buy - "much faster than 1-2-3"VP-Planner Plus$180Sep-88Personal Computing6.3BUYER'S GUIDE TO SPREADSHEETS'. p 131 Michael Antonoff " rivals are giving Lotus 1-2-3 the first serious competition since its early days." Ratings on 0-10 pt scaleQuattro$248Sep-88Personal Computing6.11-2-3$495Sep-88Personal Computing5.9Lucid 3-D$199Sep-88Personal Computing5.2SuperCalc4$495Sep-88Personal Computing5.0Excel$495Sep-88Personal Computing3.7Quattro8/22/88INFOWORLDSCORE 6.9"Spreadsheet Matches 1-2-3, Even Passes It in Some Areas" p. 50 John Walkenbach "multilevel Undo and Re-do,and background re-calculation(feature shared with Excel)"Quattro 1.0$248Jun-88Byte"Double Threats to Lotus 1-2-3" Diana Gabaldon p. 167- "all of Lotus's main features & extras at a lower price" " both have advantages over 1-2-3"Surpass 1.0$495Jun-88ByteSurpass 1.0$495Jun-88P C WorldThe Software Shelf' p.180 "equals or bests 1-2-3 feature for feature" "costs as much as Excel without matching the latter's superb interface and formatting features."Quattro$195Apr-88P C World"Quattro Goes 1-2-3 Better" William Urschel p. 108 adds some functionality but doesn't quite match power of 1-2-3, missed overall vote of excellentLotus 1-2-3 Rel 3.3/14/88INFOWORLDMichael Miller p. 1 "3-D worksheets are the key feature of Lotus 1-2-3 Release 3" "most of the new features are items that have looked good in competitive products or in add-insSurpass3/7/88INFOWORLD"Feature-rich Spreadsheet Improves Upon 1-2-3" John Walkenbach p. 61 "Surpass overcomes many of the limitations of 1-2-3" "adds multiple active spreadsheets, simplified spreadsheet linking and an Undo command"Excel$495Mar-88PC World'Excel: Should You Switch?' - Ralph Soucie p. 108 "now a serious challenger- indeed, a better product has made its debut: Microsoft Excel." p 108 "if you're training new spreadsheet users, Excel is definitely the product of choice." p.115 for Release 2Excel 2.0Mar-88ByteRich Malloy p. 155 "Excel Extraordinaire" New for IBM, "rare product that combines ease of use and exceptional power" p. 157VP-Planner Plus$179.95Feb-88Personal Computingp. 200 Michael Antonoff - "outstanding performer at half the price of 1-2-3."NOTE:1/26/88PC MAGAZINELiving with Lotus' by Jim Seymour - A lengthy treatise on Lotus Add-Ins * *Microsoft Excel1/12/88PC MagazinetieAWARD FOR TECHNICAL EXCELLENCE p.1761Lucid 3-D1/12/88PC MagazinetieAWARD FOR TECHNICAL EXCELLENCE p.176Excel1/11/88INFOWORLDSoftware Review p. 55 John Walkenbach "the industry's most customizable spreadsheet" "takes the industry standard and improves on it in the ways that matter most"100Microsoft Excel12/28/87INFORWORLD9.4100 PRODUCTS OF THE YEAR p. 351Javelin12/28/87INFORWORLD9.3100 PRODUCTS OF THE YEAR p. 35Trapeze (Mac)12/28/87INFORWORLD8.3100 PRODUCTS OF THE YEAR p. 35Multiplan Ver 3.012/28/87INFORWORLD7.9100 PRODUCTS OF THE YEAR p. 35Excel12/22/87P C Magazine"A New Face for Spreadsheets" p 103 Jared Taylor "feature for feature, Excel is far better than 1-2-3." p. 111 "greater hardware demands only con"Excel12/21/87INFOWORLD'Microsoft's PC Spreadsheet Sets New Standard' p. 41John Walkenbach- "Microsoft has a winner here" " one of the year's most innovative products, more powerful and more forward looking than any other spreadsheet on the market"VP-Planner12/14/87INFORWORLD"improved look and feel of spreadsheets over Lotus" "also enhances spreadsheet capability" "surpasses Lotus in several areas"Quattro$19512/8/87PC MagazineFirst Looks' p.33 Mike Falkner- "Quattro: More Than 1-2-3 At Less than Half the Cost" -"a powerful spreadsheet with more features than 1-2-3, Release 2.01, yet fully compatible and a better price." p. 34ExcelDec-87Personal Computingp. 102 Michael Antonoff "Excel offers a lot in the form of tantalizing features missing from the current version of 1-2-3." "there are now plenty of alternatives to Lotus." p. 1021-2-3Dec-87Personal ComputingLotus 1-2-3 Rel 2 ADD-INSFREE11/24/87PC MagazineFirst Looks' p. 33 Gus Venditto "Lotus removed Copy Protection for future products and began distributing free copies of two 1-2-3 Release 2 Enhancements, 'Speedup' and Learn'."Competition is usually good for consumers. In the spreadsheet wars, that's clExcel11/23/87INFOWORLDWilliam Zachman. "both Excel and Quattro offer significant advantages over 1-2-3."Quattro11/23/87INFOWORLDMicrosoft Excel11/10/87PC MagazineFirst Looks' p. 33 - Jared Taylor - "Microsoft Corp. has just unleashed a spreadsheet that makes 1-2-3 look like a rough draft."BETA'S of11/1/87ByteEzra Shapiro p. 119 "these programs will challenge Lotus 1-2-3's dominance in statistical analysis."PlanPerfect11/1/87ByteQuattro11/1/87Byte??10/27/87PC MagazineChallenging 1-2-3 on Price and Power' p. 94- "Years ago 1-2-3's market share reached critical mass, and conformity to the Lotus Standard became more important than buying a better program." p. 941-2-310/1/87Personal ComputingMichael Antonoff p. 101 "SuperCalc, VP-Planner, Twin, lack the elegance of 1-2-3 in links to applications."SuperCalc10/1/87Personal ComputingVP-Planner10/1/87Personal ComputingTwin10/1/87Personal Computingpfs:professional plan$2497/1/87PC WorldJohn Walkenbach p 249. - "professional plan's macro capability leaves 1-2-3 at the starting gate." p.252SuperCalc4$495/ $1007/1/87PC WorldScott D. Palmer p. 253 - "a solid, full-featured and worthy challenger to Lotus's top gun" " offers more bang for the buck, if you dont need to stick to the standard." p.255Silk$2987/1/87PC WorldJeffrey Kahn p. 256 "its impressive set of integrated bells and whistles, reasonable price, and lack of copy protection give spreadsheet buyers an impressive alternative to 1-2-3." p 258PlanPerfect 3.0$395 /$1007/1/87PC WorldStephen A. Blumenthal p.258 - "doesn't deliver the punch to prompt most 1-2-3 users to dump their software stalwart." p. 261Silk$2984/28/87PC MagazineFirst Looks' p. 33 "Feature for feature, Silk