1. National Child Passenger Safety Certification Training Program National Child Passenger Safety Certification Training ProgramModule 9 Children in Forward-Facing Car Seats9-1

2. Module 9 Objectives Describe when children should travel forwardfacing. Identify types of forward-facing car seats. Apply 5 steps for forward-facing car seat use. Explain best practices about forward-facing car seats to caregivers. Identify forward-facing car seat errors and consequences.9-2 3. When Children Should Travel Forward-Facing Remain rear-facing until reaching the top height or weight limit allowed by the car seat manufacturer. Ride forward-facing with a harness until they reach top height or weight limit allowed by car seat manufacturer usually until between ages 4 to 7. Use a harnessed car seat with a harness approved for a height or weight limit greater than that of the child. 9-3 4. Types of Forward-Facing Car Seats Five TypesConvertible Combination Forward-facing-only Large medical seats or vests Integrated seats9-4 5. Convertible Car Seat9-5 6. Combination Car Seat9-6 7. Forward-Facing-Only Car Seat9-7 8. Medical Seats & Vests9-8 9. Integrated Seats9-9 10. Harness Fit Snug harness lies flat and passes pinch test Sit with back and bottom flat against car seat back Harness placed through proper slots, usually at or above childs shoulders Harness straps placed over the shoulders and buckled at crotch Retainer clip at armpit level9-10 11. 5 Steps for Car Seat Use 1. Selection: Choose the right car seat. 2. Direction: Face the car seat the right way. 3. Location: Install the car seat in an appropriate location in the vehicle. 4. Installation: Secure the car seat to vehicle in the right way. 5. Harnessing: Place the child correctly in the car seat.9-11 12. Install a Forward-Facing Car Seat9-12 13. Common Car Seat Installation Errors Seat belt or lower anchor connector that is too loose or not locked Rear-facing-only car seat that is forward-facing Seat belt or lower anchor connectors routed incorrectly through wrong belt path Recline angle not adjusted appropriately for forward-facing direction Using 2 seat belts or using a seat belt and lower anchor connectors together (unless allowed)9-13 14. Common Car Seat Installation Errors (continued) Incorrect use of lower anchors and tethers, not installing lower anchor connectors to correct designated lower anchor bars or attaching connectors upside down Not using appropriate tether anchor or using it when it should not be used (when applicable) Locking clip installed incorrectly9-14 15. Common Car Seat Installation Errors (continued) Installing a car seat with lower anchors in a seating position that is not a designated LATCH position Installing a seat with LATCH when child weighs more than the vehicle and/or car seat LATCH weight limits9-15 16. 4 Steps to Correctly Harness a Child in a Car Seat 1.Place child all the way back in car seat.2.Put harness straps over the shoulders and buckle at the crotch.3.Tighten harness straps snugly. You should NOT be able to pinch excess webbing at the shoulders once harness is buckled.4.Secure and place harness retainer clip at armpit level.9-16 17. Common Car Seat Harnessing Errors Harness not used (child just sitting in car seat) Harness straps too loose Retainer clip not at armpit level Harness routed through the wrong slots. (NOTE: A harness may look as though it is properly routed through the pad, but it may not be routed correctly through the shell.)9-17 18. Common Car Seat Harnessing Errors (continued) Harness twisted or incorrectly routed Harness not placed on the child correctly Harness frayed or damaged M etal adjuster not flush with slot or out of position Crotch strap adjusted too long or not through slot closest to child9-18 19. Which part of this installation is an error? Scenario: A 2 -year-old, 30-pound child is in a forward-facing combination seat with a snug harness. The latchplate is sliding and the retractor is switchable in the emergency locking retractor mode.9-19 20. Key Questions to Answer Regarding Forward-Facing Car Seats What are the age, weight, and height of the child? What does the car seat owners manual (or label) say about the minimum and maximum weights and heights for the child using this car seat? What type of forward-facing car seat is this? Is the car seat facing the right way in the vehicle?9-20 21. Key Questions to Answer Regarding Forward-Facing Car Seats (continued) Considering everyone who rides in this vehicle, is the car seat in the best seating position? Is the car seat secured by a seat belt or with lower anchor connectors? Is the car seat installed tightly? Is the top tether used if present/able?9-21 22. LATCH & Tether UseCourtesy of The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaLoose LATCH & No Tether Loose LATCH & No TetherSecure LATCH &&Tether Secure LATCH Tether Secure LATCH &Tether9-22 23. Belt Routing & TethersCourtesy of The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Incorrect Belt Routing & No Tether Correct Belt Routing With Tether9-23 24. Car Seat Errors & Consequences9-24 25. Car Seat Errors & Consequences (continued)9-25 26. Car Seat Errors & Consequences (continued)9-26 27. Car Seat Errors & Consequences (continued)9-27 28. Car Seat Errors & Consequences (continued)9-28