Models for Knowledge Transfer – an Intellectual Property approach
September 29, Trieste
Ulf Petrusson
Professor of Law, School of Business Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg
Professor II, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Director, Center for Intellectual Property, Chalmers University of
Technology and University of Gothenburg Director, Institute for Innovation and Social Change, University
of Gothenburg
Knowledge-transfer in Universities – an intellectual property approach
IAM model: Academic environments are enabled to take a proactive and integrated responsibility for their research result
Venture creation model: Researchers/students create ideas which are verified and commercialized by a university-based innovation system
Collaboration model: Researchers, together with lawyers etc., govern background and project results
Licensing model: Invention disclosures to TTO’s who file for patents and license
Licensing model
• Patentable inventions and other IPRs
• Inventor/inventors
• Technical description
• General purpose
• Advantages and improvements over existing methods, devices or materials
• Commercial potential
• Publication plan
The foundation in the Invention Disclosure connected to a TTO
Collaboration model
7
• Settings: – Research projects
– Research consortia
– Knowledge and innovation clusters
– Research and innovation arenas
• Elements: – Framework program regulation
– National regulation
– Model program contract
– Program contracts/policy
– Model project contract
– Project contracts/ policy
– Organizational solutions
– Internal contracts of the party
The foundation in the contractual governance of IP
IP-based collaboration
8
Background Project results
• Ownership • Access • Use • Conditions
Venture creation model
9
• The idea: – Unique solution
– Interested researcher/student
– A pre-business plan
– IP-based controllability
• The Innovation system: – Incubators
– E-ship-schools
– Seed capitalists
– Etc.
The foundation is the controllable idea
Spin-off?
10
• Research tools • Databases and information collections • Diagnostic tools • Production and development tools • System innovations • Features (elements in product concepts) • Content • Artistic work
• Education • Research results • Publication
• Products • Services per hr
IAM model: Academic environments are enabled to take a proactive and integrated responsibility for their research result
Public domain
Innovation process
Applicable to specific stakeholders
Contractual network
The academic environment acts to make knowledge available in open contractual structures/networks
The academic environment acts to make knowledge available as products and knowledge organizations
The academic environment acts to make knowledge available/ applicable to specific stakeholders
The academic environment acts to make knowledge available to the public
Assets are managed as portfolios in contract-based knowledge platforms
Assets are packaged as controlled ideas, which can be further developed as
innovations
Assets are managed as background and project results – may require
patentability or other types of control
Assets are transferred to the public domain without any intellectual
property right restrictions
The IAM-model
Research Education
Utilization
UTILISATION CONSIDERATIONS
The academic environment acts to make knowledge available in open contractual structures/networks
The academic environment acts to make knowledge available to the public
The academic environment acts to make knowledge available as innovation projects
Public domain Innovation process Contractual network Applicable to specific stakeholders
The academic environment acts to make knowledge applicable for specific stakeholders
*Assets are transferred to the public domain without any intellectual property right restrictions
*Assets are managed as back-ground and project results – which may require patentability or other types of control
*Assets are packaged as control-led ideas, which can be further developed as innovations.
*Assets are managed as portfol-ios of background and project results in contract-based knowledge platforms
Research results are made publically available through academic publishing Scientific articles Scientific books Reports Conference contributions
Research results are made publically available through academic education Courses, seminars and other educational efforts Handbooks and textbooks Other educational materials Research results are made publically available through popular science activities Popular science books Science radio/TV Debate articles, social media and other social dialogue Home pages etc. Other information material
Activities to make research result publically available in the public domain
accessibility + IAM + diffusion = societal resource
Activities to make research results applicable for users in society
Research results are made applicable through research activities Contract research Collaborative research Adjunct professors, industrial PhD’s and other researcher exchange
Research results are made applicable through educational activities Contract education Exam-work, student internships and similar Handbooks and other published training material Instructions, manuals, documented decision support and other information material Students are trained and hired Research results are made applicable through other knowledge transfer Positions of trust, e.g. expert positions and membership Partnership programs and other institutionalized collaboration Licensing Development projects Consultancy services Societal dialogue Researchers are employed by external actors
applicability + IAM + transfer = societal resource
Activities to develop research results into innovations
Research results are developed into innovations as processes integrated in research Social-innovation projects Projects on organizational and institutional innovations Projects on IT-based product- and service innovation, such as research tools and tools for diagnostics Research results are developed into innovation integrated in the education Student innovation projects By students in entrepreneurship schools etc. connected to the environment
Research results are developed into innovation outside the academic environment In a project incubator associated to the university By the TTO/innovation office In start-up-companies in a university incubator By a privately owned company By existing firms owned by researchers etc.
packaging of innovations + IAM + development = societal resource
Research results are included in educational platforms Databases for research purposes Openly developed software for research purposes Research consortia and other institutions where research results are contractually governed Research results are included in educational platforms Databases for educational purposes Openly developed software for educational purposes E-learning platforms and similar Research results are included in ”commons” Databases open for the public Open source software ”Creative commons” and similar contractually governed platforms Research results are included in open innovation platforms Databases for innovation purposes etc. Openly developed software Open and contractually governed innovation platforms Patent pools and other IPR-based platforms
Activities to include research results in open knowledge platforms
open inclusion + IAM + open access and usage = societal resource
SOCIETAL RESOURCE:
SOCIETAL IMPACT: To what extent do we contribute to concrete value creation in society?
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: To what extent have we taken a reasonable social responsibility from an academic point of view?
Research results are utilized in open contractual structures/networks The research result becomes a societal resource when it is included in databases and other platforms/ networks which through portfolio management is made openly available to different stakeholders
Open and free knowledge Innovation Knowledge platform Applicable knowledge
Idea och knowledge driven collaboration Societal resource
The chllenges of society are managed through independent academic research Through independent research, education and societal dialogue, we affect the society and create societal impact
Research results are utilized by being made applicable to specific stakeholders The research result becomes a societal resource when it is made applicable and transferred to stakeholder along with enough control to enable implementation
Research results are utilized through innovation processes The research result becomes a societal resource when it is identified as ideas that are controlled in projects to be developed as innovation processes in society
The challenges of society are managed through interactions with specific stakeholders Through collaborative research, education and other forms of partnerships with specific action, we affect society and therefore create societal impact
The challenges of society are managed in solution-focused projects Through driving need-based projects, we adress societal challenges and create societal impact
The challenges of society are managed in open knowledge platforms Through the development and governance of open platforms, we adress societal challenges and create societal impact
Research results are utilized by being made available to the public domain The research result becomes a societal resource when it is publically available with any intellectual property right restrictions
Challenge driven collaboration Social impact