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Modal Modal AuxiliariesAuxiliaries

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Modal Auxiliaries

Modal Auxiliaries

Modal Auxiliaries

Modal Auxiliaries

“ Each modal has more than one meaning or use “

Will, Would, Shall, Should, Ought to, Can, Could, May, Might, Must, Had

better, Need and Dare.

“They are helping verbs that express a wide range of meanings”

Modal Auxiliaries

Modal Auxiliaries are immediately followed by the simple form of a

verb. They are not followed by to. The main verb does not have a final –s. The main verb is not in a past form. The main verb is not in its –ing.

Modal Auxiliaries

Modal Auxiliaries

1. Possibility

Modals Time Meaning

WillMust

FuturePast/Present

Pasti

ShouldOught to

Future Kemungkinan besar

MayMightCould

Past/Present/Future Mungkin

For example. If A is bigger than B and B is bigger than C, then A must

be bigger than C. John : Where is Sue?

Ed : I don’t really know. She may be studying in her room, or she might be at the library.

Modal Auxiliaries

2. Impossibility

Modals Time Meaning

Could notCannot

Past/Present/Future Tidak mungkin

Must not Past/Present/Future Pasti tidak

May notMight not

Past/Present/Future Mungkin tidak

For example. Rio couldn’t have taken your expensive dictionay

yesterday because he had been with me all day. You may have forgotten to put it.

Note: Degree of uncertainty in - / ?

Conclussion meaning.Cont. Form : S + modal + be + Ving.Past form: S + modal + have + V3.

Modal Auxiliaries

3. Wishes

Modals Time Meaning

May Present/Future Semoga, Mudah2an

For example. May he come here on time tonight. May Ann’s father not forget her. May she be happy now.

Note: special form : May + S + Vbi.

Modal Auxiliaries

4. Ability

For example. They can speak Spain fluently. Sherina could run fast when she was a child Sherina was able to run fast yesterday.

Note: In negative form, there is no difference in meaning

between Could and Be able to. In affirmative form, if there is a particular time in the past, only be able to is used. Could is used when an adverbial clause is performed.

Modals Time Meaning

Can Present/Future Mampu, Bisa, Dapat

Could Past Mampu, Bisa, Dapat

Be able to All tenses Mampu, Bisa, Dapat

Modal Auxiliaries

5. Necessity

For example. I must go home tomorrow. You don’t have to shout. I had to go to class yesterday.

Note Must : Internal Obligation

e.g. I must go to the meeting. Because I go there, I will get some important information.

Have to : External Obligatione.g. I have to go to the meeting because my boss ordered me to go there.

Modals Time Meaning

Must Present/Future Harus

Have to Present/Future Harus

Had to Past Harus

Modal Auxiliaries

6. Prohibition

For example. She must not go out now because she is still fever. You must not enter the room. There is a meeting inside.

Modals Time Meaning

Must not Present/Future Tidak boleh/jangan

7. Suggestion

For example. X : My wife was angry with me yesterday.

Y : You could have been patient, or you could have asked yourself what you had done.

Modals Time Meaning

Could Past/Present/FutureSebaiknya/seharusnya

Modal Auxiliaries

8. Advisability

For example. X : I failed on my exam.

Y : You should have studied hard before the exam. You had better stop smoking, or I’ll leave you.

Note: Past form : S + modal + have + V3. Had better is a strong advice. It implies a warning or

threat of possible bad consequences.

Modals Time Meaning

ShouldOught to

Past/Present/FutureSeharusnya/sebaiknya

Had better Present/Future Lebih baik

Modal Auxiliaries

9. Habitual Action in the past

For example. When I was a child, I would visit my grand mother every

weekend. X : Did you use to have breakfast at Baliku Cafe?

Y : Yes. I used to have breakfast at Baliku Cafe when I stayed in Pare.

Modals Time Meaning

Would Past Dulu terbiasa

Used to Past Dulu terbiasa

Modal Auxiliaries

10. Preference

For example. X : Where did you go last night?

Y : I didn’t go anywhere. I would rather have watched TV than gone for a walk.

X : Do you want to join us now? We are going to Mirota Beach.Y : No, I’m tired. I would rather be staying at home than going to the beach.

Note : Other forms expressing preference. S + prefer + pro(noun) + to + pro(noun). S + prefer + V-ing + to + V-ing. S + prefer + to inf + than + (to) inf.

Modals Time Meaning

Would rather Past/Present/Future Lebih suka

Modal Auxiliaries

11. Request

For example. May I borrow your pen (please)? Would you (please) pass the salt?

Note : Other forms of Would you ... ? Would you like + to inf ... ? Would you mind + V-ing ... ? Would you mind + if + I + V2 ... ?

Modal Time Meaning

Subject “I”Can, Could,May, Might

Present/Future Bolehkah ... ?

Subject “You”Can, Could,Will, Would

Present/Future Maukah ... ?

Modal Auxiliaries

Note: Semi Modal

Need Meaning Dare Meaning

As Noun

Studying is not my

obligation, but it is my

need.

KebutuhanI take your

dare.Tantangan

As Ordinary

Verb

She needs not only me but also my

love.

Membutuhkan/

memerlukan

She doesn’t dare to look

at me.Berani

As Auxiliary

Verb

You needn’t worry about the problem.

Harus/perluI dare see her parent

tonight.Berani

Matur Thank You Engkang So Much