looks like a bet-HAL$1502/24/87PC MagazineHere Comes HAL' -Lotus development's Add-in to extend Lotus CapabilitiesSuperCalc 4 Ver. 1.0$4951/27/87PC MagazineA Great Contender' p. 135 Bruce Brown- High praise for SuperCalc, no direct 1-2-3 comparisonSuperCalc 4495/1001/13/87PC Magazine"BEST OF 1986" p. 115- "if market dominance were based on rational criteria, Computer Associates' SuperCalc 4 would certainly replace 1-2-3 as the leading spreadsheet program. After all, it can do anything that 1-2-3 can do and adds some notable featuresVP-Planner1/13/87PC MagazineMultidimensional Spreadsheets' p.243 Marvin Bryan Praise for features not present in 1-2-3/CalcIT1/13/87PC MagazineBoeingCalc1/13/87PC MagazineTM/11/13/87PC MagazinemicroCube1/13/87PC Magazine100Total28910380.73684210530.23684210530.02631578951-2-3 Release 2.01495/15011/25/86PC MagazineFirst Looks' p 33 - "no new features, A few bugs fixed" "Maintenance Release" $15 for owners of release 2FarSight, Version2C$99.9510/14/86PC Magazine1-2-3 Knockoffs: How Close Do They Come?" p. 167 JaredVP-Planner, V 1.21$99.9510/14/86PC MagazineYESTaylor- EDITORS' CHOICE VP-PLANNERThe Twin, V 1.3$9910/14/86PC MagazineSuperCalc49/16/86PC MagazineFirst Looks' p. 33 - M. David Stone "Super graphics capabilities are vastly more advanced than 1-2-3's, too"The Twin$145Aug-86PC Magazinep. 59 Christopher Barr 'The Twin: Slow Lotus for Less Money' "an integrated spreadsheet program similar to 1-2-3 that has better graphics but a slower operational speed."VP-Planner$149.95Apr-86PC World'Paper Planner' p 253- William Urschel "suffers slightly in speed trials against 1-2-3." p. 257 but "VP-Planner easily outmuscles 1-2-3 as an analysis and number-processing tool." p. 257Javelin$7003/11/86PC MagazineSoftware' p. 213 Jared Taylor- "a fine product with a genuinely new approach to financial modeling and only a few rough edges" " In a fair fight with 1-2-3, it might win, but in a world that already runs on 1-2-3, it's in for a hard slog." p.225Javelin$695Mar-86P C World'Javelin" Beyond Rows and Columns" William Urschel p. 156 "sluggish execution speed is evident in all views"; "specialized tool, but it's not as flexible or universal as 1-2-3." p 1671-23 Release 2495/140Jan-86PC World'More Power to You" p 177 Harry Miller - fourfold increase in spreadsheet size - p 179. 40 new macro's p180. "Release 2 omits support for a third dimension or at least a slick way to link spreadsheets, like in Multiplan or Excel." p. 189Dec-85PC WorldNOTE:both creators of the foundation product, VisiCalc- Software Arts and VisiCorp- dissolved by mid-1985. Lotus purchased Software Arts, May 1985, suspended manufacture of VisiCalc, offered owners Upgrade to 1-2-3. p. 221ExcelSep-85ByteJerry Pournell p. 347 REVIEW OF EXCEL DEMO AT COMDEX- "Excel will make the Mac into a serious business machine" p. 352Data Edition$250Jan-85Personal ComputingProduct Reviews p 171 James Fawcette, IBM, "capable spreadsheet"Lotus SYMPHONY$695Jan-85ByteDick Pountain p. 317- Upgrade of 1-2-3SuperCalc 3$395May-84Personal ComputingTop Marks, Excellent GraphicsMultiplanMay-84ByteReviewer's Notebook- Rich Malloy p. 187 "Multiplan will probably replace VisiCalc as the standard to which other spreadsheets are compared." Only 1 paragraph reviewSuperCalc3Mar-84PC World'SuperCalc 3: A Step Up' - p. 103 Bill Permar, "Today Sorcim is again challenging the spreadsheet champion, Lotus 1-2-3." better graphics -"but from that point on in the comparison, 1-2-3 leaves the contender in the dust."Lotus 1-2-3Oct-83PC Worldp 120 Edwin T. Moore "Lotus Development released 1-2-3 in January 1983." "Several months of reports on 1-2-3 out-selling Visicalc and StretchCalc (add-in)" " a new type of program, a spreadbase." "1-2-3 is the current King of the Spreadbase" p. 13VisiCalcOct-83PC WorldT K ! Solver$299Apr-83PC World'The T K ! Avant Garde' p 93 Edward Rogers "poor user interface" " Users are left to grapple with yet another cryptic command alphabet" p97MultiPlan$275Feb-83PC World'MultiPlan Inherits the Spreadsheet Legacy' p. 124 Edward Rogers -(VisiCalc introduced in 1978) "SuperCalc still lacks a user interface for less technical users" p 124 "Multiplan addresses this deficiency with a powerful user interface as well as advVisiCalcFeb-83PC WorldSuperCalcFeb-83PC WorldLotus 1-2-3$495Jan-83Personal ComputingIntroductory Review - p. 208 "combines spreadsheet, graphics, and information management in one program."Lotus 1-2-3$495Jan-83PC World"1-2-3 does not handle text as well as MBA." p. 104 "MBA is very slow in performing data management tasks." p 104 "MBA's forms function is clearly more developed and easier to use than 1-2-3's." p 108 "1-2-3 is a more fully developed product" p 116 HaMBA Version 2.0$695Jan-83PC WorldLotus 1-2-3Jan-83PC World'The Graphsheet Contenders' p 124 Andrew T. WilliamsMBA Version 2.0Jan-83PC World"1-2-3 is certainly a state of the art electronic worksheet program" "almost certainly the program of choice" p. 133Lotus 1-2-3Dec-82Byte"Soon Available for IBM PC" Gregg Williams p 182 "Many more functions and commands than VisiCalc" "Revolutionary instead of evolutionary"DeskTop Plan II$250Oct-82Byte"Beyond the Peaks of VisiCalc" p. 29 Jack BishopMicrofinesse$495Oct-82BytePlan 80$295Oct-82ByteMultiplan$275Mar-82Personal Compsolid performerVisiCalcJun-81Personal Computingtwo upgrades to VisiCalc spreadsheetMACwingzExcel5Jun-96MacWorld"The Macworld office" by David Pogue p. 98-103;Selection in the MacWorld Suite1ClarisWorks4Jun-96MacWorld"The Macworld office" by David Pogue p. 98-103;Runner up to Excel# Excel 5.0$300Dec-94MacUser4.5p. 43 . Clay Andres MS Excel 5.0 Major Upgrade, wonderful utility, >Power Hog, p.46 SCORE 4.5Lotus 1-2-3,1.1Mac$495Apr-93MacUser4higher usability, loses points for complexityDeskCalc$399.95Mar-93MacUser3MACUSER BUYING GUIDE 93Excel$495Mar-93MacUser5MACUSER BUYING GUIDE 