MODERN WORKS OF Le CORBUSIER

&5 POINTS OF ARCHITECTURE

PRESENTED BYMANIK BANSAL-33SHEIFALI AGGARWAL-34

NAME: Le CorbusierOCCUPATION: Architect, ArtistBIRTH DATE: October 06, 1887DEATH DATE: August 27, 1965EDUCATION: École des Arts Décoratifs at La Chaux-de-FondsPLACE OF BIRTH: La Chaux-de-Fonds, SwitzerlandPLACE OF DEATH: Cap Martin, FranceFULL NAME: Le CorbusierAKA: Charles Jeanneret-GrisORIGINALLY: Charles-Edouard Jeanneret-Gris

Figure 1: Le-CorbusierReference: http://www.biography.com/people/le-corbusier-9376609

TIMELINE (1887-1965)

1887

Born 6 October at 38 rue de la Serre, La Chaux-de-Fonds, de Charles-Edouard Jeanneret (Le Corbusier), son of Georges Edouard Jeanneret, watch engraver and enameller, and of Marie Charlotte Amelie Jeanneret-Perret, music teacher

Figure 2: Le-Corbusier (left) with his brother and parentsReference:http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=13&IrisObjectId=6641&sysLanguage=en-en&itemPos=8&itemCount=300&sysParentId=15

1891 Primary school in La Chaux-de-Fonds

1900 Studies watch engraving at the Art School, under Charles

L’Eplattenier.

1904

Enters the Advanced Decorative Arts Course (based at the Art School) directed by Charles L’Eplattenier, who interests Le Corbusier in architecture.

Figure 3: Ornaments-geometricsReference:http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=13&IrisObjectId=6639&sysLanguage=en-en&itemPos=6&itemCount=300&sysParentId=15

1905 Commissioned by Louis Fallet, a member of the Board of the Art School, to design a villa, which he builds in collaboration with the architect Rene Chapallaz.

Figure 4: Entry de Ville, NurembergReference:www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=13&IrisObjectId=6646&sysLanguage=en-en&itemPos=13&itemCount=300&sysParentId=15

1906

Watchcase designed and engraved by Jeanneret in Milan.

Figure 5: Watch engraving by Jeanneret at the art schoolReference:http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=13&IrisObjectId=6654&sysLanguage=en-en&itemPos=21&itemCount=300&sysParentId=15

1907 • In September, trip to Italy de two and a half month : Milan,

Florence0.

• In November leaves for Vienna via Budapest.

• Stayed in Vienna for 4 months : where he works on the plans for the Stolzer and Jacquemet villas in La Chaux-de-Fonds.

Figure 6:Works in ViennaReference:http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=13&IrisObjectId=6658&sysLanguage=en-en&itemPos=25&itemCount=300&sysParentId=15

1910

• Foundation of the Ateliers d’Art Reunis (United Art Studios).

• Participation in a national ski race (Grindelwald).

• April : commissioned by the Art School of La Chaux-de-Fonds to research the decorative arts movement in Germany. " Writes his etude sur le movement d’art decoratif en Allemagne (Study of the decorative art movement in Germany) in 1912.

• Meets Walter Gropius and Mies Van der Rohe.

1911 • In May, he leaves for his journey to the East.

During this trip, he made numerous drawings, sketches and notes in his sketchbooks, as well as several hundred photographs.

• October: returns to La Chaux-de-Fonds, via the Charterhouse of Ema , in order to set up a new section of the Art School with L’Eplattenier

Figure 7:Le-Corbusier at AcropoleReference:http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=13&IrisObjectId=6668&sysLanguage=en-en&itemPos=35&itemCount=300&sysParentId=15

Figure 8:Sketch of Le Parthenon, AthensReference:www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=13&IrisObjectId=6672&sysLanguage=en-en&itemPos=39&itemCount=300&sysParentId=15

1912 La Chaux-de-Fonds : Builds the villa Jeanneret-Perret in the rue de la Montage (for his parents) and the Villa Favre-Jacot in the nearby town of Le Locle.

