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Submitted By SmritiSaraswat
Sonal Agarwal Shubham
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Period :- Late 18th
Century and 19 th centuryThe technological scope and social context of
architecture were brofoundlly attered by
industrial revolution that traditional concept
about the purpose & appearance of building lost
their validity.
In 1840 , leading artists , designers developed
new approaches to architecture.roup of architects , !ines "an der #ohe , $e
%orbusier , ran' $loyd (right . )ade a #evolt
against old traditional concepts and adopted
new revolutionary style !odern architecture.
It is design by technological and engineering
develop!ents during industrial revolution.
*vailabity of new !aterials such as iron ,
steel , concrete , and glass.
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Period :- Late 18th
Century and 19 th century
New sence of space was allied to the search for a newkind of architcture to meet the needs of life in 20 thcentury.Easy availability of materials such as steel , Iron
concrete glass.New aesthetic principles.
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Period :- Late 18th
Century and 19 th century
!e"ection of historial styles.
Materials and re#uirements$ functional %determine the result.
!e"ection of ornamentation.
&se of geometric forms.
'implification of form.
(doptation of e)posed structure.
salk institute
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Modernism:- established in 1920.
Modernism was started by *+
e -orbusier inrance
udwig Mies /an er!ohe in 1ermany
alter1ropius in1ermany.
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Modernism:- established in 1920.
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Modernism:- established in 1920.
-ritics *
8he abstract nature of brutalism makes thestyle*
&nfriendly and uncommunicative
or e)ample+the location of the entrance ofthe brutalist structure is rarely obvious to thevisitor.
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steel
Most suitable structural material forframing of hugecellular buildings.
;roduced uninterrupted spans over
openings.
'teel members can be rolled in shapessuch as,plates,angles,I beams,etc.
8his resulted into rigid continuous
structures thus producing thefundamental change in architecturaldesign.
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Reinforced cement concrete
Massive stone walls were replaced by!.-.- curtain walls.
;roduce large interior spaces
!oofs took wide range of shapes+ flat tobarrel vault,to shell roof.
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Prestressed concrete
8his was a new material which helpedbeyond imagination.
&sed in the construction of bridges and
hangers of air ships etc.
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lass
8ransparent to ultra voilet rays butopa#ue to infra red rays$heat%.
E)tensively used instead of
shades,blinds and curtains.
'heets of one way glass was largelyemployed in windows.
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Lamination and !ly"ood and !lastics
amination consists of glued layers ofwood.
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Le corbusier #a$e the fi$e !oints :-
ift the building on the coloumn off the ground.
!eplace the ground covered by building=sfootprint with the roof terrace.
et long windows stretch across thefacade , and from side to side of rooms.
et the plan be free flowing.
et the fa>ade be free composition ,able to respond to light, views or compositionaleffect.
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%iffel to"er
Named after its designer, engineer1ustave Eiffel, the tower was built
as the entrance arch to the4??5 orld@s air.
8he tower stands A2B metres$4,0CA ft% tall, about the sameheight as an ?4+storey building.
8hree hundred workers "oined
together 4?,0A? pieces ofpuddled iron$a very pure form of
structural iron%, using two and a halfmillion rivets, in a structural design
by Maurice Doechlin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Eiffelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_%281889%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puddled_ironhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Koechlinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Koechlinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puddled_ironhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_%281889%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Eiffel7/24/2019 Modern Architecture (2)_1
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%iffel to"er
&he !i# ironstructure of the %iffel &o"er
"ei#hs '()00 tonnes "hile the entirestructure( includin# non-metal com!onents(is a!!ro*imately 10(000 tonnes.
Careful e*amination of the to"er sho"s abasically e*!onential sha!e.
the lo"er section o$erdesi#ned to ensureresistance to "ind forces.
+n order to maintain a uniform a!!earanceto an obser$er on the #round( three se!aratecolours of !aint are used on the to"er( "iththe dar,est on the bottom and the li#htest atthe to!.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_ironhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_iron7/24/2019 Modern Architecture (2)_1
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%iffel to"er
&he only non-structural elements arethe four decorati$e #rill"or, arches.
"hich ser$ed to reassure $isitors that
the structure "as safe( and to frame$ie"s of other nearby architecture.
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illa sa$oye
illa sa$oye "as desi#ned by Lecorbusier in 1928-1929.
n early and classic e*em!le of the
/+nternational tyle/( "hich ho$ersabo$e a #rass !lane on thin concrete.
"ith stri! "indo"s( and a flat roof"ith a dec, area( ram!( and a fe"contained touches of cur$aceous
"alls.
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illa sa$oye
&he !lan "as set out usin# the!rinci!le ratios of the olden section:
+n this case a suare di$ided into
si*teen eual !arts( e*tended on t"osides to incor!orate the !roectin#fa3ades and then further di$ided to #i$ethe !osition of the ram! and theentrance.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_sectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_section7/24/2019 Modern Architecture (2)_1
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illa sa$oye
1round floor plan irst floor plan
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illa sa$oye
Elevation 'ection
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Crystal !alace
It was built to house thegreat industrial e)hibition of4?64.
8he -rystal ;alace was acast+ironand glassbuildingoriginally erected in
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Crystal !alace
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Crystal !alace
'ection
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Crystal !alace
etails
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4allin# "ater
5ri#ht6s !assion for 7a!anesearchitecture "as stron#ly reflected inthe desi#n of 4allin#"ater( !articularly inthe im!ortance of inter!enetratin#
e*terior and interior s!aces .
&he !roectin# cantile$ered roof ea$es(continuous bands of art-#lass "indo"s(and the use of Roman bric, em!hasiethe horiontal( "hich had rich
associations for 5ri#ht.
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4allin# "ater
or the cantilevered
floors, (right and his tea!
used upside down T+shaped
bea!s integrated into a
!onolithic concrete slabwhich both for!ed the
ceiling of the space below
and provided resistance
against co!pression.
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4allin# "ater
'ite plan
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4allin# "ater
plan
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4allin# "ater
Elevation
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4allin# "ater
'ection
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3ooks *+