Modal Verb

Meaning

• A modal verb is a type of verb which is special verbs that behave irregularly in English and used to indicate modality

Characteristics

• Never change form. There is no s in singular• There is no do/does in question.• There is no don’t/doesn’t in negative• Always followed by an infinitive without "to"• Used with other verbs to express various things like

permission, certainty, possibility, willingness, obligation, necessity, ability

Affirmative Sentences

Subject + Modal Verb + Verb Infinitive

Negative Sentences

Subject + Modal Verb + not + Verb Infinitive

Interrogative sentences

Modal Verb + Subject + Verb Infinitive

List

• Can• Could• Will• Would• Shall• Should• May• Might• Must• Have to• Ought to

Can

1.Use in  Ability      or  things that you can't do it–I can drive a car.        –She can type 60 words per minutes.       –I can’t drive a car.        –She can’t  type 60 words per minutes. 

2.Use in   Permission     –Can I enter the room?        –Yes, you can. 

3.Use in   Possibility     –She can finish her work by tomorrow.   

Could

1. Use to be can  Past Tense                            –When I was young , I could run fast.                          –I couldn’t understand your yesterday explanation.

2.Use In  A polite request (Present Simple )                            –Could I borrow your pen?                                –Could you tell me the time to go?                        

3. Could  + have + past participle Use in   A stunt or  skill that has not been used or Inoperative

–They could have started working two hours ago. –I could have finished it last year.    

Will

• will:-to talk about the future -to talk about what people want willing to do or plan-to make promises and offers-used to express determination, insistence, or persistence

Example

• She will be late for English class.• I will give you back some money after I found my wallet.

• Tomorrow I won’t come to school.

• Will you lend me a pencil?• When will she arrive the school?

Would

• would is the past tense form of will. It is used:-to talk about the past.-to talk about hypotheses-to express a wish or desire-for politeness

Example

• If Lookpla was hippo, she would eat watermelon.• I would like to have an iPhone 10.

• Dad wouldn’t lend me some money.

• Would you like to come to school tomorrow?• Where would you like to go?

Past Tense

Subject + Would + Have + Past Participle

Example: I would have slept, but I didn’t take a bath.

shall

Mainly used in American English to ask questions politely (it has more usages in British English). For the future tense, will is more frequently used in American English than shall.

1. Shall expresses certain laws and rulesExample:You shall obey the rules.Students shall not enter here.There shall be no food and drink on the premises.

c) Future expression and promisesExample:I shall be here at 7 tomorrow.

a) We use shall for offersExamples:Shall I pick you up from airport? Shall we dance?

2. Something take place or exist in the future

b) SuggestionExamples:Shall I open the window? What time shall we meet?

Should

"Should" is most commonly used to make recommendations or give advice. It can also be used to express obligation as well as expectation.

Use ‘should’ in present tense : Structure : Subject + should/shouldn’t + V. 1

Example:Sarah shouldn't smoke so much. It's not good for her health.

Use ‘should’ in past tense :Structure: Subject +Should/shouldn’t + have + V.3

Example:Frank should have eaten low-fat foods. That might have prevented his heart attack.

Use ‘should’ in future tense :Structure : Subject + should/shouldn’t + V.1

Example :Susan should be in New York by next week. Her new job starts on Monday.

May/Might

• It’s a Helping Verb that use for present about POSSIBILITY that use in Future or Present.

• Both of words are nothing different in meaning. So that may or might therefore, be used to mean "probably" not wrong too.

• Might use in Past Tense when talking about an event that happened in the past.

May

• May use in Present Tense when talking about a current situation.

• We use 'may' to suggest something is possible.

It may rain later today.Punch may come with us.

Might

• Might use in Past Tense when talking about an event that happened in the past.

• We use 'might' to suggest a small possibility of something

She might be at home by now but it's not sure at all.I might see you tomorrow.

Must

• used to express certainty.• used to express necessity or strong recommendation.• for rule

Example

• You’re student, you must wear the uniform.

• That must not be Lookpla and Namtan.

• Must you leave right now?

Past Tense

Subject + Must + Have + Past Participle

Example: I must have worn correct socks.

Have to

"Have to" is used to express certainty, necessity, and obligation.

Structure : Subject + auxiliary verb + have + to-infinitive

Use ‘Have to’ in present tense :

Example :She doesn't have to read "Grapes of Wrath." It's optional reading for extra credit

Use ‘Have to’ in past tense :

Example :That has to have been the right restaurant. There were no other restaurants on the street.

Use ‘Have to’ in future tense :

Example :Mind will have to finish the other books before the final exam.

Ought to

• When using ought to which means "something you should do" because it's the rule and it shows "should be in the future“

• Which shows that the event didn't really happened. The event that happened was opposite of what has been told

For example: You should have come to the party yesterday. • Do not do anything in the past but you do it already.For example: The party was boring.  I shouldn’t  have gone

there.  

Ought to+have+past participle

• Do not do anything in the past but you do it already.For example: The party was boring.  I oughtn’t  have gone there. 

• When we use in negative sentence you must put not in the back of ought

For example: We oughtn't to go to the cinema tonight.

Ought to+have+past participle