Figure 9:Family of Jeannaret under ppergola in CircaReference:http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=13&IrisObjectId=6675&sysLanguage=en-en&itemPos=42&itemCount=300&sysParentId=15

1913

Exhibition of 10 watercolors "Le langage des Pierres" (the language of stones), at the Salon d’Automne, Paris.

Figure 10:Acropole D AthensReference:http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=13&IrisObjectId=6689&sysLanguage=en-en&itemPos=56&itemCount=300&sysParentId=15

1915

Occasional trips to Paris to study in the Bibliotheque National Print Room.Works on his manuscript "La construction des villes".

Figure 11:Construction drawings of Cathedral De RouenReference:http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=13&IrisObjectId=6719&sysLanguage=en-en&itemPos=83&itemCount=300&sysParentId=15

1919

Launches " L’Esprit Nouveau magazine " with Amedee Ozenfant and Paul Dermee.

Figure 12:Manager’s card for L’Esprit Nouveau magazine Reference:www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=13&IrisObjectId=6725&sysLanguage=en-en&itemPos=89&itemCount=300&sysParentId=15

1922

• Exhibits the plan of a contemporary city for three million people at the Salon d’Automne.

• Works on a number of unexecuted architectural projects: maison Citrohan, Immeubles-villas.

• Builds the Villa Besnus (in the Vaucresson suburb of Paris) and the Ozenfant Studio in Paris.

1923

Publishes Vers une Architecture (based on articles published in L’Esprit Nouveau), published in English in 1927 as Towards a New Architecture.

FIGURE 13: TOWARDS A NEW ARCHITECTURE BY LE CORBUSIERSource: http://ebooksmio.com/uploads/posts/2012-03-19/towards-a-new-architecture_1.jpg

1924

• Establishes his architectural office at 35 rue de Sevres (6th arrondissement).

• Publishes L’Urbanisme (based on articles in L’Esprit Nouveau).

Figure 14:Collaborators in studioReference:http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=13&IrisObjectId=6731&sysLanguage=en-en&itemPos=95&itemCount=300&sysParentId=15

1926 • Death of Georges Edouard Jeanneret, father of Le Corbusier,

on 11th April.• Publishes Architecture d’epoque machinist (Architecture of

the machine age)

Figure 15:Potrait of his fatherReference:http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=13&IrisObjectId=6835&sysLanguage=en-en&itemPos=193&itemCount=300&sysParentId=15

1928 • Founder member of CIAM (Congress Internationaux

d’architecture moderne) at the castle of La Sarraz, in Switzerland.

• Publishes Une Maison - un Pala is (A house - a palace).

Figure 16:Le-Corbusier with other participants at CIAMReference:http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=13&IrisObjectId=6860&sysLanguage=en-en&itemPos=218&itemCount=300&sysParentId=15

1931

Builds the apartment block at 24 rue Nungesser-et-Coli, Boulogne-sur-Seine, including a penthouse apartment and studio for himself.

1932 Takes part in the planning competition for the Exposition international des arts et techniques.

1935 • Publishes Aircraft and La Ville Radiuses (The Radiant City).• First trip to the USA, where he lectures in Boston, Chicago,

Philadelphia, Madison and Hartford.

1937 • Works on the plan of Paris and his Cartesian skyscraper. • Builds the Pavilion des Temps Nouveaux at the International

Exhibition in Paris

1950 • Starts working on the Chapel at Ron champ.• Consultant to the administration of Punjab for the planning

of the new capital city of Chandigarh, with Pierre Jeanneret, Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew.

Figure 17:Le-Corbusier in ChandigarhReference:http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=13&IrisObjectId=6854&sysLanguage=en-en&itemPos=212&itemCount=300&sysParentId=15

1951 • 18 February, first trip to India : visits Chandigarh and

Ahmadabad.• Plans for the U.N.E.S.C.O. Headquarters in Paris are rejected.• Presentation of the "Open Hand" monument in Chandigarh.

Figure 18:Le-Corbusier and his team in ChandigarhReference:http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=13&IrisObjectId=6942&sysLanguage=en-en&itemPos=294&itemCount=300&sysParentId=15

Figure 19:The Open-HandReference:http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=13&IrisObjectId=6893&sysLanguage=en-en&itemPos=248&itemCount=300&sysParentId=15

1955

Trip to Chandigarh for the inauguration of the High Court building by Jawaharlal Nehru.