931Resolve V1.0v3$399Mar-93MacUser4.5MACUSER BUYING GUIDE 93Lotus 1-2-3 for Mac$495Mar-93MacUser4MACUSER BUYING GUIDE 93Wingz 1.1a$399Mar-93MacUser3.5MACUSER BUYING GUIDE 93Full Impact$295Mar-93MacUser2MACUSER BUYING GUIDE 93BiPlan 2.07$59Aug-92MacUser592 BUYERS GUIDE p. 46Excel v 3.0$495Aug-92MacUser592 BUYERS GUIDE p. 461Lotus 1-2-3 for Mac$495Aug-92MacUser4.592 BUYERS GUIDE p. 46Wingz V 1.0$399Aug-92MacUser3.592 BUYERS GUIDE p. 46Excel3Jul-92MacWorldEditors' Choice"Spreadsheets That Count" by Charles Seiter p. 168-1731MS Excel 3.0$495Jun-92MacUser5BUSINESS BUYERS GUIDE1Resolve 1.0v3$399Jun-92MacUser4.5BUSINESS BUYERS GUIDE1-2-3 for Mac 1.0$495Jun-92MacUser4.5BUSINESS BUYERS GUIDEExcel for MacJun-92ByteyesTHE 1992 READERS' CHOICE AWARDS - Michael Nadeau p. 121 Spreadsheet of the Year, Excel for Mac and for DOS/Windows -Quattro Pro 3.01Lotus 1-2-3 Mac1.0$495Mar-92MacUser4Louis Benjamin "excellent features" SCORE 41-2-3 for Mac1/13/92INFOWORLDp. 15 Lafe Low, high marks for graphics, outstanding user interfaceClaris Resolve 1.0$399Jan-92ByteChristopher Gibson p. 273 - Resolve is "impressive new entry, needs a few tweaks"Excel 3.0Jan-92ByteYES1991 EDITORS' CHOICE AWARD - Excel 3.0 p. 123Resolve Vers 1.0$399Dec-91MacUser4.5Louis Benjamin, SCORE 4.5BiPlan 2.03$59Oct-91MacUser5Budget Spreadsheets p 106 Sharon AkerWorks 2.0$295Oct-91MacUser4.5Budget Spreadsheets p 106 Sharon AkerFull Impact 1.1$349Oct-91MacUser4Budget Spreadsheets p 106 Sharon AkerDeskCalc 3.03$399Oct-91MacUser3.5Budget Spreadsheets p 106 Sharon AkerExcel 3.0$495Jul-91MacUser5Louis Benjamin p. 57 SCORE 5Full Impact 2.0$295Feb-91MacUserJohn Rizzo p 58MacCalc$139Jul-90MacUser4Choosing a Spreadsheet p. 162 Ken Landis11Full Impact 1.1$295Jul-90MacUser4Choosing a Spreadsheet p. 162 Ken LandisExcel 2.2$395Jul-90MacUser4Choosing a Spreadsheet p. 162 Ken LandisRagtime 3$595Jul-90MacUser3.5Choosing a Spreadsheet p. 162 Ken LandisWorks 2.0$295Jul-90MacUser3Choosing a Spreadsheet p. 162 Ken LandisTrapeze 2.1$295Jul-90MacUser2.5Choosing a Spreadsheet p. 162 Ken LandisWingz 1.1Mar-90MacUserYESEDITORS' CHOICE AWARDS p 93. hon mention to Excel 2.2 and Full Impact 1.11Wingz$399Jan-90Byte90 AWARDS OF EXCELLENCE - Wings from InformixWingz (mac)$3999/1/89Personal ComputingSandra R. Reed. p 186 . good ease of use, Great for Presentations#Full Impact 1.0$395Feb-89ByteDiana Gabaldon p. 211 "good spreadsheet, computes slower than Excel"Excel 1.512/12/88INFOWORLD8.21Full Impact 1.012/12/88INFOWORLD6.6"Spreadsheet Applications for Macintosh Offer Fresh Look" p. 81 Jim Hays and Greg SmithTrapeze12/12/88INFOWORLD6.1Works12/12/88INFOWORLD5.6MacCalc 1.2d12/12/88INFOWORLD5.1Multiplan12/12/88INFOWORLD4.7Excel8/15/88INFOWORLD"Evolutionary Mac Spreadsheet Maintains Market Supremacy" p. 51 Don Crabb "Excel Redefines itself as the current market leader in the Macintosh spreadsheet market"ExcelJan-86Personal ComputingSandra Reed p. 150 "high marks for Excel versus Crunch, SuperCrunch, and Jazz."1CrunchJan-86Personal Computingare there no ratings in this article?SuperCrunchJan-86Personal ComputingJazzJan-86Personal ComputingExcel 11/1/86MacUser5MacUser "MindFinders" p. 132-1461MultiPlan199.951/1/86MacUser4MacUser "MindFinders" p. 132-146Crunch 12951/1/86MacUser3MacUser "MindFinders" p. 132-146Crunch$295Sep-85Personal ComputingGood Features, value pricedSuperCalc 3aJul-85Personal ComputingExcellent performanceJazz$595Mar-85Personal Computingcapable spreadsheetFlashCalc$99Sep-84Personal ComputingGood spreadsheet for AppleVcalc 80$89Mar-83Personal Computingp. 227 new spreadsheet for Apple10101120.8333333333Dec-83PC World1983-1984 Annual Software Review - Spreadsheets p. 108Multiplan275 MicrosoftDaniel BricklinUniCalc99 Lifeboat Assoc.SuperCalc195 Sorcim CorpThe Thinker75 TexasSoftVisiCalc250 VisiCorp[IBM VERSION $200]ProCalc350 Software Products CMiniModel495 Westico IncEasyCalc99.95 Norell DataVisiCalc IV250 VisiCorpcombines Visi-StretchSuperCalc 2295 SorcimMerge Calc125 Micro Decision SysVIS Bridge/Sort89 Solutions IncVisualize100 Norell Data IncVIZ.A.CON139.95 Abacus Assoc.MicroPlan495 Chang LaborotoriesBitscale$300 Boeing Computer ServicesBFT$195 Softstar IncPerfect Calc$295 Perfect SoftwareNovaCalc$29.95 Hourglass SystemsPlannerCalc$99 ComshareEncore!$1850 Ferox MicrosystemsDesktop Plan$300 VisicorpVIS/BRIDGE/REP$$95 Solutions IncScratchPad$295 SuperSoftPhoenix Planning$189 Phoenix ConsultingFinar$695 Finar ResearchBOS/Planner$400 BOS NationalCalcStar$195 Micro Pro Int.Peach Calc$150 Peachtree SoftwareEasy Planner$250 Inform. UnlimitedCOPE$395 AntechSpread$500 Lupfer & LongElectronic Spreads$1500 American PlanningLogiCalc$190 Software ProductsPlan 80$295 Digital MarketingTarget Financial$325 ComshareMicro/Profit$3000 Via Computer Inc&APage &PStan Liebowitz:VOL 1 # 2Stan Liebowitz:VOL 1 # 1Stan Liebowitz:can this be right? Is this 3.0?Stan Liebowitz:we need this article.Stan Liebowitz:note these are BUDGET!!Stan Liebowitz:for full impactsince maccacl is budgetchartschartsPersonal Computing9/1/88Personal Computing9/1/88Personal Computing9/1/88Personal Computing7/1/89Personal Computing7/1/89Personal Computing7/1/89Byte6/1/91Byte6/1/91Byte6/1/91INFOWORLD10/12/92INFOWORLD10/12/92INFOWORLD10/12/92PC Magazine2/8/94PC Magazine2/8/94PC Magazine2/8/94INFOWORLD2/28/94INFOWORLD2/28/94INFOWORLD2/28/94Home Off Comp4/1/96Home Off Comp4/1/96Home Off Comp4/1/96Byte12/1/96Byte12/1/96Byte12/1/96PC Magazine2/18/97PC Magazine2/18/97PC Magazine2/18/97PC World2/1/98PC World2/1/98PC World2/1/98ExcelLotusQuattroRatingsFigure 8.5: Spreadsheet Comparison Ratings3.75.96.13.566.28.97.28.46.95.86.59.798.759.7986.86.78679779.58333333338.757.08333333338.87.56.9num ratings198719871987198819881988198919891989199019901990199119911991199219921992199319931993199419941994199519951995199619961996199719971997Figure x: Number of