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HistoryHistory
Ancient societiesAncient societies RevengeRevenge
Revenge still used todayRevenge still used today
__________________________________
__________________________________
Drive-by ShootingsDrive-by Shootings
Mafia Mafia AssassinationsAssassinations
Responses to CrimesResponses to Crimes
RetributionRetribution
DeterrenceDeterrence
ConfinementConfinement
DeportationDeportation
SentencingSentencing
Colonial AmericaColonial AmericaCorporal PunishmentCorporal Punishment
Public flogging Public flogging
BrandingBranding
DunkingDunking
Placement in stocksPlacement in stocks
Keel haulingKeel hauling
Walk the plankWalk the plank
First Long-Term ConfinementFirst Long-Term Confinement1790 in Philadelphia1790 in Philadelphia
Walnut Street Jail Walnut Street Jail Quakers convinced legislature to set Quakers convinced legislature to set
aside one wing of jail for long-term aside one wing of jail for long-term confinementconfinement
First attempt at reformingFirst attempt at reforming Inmate lived aloneInmate lived alone Ate aloneAte alone Worked aloneWorked alone Solitary confinementSolitary confinement
To think about offenses and become penitentTo think about offenses and become penitent
Auburn Prison New YorkAuburn Prison New York18161816
Confinement to punish was first Confinement to punish was first adoptedadopted
Discipline was enforced by whippingDiscipline was enforced by whipping
Prisoners were not allowed to talkPrisoners were not allowed to talk Silence used to control prisonersSilence used to control prisoners Ate and worked together in silenceAte and worked together in silence
Jails and Prisons were Jails and Prisons were separated - 1850separated - 1850
Jails to hold persons not yet Jails to hold persons not yet convicted and some minor sentencesconvicted and some minor sentences
Prisons housed convicted felonsPrisons housed convicted felons Person sentenced to prison for Person sentenced to prison for
punishmentpunishment Conditions were harshConditions were harsh
18641864
Taxpayers reluctant to spend money to Taxpayers reluctant to spend money to house and feed inmateshouse and feed inmates
Hire out inmates to private companiesHire out inmates to private companies Some companies built factories on prison Some companies built factories on prison
grounds and paid inmates a state feegrounds and paid inmates a state fee Inmates were leased to private contractorsInmates were leased to private contractors
Work amounted to slaveryWork amounted to slavery Work and living conditions causes thousands of Work and living conditions causes thousands of
deathsdeaths Many inmates escapedMany inmates escaped
18701870
National Prison Association (now National Prison Association (now ____________________________________________________) was ) was foundedfounded Adopted the principle of reformationAdopted the principle of reformation Prison reformPrison reform Community treatment programs startedCommunity treatment programs started Ultimate goal return inmates to society Ultimate goal return inmates to society
as better citizensas better citizens
American Correctional AssociationAmerican Correctional Association
Components of the Criminal Components of the Criminal Justice SystemJustice System
Law Enforcement AgenciesLaw Enforcement Agencies
JailsJails
CourtsCourts
CorrectionsCorrections
Probation and ParoleProbation and Parole
Law Enforcement AgenciesLaw Enforcement Agencies Operate at:Operate at:
FederalFederal StateState CountyCounty CityCity
Responsible for:Responsible for: Prevention of crimePrevention of crime Investigation of crimeInvestigation of crime Apprehension of criminalsApprehension of criminals
JailsJails
Usually operated by Local Law Usually operated by Local Law EnforcementEnforcement
House Misdemeanors & Gross House Misdemeanors & Gross MisdemeanorsMisdemeanors
House Accused Awaiting TrialHouse Accused Awaiting Trial
CourtsCourts
Determine guilt or innocenceDetermine guilt or innocence
Oversee components of the criminal Oversee components of the criminal justice systemjustice system
JailsJails
PrisonsPrisons
To ensure confinement practices are lawfulTo ensure confinement practices are lawful
CorrectionsCorrections
Long Term ConfinementLong Term Confinement
RehabilitationRehabilitation
House Convicted FelonsHouse Convicted Felons
House County Safe KeepersHouse County Safe Keepers
Uncontrollable Jail InmatesUncontrollable Jail Inmates
Parole & ProbationParole & Probation
ParoleParole To supervise, for a specific amount of To supervise, for a specific amount of
time, persons who have been released time, persons who have been released from serving time in a state facilityfrom serving time in a state facility
ProbationProbation To supervise persons who have been To supervise persons who have been
released into the community (under released into the community (under certain conditions) who have been found certain conditions) who have been found guilty of a crime guilty of a crime
Types of Correctional Facilities Types of Correctional Facilities and their Roles:and their Roles:
JailsJails
PrisonsPrisons
Community-Based Community-Based FacilitiesFacilities
Correctional Agencies GoalsCorrectional Agencies Goals __________________ - Punishment for its - Punishment for its
own sake (to pay back society)own sake (to pay back society) ____________________ - to deter an - to deter an
individual from committing individual from committing future crimesfuture crimes
______________________ - “house” people to - “house” people to prevent offenders from prevent offenders from committing more crimes. Take committing more crimes. Take away their freedom.away their freedom.