Figure 20:Le-Corbusier and Jwaharlal Nehru in ChandigarhReference:http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=13&IrisObjectId=6891&sysLanguage=en-en&itemPos=247&itemCount=300&sysParentId=15

Figure 21:Le-Corbusier in front of High Court in ChandigarhReference:http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=13&IrisObjectId=6893&sysLanguage=en-en&itemPos=248&itemCount=300&sysParentId=15

1965• Revises the study of the Monument of the Open Hand for

Chandigarh.• Construction of the stadium in Firminy. • On 27 August, Le Corbusier dies while swimming at Cap-

Martin. • On 1 September, Official Funeral in the Cour Carree at the

Louvre. Burial in the cemetery at Cap-Martin.

Figure 22:Le-Corbusier ‘s funeralReference:http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/corbuweb/morpheus.aspx?sysId=13&IrisObjectId=6835&sysLanguage=en-en&itemPos=193&itemCount=300&sysParentId=15

SAINTE MARIE DE LA TOURETTE (1956-1960)

FIGURE 29: SAINTE MARIE DE LA TOURETTESource: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sainte_Marie_de_La_Tourette_2007.jpg

Type-ConventArchitectural style-Modernist, InternationalTown or city- Éveux, Rhône-AlpesCountry- FranceConstruction started-1956Completed-1960Renovated-1981Architect-Le Corbusier

ABOUT:

• Sainte Marie de La Tourette is a Dominican Order priory in a valley near Lyon, France designed by the architect Le Corbusier and constructed between 1956 and 1960. 

La Tourette is considered one of the more important buildings of the late Modernist style.

• It was under the instigation of Reverend Father Couturier that the Dominicans of Lyon charged Le Corbusier with the task of bringing into being at Éveux, near Lyon, the Convent of La Tourette, in the midst of nature, located in a small vale that opens out onto the forest. 

• unique example in which to explore a case study of architectural form as understood by Le Corbusier’s beliefs, attitudes, and personal morphologies toward his profession.

SAINT MARIA LA TOURETTE IS A STUDY OF DUALISTIC RELATIONSHIPS

INDIVIDUAL COLLECTIVE

LIGHT DARK

INCREMENTIALCONTINOUS

HIGHLOW

SECULARRELIGIOUS

LUCIDOBSCURE

NATUREARCH

IRRATIONALRATIONAL

INDIVIDUALCOLLECTIVE

FIGURE 30: DUALISTIC RELATIONSHIPSSOURCE: http://davidjenista.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/case-study-full.pdf

1. SOCIAL PAIRING OF THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE COLLECTIVE

FIGURE 31: COLLECTIVE AND INDIVIDUAL SOURCE: http://williamlang.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/formal-stategies-form-analysis.pdf

2. SPATIAL PAIRING OF WALLS AND COLUMNS

FIGURE 32: WALLS AND COLUMNSSOURCE: http://williamlang.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/formal-stategies-form-analysis.pdf

3. OPPOSITION OF NATURE AND ARCHITECTURE

FIGURE 33: NATURE AND ARCHITECTURESOURCE: http://williamlang.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/formal-stategies-form-analysis.pdf

FIGURE 34: ENTRANCE FLOOR PLANSOURCE: http://www.greatbuildings.com/cgi-bin/gbc-drawing.cgi/Convent_of_La_Tourette.html/La_Tourette_Plan_1.jpg

FIGURE 35: REFECTORY FLOOR PLANSOURCE: http://www.greatbuildings.com/cgi-bin/gbc-drawing.cgi/Convent_of_La_Tourette.html/La_Tourette_Plan_1.jpg

FIGURE 36: CELL FLOOR PLANSOURCE: http://www.greatbuildings.com/cgi-bin/gbc-drawing.cgi/Convent_of_La_Tourette.html/La_Tourette_Plan_1.jpg

FIGURE 37: SECTION DRAWING AND EXTERIOR VIEWSOURCE: http://www.greatbuildings.com/cgi-bin/gbc-drawing.cgi/Convent_of_La_Tourette.html/La_Tourette_Plan_1.jpg

AS A WHOLE, THE MONASTERY IS GOVERNED THROUGH THE FORMAL AND CULTURAL LOGICS OF A PROGRAM.