WinsExcelQuattroLotus100100211010400540220720200100300normratings198819881988198919891989199019901990199119911991199219921992199319931993199419941994199519951995199619961996199719971997QuattroLotusExcelFigure 8.11: Shipment Share of Spreadsheets868.69.78.4561020.449.611.718.441339807258.080211872719.031585862818.113016546445.275310620830.598103134516.570883568532.887432442346.39651757119.495346022125.225859840462.65054473087.437773283319.820700933871.32829732316296552669EXHIBITS303173031730317314133141331413321193211932119322033220332203323873238732387328133281332813329643296432964331903319033190332703327033270334823348233482338483384833848338893388933889339313393133931339803398033980342113421134211342743427434274343353433534335346043460434604354003540035400354793547935479354903549035490ExcelFigure 8.5: SS List Prices over time495495495495495299495340mkt share and price198819881988198919891989199019901990199119911991199219921992199319931993199419941994199519951995199619961996199719971997ExcelQuattroLotusFigure 8.12: Revenue Share of SS9.72.568.612.13.669.215.39.766.123.248222666210.316667441162.044049997740.083447296710.574636551342.736688065649.45255535686.417668553639.906583764266.41811837643.602626864328.186242310879.28749902063.483901940316.439708920384.09913760282.434349984413.435809010191.52886971041.08530025927.3544769118winsSheetDateMagazineScoreAverage of ScoreDateMagazineQuattro9/1/88Personal Computing6.19/1/887/1/896/1/9110/12/922/8/942/28/944/1/9612/1/962/18/972/1/98Lotus9/1/88Personal Computing5.9SheetPersonal ComputingPersonal ComputingByteINFOWORLDPC MagazineINFOWORLDHome Off CompBytePC MagazinePC WorldExcel9/1/88Personal Computing3.7Excel3.73.58.96.99.798899.58333333338.8Quattro01-Jul-89Personal Computing6.2Lotus5.967.25.88.756.8678.757.5Lotus01-Jul-89Personal Computing6.0Quattro6.16.28.46.59.796.7777.08333333336.9Excel01-Jul-89Personal Computing3.5Excel01-Jun-91Byte8.9Quattro01-Jun-91Byte8.4Lotus01-Jun-91Byte7.2Excel12-Oct-92INFOWORLD6.9Quattro12-Oct-92INFOWORLD6.5Lotus12-Oct-92INFOWORLD5.8Lotus2/8/94PC Magazine8.75Quattro2/8/94PC Magazine9.79Excel2/8/94PC Magazine9.79Excel2/28/94INFOWORLD8Lotus2/28/94INFOWORLD6.8Quattro2/28/94INFOWORLD6.7Excel01-Apr-96Home Off Comp8Lotus01-Apr-96Home Off Comp6Quattro01-Apr-96Home Off Comp7ExcelDec-96Byte9QuattroDec-96Byte7LotusDec-96Byte7Excel18-Feb-97PC Magazine9.58Lotus18-Feb-97PC Magazine8.75Quattro18-Feb-97PC Magazine7.08Quattro01-Feb-98PC World6.9Lotus01-Feb-98PC World7.5Excel01-Feb-98PC World8.8MacintoshSheetDateMagazaineScoreAverage of ScoreDateMagazaineExcel12/12/88Infoworld10.0Excel 1.51/1/8612/12/887/1/906/1/928/1/923/1/93Full Impact12/12/88Infoworld8.0Full Impact 1.0SheetMacUserInfoworldMacUserMacUserMacUserMacUserMacCalc12/12/88Infoworld6.2MacCalc 1.2dExcel101010101010MacCalcJul-90MacUser10$139MacCalcFull Impact8.0487804878104Full ImpactJul-90MacUser10$295Full Impact 1.1Lotus998ExcelJul-90MacUser10$395Excel 2.2MacCalc6.219512195110ExcelJun-92MacUser10$495MS Excel 3.0Resolve99ResolveJun-92MacUser9$399Resolve 1.0v3Wingz77LotusJun-92MacUser9$4951-2-3 for Mac 1.0ExcelAug-92MacUser10$495Excel v 3.0LotusAug-92MacUser9$495Lotus 1-2-3 for MacWingzAug-92MacUser7$399Wingz V 1.0ExcelMar-93MacUser10$495ExcelResolveMar-93MacUser9$399Resolve V1.0v3LotusMar-93MacUser8$495Lotus 1-2-3 for MacWingzMar-93MacUser7$399Wingz 1.1aFull ImpactMar-93MacUser4$295Full ImpactExcel1/1/86MacUser10MultiPlan1/1/86MacUser8Crunch1/1/86MacUser620.01.219512195112.195121951216.19.815585960712.47.584770969720.020.020.020.018.018.020.018.014.020.018.016.014.08.020.016.012.0wins000000000000000000000000000000ExcelLotusQuattroRatingsFigure 8.3: Comparison RatingsMacSheetDateMagazineScorenormscoreAverage of normscoreDateMagazineQuattro9/1/88Personal Computing6.19.79/1/887/1/896/1/919/1/9112/31/9110/12/9211/10/922/8/942/28/944/1/9612/1/962/18/972/1/98Lotus9/1/88Personal Computing5.99.4SheetPersonal ComputingPersonal ComputingBytePC WorldPC MagazineINFOWORLDPC MagazinePC MagazineINFOWORLDHome Off CompBytePC MagazinePC WorldExcel9/1/88Personal Computing3.75.9Excel5.8730158735.3030303031010101010101010101010Quattro01-Jul-89Personal Computing6.29.4Lotus9.36507936519.09090909098.08988764048.5955056189.05142857148.40579710145.428.9376915228.57.57.77777777789.13043478268.5227272727Lotus01-Jul-89Personal Computing6.09.1Quattro9.68253968259.39393939399.43820224728.5955056188.57142857149.42028985519.17108.3758.757.77777777787.39130434787.8409090909Excel01-Jul-89Personal Computing3.55.3Excel01-Jun-91Byte8.910.0Quattro01-Jun-91Byte8.49.4Lotus01-Jun-91Byte7.28.1Excel12-Oct-92INFOWORLD6.910.0Quattro12-Oct-92INFOWORLD6.59.4Lotus12-Oct-92INFOWORLD5.88.4Quattro2/8/94PC Magazine9.7910.0Excel2/8/94PC Magazine9.7910.0Lotus2/8/94PC Magazine8.758.9Excel2/28/94INFOWORLD810.0Lotus2/28/94INFOWORLD6.88.5Quattro2/28/94INFOWORLD6.78.4Excel01-Apr-96Home Off Comp810.0Lotus01-Apr-96Home Off Comp67.5Quattro01-Apr-96Home Off Comp78.8ExcelDec-96Byte910.0QuattroDec-96Byte77.8LotusDec-96Byte77.8Excel18-Feb-97PC Magazine9.5810.0Lotus18-Feb-97PC Magazine8.759.1Quattro18-Feb-97PC Magazine7.087.4Excel01-Feb-98PC World8.810.0Lotus01-Feb-98PC World7.58.5Quattro01-Feb-98PC World6.97.8Excel10-Nov-92PC Magazine1010Lotus10-Nov-92PC Magazine5.425.42Quattro10-Nov-92PC Magazine9.179.17Excel31-Dec-91PC Magazine8.7510.0Lotus31-Dec-91PC Magazine7.929.1Quattro31-Dec-91PC Magazine7.58.6Excel01-Sep-91PC World3.5610.0Lotus01-Sep-91PC World3.068.6Quattro01-Sep-91PC World3.068.6MacintoshSheetDateMagazaineScorenorm scoreAverage of norm scoreDateMagazaineExcel12/12/88??4.110.0Excel 1.512/12/887/1/906/1/928/1/923/1/93Full Impact12/12/88??3.38.0Full Impact 1.0Sheet??MacUserMacUserMacUserMacUserMacCalc12/12/88??2.66.2MacCalc 1.2dExcel1010101010MacCalcJul-90MacUser410.0$139MacCalcFull Impact8.0487804878104Full ImpactJul-90MacUser410.0$295Full Impact 1.1Lotus998ExcelJul-90MacUser410.0$395Excel 2.2MacCalc6.219512195110ExcelJun-92MacUser510.0$495MS Excel 3.0Resolve99ResolveJun-92MacUser4.59.0$399Resolve 1.0v3Wingz77LotusJun-92MacUser4.59.0$4951-2-3 for Mac 1.0ExcelAug-92MacUser510.0$495Excel v 3.0LotusAug-92MacUser4.59.0$495Lotus 1-2-3 for MacWingzAug-92MacUser3.57.0$399Wingz V 1.0ExcelMar-93MacUser510.0$495ExcelResolveMar-93MacUser4.59.0$399Resolve V1.0v3LotusMar-93MacUser48.0$495Lotus 1-2-3 for MacWingzMar-93MacUser3.57.0$399Wingz 1.1aFull ImpactMar-93MacUser24.0$295Full Impact8.8Stan Liebowitz:dosStan Liebowitz:dosStan Liebowitz:winExcelFull ImpactLotusMacCalcResolveWingzRatingsFig. 