Modernism

Presented by

Lect.Jaikumar ranganathan

Dept of Architecture,HCE

Chennai,India

Courtesy to www.Greatbuildings.com

De Stijl proposed ultimate simplicity and abstraction, both in architecture and painting, by using only straight (horizontal and vertical) lines and rectangular forms. The colour palette was reduced to the primary colours red, yellow and blue. Black, white and grey were used as well. The works avoided symmetry and attained aesthetic balance by the use of opposition.

De Stijl De Stijl was a Dutch artistic movement, founded in 1917. the term De Stijl is used to refer to a body of work created by a group of Dutch artists, from 1917 to 1931. De Stijl is also the name of a journal which was published by the painter, architect and critic Theo van Doesburg, propagating the group's theories. Other important participants were Gerrit Rietveld and Piet Mondrian.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey

Red and Blue Chair designed by Gerrit Rietveld in 1917

De Stijl

De Stijl

Gerrit Rietveld's Schroeder House

Le Corbusier Personal Information

Name Charles-Edouard JeanneretNationality Swiss, FrenchBirth date October 6, 1887Birth place La Chaux-de-Fonds, SwitzerlandDate of death August 27, 1965Place of death Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France

Working Life

Significant BuildingsVilla SavoyeUnité d'HabitationNotre Dame du HautVarious buildings at Chandigarh

Significant ProjectsVille RadieuseVille ContemporaineCartesian skyscraper

FACT FILE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Chaux-de-Fonds

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Chaux-de-Fonds

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roquebrune-Cap-Martin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roquebrune-Cap-Martin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_Savoye

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_Savoye

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%C3%83%C2%A9_d'Habitation



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre_Dame_du_Haut



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandigarh

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ville_Radieuse&action=edit

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ville_Radieuse&action=edit

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ville_Contemporaine

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ville_Contemporaine

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_skyscraper

Le Corbusier Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, widely known as Le Corbusier (October 6, 1887– August 27, 1965), was a French Swiss born architect, famous for his contributions to what is now called modernism, or the International Style. He was a pioneer in theoretical studies of modern design and was dedicated to providing better living conditions for the residents of crowded cities. His career spanned five decades, with iconic buildings constructed across central Europe, India, Russia, and one structure each in North and South America. He was also an urban planner, painter, sculptor, writer and modern furniture designer.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_6

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1887

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_27

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architect

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernism

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_style_(architecture)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_furniture

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design

Five points of architecture Le Corbusier The pilotis, or ground-level supporting columns,

elevate the building from the damp earth and allow the garden to flow beneath.

A flat roof terrace reclaims the area of the building site for domestic purposes, including a garden area.

The free plan, made possible by the elimination of load-bearing walls, consists of partitions placed where they are needed without regard for those on adjoining levels.

Horizontal windows provide even illumination and ventilation.

The freely-designed facade, unconstrained by load-bearing considerations, consists of a thin skin of wall and windows.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilotis

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columns

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_plan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load-bearing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walls

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facade_(Architecture)

Architect Le Corbusier

Location Poissy, FranceDate 1928 to 1929 timeline

Building Type house

Construction System concrete and plastered unit masonry

Climate temperateContext rural or suburban

Style ModernNotes An early and classic exemplar of the "International

Style", which hovers above a grass plane on thin concrete pilotti, with strip windows, and a flat roof with a deck area, ramp, and a few contained touches of curvaceous walls.

Villa SavoyeLe Corbusier

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Le Corbusier Villa Savoye

G.F.PLAN


FIRST FLOOR PLAN


SECOND FLOORPLAN


VIEW


VIEW


The Villa Savoye is a wonderful demonstration of Le Corbusier's 'five points of a new architecture', which he developed in 1927, exploiting the new opportunities of reinforced concrete


The pilotis (supporting columns): 'The house on pilotis! The house is firmly driven into the ground - a dark and often damp site. The reinforced concrete gives us the pilotis. The house is up in the air, far from the ground: the garden runs under the house...'


The roof gardens: '...the garden is also over the house, on the roof... Reinforced concrete is the new way to create a unified roof structure. Reinforced concrete expands considerably. The expansion makes the work crack at times of sudden shrinkage. Instead of trying to evacuate the rainwater quickly, endeavor on the contrary to maintain a constant humidity on the concrete of the terrace and hence an even temperature on the reinforced concrete. One particular protective measure: sand covered with thick concrete slabs, with widely spaced joints; these joints are sown with grass.'


Free plan: 'Until now: load-bearing walls; from the ground they are superimposed, forming the ground floor and the upper stories, up to the eaves. The layout is a slave to the supporting walls. Reinforced concrete in the house provides a free plan! The floors are no longer superimposed by partition walls. They are free.'


The horizontal window: 'The window is one of the essential features of the house. Progress brings liberation. Reinforced concrete provides a revolution in the history of the window. Windows can run from one end of the facade to the other.'

The free facade: 'The columns set back from the facades, inside the house. The floor continues cantilevered. The facades are no longer anything but light skins of insulating walls or windows. The facade is free.'









http://www.int3d.com/3dscenes/savoye/savoye1.jpg










http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Villa_savoye_avant.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Villa_savoye_cote.jpg

Le Corbusier Notre Dame du Haut, or Ronchamp

Architect Le CorbusierLocation Ronchamp, France

Date 1955 timelineBuilding

Type church

Construction System reinforced concrete

Climate temperateContext rural, mountains

Style Expressionist ModernNotes Soft-form composition, deep windows with

colored glass (wall thickness 4' to 12')

FACT FILE

http://ads.artifice.com/adserver/adclick.php?n=afdc923d


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ronchamp.jpg















Le Corbusier Furniture Design

Le Corbusier

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe was born in Aachen, Germany in 1886. He worked in the family stone-carving business before he joined the office of Bruno Paul in Berlin. He entered the studio of Peter Behrens in 1908 and remained until 1912.

Mies Famous for his dictum 'Less is More', Mies attempted to create contemplative, neutral spaces through an architecture based on material honesty and structural integrity. Over the last twenty years of his life, Mies achieved his vision of a monumental 'skin and bone' architecture

Mies died in Chicago, Illinois in 1969.

WorksBarcelona Pavilion, at Barcelona, Spain, built 1928-1929, demolished

1930. Crown Hall, at Chicago, Illinois, 1950 to 1956.

Farnsworth House, at Plano, Illinois, 1946 to 1950. Lake Shore Drive Apts, at Chicago, Illinois, 1948 to 1951.

New National Gallery, at Berlin, Germany, 1962 to 1968.

Biography

http://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/Peter_Behrens.html

http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Barcelona_Pavilion.html

Architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Location Barcelona, SpainDate built 1928-1929, demolished 1930

Building Type exhibition building

Construction System steel frame with glass and polished stone

Climate mediterraneaContext urban exposition site

Style ModernNotes An Icon of the Modern movement. free plan

exemplar. Rebuilt in 1959 to the original design.

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Barcelona Pavilion




German pavilion, Barcelona, 1929Mies van der rohe

Barcelona chairs



Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Location Plano, IllinoisDate 1946 to 1950

Building Type house

Construction System steel frame with glass

Climate temperateContext rural

Style ModernNotes International Style

exemplar; glass and steel

Farnsworth HouseFact file

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Farnsworth House




Model



Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

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Modernism

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