THESE PLANS ILLUSTRATE A FORMAL GOVERNANCE. EACH PROGRAMATIC TYPOLOGY, IS DELINEATED THROUGH COLOUR.

THE MESSAGE OF THESE SPACES SUGGEST SINGULAR FUNCTIONALITY, THIS IS

PLAUSIBLE BEING THAT THE MONKS OF LA TOURETTE LED A VERY STRUCTURED AND

STRICT LIFESTYLE.

PRAYER

DINING

EDUCATION

LIVING

VISITOR HOLDING

FIGURE 38: FORMAL PROGRAMSOURCE: http://davidjenista.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/case-study-full.pdf

THESE PLANS ILLUSTRATE A CULTURAL LOGIC OF LA

TOURETTE.

BECAUSE THE MONKS LIVED MOSTLY IN SOLITUDE, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE EXIST

AS A CULTURAL BOUNDARY BETWEEN THE INSIDERS AND THE OUTSIDERS.

PUBLIC SPACE

PRIVATE SPACE

FIGURE 39: FORMAL PROGRAMSOURCE: http://davidjenista.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/case-study-full.pdf

FACTS:• The structural frame is of rough reinforced concrete.

• The panes of glass located on the three exterior faces achieve, for the first time, the system called "the undulatory glass surface".

• In the garden-court of the cloister, the fenestration is composed of large concrete elements reaching from floor to ceiling, perforated with glazed voids and separated from one another by "ventilators": vertical slits covered by metal mosquito netting and furnished with a pivoting shutter. 

• The corridors leading to the dwelling cells are lit by a horizontal opening located under the ceiling.

• Built as a Chapel, residence and place of learning for Dominican friars, the monastery groups around a central courtyard a U-shaped mass, and the court is closed off by the chapel at the end.

• Though still functioning for a greatly-reduced population of monks, La Tourette has become something of a pilgrimage site for students of architecture. Overnight stays can be arranged in the unused cells.

Saint-Pierre, Firminy (1965 – 2006)

FIGURE 40: SAINT – PIERREREFERENCE: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EgliseSaintPierreLeCorbusierFirminy.jpg

Location-Firminy, Loire, FranceAffiliation-Currently none, designed as Roman Catholic churchArchitect(s)-Le CorbusierArchitectural type-ChurchCompleted-2006Materials-Concrete

ABOUT:• Designed to be a church in the model city of Firminy Vert, the

construction of Saint-Pierre was begun in 1971, six years after Le Corbusier's death in 1965.

• Due to local political conflicts it remained stalled from 1975 to 2003, when the local government declared the mouldering concrete ruin an "architectural heritage" and financed its completion.

• The building was completed by the French architect, José Oubrerie, Le Corbusier's student for many years. 

• It has been used for many different purposes, as a secondary school and as a shelter.

• As the laicist French state may not use public funds for religious buildings, Saint-Pierre is now used as a cultural venue.

FEATURES:• The building is in the shape of a pyramid with a square

base of 25 meters side playing in a truncated cone which rises to 33 meters in height.

• On the ground floor, the church has four exhibition halls and a conference room.

• The structure on the top floor has a square base and an internal spiral leads to a sphere. It contains a pulpit and an altar and can accommodate Christian religious celebrations.

• In the nave main, the play of light and contrast reveals the extent of the elevation of the building.

• Light enters the church through openings in the dome that draw the constellation Orion (Le Corbusier had not defined what constellation would appear on the wall).

• However, the shape and the material used (raw concrete) give this monument poor acoustics.

Le Corbusier manages a kind of architectural alchemy: creating the effect of stained glass windows with only paint and

concrete.

FIGURE 41: SAINTE PIERREREFERNCE: http://gizmodo.com/a-rare-tour-of-le-corbusiers-last-and-most-brilliant-1349702440

Each side of the structure glows with a different color, which can be seen streaming through the windows and gleaming on the polished concrete floors. Behind the altar is a different effect

entirely: round holes the size of drinking glasses punched into the wall like tiny stars.