8.13: Ratings of Mac Spreadsheets000000000000000000000000000000000000Mac000000000000000000000000000000000000000ExcelLotusQuattroRatingsFigure 8.8: Comparison Spreadsheet Ratingslist price#1PC WORLD FEBRUARY 18, 1998AnalysisFormatting &Customiz-WorkGroupAutomationFinalToolsPresentationabilityToolsand HelpScoreCorel Quattro Pro 87.28.91.47.79.16.9Lotus 1-2-3 '974.58.17.97.79.17.5Excel '978.39.99.86.99.18.8#2PC MAGAZINE FEB 18, 1997CorelMicrosoftLotusQuattroProExcel '971-2-3 '97 BetaQuattroExcelLotusApplication & Model BuildingExcExcExc444ChartingGoodExcGood343Worksheet PresentationExcExcExc444Application DevelopmentGoodExcGood343Workgroup IntegrationPoorGoodExc134Internet ToolsFairExcGood2437.089.588.75#3PC MAGAZINE OCTOBER 25, 1994"Excel enjoys a clear speed advantage in Program and File Loading and in 'Cut andPasting', tied with Lotus 1-2-3 in speed of sorting databases and gives slight edge toLotus in Speed of recalculation"PC Magazine 11/10/92SUITABILITY TO TASKCA SuperCalcInstaCalcLotus 1-2-3Lotus 1-2-3Lucid 3-DExcelQuattro ProQuattro ProVer 5.5Ver 4.0DOS R 2.4Win 1.1V 2.5V 4.0DOS 4.0Win 1.0Analysis and Model Building7.52.557.52.51057.5Consolidation and Linking1055107.5107.510Charting102.52.552.5107.510Worksheet Publishing52.5107.52.5101010Interoperability52.52.5102.510107.5Applications Development7.57.57.57.551010107.503.755.427.923.7510.008.339.17PC Magazine 12/31/91Suitability to TaskCA SuperCalcInstaCalcLotus 1-2-3Lotus 1-2-3Lotus 1-2-3Lucid 3-DExcelPlan PerfectQuattroProWingzV 5.1V 3.0DOS R 2.3DOS R 3.1Win R 1.0V 2.2V 3.0V 5.1V #.01V 1.1aComputation and Analysis7.52.57.510102.57.557.55Consolidation7.5557.57.551057.52.5Charting7.52.557.57.55107.57.57.5Worksheet Publishing52.57.57.57.52.57.557.57.5Compatability5557.57.557.557.55Applications Development557.57.57.55107.57.5106.253.756.257.927.924.178.755.837.506.25PC WORLD 9/91Excel 3.0Lotus 1-2-3QuattroProLotus 1-2-3WingzSuperCalc[Ratings are in #'s of StarsRel 3.1+V 3.0Rel 2.3V 1.1AV 5.0cEase of Use4232.521.5Decision Support442.522.53Presentation433.533.52Performance2.53.542.540.5Data Management4420.50.51.5Programmability43.53.53.53.53.5Price323334Service and Support32.531.53.53OVERALL VALUE4332.52.523.563.063.062.312.812.38PC WORLD 4/90QuattroProSuperCalc5Lotus 1-2-3PlanPerfectSmarWareIILucid 3-DTwinLevel IIIV 1.0Revision CV 2.2V 5.0V 1.01V 2.2V 3.07Spreadsheet107.57.557.555Database7.557.55N/AN/A7.5Reporting and Graphs10107.5107.555Macros107.5107.57.57.57.5Performance10552.51052.5Overall Value107.57.557.5559.587.087.505.838.005.505.42Stan Liebowitz:dosStan Liebowitz:dosStan Liebowitz:winStan Liebowitz:top score 6.3, VP PlannerStan Liebowitz:vp planner 6.6&APage &PPC Wrld Rdr Svymarket share of spreadsheet units, includes suitesfrom idcpage 4 of "PC Spreadsheet Market Review and Forecast, 1996--2001, Mary Wardley, International Data Corporation, 1997.page 4 of "PC Spreadsheet Market Review and Forecast, 1997--2002, Mary Wardley, International Data Corporation, 1997.19881989199019911992199319941995199619971998magazine articlesQuattro8.08.420.418.418.116.69.57.46.05.0LotusMay-91P C World'Spreadsheet War' p. 59 Eric Bender - According to Dataquest - share change '89 to '90, Lotus fell from 54% to 47%, Quattro went from 3% to 14%, Excel went from 12.6% to 14%. "low end packages will disappear."Lotus68.656.049.658.145.332.925.219.829.026.0****12/5/88INFOWORLD"Microsoft Excel Garners Support From IBM, Other Big Corporations" p. 5 Stuart Johnston DATAQUEST ESTIMATE FOR 1988 - 900,000 Units of 1-2-3, 150,000 Excel, 150,000 QuattroExcel9.710.011.719.030.646.462.771.365.069.0Lotus2/1/88INFOWORLD"Lotus Cites Record Sales, Profits for 4th Quarter" p. 31 Rachel Parker "Sales for '87 grew 40% to $395.6 million "Software Publishing Sales for 4th Quarter $14 million"Sales EstDec-85PC World'Ledger Domain' p 217, Harry Miller Jan thru July '85 Sales of Spreadsheets at Retail - Source: IMS America - 1-2-3 /65% SuperCalc /3%, IBM Planning Assistant / 3%, Multiplan / 2%, pfs:plan /2%, FlashCalc /1%, others /24%Revenue based market sharespage 4 of "PC Spreadsheet Market Review and Forecast, 1997--2002, Mary Wardley, International Data Corporation, 1997.page 4 of "PC Spreadsheet Market Review and Forecast, 1997--2002, Mary Wardley, International Data Corporation, 1997.19881989199019911992199319941995199619971998Quattro2.53.69.710.310.66.43.63.52.41.1Lotus68.669.266.162.042.739.928.216.413.47.4Excel9.712.115.323.240.149.566.479.384.191.5Average Transaction Price, includes suitesTables 1 and 2 page 4 of "PC Spreadsheet Market Review and Forecast, 1997--2002, Mary Wardley, International Data Corporation, 1997.1988198919901991199219931994199519961997Quattro69.286.2100.098.980.845.235.943.120.19.3Lotus300.3250.0279.4188.8130.6141.5105.976.422.713.6Excel249.2245.0275.0215.9181.2124.3100.4102.464.762.7Average SS price224.6202.1209.9176.7138.4116.694.781.149.647.079.1%Average Transaction Prices for Standalone Spreadsheets1991199219931994199519961997Quattro98.980.842.628.323.9Lotus188.8130.5150.7120.598.0Excel252.2197.5140.3107.5127.6IDC pricesExcel196.0141.098.9average wholesale price forIDCLotus prices19891990199119921993Windows112.0120.0124.02.x311.1161.6185.4142.93.x227.3265.0Borland76.973.5Borland Windows100.0Excel275.0212.9196.0multiplan (Microsoft)80.0110.0Lotus DOS combined183.2210.5142.9mkt share69.061.060.865.0%73.0PCaverage price