________________________ - correct, - correct, challenge behavior, emphasis challenge behavior, emphasis on reformingon reforming
RetributioRetributionn
DeterrencDeterrencee
IncarceratioIncarcerationn
RehabilitatioRehabilitationn
SentencingSentencing
Concurrent vs. Consecutive Concurrent vs. Consecutive SentencesSentences
ConcurrentConcurrent – – ________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
ConsecutiveConsecutive – – ________________________________________
______________________________________ ______________________________________
Sentences runs Sentences runs
together or at the same time as together or at the same time as
another sentenceanother sentence Second sentence Second sentence
does not start until the first is does not start until the first is
completecomplete
__________________________ – ten to fifteen in a – ten to fifteen in a state prison.state prison.
__________________________ – one year at a drug – one year at a drug rehabilitation hospital.rehabilitation hospital.
IndeterminateIndeterminate
DeterminateDeterminate
Philosophy for TodayPhilosophy for Today
Classification systemClassification system Specialized facilities for classified Specialized facilities for classified
groupsgroups Education/vocational trainingEducation/vocational training Religious guidanceReligious guidance Prisoner counselingPrisoner counseling Prisoner pay for their workPrisoner pay for their work Individual cellsIndividual cells Community treatment programCommunity treatment program Probation and ParoleProbation and Parole
__________________ – is to offer an – is to offer an alternative to confinement while alternative to confinement while still providing supervision of still providing supervision of offendersoffenders
__________________ – is to allow prisoners an – is to allow prisoners an early return to society, while early return to society, while keeping home under close keeping home under close supervisionsupervision
ProbationProbation
ParoleParole
JailsJails
Locally OperatedLocally Operated
Smaller/House less inmateSmaller/House less inmate
Population fluctuates oftenPopulation fluctuates often
PrisonPrison
State/federally OperatedState/federally Operated Usually house inmate with over Usually house inmate with over
1 year sentence1 year sentence Prisons are usually Prisons are usually
predominately one custody levelpredominately one custody level MinimumMinimum MediumMedium MaximumMaximum
Custody LevelCustody Level
1. 1. ________________________________
Inmate is given much freedomInmate is given much freedom No guard towersNo guard towers Minimum supervisionMinimum supervision One year or less on sentenceOne year or less on sentence No sex crime, no violent crimeNo sex crime, no violent crime Almost write-up freeAlmost write-up free
Minimum Minimum SecuritySecurity
Custody LevelCustody Level
2.2. ______________________________
Two fences with razor wireTwo fences with razor wire Guard towersGuard towers Inmates have yard accessInmates have yard access Have more supervision (counts, Have more supervision (counts,
lockup)lockup)
Medium SecurityMedium Security
Custody LevelCustody Level
3.3. ________________________________
Very little free movementVery little free movement Watched almost 24 hours a dayWatched almost 24 hours a day Can only go outside the prison under Can only go outside the prison under
armed escortarmed escort 2 fences and a lot of razor wire2 fences and a lot of razor wire Towers and armed posts all overTowers and armed posts all over Life sentence, more than 20 yearsLife sentence, more than 20 years
Maximum Maximum SecuritySecurity
In Addition In Addition
____________________________________
__________________________________________
Restitution Restitution CenterCenter
Transitional HousingTransitional Housing
Community Based FacilitiesCommunity Based Facilities
Half-Way HouseHalf-Way House
Drug RehabilitationDrug Rehabilitation
Usually Non-violent CrimesUsually Non-violent Crimes
Alternatives to PrisonAlternatives to Prison
Nevada uses 6 alternativesNevada uses 6 alternatives1. 1. ______________________ (military style (military style
discipline/control)discipline/control)
2.2. ________________________
3.3. ______________________________________
4.4. ________________________
5.5. ______________________________________
6.6. ______________________________________
Boot CampsBoot Camps
ProbationProbationHouse Arrest House Arrest (Ankle (Ankle Bracelet)Bracelet)Work ReleaseWork Release
Community ServiceCommunity ServiceInterim InmatesInterim Inmates