FIGURE 42: ROUND HOLES ON THE WALLREFERNCE: http://gizmodo.com/a-rare-tour-of-le-corbusiers-last-and-most-brilliant-1349702440

FIGURE 43: STRUCTURE GLOWS WITH DIFFERENT COLOURSREFERNCE: http://gizmodo.com/a-rare-tour-of-le-corbusiers-last-and-most-brilliant-1349702440

the ceiling glows with "light cones," apertures in the concrete also painted with different colors. These seemingly random

geometric skylights are actually placed purposely to illuminate the altar on specific holy days.

FIGURE 44: LIGHT CONES IN THE CEILINGSOURCE: http://gizmodo.com/a-rare-tour-of-le-corbusiers-last-and-most-brilliant-1349702440

FIGURE 45: CONTELLATION ON THE WALLSOURCE: http://gizmodo.com/a-rare-tour-of-le-corbusiers-last-and-most-brilliant-1349702440

As the sun moves throughout the day, the "stained glass" reflections shift along the floor, as do the waves of light that travel

along the interior walls.

FIGURE 46: REFLECTION ON THE FLOOR DUE TO STAINED GLASSSOURCE: http://gizmodo.com/a-rare-tour-of-le-corbusiers-last-and-most-brilliant-1349702440

5 POINTS OF ARCHITECTURE

The following points in no way relate to aesthetic fantasies or a striving for fashionable effects, but concern architectural facts that imply an entirely new kind of building, from the dwelling house to palatial edifices.

1. THE SUPPORTS2. THE ROOF GARDENS3. THE FREE DESIGNING OF THE GROUND PLAN4. THE HORIZONTAL WINDOW5. FREE DESIGN OF THE FAÇADE

The five essential points set out above represent a fundamentally new aesthetic. Nothing is left to us of the architecture of past epochs, just as we can no longer derive any benefit from the literary and historical teaching given in schools.

VILLA SAVOYE (1928-1931)

TYPE- VILLAARCHITECTURAL STYLE- Modernist, InternationalADDRESS- 82, Rue de Villiers 78300 PoissyTOWN/CITY- Poissy, YvelinesCOUNTRY- France CONSTRUCTION STARTED- 1928COMPLETED- 1931RENOVATED- 1963, 1985-1997OWNER- French government

Figure 23: Villa SavoyeReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VillaSavoye.jpg

CONCEPT

• It was designed by Le Corbusier as a paradigm of the "machine as a home", so that the functions of everyday life inside become critical to its design. The movement of cars to enter the interior of the house is the trigger for the design of the building.

• It also includes the fact that housing is designed as an object that allegedly landed on the landscape, is totally autonomous and it can be placed anywhere in the world. Architecture followed the style of airplanes, cars and ships, with the declared aim of achieving mass production of housing.

• Pillars supporting the ground floor also advanced this idea, and the independence of the Villa from its garden, and was recognized as one of the key points of the first generation of International Architecture.

FUNCTIONS:GROUND FLOOR COMPRISES OF:

1. HALL2. OFFICES FOR THE SERVICE3. GARAGE (SPACE FOR 3

CARS)

The ground floor is largely determined by the movement of a car entering the building. This movement also determines the structure, based on an orthogonal grid of concrete pillars separated 4.75 meters from each other. This forms a square grid of 23.5 meters on the side, on top of which sits the Villa

Figure 24: Villa Savoye Ground Floor PlanReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VillaSavoye.jpg

FIRST FLOOR COMPRISES OF:

1. LIVING ROOM2. KITCHEN3. BEDROOMS4. BATHROOMS

Figure 25: Villa Savoye First Floor PlanReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VillaSavoye.jpg

5 POINTS OF ARCHITECTURE:

2

4

31

5

Figure 26: Villa SavoyeReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VillaSavoye.jpg

1. Support of ground-level pilotis, elevating the building from the earth and allowed an extended continuity of the garden beneath.

2. Functional roof, serving as a garden and terrace, reclaiming for nature the land occupied by the building.

3. Free floor plan, relieved of load-bearing walls, allowing walls to be placed freely and only where aesthetically needed.