Dataquest19881989ship155.0400.0550.0rev18.459.465.2price118.7148.5118.5Macintoshship180.0250.0287.5rev26.722.125.4price148.388.488.3PC Wrld Rdr Svy000000000000000000000000000000QuattroLotusExcelFigure x: Quantity Share of Spreadsheets000000000000000000000000000000reviews000000000000000000000ExcelQuattroLotusRevenue Share of Spreadsheets, includes Suites000000000000000000000Publications000000000000000000000000000000ExcelQuattroLotusFigure 8.9: Revenue Share of SS000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000QuattroLotusExcelAverage Transaction Price, Spreadsheets000000000000000000000000000000year19871988198919901991199219931994199519961997year19871988198919901991199219931994199519961997Excel11204527213Excel100%100%50%0%100%56%50%78%100%100%100%Quattro00110422000Quattro0%0%25%100%0%44%50%22%0%0%0%Lotus00100000000Lotus0%0%25%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%1141494921339Stan Liebowitz:all dataquest, since IDC doesn't handle suites yet.Stan Liebowitz:from IDC. Remember that Microsoft still produced multiplan, which was much cheaper.Stan Liebowitz:IDC, PC spreadsheet software, 1991Stan Liebowitz:same as 89Stan Liebowitz:IDC, PC spreadsheet market review and forcast, 1988.Stan Liebowitz:same as 91Stan Liebowitz:same as 91Stan Liebowitz:this is essentially standalone since suites are not included until 94?000000000000000000000000000000000ExcelQuattroLotusFigure 8.7: Spreadsheet Wins000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ExcelQuattroLotus000000000000000000000000000000000Mac1988198919901991199219931994199519961997unit shareExcel0.6470.7760.8710.8390.8680.8950.9870.9910.9900.997Lotus 1-2-30.0650.0630.0100.0000.0000.000Resolve (claris)0.0590.0330.0280.0000.0000.0000.000Wingz (Informix)0.1400.0910.0820.0270.0080.0000.0000.0000.000revenue shareExcel0.6420.7060.8140.8800.9100.9180.9780.9870.9880.995L 1-2-30.0550.0640.0200.0000.0000.000Resolve (claris)0.0450.0160.0090.0000.0000.0000.000Wingz (Informix)0.1690.1440.0610.0180.0070.0000.0000.0000.000unitsExcel180250287315480,000570,0001,000,000836,000721900603846L 1-2-336,00040,00010,000Resolve (claris)22.218,00018,000Wingz (Informix)453030.815,0005,000other982712.57.53,8003,8003,0008,00070002000278322330376552,800636,8001,013,000844,000728,900605,846revenuesExcel26.722.125.478.8115,000100,00099000740005970039528L 1-2-300007,0007,0002000Resolve (claris)00042,0001,000Wingz (Informix)05.34.55.52,250750other14.93.91.31.21901902001000700200total41.631.331.289.5126,440108,940101,20075,00060,40039,728pricesExcel148.388.488.5223.5146.6131.599.088.582.765.5L 1-2-3194.4175.0200.0Resolve (claris)180.2111.155.6Wingz (Informix)117.8150.0178.6150.0150.0other152.0144.4104.0160.050.050.066.7125.0100.0100.0total149.697.294.7238.3228.7171.199.988.982.965.6Mac and PC prices for ExcelPC Price118.7148.5118.5215.9181.2124.3100.4102.464.762.7Mac Price148.388.488.5223.5146.6131.599.088.582.765.5Excel Mac and PC market sharesPC Share0.0970.1210.1530.23248222670.4008344730.49452555360.66418118380.79287499020.8409913760.9152886971Mac Share0.6420.7060.8140.8800.9100.9180.9780.9870.9880.995PC prices, Dataquest118.7096774194148.5118.5454545455old PC prices when difference was great249.2245.0275.0156.6139.11.1258422327ProgpricedatemagscoreProgDataTotalExcel1/1/86MacUser5Crunch 1Average of score3MultiPlan199.951/1/86MacUser4Count of score1Crunch 12951/1/86MacUser3DeskCalcAverage of score3MacCalc$139Jul-90MacUser4Count of score1Full Impact$295Jul-90MacUser4DeskCalc 3.03Average of score3.5Excel$395Jul-90MacUser4Count of score1Ragtime 3$595Jul-90MacUser3.5ExcelAverage of score4.7857142857Works 2.0$295Jul-90MacUser3Count of score7Trapeze 2.1$295Jul-90MacUser2.5Full ImpactAverage of score3.3333333333Excel$495Jul-91MacUser5Count of score3BiPlan 2.03$59Oct-91MacUser5Lotus 1-2-3Average of score4.2Works 2.0$295Oct-91MacUser4.5Count of score5Full Impact$349Oct-91MacUser4MacCalcAverage of score4DeskCalc 3.03$399Oct-91MacUser3.5Count of score1Resolve$399Dec-91MacUser4.5MultiPlanAverage of score4Lotus 1-2-3$495Mar-92MacUser4Count of score1Excel$495Jun-92MacUser5Ragtime 3Average of score3.5Resolve$399Jun-92MacUser4.5Count of score1Lotus 1-2-3$495Jun-92MacUser4.5ResolveAverage of score4.5Excel$495Aug-92MacUser5Count of score3Lotus 1-2-3$495Aug-92MacUser4.5Trapeze 2.1Average of score2.5Wingz V 1.0$399Aug-92MacUser3.5Count of score1DeskCalc$399.95Mar-93MacUser3Wingz 1.1aAverage of score3.5Excel$495Mar-93MacUser5Count of score1Resolve$399Mar-93MacUser4.5Wingz V 1.0Average of score3.5Lotus 1-2-3$495Mar-93MacUser4Count of score1Wingz 1.1a$399Mar-93MacUser3.5Works 2.0Average of score3.75Full Impact$295Mar-93MacUser2Count of score2Lotus 1-2-3$495Apr-93MacUser4Total Average of score4Excel$300Dec-94MacUser4.5Total Count of score29Stan Liebowitz:page 15, table 8, IDC, The spreadsheet software markets review and forecast: DOS, Windows, OS/2, and Macintosh, 1992-1997. Mary Conti LoffredoStan Liebowitz:same as 1992, but table 4, page 12Stan Liebowitz:1988-92 from table 4 and 5, Each company's factory revenue from shipments of software for each operating system and category. Personal computing software vendor shipment and revenue data, Market statistics, 1993, dataquest. May 1993Stan Liebowitz:table 3, page 6, IDC, 1994-99Stan Liebowitz:table 2, page ; IDC, PC spreadsheet Market Review and Forecast, 1996-2001, Mary WardleyStan Liebowitz:same as 95Stan Liebowitz:line 17 hasdata info0000000000000000000000000000000000000000ExcelLotus 1-2-3Resolve (claris)Wingz (Informix)Figure 8.12: Mac Spreadsheet unit shares000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000PC PriceMac PriceExcel prices, Mac and PC00000000000000000000companyproductxproductprice newDateupgrade priceSourceAverage of price newDateQuattroQuattro$19512/8/87PC Magazineproduct21/1/831/1/8612/8/873/1/889/1/8811/1/894/1/9011/13/902/1/919/1/919/1/9210/12/9211/23/921/11/938/30/9311/1/931/1/949/27/9412/1/962/18/973/1/97QuattroQuattro$248Sep-88Personal