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National Child Passenger Safety Certification Training ProgramNational Child Passenger Safety Certification Training ProgramNational Child Passenger Safety Certification Training ProgramNational Child Passenger Safety Certification Training Program
Module 8Module 8
Children in Rear-Facing Car SeatsChildren in Rear-Facing Car Seats
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Module 8 ObjectivesModule 8 Objectives
• Describe why children should travel rear-facing.
• Identify types of rear-facing car seats.
• Apply 5 steps for rear-facing car seat use.
• Explain best practices and caregiver choices about rear-facing car seats.
• Identify rear-facing car seat errors and consequences.
Children’s Bodies Change as They Grow
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Why Children Should Travel Rear-FacingWhy Children Should Travel Rear-Facing
2 Types of Rear-Facing Car Seats2 Types of Rear-Facing Car Seats
8-5Convertible
Rear-facing-only
Rear-Facing-Only Car SeatsRear-Facing-Only Car Seats
• Check car seat label for starting weight.
• In general, top of child’s head should be well contained within shell and at least 1 inch from topof shell.
• Harness needs to be snug at or below child’s shoulders.
• Caregivers should NEVER use rear-facing seat above height or weight limits designated by manufacturer.
8-6
Rear-Facing Convertible Car SeatsRear-Facing Convertible Car Seats
• Many new car seats are approved for rear-facing for up to 40+ pound children.
• Children commonly sit with legs crossed or resting on back of vehicle seat – low injury risk.
• Older children with poor head control and other children with special needs may benefit from staying rear-facing as long as possible.
8-7
5 Steps for Car Seat Use5 Steps for Car Seat Use
1. Selection: Choose the right car seat.
2. Direction: Face the car seat the right way.
3. Location: Install the car seat in an appropriate location in the vehicle.
4. Installation: Secure the car seat to vehicle in the right way.
5. Harnessing: Place the child correctly in the car seat.
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Rear-Facing Car Seat SelectionRear-Facing Car Seat Selection
• Select for the child’s height, weight, development levels, AND that caregiver can use correctly.
• Select with an adjustable harness height to offer options for rapidly growing infant.
• Some have multiple positions for crotch straps for better fit as child grows.
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Rear-Facing Car Seat DirectionRear-Facing Car Seat Direction
• Under age 1 ALWAYS ride rear-facing.
• Stay rear-facing AS LONG AS POSSIBLE – until reaching the top height or weight limit.
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Rear-Facing Car Seat LocationRear-Facing Car Seat Location
• Not all seats are suitable for installing a car seat. Check manufacturer instructions.
• Always ask, “Who rides in this vehicle? Where will each person sit?”
• Turn off air bag if necessary to place child in thefront seat.
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Rear-Facing Car Seat InstallationRear-Facing Car Seat Installation
• Rear-facing car seat spreads crash forces.
• Correct angle helps keep airway open.
• Know car seat recline angle.
• Use recline angle and adjustor.
• Adjust to accommodate the seat and vehicle slope.
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Recline AngleRecline Angle
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Seat Belt or Lower Anchors
• Car seats can be installed with a seat belt or with lower anchor attachments – usually NOT both.
• While the systems are different, they are equally safe.
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Install a Rear-Facing Car SeatInstall a Rear-Facing Car Seat
Common Rear-Facing Car SeatCommon Rear-Facing Car SeatInstallation ErrorsInstallation Errors
• Seat belt or lower anchor attachment that is too loose or not locked
• Rear-facing-only car seat that is facing forward
• Seat belt or lower anchor attachments routed incorrectly
• Incorrect recline angle especially for an infant
• Using 2 seat belts or using a seat belt and lower anchor attachments together (must be allowed by BOTH the vehicle and car seat manufacturer)
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Common Rear-Facing Car SeatCommon Rear-Facing Car SeatInstallation Errors Installation Errors (continued)(continued)
• Incorrect use of lower anchor connectors and tethers
• Not using appropriate tether anchor or using a tether when it should not be used (most convertible car seats do not tether when rear-facing)
• Locking clip installed incorrectly
• Carrying handle not used in the approved position for vehicle travel
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Common Rear-Facing Car SeatCommon Rear-Facing Car SeatHarnessing ErrorsHarnessing Errors
• Harness not used and child just sitting in car seat
• Harness straps that are too loose
• Retainer clip not at armpit level
• Harness routed through wrong slots
• Harness not doubled-back through buckle type metal adjuster, if it requires double-back to secure the harness
• Harness is twisted
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Common Rear-Facing Car SeatCommon Rear-Facing Car SeatHarnessing Errors Harnessing Errors (continued)(continued)
• Harness not placed on child correctly
• Harness frayed or damaged
• Metal adjuster not flush with slot or out of position
• Crotch strap adjusted too long
• Harness not at or below shoulder
• Crotch strap not through slot closest to child
• Harness incorrectly routed
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AAP Recommendations for Small & Premature Children
• Monitor all children born before 37 weeks before they leave hospital for possible breathing problems or slowing of heart rate when sitting in a semi-reclined position
• Physician determines how children will ride
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How to Fit Small & Prematurely BornHow to Fit Small & Prematurely BornInfants in Car SeatsInfants in Car Seats
• Use a rear-facing car seat with small internal harness dimensions.
• Use a car seat designed for the child’s low weight.
• Center child in a car seat with rolled receiving blankets and a crotch roll, if necessary.
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How to Fit Children in Car BedsHow to Fit Children in Car Beds
• Secure child in car bed with the internal harness or bunting.
• Place child’s head toward center of vehicle – NOT next to door.
• Use seat belt to anchor car bed lengthwise on vehicle seat.
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How to Fit Children with How to Fit Children with Breathing ProblemsBreathing Problems
• May require child to lie flat or use a non-conventional car seat.
• Semi-reclined position of car seat could make breathing problems worse.
• Children may need to travel with secured special medical equipment.
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Key Questions Related to Key Questions Related to Rear-Facing Car SeatsRear-Facing Car Seats
• What are the age, height, and weight of the child?
• Does the child have any special needs such as being very small, premature, or other physical or developmental needs?
• What does the car seat owner’s manual or label say about the minimum and maximum heights and weights for the child using this car seat?
• Is the car seat a rear-facing-only or convertible type?
• Does the rear-facing-only car seat have a base? Can it be installed without a base?
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Key Questions Related to Key Questions Related to Rear-Facing Car SeatsRear-Facing Car Seats (continued) (continued)
• Is the car seat facing the correct direction in the vehicle?
• Is the car seat in an appropriate seating position in the vehicle according to the vehicle and car seat manufacturers?
• Is the car seat installed tightly?
• Is the car seat secured by a seat belt or with lower anchor attachments?
• Is the car seat at the correct recline angle?
• Is the harness being used correctly?
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Car Seat Errors & ConsequencesCar Seat Errors & Consequences
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Car Seat Errors & Consequences Car Seat Errors & Consequences (continued)(continued)
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Car Seat Errors & Consequences Car Seat Errors & Consequences (continued)(continued)
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Car Seat Errors & Consequences Car Seat Errors & Consequences (continued)(continued)
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Car Seat Errors & Consequences Car Seat Errors & Consequences (continued)(continued)
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