4. Long horizontal windows, providing illumination and ventilation.

5. Freely-designed facades, serving only as a skin of the wall and windows and unconstrained by load-bearing considerations.

FACTS:1. All four sides of the building was designed in response to the view

and the orientation of the sun.

2. The plan was set out using the principle ratios of the Golden section: in this case a square divided into sixteen equal parts, extended on two sides to incorporate the projecting façades and then further divided to give the position of the ramp and the entrance.

3. The four columns in the entrance hall seemingly direct the visitor up the ramp.

4. The ramp, that can be seen from almost everywhere in the house continues up to the first floor living area and salon before continuing externally from the first floor roof terrace up to the second floor solarium.

CARPENTERS CENTER FOR THE VISUAL ARTS(1963)

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE- Modernist, InternationalTOWN/CITY- Cambridge, MassachusettsCOUNTRY- UNITED STATESCOMPLETED- 1963

Figure 27: Carpenter Center For Visual ArtsReference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Carpenter_center.jpg

FEATURES:

1. It was designed to be home to Harvard’s visual arts, the Carpenter Center houses large open studio spaces for students to work and showcase their art.  

2. In addition to being a place for art, it holds the largest collection of 35mm films in the New England region often holding screenings of independent, international, and silent films.

3. It was meant to be the synthesis of the arts where architecture would join with painting, sculpture, photography and film.

4. It takes on a less than traditional approach to the design and organization of the interior spaces.

5. Rather the Carpenter Center is a mix of Corbusier’s earlier works with the typical beton-brut concrete, angled brise soleils that were used in Chandigarh, and ondulatoires [narrow windows]. 

6. From first glance, it appears to be an inverted version of Villa Savoye embodying  the Five Points of Architecture on the exterior of the building rather than within like Villa Savoye.

5 POINTS OF ARCHITECTURE:

1

3

4

2

5

Figure 28: Carpenter Center For Visual ArtsReference:http://www.google.co.in/imgres?newwindow=1&sa=X&biw=1366&bih=624&tbm=isch&tbnid=Pwe6OudP1Le3xM:&imgrefurl=https://exploringvenustas.wordpress.com/tag/carpentercenterforthevisualarts/&docid=BixPbEitwHnAlM&imgurl=http://exploringvenustas.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/carpentercenterforthevisualarts.jpg&w=640&h=424&ei=Xmx6UrXH8HRrQe6j4GIDw&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:1,s:0,i:81&iact=rc&page=1&tbnh=182&tbnw=276&start=0&ndsp=16&tx=164&ty=145

1. Pilotis – The replacement of supporting walls by a grid of reinforced concrete columns that bears the load of the structure is the basis of the new aesthetic.

2. Roof gardens – The flat roof can be utilized for any purpose while also providing essential protection to the concrete roof.

3. The free designing of the ground plan – The absence of supporting walls means that the house is unrestrained in its internal usage.

4. The free design of façade – By separating the exterior of the building from its structural function the façade becomes free.

5. The horizontal window – The façade can be cut along its entire length to allow rooms to be lit equally.

FACTS:1. The five levels of the building function as open and flexible working spaces

for painting, drawing, and sculpture.

2. The ramp through the heart of the building encourages public circulation and provides views into the studios, making the creative process visible through the building design.

3. The Sert Gallery, at the top of the ramp, features the work of contemporary artists.

4. The main gallery at street level hosts a variety of exhibitions supporting the curriculum of the Department.

5. It is also home to the Harvard Film Archive, which brings to the public a unique program of classic, rare and experimental films.

6. It also has an architectural promenade that runs through the center of the building that connects the interior studios, galleries, and screening rooms to the public spaces within the building, as well as to the campus.

BIBLIOGRAPHY• http://davidjenista.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/case-study-full.pdf

• http://williamlang.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/formal-stategies-form-analysis.pdf

• http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Convent_of_La_Tourette.html

• http://architectuul.com/architecture/sainte-marie-de-la-tourette

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte_Marie_de_La_Tourette

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Pierre,_Firminy

• http://gizmodo.com/a-rare-tour-of-le-corbusiers-last-and-most-brilliant-1349702440

• http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glise_Saint-Pierre_de_Firminy