ComputingExcel495495495495495299495340Quattro Pro v. 1.0Quattro$495Apr-90Personal ComputingLotus49549549549559549536749559599.95495350495329329399Quattro Pro 3.0Quattro$495Sep-91P C WorldQuattro19524849549549549449.9599.9599100Quattro Pro Win1.1Quattro$49510/12/92INFOWORLDQuattro Pro for DOSQuattro$4941/11/93INFOWORLDQuattro ProQuattro$49.958/30/93INFOWORLDQuattroPro Win 5Quattro$99.9511/1/93INFOWORLDDateQuattroPro for DOSQuattro$99.9511/1/93INFOWORLDQuattro Pro 7Quattro$99Dec-96ByteTotalCorel Quattro Pro 7Quattro1002/18/9749PC MagazineLotus 1-2-3Lotus$495Jan-83Personal ComputingLotus SYMPHONYLotus$695Jan-85Byte1-23 Release 2Lotus495Jan-86140PC World1-2-3Lotus$495Sep-88Personal Computing1-2-3, 3.0Lotus$495Nov-89Personal Computing524h1-2-3, 2.2Lotus$495Nov-89Personal Computing626hLotus 1-2-3 Rel 3.1Lotus$59511/13/90PC Magazine792d1-2-3 Rel 2.3,3.1Lotus495Sep-91P C World821h1-2-3 for WindowsLotus335Sep-92P C World985d1-2-3 3.xxLotus399Sep-92P C World1024h1-2-3 V 1.1Lotus$49510/12/92INFOWORLD1178d1-2-3 Rel 3.4Lotus$59511/23/92INFOWORLD1234hLotusLotus$99.958/30/93INFOWORLD1-2-3 Win 4Lotus$49511/1/93INFOWORLD1-2-3 /DOS Rel 3.4Lotus$49511/1/93INFOWORLD1-2-3 Rel 4 DOSLotus350Jan-94100P C WorldLotus 1-2-3 for Windows Release 5.0Lotus4959/27/94PC Magazine1-2-3 for '97Lotus$329Dec-96ByteLotus 1-2-3 "97 BetaLotus3292/18/97105PC MagazineLotus 1-2-3 '97Lotus399Mar-97149PC World1-2-3 Rel 3.1Lotus$595Jan PriceJuly PriceSoftware Price WarExcelExcel$495Mar-88PC World$329$299Software Price WarExcelExcel$495Sep-88Personal Computing$399$335Software Price WarExcel 2.1Excel$495Nov-89Personal Computing$429$399Software Price WarExcel 3.0Excel$495Feb-91ByteExcel 3.0Excel$495Sep-91P C WorldExcelExcel299Sep-92P C WorldExcel 4.0Excel$49510/12/92INFOWORLDExcel '97Excel3402/18/97110PC Magazinep. 8 "Borland Cuts Price of QuattroPro" Doug Barney QuattroPro for DOS will go to street price of $100, list price of $495 unchanged, probably 90-day promotionSuperCalc 3other$395May-84Personal Computingp. 1 Doug Barney - "QuattroPro Gets Lowball Price of $49"Javelinother$7003/11/86PC Magazine"Lotus counters with 90 'introductory price' of $99.95 for WorkGroup Edition'VP-Plannerother$149.95Apr-86PC WorldThe Twinother$145Aug-86PC MagazineSuperCalc4other$4957/1/87100PC WorldVP-Planner Plusother$179Sep-88Personal ComputingLucid 3-Dother$199Sep-88Personal ComputingSuperCalc4other$495Sep-88Personal ComputingSmart IIother$349Nov-89Personal ComputingPlanPerfect 5.0other$495Nov-89Personal ComputingTwin Level IIIother$249Nov-89Personal ComputingSuperCalc5other$149Sep-91P C WorldWingz 1.1Aother$499Sep-91P C WorldSep-92P C WorldStan Liebowitz:because of suites, I switch to dataquest&APage &PPC PriceMac PricePC ShareMac ShareWholesale PricesMarket ShareFig 8.15: Excel in PC and Mac Markets000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000Stan Liebowitz:ashton-tate product is added in hereStan Liebowitz:because suites began, and IDC doesn't deal with them until 1994, I switch back to Dataquest in main work.Stan Liebowitz:same as previousStan Liebowitz:same as previousExcelL 1-2-3Resolve (claris)Wingz (Informix)Figure 8.14: Mac Spreadsheet Shares00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000Stan Liebowitz:since this is for the Windows market, there is no chance to be confused with multiplan000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ExcelLotusQuattroFigure 8.9: Prices over time0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000Borland0000000000000000000000000000000lotus00000000000000000000000000000Excel00000000readers surveyreaders surveyP C WorldDateProductRatingP C WorldDateProductRatingAverage of RatingDateDec-93Excel34%Average of RatingDateDec-93Excel34%Product11/1/8411/1/8510/1/8710/1/8811/1/8910/1/9010/1/9112/1/9212/1/93Dec-93Quattro for Win12%Product11/1/8411/1/8510/1/8710/1/8811/1/8910/1/9010/1/9112/1/9212/1/93Dec-93Quattro20%Excel0.210.220.150.250.420.34Dec-93Quattro8%Excel0.210.220.150.250.420.34Dec-931-2-316%Multiplan0.110.070.05Dec-931-2-3 Win8%Lucid 3-D0.02Dec-93Others30%Others0.130.080.160.20.140.110.060.020.3Dec-931-2-3.xx8%Multiplan0.110.070.05Quattro0.120.120.230.310.270.2Dec-93Others30%Others0.090.080.120.180.140.110.060.020.3Dec-92Excel42%SuperCalc0.060.080.090.040.040.040.01Quattro0.120.120.230.310.270.08Dec-92Quattro27%Symphony0.060.030.030.03Dec-92Excel42%Quattro for Win0.12Dec-921-2-329%1-2-30.70.710.670.40.450.470.370.290.16Dec-92Quattro27%SuperCalc0.060.080.090.040.040.040.01Dec-92Others2%Dec-921-2-3.xx21%Symphony0.060.030.030.03Dec-921-2-3 Win8%VisiCalc0.04Oct-91Quattro31%Dec-92Others2%VP-Planner0.04Oct-91Excel25%1-2-3 Win0.080.08Oct-911-2-337%Oct-91Quattro31%1-2-3.xx0.70.710.670.40.450.470.370.210.08Oct-91SuperCalc1%Oct-91Excel25%Oct-91Others6%Oct-911-2-3.xx37%Oct-91SuperCalc1%Oct-901-2-347%Oct-91Others6%Oct-90Quattro23%Oct-90Excel15%Oct-901-2-3.xx47%Oct-90SuperCalc4%Oct-90Quattro23%Oct-90Others11%Oct-90Excel15%Oct-90SuperCalc4%Nov-891-2-345%Oct-90Others11%Nov-89Excel22%Nov-89Quattro12%Nov-891-2-3.xx45%Nov-89SuperCalc4%Nov-89Excel22%Nov-89Symphony3%Nov-89Quattro12%Nov-89Others14%Nov-89SuperCalc4%Nov-89Symphony3%Oct-881-2-340%Nov-89Others14%Oct-88Excel21%Oct-88Quattro12%Oct-881-2-3.xx40%Oct-88SuperCalc4%Oct-88Excel21%Oct-88Symphony3%Oct-88Quattro12%Oct-88Others20%Oct-88SuperCalc4%Oct-88Symphony3%10/1/871-2-367%Oct-88Lucid 3-D2%10/1/87SuperCalc9%Oct-88Others18%10/1/87Multiplan5%10/1/87Symphony3%10/1/871-2-3.xx67%10/1/87Others16%10/1/87SuperCalc9%10/1/87Multiplan5%Nov-851-2-371%10/1/87VP-Planner4%Nov-85Multiplan7%10/1/87Symphony3%Nov-85SuperCalc8%10/1/87Others12%Nov-85Symphony6%Nov-85Others8%Nov-851-2-3.xx71%Nov-85Multiplan7%Nov-841-2-370%Nov-85SuperCalc8%Nov-84Multiplan11%Nov-85Symphony6%Nov-84SuperCalc6%Nov-85Others8%Nov-84Others13%Nov-841-2-3.xx70%Nov-84Multiplan11%Nov-84SuperCalc6%Nov-84VisiCalc4%Nov-84Others9%Stan Liebowitz:ver 5Stan Liebowitz:ver 3Stan Liebowitz:ver 5Stan Liebowitz:ver 4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ExcelLucid 3-DMultiplanOthersQuattroQuattro for WinSuperCalcSymphonyVisiCalcVP-Planner1-2-3 Win1-2-3.xxPC World Reader Ratings000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000Stan Liebowitz:ver 5Stan Liebowitz:ver 5Stan Liebowitz:ver 4Stan Liebowitz:ver 3ExcelMultiplanOthersQuattroSuperCalcSymphony1-2-3Figure 8.1. PC World Reader Ratings000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ExcelQuattro1-2-3Figure 8.1. PC World Reader Ratings000000000000000000000000000198819881988198919891989199019901990199119911991199219921992199319931993199419941994LotusBorlandMicrosoft7512.512.57741963191958.29280692447.46846278433.850565085937.54727115248.930617723551.053261789439.9158290837.871217243851.4504077102000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ExcelMultiplanQuattroSuperCalc1-2-3Figure 8.6: PC World Reader Ratings000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000Table 8.1: ExcelMagazine/ArticleDateCommentsByte: "New Extra's for Excel," Andrew Reinhardt p. 136Feb-91"unassailability of vision" p. 138, HIGHLY RECOMMENDPC Magazine: "First Looks" p 33. Craig Stinson10/11/90"new Macintosh spreadsheet, just introduced for Windows and OS/2 markets is the most graphical of all spreadsheets." "least compatible of major spreadsheet programs" "charting options unparalleled" "comes up short in the services it provides for routinePC Magazine: Spreadsheet Analysis p. 185 Craig Stinson7/1/89- "About a year and a half ago, something happened. Microsoft introduced Excel, a revolutionary advance over SuperCalc, 1-2-3, and everything else in the field." "more spreadsheet than 1-2-3" "more solid product than QuattroPro"PC Magazine: "Spreadsheet Analysis" Douglas Cobb & Stephen Cobb p1393/28/89"Microsoft's Excel is the most powerful spreadsheet on the market today." p 139PC Magazine: First Looks p.33 Craig Stinson1/31/89- "For well over a year, spreadsheet users who needed to generate gorgeous printed reports from their worksheets have had one product to rely on: Microsoft Excel." p 33PC World: 'Excel: Should You Switch?' Ralph Soucie p. 108Mar-88"now a serious challenger- indeed, a better product has made its debut: Microsoft Excel." p 108 "if you're training new spreadsheet users, Excel is definitely the product of choice." p.115 for Release 2"Byte: Rich Malloy p. 155 "Excel Extraordinaire"Mar-88New for IBM, "rare product that combines ease of use and exceptional power" p. 157PC Magazine1/12/88AWARD FOR TECHNICAL EXCELLENCE p.176INFOWORLD: Software Review p. 55 John Walkenbach1/11/88"the industry's most customizable spreadsheet" "takes the industry standard and improves on it in the ways that matter most"P C Magazine: "A New Face for Spreadsheets" p 103 Jared Taylor12/22/87"feature for feature, Excel is far better than 1-2-3." p. 111 "greater hardware demands only con"INFOWORLD: 'Microsoft's PC Spreadsheet Sets New Standard' p. 41John Walkenbach-12/21/87"Microsoft has a winner here" " one of the year's most innovative products, more powerful and more forward looking than any other spreadsheet on the market"Table 8.2: QuattroMagazineDateCommentsByte: Andrew Reinhardt p. 156Nov-90"Quattro Pro is probably your best answer" p. 157 DOSPersonal Computing: Joseph Devlin p. 145Apr-90"head and shoulders above Lotus" "requires add-ins to get Lotus to this level"P C World: 'Seven Sensible Spreadsheets' Richard Scoville p. 116Apr-90Quattro Pro 1.0 BEST BUY- "determined to do 1-2-3 2.2 better in every critical area, and it achieves that goal in spades." p. 119PC Magazine1/16/90QP "this is the top dog spreadsheet" p.98AWARDS FOR TECHNICAL EXCELLENCEPC Magazine: First Looks p. 33 Craig Stinson -12/26/89"noticeably slower times than competition." p. 35Byte: Rich Malloy p. 111Nov-89"advantages of Excel with 1-2-3 compatability." p. 112INFOWORLD: "Spreadsheet Matches 1-2-3, Even Passes It in Some Areas" p. 50 John Walkenbach8/22/88"multilevel Undo and Re-do,and background re-calculation(feature shared with Excel)"Byte: "Double Threats to Lotus 1-2-3" Diana Gabaldon p. 167Jun-88"all of Lotus's main features & extras at a lower price" " both have advantages over 1-2-3"P C World: "Quattro Goes 1-2-3 Better" William Urschel p. 108Apr-88adds some functionality but doesn't quite match power of 1-2-3, missed overall vote of excellentPublications & DatesJournalPublished SinceMcDermott LocationP C Computing88QA76.5 P36PC Magazine86QA76.8 .I1015PC World83QA76.8 I2594MacWorld89QA76.8 .M3MacUser90QA75.8 .M3 M36P C Week83QA75.5 .P37Personal Computing77QA76.5 .P3937Computer World82QA76 .C5816Datamation80T 175. M26Infoworld80QA76.5 .I478Inside MacIntosh85QA76.8 .M3R67Information Week85QA75.5 .I5344&APage &P

Chart7198819881988198919891989199019901990199119911991199219921992199319931993199419941994199519951995199619961996199719971997ExcelQuattroLotusFigure 8.12: Revenue Share of SS9.72.568.612.13.669.215.39.766.123.248222666210.316667441162.044049997740.083447296710.574636551342.736688065649.45255535686.417668553639.906583764266.41811837643.602626864328.186242310879.28749902063.483901940316.439708920384.09913760282.434349984413.435809010191.52886971041.08530025927.3544769118raw dataProgram$ /$upg.DatePublicationOverall RatingEditors' ChoiceQuotes/CommentsExcelqp (wingzLotusotherQuattro Pro 8Feb-98PC World6.9p 143. "Microsoft Excel gets our nod thanks to its detailed analysis tools, near flawless formatting, and customizability."Lotus 1-2-3 '97Feb-98*EXHIBIT 1*7.5Excel '97Feb-988.81Excel 97Aug-97pc computingfirstyes1Quattro Pro 8Aug-97pc computingsecondLotus 1-2-3Aug-97pc computingthirdQuattro Pro 7.0Jul-97P C WorldMicrosoft Excel '97, Runner-Up Quattro Pro 7.01Excel '97Jul-97P C WorldYESTHE BEST PRODUCTS OF 1997' James A. Martin p. 123Lotus 1-2-3 '97399/149Mar-97PC W